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Purpose: To better understand the sensory impact of retinal exam components typically experienced by infants undergoing various retinopathy of prematurity staging examinations, adults concerned for infant welfare and exam quality underwent similar exams to compare their perceived stress.Patients and Methods: Adults directly involved with ROP exams and infant stress reduction had cardiac monitoring and concomitant ordinal self symptom-score (1– 10 Likert) during 15 components of the exam including lid speculum, various scleral depressors, indirect ophthalmoscopy, goniolens and direct ophthalmoscopy and retinal photography (Phoenix ICON) with or without topical anesthesia.Results: Nine adults provided impressions and cardiac rhythm gathered supine over 15 minutes. Pain score for topical anesthetic 2 was less than for tropicamide 4. Lid specula numb scored a median 2 level (from 1 to 10) pain but without anesthetic scored 6. The goniolens numb scored 3. Scleral depression numb scored 3– 4 but increased to 7 without topical anesthesia. Direct ophthalmoscope scored 3 through the goniolens and the retinal camera scored 4 pain. Brightness with low 350 Lux indirect scored 6– 8 numb and 9 brightness without anesthetic. Full bright indirect, direct ophthalmoscope and the retinal camera all had Lux of 3000– 4000 and were scored brightness 9, 7 and 10, respectively. Adults had minimal oculocardiac reflex during on-globe retinal examination methods (range 98% to 102%).Conclusion: Topical anesthesia provided a moderate reduction in pain during on-globe lid-speculum, scleral depressed indirect examination. There was a synergistic augmented sensory response between pain and brightness. Adults did not show the bradycardia typically elicited by retinal examinations in premature infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: SM reports consultancy, research funding from AbbVie and Blueprint Medicines; consultancy, research funding, honoraria from Acceleron Pharma and BMS/Celgene; honoraria from Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation and Partnership for Health Analytic Research, LLC; consultancy from BioPharm and Genentech; consultancy, honoraria from EUSA Pharma; research funding from Jazz Pharmaceuticals; honoraria, hematology‐oncology board review editor from McGraw Hill; and consultancy, research funding from Novartis. CB‐B, EB, and JL report employment from Cardinal Health Specialty Solutions. AF and MG report employment at the time of this study from Cardinal Health Specialty Solutions. AYM reports employment and stock ownership from Bristol Myers Squibb. DH and AM report employment from Bristol Myers Squibb.

This article reviews research highlights in the field of thoracic anesthesia. The highlights of this year included new developments in the preoperative assessment and prehabilitation of patients requiring thoracic surgery, updates on the use of devices for one-lung ventilation (OLV) in adults and children, updates on the anesthetic and postoperative management of these patients, including protective OLV ventilation, the use of opioid-sparing techniques and regional anesthesia, and outcomes using enhanced recovery after surgery, as well as the use of expanding indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, specialized anesthetic techniques for airway surgery, and nonintubated video-assisted thoracic surgery., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)