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The age-related responses of the mesenteric vasculature to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) were compared in 2-mo-old and 2-yr-old rats by measuring leukocyte adherence, albumin leakage and oxidative stress in postcapillary venules. Findings revealed that various mechanisms are involved in the inflammatory responses and microvasculature dysfunction caused by I/R in young and aged rats.

Background: Hemostasis and thrombosis are regulated by agonist-induced activation of platelet integrin αIIbβ3. Integrin activation, in turn is mediated by cellular signaling via protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Although the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1c) interacts with αIIbβ3, the role of PP1c in platelet reactivity is unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using γ isoform of PP1c deficient mice (PP1cγ-/-), we show that the platelets have moderately decreased soluble fibrinogen binding and aggregation to low concentrations of thrombin or protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4)-activating peptide but not to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen or collagen-related peptide (CRP). Thrombin-stimulated PP1cγ-/- platelets showed decreased αIIbβ3activation despite comparable levels of αIIbβ3, PAR3, PAR4 expression and normal granule secretion. Functions regulated by outside-in integrin aIIbb3 signaling like adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen and clot retraction were not altered in PP1cγ-/- platelets. Thrombus formation induced by a light/ dye injury in the cremaster muscle venules was significantly delayed in PP1cγ-/- mice. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3)β-serine 9 that promotes platelet function, was reduced in thrombin-stimulated PP1cγ-/- platelets by an AKT independent mechanism. Inhibition of GSK3β partially abolished the difference in fibrinogen binding between thrombin-stimulated wild type and PP1cγ-/- platelets. Conclusions/Significance: These studies illustrate a role for PP1cγ in maintaining GSK3β-serine9 phosphorylation downstream of thrombin signaling and promoting thrombus formation via fibrinogen binding and platelet aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hemostasis and thrombosis are regulated by agonist-induced activation of platelet integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3). Integrin activation, in turn is mediated by cellular signaling via protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Although the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1c) interacts with alpha(IIb)beta(3), the role of PP1c in platelet reactivity is unclear., Methodology/principal Findings: Using gamma isoform of PP1c deficient mice (PP1cgamma(-/-)), we show that the platelets have moderately decreased soluble fibrinogen binding and aggregation to low concentrations of thrombin or protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4)-activating peptide but not to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen or collagen-related peptide (CRP). Thrombin-stimulated PP1cgamma(-/-) platelets showed decreased alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation despite comparable levels of alpha(IIb)beta(3), PAR3, PAR4 expression and normal granule secretion. Functions regulated by outside-in integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) signaling like adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen and clot retraction were not altered in PP1cgamma(-/-) platelets. Thrombus formation induced by a light/dye injury in the cremaster muscle venules was significantly delayed in PP1cgamma(-/-) mice. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3)beta-serine 9 that promotes platelet function, was reduced in thrombin-stimulated PP1cgamma(-/-) platelets by an AKT independent mechanism. Inhibition of GSK3beta partially abolished the difference in fibrinogen binding between thrombin-stimulated wild type and PP1cgamma(-/-) platelets., Conclusions/significance: These studies illustrate a role for PP1cgamma in maintaining GSK3beta-serine9 phosphorylation downstream of thrombin signaling and promoting thrombus formation via fibrinogen binding and platelet aggregation.