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3,774 results on '"Lang T"'

1. Ultra-broadband non-collinear optical parametric oscillators: A reliable source of rapidly tunable femtosecond laser pulses

Author

Mevert R., Geesmann F. J., Lang T., Binhammer Y., Zuber D., and Morgner U.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Non-collinear phase matching in optical parametric oscillators enables unique possibilities ranging from ultra-broadband rapid spectral tuning to intrinsic advantages in power scaling. This work is an overview of this concept adapted to different wavelength ranges.

Published
2024
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2. Tunable UV Laser for External Seeding of the High Repetition Rate Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser FLASH

Author

Lang T., Ahmed A., Alisauskas S., Ferrari E., Grosse-Wortmann U., Hoang N., Kazemi M., Mohr C., Rashtabadi H., Schaper L., Swiderski A., Tavakol H., Zheng J., and Hartl I.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We are currently developing a tunable high-repetition rate femtosecond UV laser system for external seeding superconducting soft X-ray Free Electron Laser FLASH. Initial results show excellent power and wavelength stability of the Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification system.

Published
2024
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3. Highly dynamic gamma-ray emissions are common in tropical thunderclouds

Author

Marisaldi, M., Østgaard, N., Mezentsev, A., Lang, T., Grove, J. E., Shy, D., Heymsfield, G. M., Krehbiel, P., Thomas, R. J., Stanley, M., Sarria, D., Schultz, C., Blakeslee, R., Quick, M. G., Christian, H., Adams, I., Kroodsma, R., Lehtinen, N., Ullaland, K., Yang, S., Qureshi, B. Hasan, Søndergaard, J., Husa, B., Walker, D., Bateman, M., Mach, D., Cummer, S., Pazos, M., Pu, Y., Bitzer, P., Fullekrug, M., Cohen, M., Montanya, J., Younes, C., van der Velde, O., Roncancio, J. A., Lopez, J. A., Urbani, M., and Santos, A.

Published
2024
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4. Flickering gamma-ray flashes, the missing link between gamma glows and TGFs

Author

Østgaard, N., Mezentsev, A., Marisaldi, M., Grove, J. E., Quick, M., Christian, H., Cummer, S., Pazos, M., Pu, Y., Stanley, M., Sarria, D., Lang, T., Schultz, C., Blakeslee, R., Adams, I., Kroodsma, R., Heymsfield, G., Lehtinen, N., Ullaland, K., Yang, S., Qureshi, B. Hasan, Søndergaard, J., Husa, B., Walker, D., Shy, D., Bateman, M., Bitzer, P., Fullekrug, M., Cohen, M., Montanya, J., Younes, C., van der Velde, O., Krehbiel, P., Roncancio, J. A., Lopez, J. A., Urbani, M., Santos, A., and Mach, D.

Published
2024
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8. Cryogenic Penning-Trap Apparatus for Precision Experiments with Sympathetically Cooled (anti)protons

Author

Niemann, M., Meiners, T., Mielke, J., Pulido, N., Schaper, J., Borchert, M. J., Cornejo, J. M., Paschke, A. -G., Zarantonello, G., Hahn, H., Lang, T., Manzoni, C., Marangoni, M., Cerullo, G., Morgner, U., Fenske, J. -A., Bautista-Salvador, A., Lehnert, R., Ulmer, S., and Ospelkaus, C.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Current precision experiments with single (anti)protons to test CPT symmetry progress at a rapid pace, but are complicated by the need to cool particles to sub-thermal energies. We describe a cryogenic Penning-trap setup for $^9$Be$^+$ ions designed to allow coupling of single (anti)protons to laser-cooled atomic ions for sympathetic cooling and quantum logic spectroscopy. We report on trapping and laser cooling of clouds and single $^9$Be$^+$ ions. We discuss prospects for a microfabricated trap to allow coupling of single (anti)protons to laser-cooled $^9$Be$^+$ ions for sympathetic laser cooling to sub-mK temperatures on ms time scales., Comment: Presented at the Eighth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, May 12-16, 2019

Published
2021
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10. Versatile control of $^9$Be$^+$ ions using a spectrally tailored UV frequency comb

Author

Paschke, A. -G., Zarantonello, G., Hahn, H., Lang, T., Manzoni, C., Marangoni, M., Cerullo, G., Morgner, U., and Ospelkaus, C.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We demonstrate quantum control of $^9$Be$^+$ ions directly implemented by an optical frequency comb. Based on numerical simulations of the relevant processes in $^9$Be$^+$ for different magnetic field regimes, we demonstrate a wide applicability when controlling the comb's spectral properties. We introduce a novel technique for the selective and efficient generation of a spectrally tailored narrow-bandwidth optical frequency comb near 313 nm. We experimentally demonstrate internal state control and internal-motional state coupling of $^9$Be$^+$ ions implemented by stimulated-Raman manipulation using a spectrally optimized optical frequency comb. Our pulsed laser approach is a key enabling step for the implementation of quantum logic and quantum information experiments in Penning traps., Comment: Includes supplementary material

Published
2019
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12. Evidence of a New Population of Weak Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes Observed From Aircraft Altitude.

Author

Bjørge‐Engeland, I., Østgaard, N., Sarria, D., Marisaldi, M., Mezentsev, A., Fuglestad, A., Lehtinen, N., Grove, J. E., Shy, D., Lang, T., Quick, M., Christian, H., Schultz, C., Blakeslee, R., Adams, I., Kroodsma, R., Heymsfield, G., Ullaland, K., Yang, S., and Qureshi, B. Hasan

Subjects
RELATIVISTIC energy, ELECTRIC fields, LIGHTNING, ALTITUDES, PHOTONS
Abstract

Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) are ten‐to‐hundreds of microsecond bursts of gamma‐rays produced when electrons in strong electric fields in thunderclouds are accelerated to relativistic energies. Space instruments have observed TGFs with source photon brightness down to ∼1017–1016. Based on space and aircraft observations, TGFs have been considered rare phenomena produced in association with very few lightning discharges. Space observations associated with lightning ground observations in the radio band have indicated that there exists a population of dimmer TGFs. Here we show observations of TGFs from aircraft altitude that were not detected by a space instrument viewing the same area. The TGFs were found through Monte Carlo modeling to be associated with 1015–1012 photons at source, which is several orders of magnitude below what can be seen from space. Our results suggest that there exists a significant population of TGFs that are too weak to be observed from space. Plain Language Summary: Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) are short bursts of gamma‐rays produced in the strong electric fields in thunderclouds. Based on space and aircraft observations, TGFs have been considered a rare phenomena. In this paper, we present observations of TGFs from an aircraft campaign that were not detected by a space instrument viewing the same area. Our results reveal that these TGFs were too weak to be observed from space, indicating a significant population of TGFs that are undetectable by space instruments. Key Points: The ALOFT flight campaign detected six TGFs within a few minutes during an ISS overpass, and none were detected by the ASIM instrumentWe show that there must be a population of TGFs that are too weak to be observed from spaceThe fluence at 15 km of this population is 2–5 orders of magnitude lower than the TGFs observed from space [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Association of bone turnover markers with volumetric bone loss, periosteal apposition, and fracture risk in older men and women: the AGES-Reykjavik longitudinal study

Author

Marques, EA, Gudnason, V, Lang, T, Sigurdsson, G, Sigurdsson, S, Aspelund, T, Siggeirsdottir, K, Launer, L, Eiriksdottir, G, and Harris, TB

Subjects
Osteoporosis, Aging, Clinical Research, Musculoskeletal, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Bone Density, Bone Remodeling, Female, Femur Neck, Fractures, Bone, Humans, Iceland, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Bone turnover, Endosteal bone loss, Fracture risk, Periosteal apposition, QCT, Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abstract

Association between serum bone formation and resorption markers and cortical and trabecular bone loss and the concurrent periosteal apposition in a population-based cohort of 1069 older adults was assessed. BTM levels moderately reflect the cellular events at the endosteal and periosteal surfaces but are not associated with fracture risk.IntroductionWe assessed whether circulating bone formation and resorption markers (BTM) were individual predictors for trabecular and cortical bone loss, periosteal expansion, and fracture risk in older adults aged 66 to 93 years from the AGES-Reykjavik study.MethodsThe sample for the quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-derived cortical and trabecular BMD and periosteal expansion analysis consisted of 1069 participants (474 men and 595 women) who had complete baseline (2002 to 2006) and follow-up (2007 to 2011) hip QCT scans and serum baseline BTM. During the median follow-up of 11.7 years (range 5.4-12.5), 54 (11.4 %) men and 182 (30.6 %) women sustained at least one fracture of any type.ResultsIncrease in BTM levels was associated with faster cortical and trabecular bone loss at the femoral neck and proximal femur in men and women. Higher BTM levels were positively related with periosteal expansion rate at the femoral neck in men. Markers were not associated with fracture risk.ConclusionThis data corroborates the notion from few previous studies that both envelopes are metabolically active and that BTM levels may moderately reflect the cellular events at the endosteal and periosteal surfaces. However, our results do not support the routine use of BTM to assess fracture risk in older men and women. In light of these findings, further studies are justified to examine whether systemic markers of bone turnover might prove useful in monitoring skeletal remodeling events and the effects of current osteoporosis drugs at the periosteum.

Published
2016

18. Fecal calprotectin and platelet count predict histologic disease activity in pediatric ulcerative colitis: results from a projection-predictive feature selection.

Author

Schiller, B., Wirthgen, E., Weber, F., Schiller, S., Radke, M., Claßen, M., Däbritz, J., Buderus, S., Bufler, P., Däbritz, J., Dammann, S., de Laffolie, J., Friedt, M., Hauer, A., Keller, K. M., Krahl, A., Laaß, M., Lang, T., Posovszky, C., and Rodeck, B.

Subjects
ULCERATIVE colitis, PLATELET count, FEATURE selection, CALPROTECTIN, INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases
Abstract

Especially for pediatric patients, proxies of mucosal inflammation are needed. The Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) has been established to predict clinical and endoscopic disease activity. However, histologic inflammation might persist. We applied a special variable selection technique to predict histologic healing in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) as parsimoniously (but still as precisely) as possible. The retrospective analysis included data from two study cohorts, comprising 91 visits from 59 pediatric patients with UC. A Bayesian ordinal regression model was used in combination with a projection-predictive feature selection (PPFS) to identify a minimal subset of clinical and laboratory parameters sufficient for the prediction of histologic disease activity. Following the PPFS, CEDATA-GPGE patient registry data were analyzed to investigate the relevance of the selected predictors in relation to PUCAI and Physician Global Assessment (PGA) in up to 6697 patient visits. Fecal calprotectin (FC) and platelet count were identified as the minimal subset of predictors sufficient for prediction of histologic disease activity in pediatric UC. FC and platelet count also appeared to be associated with increasing disease activity as measured by PUCAI and PGA in the CEDATA-GPGE registry. Based on the selected model, predictions can be performed with a Shiny web app. Conclusion: Our statistical approach constitutes a reproducible and objective tool to select a minimal subset of the most informative parameters to predict histologic inflammation in pediatric UC. A Shiny app shows how physicians may predict the histologic activity in a user-friendly way using FC and platelet count. To generalize the findings, further prospective studies will be needed. What is Known: • Histologic healing is a major endpoint in the therapy of ulcerative colitis (UC). • The PUCAI score has been established to predict disease activity in pediatric UC but is not suitable for the prediction of histologic healing. What is New: • Our Bayesian ordinal regression model in combination with a projection-predictive feature selection is a reproducible and objective tool to select the minimal subset of clinical and laboratory parameters to predict histologic inflammation in pediatric UC. • Histologic inflammation in pediatric UC can be non-invasively predicted based on the combination of fecal calprotectin levels and platelet count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Assessment of radiological risk due to radioactive contamination in the air for different types of laboratories in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Author

Ngan Thy, T. H., Thich, N. L., Cung, N. T., Phuong Dung, T. T., Yen Hong, H. T., and Lang, T. H.

Subjects
RADIOACTIVE contamination, RADIATION sources, DUST, AIR quality, RADIOACTIVE substances
Abstract

Background: The utilisation of radiation sources can increase radioactivity levels within radiation-applied laboratories, thereby affecting the health of individuals regularly working in such environments. This study aimed to assess the activity concentrations of radionuclides and dose rates across various research laboratories, including nuclear technique laboratories and others, in order to determine the effect of radiation sources on air quality. Materials and Methods: Dust particles in the air were collected and analysed using a low - background gamma spectrometer. The study was conducted in five distinct laboratories with varying frequencies of radioactive material usage. The differences in the activity concentrations of 40K, 232Th, 238U, 226Ra/222Rn, 228Th/220Rn, and 210Po were compared between laboratories and with different periods of the month. To assess potential risks, the annual effective dose rate resulting from dust inhalation was estimated for two adult groups (male and female). Results: High activity levels were observed in lab 1 because of the presence of radioactive sources, standard samples, and diverse environmental samples. The radioactivity levels for various radioisotopes exhibited minimal changes between the weeks of the month. Lab 1 also recorded the highest estimated radiation dose with effective doses of 2300 µSv y-1 and 1886 µSv y-1 for men and women, respectively, surpassing the recommended ICRP value of 1 mSv y-1. Conclusion: Assessment of the activity concentrations in airborne dust for different laboratory types showed that the health impacts of pollution are not significant. However, laboratories dealing with radioactive sources exhibited high radioactivity levels and should undergo frequent monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Effect of concomitant vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency on lumbar spine volumetric bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in primary hyperparathyroidism

Author

Walker, MD, Saeed, I, Lee, JA, Zhang, C, Hans, D, Lang, T, and Silverberg, SJ

Subjects
Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Nutrition, Osteoporosis, Clinical Research, Musculoskeletal, Aged, Bone Density, Cancellous Bone, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Hyperparathyroidism, Primary, Male, Middle Aged, Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Central quantitative computed tomography, Primary hyperparathyroidism, Trabecular bone score, Vitamin D deficiency, Volumetric bone density, Biomedical Engineering, Public Health and Health Services, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract

UnlabelledLower vitamin D and higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are associated with higher volumetric BMD and bone strength at the lumbar spine as measured by central quantitative computed tomography in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), but there are no differences in bone microarchitecture as measured by trabecular bone score (TBS).IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and the TBS at the lumbar spine (LS) in PHPT.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional analysis of PHPT patients with and without low 25OHD. We measured vBMD with quantitative computed tomography (cQCT) and TBS by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the LS in 52 and 88 participants, respectively.ResultsIn the cQCT cohort, those with lower vitamin D (

Published
2016

24. Are bone turnover markers associated with volumetric bone density, size, and strength in older men and women? The AGES–Reykjavik study

Author

Marques, EA, Gudnason, V, Sigurdsson, G, Lang, T, Johannesdottir, F, Siggeirsdottir, K, Launer, L, Eiriksdottir, G, and Harris, TB

Subjects
Osteoporosis, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Research, Aging, Musculoskeletal, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Bone Density, Bone Remodeling, Collagen Type I, Compressive Strength, Female, Femur Neck, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Osteocalcin, Peptide Fragments, Peptides, Procollagen, Prospective Studies, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Bone turnover markers, Cortical bone, QCT, Trabecular bone, Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abstract

UnlabelledAssociation between serum bone formation and resorption markers and bone mineral, structural, and strength variables derived from quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in a population-based cohort of 1745 older adults was assessed. The association was weak for lumbar spine and femoral neck areal and volumetric bone mineral density.IntroductionThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs; osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and procollagen type 1N propeptide (P1NP)) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-derived bone density, geometry, and strength indices in the lumbar spine and femoral neck (FN).MethodsA total of 1745 older individuals (773 men and 972 women, aged 66-92 years) from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik cohort were studied. QCT was performed in the lumbar spine and hip to estimate volumetric trabecular, cortical, and integral bone mineral density (BMD), areal BMD, bone geometry, and bone strength indices. Association between BTMs and QCT variables were explored using multivariable linear regression.ResultsMajor findings showed that all BMD measures, FN cortical index, and compressive strength had a low negative correlation with the BTM levels in both men and women. Correlations between BTMs and bone size parameters were minimal or not significant. No associations were found between BTMs and vertebral cross-sectional area in women. BTMs alone accounted for only a relatively small percentage of the bone parameter variance (1-10 %).ConclusionSerum CTX, OC, and P1NP were weakly correlated with lumbar spine and FN areal and volumetric BMD and strength measures. Most of the bone size indices were not associated with BTMs; thus, the selected bone remodeling markers do not reflect periosteal bone formation. These results confirmed the limited ability of the most sensitive established BTMs to predict bone structural integrity in older adults.

Published
2016

25. Activation of CD8+ T Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Lung

Author

Villaseñor-Altamirano, Ana B., primary, Jain, Dhawal, additional, Jeong, Yunju, additional, Menon, Jaivardhan A., additional, Kamiya, Mari, additional, Haider, Hibah, additional, Manandhar, Reshmi, additional, Sheikh, Muhammad Dawood Amir, additional, Athar, Humra, additional, Merriam, Louis T., additional, Ryu, Min Hyung, additional, Sasaki, Takanori, additional, Castaldi, Peter J., additional, Rao, Deepak A., additional, Sholl, Lynette M., additional, Vivero, Marina, additional, Hersh, Craig P., additional, Zhou, Xiaobo, additional, Veerkamp, Justus, additional, Yun, Jeong H., additional, Kim, Edy Y., additional, Koch, Markus, additional, Arduini, Alessandro, additional, Cernecka, Hana, additional, Schmidt, Nicole, additional, Laux-Biehlmann, Alexis, additional, Brockschnieder, Damian, additional, Cong, Xiaofei, additional, Engler, Anna, additional, Ibrahim, Mahmoud, additional, Kryukov, Ivan, additional, Kumawat, Kuldeep, additional, Lang, T., additional, Leathurby, Yelena, additional, Lin, Xin, additional, Meding, Joerg, additional, Neideck, Carlos, additional, Obraztsova, Kseniya, additional, Pavuluri, C., additional, Platzk, Magdalena, additional, Smith, Patrick, additional, Sohler, Florian, additional, Srivastava, Salil, additional, Srinivasa, P., additional, Strunz, Tobias, additional, Sylvia, Jody, additional, Vaas, Lea, additional, Zink, Alex, additional, Zhang, Lingyao, additional, Zeng, L., additional, Silverman, Edwin, additional, Carey, Vincent, additional, Castaldi, Peter, additional, Cho, Michael, additional, DeMeo, Dawn, additional, Hersh, Craig, additional, Hobbs, Brian, additional, Moll, Matthew, additional, Rijhwani, Heena, additional, Yun, Jeong, additional, Levy, Bruce D., additional, Tesfaigzi, Yohannes, additional, Bai, Yan, additional, Baron, Rebecca, additional, Doyle, Tracy, additional, El-Chemaly, Souheil, additional, Fredenburgh, Laura, additional, Hunninghake, G. Matt, additional, Krishnamoorthy, Nandini, additional, Mebratu, Yohannes, additional, Perrella, Mark, additional, Quintero, Joselyn Rojas, additional, Negasi, Zerihun, additional, Rahman, Mizanur, additional, Tassew, Dereje, additional, Sharma, Nirmal, additional, Tamura, Tomoyoshi, additional, Villaseñor-Altamirano, Ana B., additional, Medoff, Benjamin, additional, Abe, Elizabeth, additional, Black, Katherine, additional, Hardin, Corey, additional, Knipe, Rachel, additional, Shea, Barry, additional, Spiney, Jill, additional, Albsuharif, Mahaa, additional, Giacona, Francesca, additional, Jayaswai, Armin, additional, Keras, Greg, additional, Lee, Sool, additional, Liu, Jianyuan, additional, Pavuluri, Chandan, additional, Pham, Betty, additional, Saliba, Samuel, additional, Srivastava, Pooja, additional, Wang, Yichao, additional, and Xu, Shuang, additional

Published
2023
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26. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2013: Opening Talk

Author

Steinheimer, J., Lang, T., van Hees, H., Botvina, A. S., Gudima, K. K., Mishustin, I. N., Stöcker, H., and Bleicher, M.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We discuss several new developments in the field of strange and heavy flavor physics in high energy heavy ion collisions. As shown by many recent theoretical works, heavy flavored particles give us a unique opportunity to study the properties of systems created in these collisions. Two in particular important aspects, the production of (multi) strange hypernuclei and the properties of heavy flavor mesons, are at the core of several future facilities and will be discussed in detail., Comment: 6 pages 8 figures, Opening talk of the Strangeness in Quark Matter conference 2013

Published
2014
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28. Novel anthropomorphic hip phantom corrects systemic interscanner differences in proximal femoral vBMD

Author

Bonaretti, S, Carpenter, RD, Saeed, I, Burghardt, AJ, Yu, L, Bruesewitz, M, Khosla, S, and Lang, T

Subjects
Aging, Biomedical Imaging, Bioengineering, Clinical Research, Osteoporosis, Musculoskeletal, Aged, Body Size, Bone Density, Bone and Bones, Calibration, Female, Femur Neck, Hip, Humans, Middle Aged, Pelvis, Phantoms, Imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, quantitative computed tomography, bone mineral density, anthropomorphic hip phantom, inter-scanner differences, body size, Other Physical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Abstract

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is increasingly used in osteoporosis studies to assess volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone quality and strength. However, QCT is confronted by technical issues in the clinical research setting, such as potentially confounding effects of body size on vBMD measurements and lack of standard approaches to scanner cross-calibration, which affects measurements of vBMD in multicenter settings. In this study, we addressed systematic inter-scanner differences and subject-dependent body size errors using a novel anthropomorphic hip phantom, containing a calibration hip to estimate correction equations, and a contralateral test hip to assess the quality of the correction. We scanned this phantom on four different scanners and we applied phantom-derived corrections to in vivo images of 16 postmenopausal women scanned on two scanners. From the phantom study, we found that vBMD decreased with increasing phantom size in three of four scanners and that inter-scanner variations increased with increasing phantom size. In the in vivo study, we observed that inter-scanner corrections reduced systematic inter-scanner mean vBMD differences but that the inter-scanner precision error was still larger than expected from known intra-scanner precision measurements. In conclusion, inter-scanner corrections and body size influence should be considered when measuring vBMD from QCT images.

Published
2014

31. Quantum phase transitions in the Kane-Mele-Hubbard model

Author

Hohenadler, M., Meng, Z. Y., Lang, T. C., Wessel, S., Muramatsu, A., and Assaad, F. F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We study the two-dimensional Kane-Mele-Hubbard model at half filling by means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We present a refined phase boundary for the quantum spin liquid. The topological insulator at finite Hubbard interaction strength is adiabatically connected to the groundstate of the Kane-Mele model. In the presence of spin-orbit coupling, magnetic order at large Hubbard U is restricted to the transverse direction. The transition from the topological band insulator to the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator is in the universality class of the three-dimensional XY model. The numerical data suggest that the spin liquid to topological insulator and spin liquid to Mott insulator transitions are both continuous., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures; final version; new Figs. 4(b) and 8(b)

Published
2011
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32. Correlation Effects in Quantum Spin-Hall Insulators: A Quantum Monte Carlo Study

Author

Hohenadler, M., Lang, T. C., and Assaad, F. F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We consider the Kane-Mele model with spin-orbit coupling supplemented by a Hubbard U term. On the basis of projective auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo simulations on lattice sizes up to 15 x 15, we map out the phase diagram. The quantum spin-liquid state found in the Hubbard model is shown to be robust against weak spin-orbit interaction, and is not adiabatically connected to the spin-Hall insulating state. Beyond a critical value of U > U_c both states are unstable toward magnetic ordering. Within the quantum spin-Hall state we study the spin, charge and single-particle dynamics of the helical Luttinger liquid by retaining the Hubbard interaction only on the edge of a ribbon. The Hubbard interaction greatly suppresses charge currents along the edge, promotes edge magnetism, but leaves the single-particle signatures of the helical liquid intact., Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures; to appear in PRL

Published
2010
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33. Quantum spin-liquid emerging in two-dimensional correlated Dirac fermions

Author

Meng, Z. Y., Lang, T. C., Wessel, S., Assaad, F. F., and Muramatsu, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

At sufficiently low temperatures, condensed-matter systems tend to develop order. An exception are quantum spin-liquids, where fluctuations prevent a transition to an ordered state down to the lowest temperatures. While such states are possibly realized in two-dimensional organic compounds, they have remained elusive in experimentally relevant microscopic two-dimensional models. Here, we show by means of large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations of correlated fermions on the honeycomb lattice, a structure realized in graphene, that a quantum spin-liquid emerges between the state described by massless Dirac fermions and an antiferromagnetically ordered Mott insulator. This unexpected quantum-disordered state is found to be a short-range resonating valence bond liquid, akin to the one proposed for high temperature superconductors. Therefore, the possibility of unconventional superconductivity through doping arises. We foresee its realization with ultra-cold atoms or with honeycomb lattices made with group IV elements., Comment: 42 pages, 4 figures in the main text, 11 figures in the Supplementary Information

Published
2010
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34. Magnetic field induced semimetal-to-canted-antiferromagnet transition on the honeycomb lattice

Author

Bercx, M., Lang, T. C., and Assaad, F. F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

It is shown that the semimetallic state of the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice with a point-like Fermi surface is unstable towards a canted antiferromagnetic insulator upon application of an in-plane magnetic field. This instability is already present at the mean-field level; the magnetic field shifts the up- and the down-spin cones in opposite directions thereby generating a finite density of states at the Fermi surface and a perfect nesting between the up- and the down-spin Fermi sheets. This perfect nesting triggers a canted antiferromagnetic insulating state. Our conclusions, based on mean-field arguments, are confirmed by auxiliary field projective quantum Monte Carlo methods on lattices up to $12 \times 12$ unit cells., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures

Published
2009
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35. Cubic boron nitride: a new prospective material for ultracold neutron application

Author

Sobolev, Yu., Lauer, Th., Borisov, Yu., Daum, M., Fresne, N. du, Goeltl, L., Hampel, G., Heil, W., Knecht, A., Keunecke, M., Kratz, J. V., Lang, T., Meister, M., Plonka-Spehr, Ch., Pokotilovski, Yu., Reichert, P., Schmidt, U., Krist, Th., Wiehl, N., and Zenner, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

For the first time, the neutron optical wall-potential of natural cubic boron nitride (cBN) was measured at the ultracold neutron (UCN) source of the research reactor TRIGA Mainz using the time-of-flight method (TOF). The samples investigated had a wall-potential of (305 +/- 15) neV. This value is in good agreement with the result extracted from neutron reflectometry data and theoretical expectations. Because of its high critical velocity for UCN and its good dielectric characteristics, cubic boron nitride coatings (isotopically enriched) will be useful for a number of applications in UCN experiments.

Published
2009
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39. Diagrammatic Determinantal methods: projective schemes and applications to the Hubbard-Holstein model

Author

Assaad, F. F. and Lang, T. C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We extend the weak-coupling diagrammatic determinantal algorithm to projective schemes as well as to the inclusion of phonon degrees of freedom. The projective approach provides a very efficient algorithm to access zero temperature properties. To implement phonons, we integrate them out in favor of a retarded density-density interaction and simulate the resulting purely electronic action with the weak-coupling diagrammatic determinantal algorithm. Both extensions are tested within the dynamical mean field approximation for the Hubbard and Hubbard-Holstein models., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, final version as appeared in PRB

Published
2007
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40. Finite-temperature investigation of quarter filled ladder systems

Author

Gabriel, C., Sherman, E., Lang, T. C., Aichhorn, M., and Evertz, H. G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We investigate charge ordering in a quarter-filled ladder at finite temperature by determinantal Quantum Monte Carlo. The sign problem is moderate in a wide range of model parameters relevant for NaV2O5. The charge order parameter exhibits a crossover as a function of inverse temperature on finite systems. Above a critical nearest neighbor Coulomb repulsion, the correlation length grows exponentially with inverse temperature, indicative of the ordered phase at T=0. We find a clear single-particle gap manifesting itself in a flat n(\mu) dependence at large nearest neighbor Coulomb repulsion., Comment: 2 pages, 4 eps-figures, submitted to SCES04

Published
2004
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42. An international assessment of the adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) principles across colorectal units in 2019–2020

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Pinkney T., Taylor H., Tong C., Schmitz N. -D., Morton D. G., Pinkney T. D., Bhangu A., Blackwell S., Dardanov D., Dulskas A., Gallo G., Glasbey J., Keatley J., Knowles C., Li Y. E., McCourt V., Minaya-Bravo A., Neary P., Nepogodiev D., Pata F., Pellino G., Sivrikoz E., van Ramshorst G., Zmora O., Perry R., Magill E. L., Abdalkoddus M., Abelevich A., Abraham S., Abraham-Nordling M., Adamina M., Agalar C., Agresta F., Ahallat M., Ahmad N., Aiupov R., Akca O., Aleksic A., Aleotti F., Alias D., Alonso J., Alonso Goncalves S., Alonso Martin J., Alonso Poza A., Alonso-Hernandez N., Alos Company R., Al-Saeedi M., Alvarez-Laso C., Alvarez-Gallego M., Amanatidis T., Americano M., Amorim E., Anandan L., Anania G., Ancans G., Andreev P., Andrejevic P., Antonacci N., Anwer M., Aonzo P., Arencibia B., Argeny S., Arieli H., Arnold S., Ashraf M., Aslam M., Atanasov B., Atif M., Atladottir J., Avital S., Awny S., Aytac B., Azahr N., Aznar-Puig S., Bailey S., Balalis D., Baldi C., Baldonedo R., Balducci G., Balestra F., Balestri R., Balfour A., Baloyiannis I., Banky B., Baral J., Baranyai Z., Barbashinov N., Bargallo J., Barisic G., Barugola G., Batashki I., Battersby N., Belev N., Belli A., Beltran de Heredia J., Bemelman W., Benavides Buleje J., Benckert A., Bernal-Sprekelsen J., Bertocchi E., Beuran M., Bhan C., Bianco F., Bilali S., Bilali V., Bintintan V., Birindelli A., Birsan T., Blanco Antona F., Blas J., Blasco-Segura T., Blom R., Bocchetti T., Boerma E., Bogdan M., Boland M., Bomans B., Borda N., Bowen M., Bradulskis S., Branagan G., Brankovic B., Brenna M., Brewer H., Broadhurst J., Bronder C., Brouwer R., Buccianti P., Buchs N., Buchwald P., Bugatti A., Bui A., Burcos T., Buskens C., Bustamante C., Caceres N., Cagigas Fernandez C., Calero-Lillo A., Camps I., Canda A., Caravaca-Garcia I., Carballo F., Carcoforo P., Carlander J., Carlos S., Caro A., Carpelan A., Carrasco Prats M., Carrillo Lopez M., Carvello M., Casal E., Casoni Pattacini G., Castellvi Valls J., Castillo Diego J., Cavallesco G., Cavenaile V., Cayetano L., Ceccotti A., Cervera-Aldama J., Chabok A., Chafai N., Chandrasinghe P., Chandratreya N., Chaudhri S., Chaudhry Z., Cherdancev D., Chernov A., Chevallay M., Chirletti P., Chouillard E., Chouliaras C., Chowdri N., Cillo M., Cini C., Ciubotaru C., Ciuce C., Claeys D., Cocorullo G., Codina-Cazador A., Colak E., Coletta D., Colombo F., Copaescu C., Corte Real J., Corver M., Cosic J., Costa S., Costa Pereira J., Costa Pereira C., Costa-Navarro D., Cotte E., Cracco N., Cristian D., Cuadrado M., Cuk V., Cunha M., Cunha J., Curinga R., Curletti G., Curtis N., Dabic D., Dainius E., d'Alessandro A., Daniels I., Darvin V., Dauser B., David G., Davidova O., Davies E., de Andres Asenjo B., De franciscis S., de Graaf E., De la Portilla F., De Luca E., De Nisco C., De Toma G., Defoort B., Den Boer F., Di Candido F., Di Saverio S., Diaz Pavon J., Dieguez Fernandez B., Diez-Alonso M., Dimitrijevic I., Dindelegan G., Djuric M., Domingos H., Doornebosch P., Dos Santos M., Drami I., Dudarovaska H., Dusek T., Dzhumabaev H., Eden Y., Egenvall M., Eismiontas V., El Sorogy M., Elgeidie A., Elhemaly M., El-Hussuna A., Ellul S., Elmore U., ElNakeeb A., Elrefai M., Emile S., Enrriquez-Navascues J., Epstein J., Escartin J., Escola D., Escuder J., Espin E., Espina B., Estefania D., Etienne J., Fabbri S., Falato A., Fares R., Farina P., Farkasova M., Farres R., Fasolini F., Fatayer T., Febles G., Feliu F., Feo C., Feoktistov D., Fernandez F., Fernandez Isart M., Fernando J., Ferreira G., Ferrer R., Ferreras Garcia C., Ferri M., Figueiredo N., Finotti E., Fitzgerald J., Flateh Backe I., Flor-Lorente B., Forero-Torres A., Foschi D., Francart D., Francois Y., Frasson M., Freil-Lanter C., Frois Borges M., Fuzun M., Gala T., Galleano R., Galvez P., Galvez Saldana A., Gamundi Cuesta M., Garcia Cabrera A., Garcia Egea J., Garcia Olmo D., Garcia-Gonzalez J., Garcia-Granero A., Garcia-Granero E., Garcia-Septiem J., Gardea A., Garipov M., Gefen R., Geraghty A., Gerkis S., Germanos S., Ghaffari S., Ghilles E., Gianotti L., Gil Santos M., Gilsanz Martin C., Gingert C., Gklavas A., Glehen O., Golda T., Gomez N., Gomez R., Gomez Ruiz M., Gonzalez Santin V., Graham B., Grainger J., Grama F., Gregoir T., Gregori M., Grolich T., Grosek J., Guadalajara H., Guckenheimer S., Guevara J., Gulotta G., Gupta S., Gurevich N., Gurjar S., Haapaniemi S., Hahnloser D., Hamad Y., Hamid M., Hanly A., Harris G., Harsanyi L., Hartig N., Hawkin P., Henriques P., Herbst F., Hermann N., Hernandez Garcia M., Hoch J., Hrora A., Huhtinen H., Iarumov N., Ilkanich A., Insua C., Ioannidis P., Iqbal M., Iqbal A., Isik A., Ismaiel M., Ivlev D., Jadhav V., Jareno S., Jehaes C., Jimenez V., Jimenez-Toscano M., Jimenez-Miramon J., Jimenez-Rodriguez R., Jonsson T., Jotautas V., Julia D., Juloski J., Jung B., Kala Z., Kalayci M., Kara Y., Karachun A., Karagul S., Karvonen J., Katorkin S., Katsoulis I., Katsounis D., Kaubrys M., Kaul N., Kefalou E., Keijzers M., Kelly M., Kenic M., Kennelly R., Khan J., Khan M., Kho H., Kinas V., Knight J., Kocian P., Koeter T., Kokobelyan A., Konsten J., Koolen L., Kosir J., Kostic I., Krdzic I., Kreisler Moreno E., Krivokapic Z., Krstev P., Krsul D., Kumarasinghe N., La Torre F., Labarga F., Ladra M., Lage Laredo A., Lahodzich N., Lai C., Lakkis Z., Lal R., Lamas S., Lang T., Latkauskas T., Lawes D., Lazar G., Lebedev K., Lebedeva M., Lefevre J., Lekic Vitlov V., Lemma M., Leo C., Leon C., Leventoglu S., Levy B., Li L., Licari L., Lizdenis P., Loftas P., Longhi M., Longstaff L., Lopez Dominguez J., Lopez-Lara M., Lora P., Lorenzon L., Lorusso D., Lozev I., Lozoya Trujillo R., Lukic D., Lunins R., Luzan R., Luzzi A., Maderuelo V., Madsboll T., Mahotin D., Majbar M., Makhmudov A., Malik K., Maly O., Mamaloudis I., Mamedli Z., Manatakis D., Mandi D., Mangell P., Marharint T., Mariani N., Maric B., Marimuthu K., Marinello F., Marino F., Markiewicz S., Markovic V., Marom G., Maroni N., Maroulis I., Marsanic P., Marsman H., Martens M., Marti M., Martinek L., Martinez S., Martinez D., Martinez Manzano A., Martins R., Maslyankov S., McArdle K., McDermott F., Mege D., Mehraj A., Mehta A., Mendrila D., Menendez P., Mercantini P., Metwally I., Mikalauskas S., Millan M., Mingoli A., Mirshekar-Syahkal B., Moggia E., Mohan S., Moller P., Mompart Garcia S., Monami B., Moniz Pereira P., Montroni I., Morel P., Moshev B., Mostovoy E., Mothe S., Mukhtar H., Muller P., Munch S., Munoz Camarena J., Munoz-Collado S., Muratore A., Muscara F., Muysoms F., Myrelid P., N. Lah N., Nail S., Narayanan A., Nastos K., Negoi I., Nesbakken A., Nestler G., Nestorovic M., Nesytykh A., Newton K., Ng Y., Ngu J., Nguyen B., Nijs Y., Nikberg M., Nimmersgern T., Nogues E., Norcic G., Nutautiene V., Nygren J., O'Brien J., Ochogavia Segui A., O'Kelly J., Oliveira-Cunha M., Omar W., Omar G., Onishchenko S., Onody P., Opocher E., Orhalmi J., Oshowo A., Otero J., Ozgen U., Pace K., Padin H., Papaconstantinou I., Papadopoulos A., Papadopoulos G., Papandrea M., Paral J., Parc Y., Paredes J., Parmar M., Parra Banos P., Parray F., Pascual Damieta M., Pascual Miguelanez I., Passot G., Pastor C., Paszt A., Patel P., Paterson H., Patron Uriburu J., Paulos A., Pavlov V., Pcolkins A., Pecic V., Pena Ros E., Penkov R., Pera Roman M., Perunicic V., Pery R., Petrovic D., Pezzolla F., Photi E., Pikarsky A., Piramanayagam B., Pisani Ceretti A., Planellas P., Platt E., Pletinckx P., Podda M., Poskus T., Poskus E., Pozdnyakov A., Pravosudov I., Previsic A., Prieto D., Prochazka V., Prodan A., Proud D., Psaila J., Psaras G., Pulighe F., Pullig F., Qureshi M., Rachadell J., Radovanovic Z., Radovanovic D., Raguan B., Rahman M., Raiss M., Ramirez Faraco M., Ramos J., Ramos-Prada J., Rantala A., Rao M., Rasulov A., Ratnatunga K., Raymond T., Refky B., Reggiani L., Regusci L., Reyes Diaz M., Richardson J., Richiteanu G., Rios A., Ris F., Rodriguez Garcia P., Roffi N., Romairone E., Romano G., Romero I., Romero de Diego A., Romero-Simo M., Roque C., Rosati R., Rossi B., Rossi E., Rossini R., Ruano A., Rubbini M., Rubio-Perez I., Ruffo G., Ruiz H., Ruiz Carmona M., Ryska O., Sabia D., Sacchi M., Sacco R., Sakr A., Saladzinskas Z., Salamone G., Salomon M., Salvans Ruiz S., Sammarco G., Sampietro G., Samsonov D., Samsonyuk V., Sanchez J., Sanchez Romero A., Sanchez-Guillen L., Santak G., Santamaria-Olabarrieta M., Santos J., Saraceno F., Saralegui Y., Sarici I., Savino G., Scabini S., Schafli J., Schiltz B., Schofield A., Schon M., Scurtu R., Segalini E., Segelman J., Segura-Sampedro J., Seicean R., Sekulic A., Selniahina L., Seretis F., Serrano Paz P., Shaikh I., Shalaby M., Shams N., Sharma A., Sharma G., Shukla A., Shussman N., Shweejawee Z., Sielezneff I., Sigurdsson H., Sileri P., Silva M., Simcikas D., Simoes J., Simonka Z., Singh B., Sivins A., Skroubis G., Skull A., Slavchev M., Slavin M., Smart N., Smart C., Smart P., Smedh K., Smolarek S., Sokmen S., Sokolov M., Solana Bueno A., Solar L., Sorrentino L., Sotona O., Spacca D., Spinelli A., Stanojevic G., Stearns A., Stefan S., Stift A., Stijns J., Stoyanov V., Straarup D., Strupas K., Stubbs B., Subocius A., Sudlow A., Suero C., Sungurtekin U., Svagzdys S., Syk I., Tamelis A., Tamhane R., Tamini N., Tamosiunas A., Tanis P., Tarasov N., Tate S., Tennakoon A., Teo N., Terzi C., Tezas S., Thabet W., Tham J., Thavanesan N., Theodosopoulos T., Thomas W., Tiret E., Tiselius C., Todorov G., Tomazic A., Tomulescu V., Torkington J., Totis M., Trostchansky I., Truan N., Tulchinsky H., Tutino R., 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Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Prehabilitation, medicine.medical_treatment, MEDLINE, Colorectal Neoplasm, Perioperative Care, NO, medicine, Humans, 03.02. Klinikai orvostan, Perioperative Optimisation, Enhanced recovery after surgery, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, LS7_4, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), business.industry, Gastroenterology, Digestive System Surgical Procedure, Guideline, Colorectal surgery, Surgery, Family medicine, Perioperative care, Nasogastric intubation, Preoperative fasting, Colorectal Neoplasms, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, business, Colorectal Surgery, Human
Abstract

Aim The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS® ) Society guidelines aim to standardise perioperative care in colorectal surgery via 25 principles. We aimed to assess the variation in uptake of these principles across an international network of colorectal units. Method An online survey was circulated amongst European Society of Coloproctology members in 2019/20. For each ERAS® principle, respondents were asked to score how frequently the principle was implemented in their hospital, from 1 ('rarely') to 4 ('always'). Respondents were also asked to recall whether practice had changed since 2017. Subgroup analyses based on hospital characteristics were conducted. Results Of hospitals approached, 58% responded to the survey (195/335), with 296 individual responses (multiple responses were received from some hospitals). The majority were European (163/195 [83.6%]). Overall, respondents indicated they 'most often' or 'always' adhered to most individual ERAS® principles (18/25 [72%]). Variability in uptake of principles was reported, with universal uptake of some principles (e.g., prophylactic antibiotics; early mobilisation) and inconsistency from 'rarely' to 'always' in others (e.g., no nasogastric intubation; no preoperative fasting and carbohydrate drinks). In alignment with 2018 ERAS® guideline updates, adherence to principles for prehabilitation, managing anaemia, and postoperative nutrition appears to have increased since 2017. Conclusions Uptake of ERAS® principles varied across hospitals, and not all 25 principles were equally adhered to. Whilst some principles exhibited a high level of acceptance, others had a wide variability in uptake indicative of controversy or barriers to uptake. Further research into specific principles is required to improve ERAS® implementation.

Published
2021

43. Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment

Author

Lang, T., Streeper, T., Cawthon, P., Baldwin, K., Taaffe, D. R., and Harris, T. B.

Subjects
Medicine & Public Health, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Gynecology, Orthopedics, Aging, Falls, Imaging, Muscle strength, Sarcopenia, Skeletal muscle
Abstract

The aging process is associated with loss of muscle mass and strength and decline in physical functioning. The term sarcopenia is primarily defined as low level of muscle mass resulting from age-related muscle loss, but its definition is often broadened to include the underlying cellular processes involved in skeletal muscle loss as well as their clinical manifestations. The underlying cellular changes involve weakening of factors promoting muscle anabolism and increased expression of inflammatory factors and other agents which contribute to skeletal muscle catabolism. At the cellular level, these molecular processes are manifested in a loss of muscle fiber cross-sectional area, loss of innervation, and adaptive changes in the proportions of slow and fast motor units in muscle tissue. Ultimately, these alterations translate to bulk changes in muscle mass, strength, and function which lead to reduced physical performance, disability, increased risk of fall-related injury, and, often, frailty. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia and age-related changes in muscle tissue morphology and function. We also discuss the resulting long-term outcomes in terms of loss of function, which causes increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries and other morbidities, leading to frailty and loss of independence.

Published
2010

46. Ultrafast Laser Systems for High Repetition Rate FELs

Author

Ahmed, A., primary, Akcaalan, O., additional, Alisauskas, S., additional, Cankaya, H., additional, Cirmi, G., additional, Darvill, J., additional, Grosse-Wortmann, U., additional, Hariton, V., additional, Hartl, I., additional, Hartwell, S., additional, Heyl, C.M., additional, Hua, Y., additional, Jiang, Y., additional, Lang, T., additional, Pressacco, F., additional, Seidel, M., additional, Swiderski, A., additional, Tavakol, H., additional, Tajalli, A., additional, Tünnermann, H., additional, Kazemi, M., additional, Li, C., additional, Mahnke, C., additional, Mohr, C., additional, and Zheng, J., additional

Published
2023
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