60 results on '"Lane KE"'
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2. Chapter Three. Would a Bigger Government Hurt the Economy?
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Jon Bakija, Lane Kenworthy, Peter Lindert, and Jeff Madrick
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- 2016
3. Index
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Jon Bakija, Lane Kenworthy, Peter Lindert, and Jeff Madrick
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- 2016
4. Notes
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Jon Bakija, Lane Kenworthy, Peter Lindert, and Jeff Madrick
- Published
- 2016
5. Chapter Four. Thinking Sensibly about the Size of Government
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Jon Bakija, Lane Kenworthy, Peter Lindert, and Jeff Madrick
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- 2016
6. Chapter Two. Are Government Social Programs Bad for Economic Growth?
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Jon Bakija, Lane Kenworthy, Peter Lindert, and Jeff Madrick
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- 2016
7. Preface
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Jon Bakija, Lane Kenworthy, Peter Lindert, and Jeff Madrick
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- 2016
8. Contents
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Jon Bakija, Lane Kenworthy, Peter Lindert, and Jeff Madrick
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- 2016
9. Chapter One. Can Government Help?
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Jon Bakija, Lane Kenworthy, Peter Lindert, and Jeff Madrick
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- 2016
10. Title Page, Copyright
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Jon Bakija, Lane Kenworthy, Peter Lindert, and Jeff Madrick
- Published
- 2016
11. Over Rock and Under Stone: Carved Rocks and Subterranean Burials at Kipia, Ancash, AD 1000 – 1532
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Lane Kevin, Pomeroy Emma, and Davila Milton Reynaldo Lújan
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ancash highlands ,death ,huaca ,huanca ,late prehispanic period ,pacarina ,pukullo-type subterranean tomb ,water ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Research in the Andes has yielded evidence for a complex association between settlement sites and mortuary monuments, tied to concepts of death, ancestor veneration and water. The Huaylas-Inca and later Spanish colonial site of Kipia in the Cordillera Negra of the Ancash Highlands, North-Central Andes is a multi-faceted site, that contains a small settlement core, and a cosmological centre which includes carved rocks (huancas), niches and offerings. This, in turn backs onto a necropolis composed of a series of subterranean tombs (pukullo). In association, these features directly reference the surrounding agro-pastoralist landscape. In particular they evoke neighbouring lakes as possible foci of ethnogenesis or pacarinas. The relation between ceremonial sites and cemeteries is crucial to understanding Andean concepts of death and renewal. In this article, alongside a detailed description of the site, we provide a preliminary analysis of the contents of one of the pukullo. In turn, these results are placed within their landscape context to discuss issues related to sacrality, water and death.
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- 2018
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12. Reductive Drug Metabolism
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Mc Lane Ke, Jed F. Fisher, and K. Ramakrishnan
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NAD metabolism ,Sulfides ,NADP metabolism ,Chloroplast Thioredoxins ,Thioredoxins ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ,Biotransformation ,Glutaredoxin ,Animals ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Glutaredoxins ,Plant Proteins ,Chemistry ,Proteins ,Oxidation reduction ,NAD ,Enzymes ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Biochemistry ,Proteins metabolism ,Epoxy Compounds ,Oxidoreductases ,Oxidation-Reduction ,NADP ,Drug metabolism ,Nitroso Compounds - Published
- 1983
13. Targeting the vegetarian market with an omega-3 enriched yogurt – but is it acceptable from a sensory perspective?
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Lane, KE
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RA0421
14. Vegetarians and omega-3 fatty acids: a review of the options
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Lane, KE
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RA0421
15. Nanoemulsion of high DHA vegetarian algal oil enhances DHA bioavailability – a randomised crossover trial
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Lane, KE and Derbyshire, E
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RA0421
16. Sensory evaluation of a yogurt drink containing an omega-3 nanoemulsion with enhanced bioavailability
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Lane, KE
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RA0421
17. Nanoemulsion of vegetarian omega-3 fatty acids may enhance bioavailability – a preliminary trial
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Lane, KE
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RA0421
18. Product shelf life evaluation of an enriched yogurt drink containing an omega-3 nanoemulsion with enhanced bioavailability
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Lane, KE
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TP ,TX ,QR - Abstract
The aim of the present single-blinded sensory evaluation study was to determine whether study participants (n=62) could detect differences when an algae oil nanoemulsion was integrated with a strawberry yogurt and tasted after storage over 2, 9 and 16 days at 4°C. All samples were prepared using breakfast drinking yogurt, natural sweetener and strawberry flavouring. Products were fortified with nanoemulsified high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) algae oil to give a dose of 632mg DHA/100g yogurt. A full microbial analysis over 23 days established product safety.
19. Clinical evaluation on plantar keratosis using the Dermo-Jet
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Lane, KE, primary
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- 1966
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20. Effects of Single Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Meal Consumption on Postprandial Lipemia and Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.
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Wilson ML, Lane KE, Fadel A, Dawson EA, Moore E, Mazidi M, Webb RJ, and Davies IG
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Context: Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is associated with increased risk of endothelial dysfunction (ED), a precursor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The effects of low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets on ASCVD risk are uncertain; therefore, gaining a greater understanding of LCHF meals on PPL may provide valuable insights., Objective: The current systematic review investigated the effects of single LCHF meal consumption on PPL and markers of ED., Data Sources: CINAHL Plus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for key terms related to endothelial function, cardiovascular disease, glycemia, lipemia, and the postprandial state with no restriction on date., Data Extraction: Full-text articles were independently screened by 2 reviewers, of which 16 studies were eligible to be included in the current review. All trials reported a minimum analysis of postprandial triglycerides (PPTG) following consumption of an LCHF meal (<26% of energy as carbohydrate). Results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement., Data Analysis: Single-meal macronutrient composition was found to play a key role in determining postprandial lipid and lipoprotein responses up to 8 hours post-meal. Consumption of LCHF meals increased PPTG and may contribute to ED via reduced flow-mediated dilation and increased oxidative stress; however, energy and macronutrient composition varied considerably between studies., Conclusion: Consumption of an LCHF meal had a negative impact on PPL based on some, but not all, single-meal studies; therefore, the contribution of LCHF meals to cardiometabolic health outcomes remains unclear. Further research is needed on specific categories of LCHF diets to establish a causal relationship between postprandial modulation of lipids/lipoproteins and impaired vascular endothelial function., Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD 42023398774., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.)
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- 2024
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21. Evaluating the Stability and Digestibility of Long-Chain Omega-3 Algal Oil Nanoemulsions Prepared with Lecithin and Tween 40 Emulsifiers Using an In Vitro Digestion Model.
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Zhou Q, Lane KE, and Li W
- Abstract
The health benefits of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3PUFA) intake have been well documented. However, currently, the consumption of oily fish (the richest dietary source of LCn-3PUFA) in the UK is far below the recommended level, and the low digestibility of LCn-3PUFA bulk oil-based supplements from triglyceride-based sources significantly impacts their bioavailability. LCn-3PUFA-rich microalgal oil offers a potential alternative for populations who do not consume oily fish, and nanoemulsions have the potential to increase LCn-3PUFA digestibility and bioavailability. The aims of this study were to produce stable algal oil-in-water nanoemulsions with ultrasonic technology to increase DHA digestibility, measured using an in vitro digestion model. A nanoemulsion of LCn-3PUFA algal oil was developed with 6% w / w emulsifiers: lecithin (LE) or an equal ratio of Tween 40 (3%) and lecithin (LTN) (3%), 50% w / w , algal oil and 44% w / w water using rotor-stator and ultrasound homogenization. The in vitro digestion experiments were conducted with a gastric and duodenal digestion model. The results showed the creation of nanoemulsions of LCn-3PUFA algal oils offers potentially significant increases in the bioavailability of DHA in the human body. The increase in digestibility can be attributed to the smaller particle size of the nanoemulsions, which allows for higher absorption in the digestive system. This showed that the creation of nanoemulsions of LCn-3PUFA algal oils offers a potentially significant increase in the bioavailability of DHA in the human body. The LE and LTN nanoemulsions had average droplet sizes of 0.340 ± 0.00 µm and 0.267 ± 0.00 µm, respectively, but the algal oil mix (sample created with same the components as the LTN nanoemulsion, hand mixed, not processed by rotor-stator and ultrasound homogenization) had an average droplet size of 73.6 ± 6.98 µm. The LTN algal oil nanoemulsion was stable in the gastric and duodenal phases without detectable destabilization; however, the LE nanoemulsion showed signs of oil phase separation in the gastric phase. Under the same conditions, the amount of DHA digested from the LTN nanoemulsion was 47.34 ± 3.14 mg/g, compared to 16.53 ± 0.45 mg/g from the algal oil mix, showing DHA digestibility from the LTN nanoemulsion was 2.86 times higher. The findings of this study contribute to the insight of in vitro DHA digestion under different conditions. The stability of the LTN nanoemulsion throughout digestion suggests it could be a promising delivery system for LCn-3PUFAs, such as DHA, in various food and pharmaceutical applications.
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- 2024
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22. Vestibular Implant Surgery.
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Schoo DP, Ward BK, Chow MR, Ayiotis AI, Fernández Brillet C, Boutros PJ, Lane KE, Lee CN, Morris BJ, Carey JP, and Della Santina CC
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- Humans, Prostheses and Implants, Vestibule, Labyrinth surgery, Bilateral Vestibulopathy
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- 2024
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23. Patient-Reported Outcomes After Vestibular Implantation for Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction.
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Ayiotis AI, Schoo DP, Fernandez Brillet C, Lane KE, Carey JP, and Della Santina CC
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- Adult, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Activities of Daily Living, Cohort Studies, Prospective Studies, Vertigo diagnosis, Dizziness etiology, Vestibular Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Importance: Standard-of-care treatment proves inadequate for many patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH). Vestibular implantation is an emerging alternative., Objective: To examine patient-reported outcomes from prosthetic vestibular stimulation., Design, Setting, and Participants: The Multichannel Vestibular Implant (MVI) Early Feasibility Study is an ongoing prospective, nonrandomized, single-group, single-center cohort study conducted at Johns Hopkins Hospital that has been active since 2016 in which participants serve as their own controls. The study includes adults with severe or profound adult-onset BVH for at least 1 year and inadequate compensation despite standard-of-care treatment. As of March 2023, 12 candidates completed the eligibility screening process., Intervention: The MVI system electrically stimulates semicircular canal branches of the vestibular nerve to convey head rotation., Main Outcomes and Measures: Patient-reported outcome instruments assessing dizziness (Dizziness Handicap Inventory [DHI]) and vestibular-related disability (Vestibular Disorders-Activities of Daily Living [VADL]). Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) assessed using the Short Form-36 Utility (SF36U) and Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3), from which quality-adjusted life-years were computed., Results: Ten individuals (5 female [50%]; mean [SD] age, 58.5 [5.0] years; range, 51-66 years) underwent unilateral implantation. A control group of 10 trial applicants (5 female [50%]; mean [SD] age, 55.1 [8.5] years; range, 42-73 years) completed 6-month follow-up surveys after the initial application. After 0.5 years of continuous MVI use, a pooled mean (95% CI) of within-participant changes showed improvements in dizziness (DHI, -36; 95% CI, -55 to -18), vestibular disability (VADL, -1.7; 95% CI, -2.6 to -0.7), and HRQOL by SF36U (0.12; 95% CI, 0.07-0.17) but not HUI3 (0.02; 95% CI, -0.22 to 0.27). Improvements exceeded minimally important differences in the direction of benefit (exceeding 18, 0.65, and 0.03, respectively, for DHI, VADL, and SF36U). The control group reported no mean change in dizziness (DHI, -4; 95% CI, -10 to 2), vestibular disability (VADL, 0.1; 95% CI, -0.9 to 1.1) or HRQOL per SF36U (0; 95% CI, -0.06 to 0.05) but an increase in HRQOL per HUI3 (0.10; 95% CI, 0.04-0.16). Lifetime HRQOL gain for MVI users was estimated to be 1.7 quality-adjusted life-years (95% CI, 0.6-2.8) using SF36U and 1.4 (95% CI, -1.2 to 4.0) using HUI3., Conclusions and Relevance: This cohort study found that vestibular implant recipients report vestibular symptom improvements not reported by a control group. These patient-reported benefits support the use of vestibular implantation as a treatment for bilateral vestibular hypofunction.
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- 2024
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24. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate plant-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patient biomarkers and parameters.
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Moore E, Patanwala I, Jafari A, Davies IG, Kirwan RP, Newson L, Mazidi M, and Lane KE
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- Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Triglycerides, Biomarkers, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease drug therapy, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 therapeutic use
- Abstract
Context: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in 25-30% of British and European populations, representing a potential global public health crisis. Marine omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids offer well-evidenced benefits to NAFLD biomarkers; however, the effect of plant-based n-3 has not been evaluated with a systematic review and meta-analysis., Objective: The review aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of plant-based n-3 supplementation on NAFLD surrogate biomarkers and parameters., Data Sources: Medline (EBSCO), PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials published between January 1970 and March 2022 evaluating the impact of plant-based n-3 interventions on diagnosed NAFLD. The review followed the PRISMA checklist and is PROSPERO registered (CRD42021251980)., Data Extraction: A random-effects model and generic inverse variance methods synthesized quantitative data, followed by a leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis. We identified 986 articles; after the application of selection criteria, six studies remained with 362 patients with NAFLD., Results: The meta-analysis showed that plant-based n-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean difference: 8.04 IU/L; 95% confidence interval: 14.70, 1.38; I2 = 48.61%) and plasma/serum triglycerides (44.51 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval: -76.93, -12.08; I2 = 69.93%), alongside body-composition markers in patients with NAFLD (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Plant-based n-3 fatty acid supplementation improves ALT enzyme biomarkers, triglycerides, body mass index, waist circumference, and weight loss when combined with lifestyle interventions to increase physical activity and a calorie-controlled diet. Further research is needed to identify the most effective plant-based n-3 sources in larger numbers of patients with NAFLD over longer study durations., Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021251980., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.)
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- 2024
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25. Understanding nutrition students' knowledge, perceived barriers and their views on the future role of nutritionists regarding sustainable diets.
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Baungaard C, Lane KE, and Richardson L
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- Humans, Diet, Students, Food, Eating, Nutritionists
- Abstract
Nutrition professionals are important stakeholders in sustainable food systems with skills to promote the connection between health, food production, environment, culture and economics. Higher education institutions are increasingly recognising the importance of teaching about sustainability, yet there exists a gap in the literature detailing the awareness of sustainability issues by nutrition students. This study aimed to ascertain the level of knowledge of sustainable diets (SDs), the perceived barriers to their adoption in their own diets, students' experience of university-based teaching about SDs and their views on the future role of the nutrition profession in relation to SD amongst nutrition students on Association for Nutrition (AfN)-accredited degrees. The study assessed environmental and sustainable food literacy (SFL) through an online questionnaire and explored the issues in more detail in virtual or face-to-face interviews in 2019. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics (Kruskal-Wallis, Jonckheere-Terpstra, independent t-test, Spearman, Pearson Correlations). Qualitative data were analysed using the Braun and Clark (2006) six-step approach to thematic analysis. The questionnaire responses (n = 51) represented 17 AfN-accredited undergraduate courses (35% of AfN-accredited universities in 2019). The majority (76%) of students had received an introduction, partaken in a module or received teaching on SDs throughout their whole degree. Students were predominantly environmentally literate, yet had a fragmented understanding of SDs, focusing on the environmental aspects of SDs. There was no correlation between SFL and reported sustainability content of university courses, highlighting a need for more effective teaching on sustainability topics. Additionally, no relationship between self-reported diet intake and SFL was found. Students identified a lack of knowledge and education as barriers preventing them from adopting sustainable practices in the present and future. To integrate sustainability into their future practice more consistently and effectively, nutrition students require more structured, holistic sustainability education and knowledge., (© 2023 The Authors. Nutrition Bulletin published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Nutrition Foundation.)
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- 2023
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26. The Effect of Carbohydrate Restriction on Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolites: CALIBER, a Randomised Parallel Trial.
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McCullough D, Harrison T, Enright KJ, Amirabdollahian F, Mazidi M, Lane KE, Stewart CE, and Davies IG
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- Adult, Humans, Triglycerides, Lipoproteins, HDL, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Carbohydrates, Lipoproteins, LDL, Lipoproteins, VLDL, Lipoproteins, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diets can be just as effective as high-carbohydrate, lower-fat (HCLF) diets for improving cardiovascular disease risk markers. Few studies have compared the effects of the UK HCLF dietary guidelines with an LCHF diet on lipids and lipoprotein metabolism using high-throughput NMR spectroscopy. This study aimed to explore the effect of an ad libitum 8-week LCHF diet compared to an HCLF diet on lipids and lipoprotein metabolism and CVD risk factors. For 8 weeks, n = 16 adults were randomly assigned to follow either an LCHF ( n = 8, <50 g CHO p/day) or an HCLF diet ( n = 8). Fasted blood samples at weeks 0, 4, and 8 were collected and analysed for lipids, lipoprotein subclasses, and energy-related metabolism markers via NMR spectroscopy. The LCHF diet increased ( p < 0.05) very small VLDL, IDL, and large HDL cholesterol levels, whereas the HCLF diet increased ( p < 0.05) IDL and large LDL cholesterol levels. Following the LCHF diet alone, triglycerides in VLDL and HDL lipoproteins significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased, and HDL phospholipids significantly ( p < 0.05) increased. Furthermore, the LCHF diet significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the large and small HDL particle concentrations compared to the HCLF diet. In conclusion, the LCHF diet may reduce CVD risk factors by reducing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and improving HDL functionality.
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- 2023
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27. Vestibular Implantation Can Work Even After More Than 20 Years of Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction.
- Author
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Schoo DP, Ayiotis AI, Fernandez Brillet C, Chow MR, Lane KE, Ward BK, Carey JP, and Della Santina CC
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- Adult, Male, Humans, Middle Aged, Semicircular Canals surgery, Aminoglycosides, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular, Vestibule, Labyrinth, Bilateral Vestibulopathy, Ototoxicity
- Abstract
Objective: To determine whether prosthetic stimulation delivered via a vestibular implant can elicit artificial sensation of head movement despite long (23-yr) duration adult-onset ototoxic bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH)., Study Design: Case report., Setting: Tertiary care center as part of a first-in-human clinical trial., Patients: One., Interventions: Unilateral vestibular implantation with an investigational multichannel vestibular implant in a 55-year-old man with a well-documented 23-year history of aminoglycoside-induced BVH., Main Outcome Measures: Electrically evoked vestibulo-ocular reflexes (eeVOR)., Results: Vestibular implant stimulation can drive stimulus-aligned eeVOR and elicit a vestibular percept 23 years after the onset of bilateral vestibulopathy. Prosthetic stimulation targeting individual semicircular canals elicited eye movements that approximately aligned with each targeted canal's axis. The magnitude of the eeVOR response increased with increasing stimulus current amplitude. Response alignment and magnitude were similar to those observed for implant recipients who underwent vestibular implantation less than 10 years after BVH onset. Responses were approximately stable for 18 months of continuous device use (24 h/d except during sleep)., Conclusions: Vestibular implantation and prosthetic electrical stimulation of semicircular canal afferent nerves can drive canal-specific eye movement responses more than 20 years after the onset of ototoxic vestibular hypofunction., Competing Interests: Sources of support and disclosure of funding: C.C.D.S. is the founder and chief executive officer/chief scientific officer of, and holds an equity interest in, Labyrinth Devices, LLC, which has a partnership with Med-El GmbH. C.C.D.S. and Johns Hopkins University hold royalty interests in pending and awarded patents related to technologies discussed in this manuscript. The terms of these arrangements are managed by the Johns Hopkins Office of Policy Coordination in accordance with the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine's policies on conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022, Otology & Neurotology, Inc.)
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- 2023
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28. The effects of consuming a Mediterranean style diet on associated COVID-19 severity biomarkers in obese/overweight adults: A systematic review.
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Moore E, Fadel A, and Lane KE
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- Adult, Humans, Overweight epidemiology, Obesity epidemiology, Biomarkers, Diet, Mediterranean, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: COVID-19 severity is strongly associated with high Body Mass Index (BMI) (≥25kg/m
2 ) amongst adults and elevated inflammatory markers have enabled prediction of disease progression. The composition of a Mediterranean diet provides favourable outcomes on weight reduction and inflammatory markers. Aim: This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of consuming a Mediterranean diet on BMI and inflammatory markers of obese/overweight adults (≥18 years) at risk of developing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Methods: PubMed Central, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials published between January 2010 to August 2021 evaluating the impact of Mediterranean diet on BMI and inflammatory markers in overweight/obese adults. The review followed the PRISMA checklist, used Cochrane Collaboration search strategies, and is PROSPERO registered (CRD42021277070). Two authors independently screened and evaluated studies for methodological quality. Papers were extracted and included based eligibility, despite risk of bias scores. Results: Of 65 extracted records, six studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. Reductions in BMI, TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP were reported amongst most findings, the majority of which were significant. Conclusion: The main findings indicate a hypocaloric, fibre dense Mediterranean diet is a short-term (<4 months) mitigation strategy to significantly reduce BMI and inflammatory markers amongst overweight/obese adults at risk of developing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Further research is now needed to examine the role of Mediterranean diet in COVID-19 prevalence, severity, morbidity and mortality.- Published
- 2022
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29. Dietary habits are associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes: a study among a middle eastern population.
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Mahdi S, Mazidi M, Davies IG, Beigrezaei S, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Mirzaei M, Lane KE, and Khayyatzadeh SS
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- Adult, Humans, Iran epidemiology, Prevalence, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cohort Studies, Feeding Behavior, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology
- Abstract
Worldwide type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence is increasing dramatically. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary habits and T2D in an Iranian adult population using a cross-sectional analysis of the Shahedieh cohort study. Participants were adults aged 35-70 years ( n 9261) from Zarch and Shahedieh, Yazd, Iran, who attended the baseline phase of the Shahedieh cohort study. Dietary habits including meal frequency, fried-food consumption, adding salt to prepared meals and grilled-food consumption were assessed by a standard questionnaire. T2D was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dl according to the American Diabetes Association. Multiple logistic regression assessed the association between dietary habits and T2D. Individuals who consumed a meal more than six times per day compared to three times per day had greater odds for T2D (OR 2⋅503, 95 % CI 1⋅651, 3⋅793). These associations remained significant in a fully adjusted model. There was a significant association between greater intakes of fried foods and prevalence of T2D (OR 1⋅294, 95 % CI 1⋅004, 1⋅668) in the adjusted model. No significant associations were observed between other dietary habits (adding salt to prepared meals and grilled-food consumption) and odds of T2D in all crude and adjusted models. In conclusion, we have highlighted the association between meal and fried-food consumption frequencies with risk of T2D. Large longitudinal studies in different ethnicities are needed to confirm these associations., (© The Author(s) 2022.)
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- 2022
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30. The Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate and Fat Manipulation on the Metabolome and Markers of Glucose and Insulin Metabolism: A Randomised Parallel Trial.
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McCullough D, Harrison T, Boddy LM, Enright KJ, Amirabdollahian F, Schmidt MA, Doenges K, Quinn K, Reisdorph N, Mazidi M, Lane KE, Stewart CE, and Davies IG
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- Adiponectin metabolism, Adult, Biomarkers metabolism, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Dietary Fats metabolism, Glucose metabolism, Humans, Insulin metabolism, Leptin metabolism, Lipids, Metabolome, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 prevention & control, Insulin Resistance
- Abstract
High carbohydrate, lower fat (HCLF) diets are recommended to reduce cardiometabolic disease (CMD) but low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets can be just as effective. The effect of LCHF on novel insulin resistance biomarkers and the metabolome has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an ad libitum 8-week LCHF diet compared with a HCLF diet on CMD markers, the metabolome, and insulin resistance markers. n = 16 adults were randomly assigned to either LCHF (n = 8, <50 g CHO p/day) or HCLF diet (n = 8) for 8 weeks. At weeks 0, 4 and 8, participants provided fasted blood samples, measures of body composition, blood pressure and dietary intake. Samples were analysed for markers of cardiometabolic disease and underwent non-targeted metabolomic profiling. Both a LCHF and HCLF diet significantly (p < 0.01) improved fasting insulin, HOMA IR, rQUICKI and leptin/adiponectin ratio (p < 0.05) levels. Metabolomic profiling detected 3489 metabolites with 78 metabolites being differentially regulated, for example, an upregulation in lipid metabolites following the LCHF diet may indicate an increase in lipid transport and oxidation, improving insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, both diets may reduce type 2 diabetes risk albeit, a LCHF diet may enhance insulin sensitivity by increasing lipid oxidation.
- Published
- 2022
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31. The Association between Ultra-Processed Foods, Quality of Life and Insomnia among Adolescent Girls in Northeastern Iran.
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Lane KE, Davies IG, Darabi Z, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Khayyatzadeh SS, and Mazidi M
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- Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Iran epidemiology, Quality of Life, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Ultra-processed foods have been associated with increased risk of chronic disease, poor overall health and psychological outcomes. This study explored the association of ultra-processed foods with quality of life in adolescent girls from northeastern Iran. In an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study, n = 733 adolescent girls were recruited by random cluster sampling. Assessments were completed for demographics, physical activity, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, psychological health and dietary intake. The participants were categorized into quartiles of ultra-processed food intake, and multivariable logistic regression was used in several models to investigate the association between ultra-processed food intake and psychological health. The mean age of the participants was 14 years. There were no significant differences in participant demographics for the quartiles of ultra-processed food intake including weight, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, depression, insomnia and cardiometabolic markers related to cardiovascular disease risk. Adjusted logistic regression showed participants in the highest category of ultra-processed food consumption had an increased likelihood of reduced quality of life (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.13-3.11), with a greater chance for insomnia (OR: 4.04, 95% CI: 1.83-8.94) across all models. However, no significant associations were observed between consumption of ultra-processed foods and daytime sleepiness. We highlight the association between ultra-processed food consumption and poor quality of life and insomnia amongst adolescent girls. Large longitudinal integrated public health studies in different ethnicities are needed to confirm these associations and evaluate their possible impact for optimizing health promotion programs.
- Published
- 2022
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32. Determinants of eating behaviour in Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) university students when living at and away from home: With a focus on the influence of food enculturation and food acculturation.
- Author
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Mensah FZ, Lane KE, and Richardson LD
- Subjects
- Feeding Behavior, Humans, Students, Universities, Acculturation, Minority Groups
- Abstract
For some students, university, can be a period of increased autonomy in food choice and for black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) and international students, the addition of culture may be a governing factor. This study aimed to examine the extent of dietary acculturation and dietary enculturation on the influence of student's food choices using a phenomenological approach. Sixty participants (forty-one home students and nineteen international students) recruited by purposive sampling, were included in the study. Data collection involved self-administered multiple choice and short answer questionnaires and semi structured interviews. The results were analysed using thematic analysis. When living away from home, six major themes influenced the eating behaviour of the studied population: social environment, individual factors, physical environment, university life, enculturation and acculturation. When at home, five major themes were influential: social environment, individual factors, physical environment, enculturation and acculturation. The main findings suggest dietary enculturation is a factor which influences the dietary behaviour of both international students and BAME home students., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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33. Protein interventions augment the effect of resistance exercise on appendicular lean mass and handgrip strength in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
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Kirwan RP, Mazidi M, Rodríguez García C, Lane KE, Jafari A, Butler T, Perez de Heredia F, and Davies IG
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- Aged, Exercise, Hand Strength, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Resistance Training, Sarcopenia therapy
- Abstract
Background: Increased protein intake is suggested as a strategy to slow or reverse the loss of muscle mass and strength observed in sarcopenia, but results from studies that directly tested this possibility have been inconsistent., Objectives: We assessed the evidence on the effects of whole protein supplementation or higher-protein diets, without the use of amino acids or supplements known to stimulate hypertrophy, alone or in combination with resistance exercise (RE) interventions, on lean body mass (LBM) and strength in older adults., Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from January 1990 to July 2021. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of protein supplementation and/or higher-protein dietary interventions in older adults (mean age ≥50 y) on total LBM, appendicular lean mass (ALM), and handgrip (HG) and knee extension (KE) strength were included., Results: Twenty-eight studies were identified. In pooled analysis, compared with lower protein controls, protein supplementation did not have a significant positive effect on total LBM [weighted mean difference in change (WMD): 0.34; 95% CI: -0.21, 0.89; I2 = 90.01%], ALM (WMD: 0.4; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.81; I2 = 90.38%), HG strength (WMD: 0.69; 95% CI: -0.69, 2.06; I2 = 94.52%), or KE strength (WMD: 1.88; 95% CI: -0.6, 4.35; I2 = 95.35%). However, in interventions that used also RE, statistically significant positive effects of protein were observed for ALM (WMD: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.03, 1.05; I2 = 89.76%) and HG (WMD: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.12, 3.30; I2 = 88.71%). Meta-regression revealed no significant association between age, per-meal protein dose, duration, and baseline protein intake with change in any outcome. Subgroup analysis revealed the statistically significant effects on ALM occurred only in sarcopenic/frail populations (WMD: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.51, 1.25; I2 = 79.0%). Most studies (n = 22) had some risk of bias., Conclusions: In older adults performing RE, increased protein intake leads to greater ALM and HG strength compared with lower protein controls. Without RE, protein has no additional benefit on changes in total LBM, ALM, or HG strength., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.)
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- 2022
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34. Bioavailability and conversion of plant based sources of omega-3 fatty acids - a scoping review to update supplementation options for vegetarians and vegans.
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Lane KE, Wilson M, Hellon TG, and Davies IG
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- Biological Availability, Diet, Vegetarian, Dietary Supplements, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Humans, Vegetarians, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Vegans
- Abstract
Omega-3 ( n -3) fatty acids offer a plethora of health benefits with the majority of evidence showing beneficial effects from marine sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Emerging research examines the effects of n -3 dietary intakes on blood markers of vegetarians and vegans, but official guidance for plant based marine alternatives is yet to reach consensus. This scoping review provides an overview of trials investigating bioavailability of plant n -3 oils including EPA and DHA conversion. Searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL and clinical trial registers identified randomized controlled trials from January 2010 to September 2020. The 'Omega-3 index' (EPA + DHA (O3I)), was used to compare n -3 status, metabolic conversion and bioavailability. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data on outcomes. From 639 identified articles, screening and eligibility checks gave 13 articles. High dose flaxseed or echium seed oil supplements, provided no increases to O3I and some studies showed reductions. However, microalgal oil supplementation increased O3I levels for all studies. Findings indicate preliminary advice for vegetarians and vegans is regular consumption of preformed EPA and DHA supplements may help maintain optimal O3I. Further studies should establish optimum EPA and DHA ratios and dosages in vegetarian and vegan populations.
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- 2022
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35. How the love of muscle can break a heart: Impact of anabolic androgenic steroids on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, metabolic and cardiovascular health.
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McCullough D, Webb R, Enright KJ, Lane KE, McVeigh J, Stewart CE, and Davies IG
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- Female, Humans, Hypertrophy, Male, Muscle, Skeletal, Steroids, Anabolic Agents adverse effects, Cardiovascular Diseases chemically induced, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
It is estimated 6.4% of males and 1.6% of females globally use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), mostly for appearance and performance enhancing reasons. In combination with resistance exercise, AAS use increases muscle protein synthesis resulting in skeletal muscle hypertrophy and increased performance. Primarily through binding to the androgen receptor, AAS exert their hypertrophic effects via genomic, non-genomic and anti-catabolic mechanisms. However, chronic AAS use also has a detrimental effect on metabolism ultimately increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Much research has focused on AAS effects on blood lipids and lipoproteins, with abnormal concentrations of these associated with insulin resistance, hypertension and increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This clustering of interconnected abnormalities is often referred as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore the impact of AAS use on mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and markers of MetS. AAS use markedly decreases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Chronic AAS use also appears to cause higher fasting insulin levels and impaired glucose tolerance and possibly higher levels of VAT; however, research is currently lacking on the effects of AAS use on glucose metabolism. While cessation of AAS use can restore normal lipid levels, it may lead to withdrawal symptoms such as depression and hypogonadism that can increase CVD risk. Research is currently lacking on effective treatments for withdrawal symptoms and further long-term research is warranted on the effects of AAS use on metabolic health in males and females.
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- 2021
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36. Pattern analysis of vegan eating reveals healthy and unhealthy patterns within the vegan diet.
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Gallagher CT, Hanley P, and Lane KE
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Objective: This study aimed to identify the types of foods that constitute a vegan diet and establish patterns within the diet. Dietary pattern analysis, a key instrument for exploring the correlation between health and disease, was used to identify patterns within the vegan diet., Design: A modified version of the EPIC-Norfolk FFQ was created and validated to include vegan foods and launched on social media., Setting: UK participants, recruited online., Participants: A convenience sample of 129 vegans voluntarily completed the FFQ. Collected data were converted to reflect weekly consumption to enable factor and cluster analyses., Results: Factor analysis identified four distinct dietary patterns including: (1) convenience (22 %); (2) health conscious (12 %); (3) unhealthy (9 %) and (4) traditional vegan (7 %). Whilst two healthy patterns were defined, the convenience pattern was the most identifiable pattern with a prominence of vegan convenience meals and snacks, vegan sweets and desserts, sauces, condiments and fats. Cluster analysis identified three clusters, cluster 1 'convenience' (26·8 %), cluster 2 'traditional' (22 %) and cluster 3 'health conscious' (51·2 %). Clusters 1 and 2 consisted of an array of ultraprocessed vegan food items. Together, both clusters represent almost half of the participants and yielding similar results to the predominant dietary pattern, strengthens the factor analysis., Conclusions: These novel results highlight the need for further dietary pattern studies with full nutrition and blood metabolite analysis in larger samples of vegans to enhance and ratify these results.
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- 2021
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37. Posture, Gait, Quality of Life, and Hearing with a Vestibular Implant.
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Chow MR, Ayiotis AI, Schoo DP, Gimmon Y, Lane KE, Morris BJ, Rahman MA, Valentin NS, Boutros PJ, Bowditch SP, Ward BK, Sun DQ, Treviño Guajardo C, Schubert MC, Carey JP, and Della Santina CC
- Subjects
- Aged, Bilateral Vestibulopathy chemically induced, Bilateral Vestibulopathy complications, Dizziness etiology, Female, Gait Disorders, Neurologic etiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, Prospective Studies, Semicircular Canals innervation, Vestibular Nerve drug effects, Bilateral Vestibulopathy surgery, Gait physiology, Hearing Loss etiology, Implantable Neurostimulators adverse effects, Postural Balance physiology, Quality of Life, Vestibule, Labyrinth surgery
- Abstract
Background: Bilateral vestibular hypofunction is associated with chronic disequilibrium, postural instability, and unsteady gait owing to failure of vestibular reflexes that stabilize the eyes, head, and body. A vestibular implant may be effective in alleviating symptoms., Methods: Persons who had had ototoxic (7 participants) or idiopathic (1 participant) bilateral vestibular hypofunction for 2 to 23 years underwent unilateral implantation of a prosthesis that electrically stimulates the three semicircular canal branches of the vestibular nerve. Clinical outcomes included the score on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency balance subtest (range, 0 to 36, with higher scores indicating better balance), time to failure on the modified Romberg test (range, 0 to 30 seconds), score on the Dynamic Gait Index (range, 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating better gait performance), time needed to complete the Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, pure-tone auditory detection thresholds, speech discrimination scores, and quality of life. We compared participants' results at baseline (before implantation) with those at 6 months (8 participants) and at 1 year (6 participants) with the device set in its usual treatment mode (varying stimulus pulse rate and amplitude to represent rotational head motion) and in a placebo mode (holding pulse rate and amplitude constant)., Results: The median scores at baseline and at 6 months on the Bruininks-Oseretsky test were 17.5 and 21.0, respectively (median within-participant difference, 5.5 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0 to 10.0); the median times on the modified Romberg test were 3.6 seconds and 8.3 seconds (difference, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.5 to 27.6); the median scores on the Dynamic Gait Index were 12.5 and 22.5 (difference, 10.5 points; 95% CI, 1.5 to 12.0); the median times on the Timed Up and Go test were 11.0 seconds and 8.7 seconds (difference, 2.3; 95% CI, -1.7 to 5.0); and the median speeds on the gait-speed test were 1.03 m per second and 1.10 m per second (difference, 0.13; 95% CI, -0.25 to 0.30). Placebo-mode testing confirmed that improvements were due to treatment-mode stimulation. Among the 6 participants who were also assessed at 1 year, the median within-participant changes from baseline to 1 year were generally consistent with results at 6 months. Implantation caused ipsilateral hearing loss, with the air-conducted pure-tone average detection threshold at 6 months increasing by 3 to 16 dB in 5 participants and by 74 to 104 dB in 3 participants. Changes in participant-reported disability and quality of life paralleled changes in posture and gait., Conclusions: Six months and 1 year after unilateral implantation of a vestibular prosthesis for bilateral vestibular hypofunction, measures of posture, gait, and quality of life were generally in the direction of improvement from baseline, but hearing was reduced in the ear with the implant in all but 1 participant. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02725463.)., (Copyright © 2021 Massachusetts Medical Society.)
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- 2021
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38. Direct access lifestyle training improves liver biochemistry and causes weight loss but uptake is suboptimal in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Patanwala I, Molnar LE, Akerboom K, and Lane KE
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the uptake and effectiveness of an existing open access lifestyle intervention forged in collaboration between a third sector organisation, funded by local government and a secondary care non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) service in the North West of England., Method: A service outcome evaluation using precomparison design and postcomparison design was conducted to analyse changes between baseline clinical health records and 12-week follow-up for patients with NAFLD who completed the lifestyle intervention. Lifestyle factors, weight loss, changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes and lipid profiles were compared between patients who completed the programme vs 1:1 matched patients who did not., Results: Only 16 of 167 patients with NAFLD offered the intervention completed the programme. Intervention patients achieved significant weight loss (-2.3% p≤0.05) over 12 weeks, where the non-intervention group had non-significant weight gain (+0.95%). ALT improved by 20.6 IU/L in the interventional group and 15.75 IU/L in the non-intervention group; however, this was not statistically different., Conclusion: This study presents first of its kind evaluation of a service collaboration in the UK. Only 1 in 10 patients offered the opportunity completed the programme, a limitation that could affect future strategies. Patient and public involvement research is needed to identify barriers to participation, address adherence issues and identify support mechanisms for lifestyle interventions in patients with NAFLD., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2020
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39. The composition and oxidative stability of vegetarian omega-3 algal oil nanoemulsions suitable for functional food enrichment.
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Lane KE, Zhou Q, Robinson S, and Li W
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- Emulsifying Agents chemistry, Emulsions chemistry, Food, Fortified analysis, Lecithins chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction, Particle Size, Temperature, Vegetarians, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 chemistry, Functional Food analysis, Plant Oils chemistry
- Abstract
Background: Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn3PUFA) nanoemulsion enriched foods offer the potential to address habitually low oily fish intakes. Nanoemulsions increase LCn3PUFA bioavailability, although they may cause lipid oxidation. The present study examined the oxidative stability of LCn3PUFA algal oil-in-water nanoemulsions created by ultrasound using natural and synthetic emulsifiers during 5 weeks of storage at 4, 20 and 40 °C. Fatty acid composition, droplet size ranges and volatile compounds were analysed., Results: No significant differences were found for fatty acid composition at various temperatures and storage times. Lecithin nanoemulsions had significantly larger droplet size ranges at baseline and during storage, regardless of temperatures. Although combined Tween 40 and lecithin nanoemulsions had low initial droplet size ranges, there were significant increases at 40 °C after 5 weeks of storage. Gas chromatograms identified hexanal and propanal as predominant volatile compounds, along with 2-ethylfuran, propan-3-ol and valeraldehyde. The Tween 40 only nanoemulsion sample showed the formation of lower concentrations of volatiles compared to lecithin samples. The formation of hexanal and propanal remained stable at lower temperatures, although higher concentrations were found in nanoemulsions than in bulk oil. The lecithin only sample had formation of higher concentrations of volatiles at increased temperatures, despite having significantly larger droplet size ranges than the other samples., Conclusion: Propanal and hexanal were the most prevalent of five volatile compounds detected in bulk oil and lecithin and/or Tween 40 nanoemulsions. Oxidation compounds remained more stable at lower temperatures, indicating suitability for the enrichment of refrigerated foods. Further research aiming to evaluate the oxidation stability of these systems within food matrices is warranted. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.)
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- 2020
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40. Continuous vestibular implant stimulation partially restores eye-stabilizing reflexes.
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Boutros PJ, Schoo DP, Rahman M, Valentin NS, Chow MR, Ayiotis AI, Morris BJ, Hofner A, Rascon AM, Marx A, Deas R, Fridman GY, Davidovics NS, Ward BK, Treviño C, Bowditch SP, Roberts DC, Lane KE, Gimmon Y, Schubert MC, Carey JP, Jaeger A, and Della Santina CC
- Subjects
- Humans, Ototoxicity physiopathology, Ototoxicity surgery, Prosthesis Design, Bilateral Vestibulopathy physiopathology, Bilateral Vestibulopathy surgery, Electric Stimulation instrumentation, Neural Prostheses, Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular physiology, Vestibule, Labyrinth physiopathology, Vestibule, Labyrinth surgery
- Abstract
BACKGROUNDBilateral loss of vestibular (inner ear inertial) sensation causes chronically blurred vision during head movement, postural instability, and increased fall risk. Individuals who fail to compensate despite rehabilitation therapy have no adequate treatment options. Analogous to hearing restoration via cochlear implants, prosthetic electrical stimulation of vestibular nerve branches to encode head motion has garnered interest as a potential treatment, but prior studies in humans have not included continuous long-term stimulation or 3D binocular vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) oculography, without which one cannot determine whether an implant selectively stimulates the implanted ear's 3 semicircular canals.METHODSWe report binocular 3D VOR responses of 4 human subjects with ototoxic bilateral vestibular loss unilaterally implanted with a Labyrinth Devices Multichannel Vestibular Implant System vestibular implant, which provides continuous, long-term, motion-modulated prosthetic stimulation via electrodes in 3 semicircular canals.RESULTSInitiation of prosthetic stimulation evoked nystagmus that decayed within 30 minutes. Stimulation targeting 1 canal produced 3D VOR responses approximately aligned with that canal's anatomic axis. Targeting multiple canals yielded responses aligned with a vector sum of individual responses. Over 350-812 days of continuous 24 h/d use, modulated electrical stimulation produced stable VOR responses that grew with stimulus intensity and aligned approximately with any specified 3D head rotation axis.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that a vestibular implant can selectively, continuously, and chronically provide artificial sensory input to all 3 implanted semicircular canals in individuals disabled by bilateral vestibular loss, driving reflexive VOR eye movements that approximately align in 3D with the head motion axis encoded by the implant.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02725463.FUNDINGNIH/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: R01DC013536 and 2T32DC000023; Labyrinth Devices, LLC; and Med-El GmbH.
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- 2019
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41. The oxidative stability of omega-3 oil-in-water nanoemulsion systems suitable for functional food enrichment: A systematic review of the literature.
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Bush L, Stevenson L, and Lane KE
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants, Databases, Factual, Emulsifying Agents chemistry, Emulsions, Euphausiacea, Fish Oils, Flax, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Juglans, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Oxidation-Reduction, Plant Oils, Saponins, Surface-Active Agents, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 chemistry, Functional Food, Nanostructures chemistry, Oxidative Stress
- Abstract
There is growing demand for functional food products enriched with long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω3PUFA). Nanoemulsions, systems with extremely small droplet sizes have been shown to increase LCω3PUFA bioavailability. However, nanoemulsion creation and processing methods may impact on the oxidative stability of these systems. The present systematic review collates information from studies that evaluated the oxidative stability of LCω3PUFA nanoemulsions suitable for use in functional foods. The systematic search identified seventeen articles published during the last 10 years. Researchers used a range of surfactants and antioxidants to create systems which were evaluated from 7 to 100 days of storage. Nanoemulsions were created using synthetic and natural emulsifiers, with natural sources offering equivalent or increased oxidative stability compared to synthetic sources, which is useful as consumers are demanding natural, cleaner label food products. Equivalent vegetarian sources of LCω3PUFA found in fish oils such as algal oils are promising as they provide direct sources without the need for conversion in the human metabolic pathway. Quillaja saponin is a promising natural emulsifier that can produce nanoemulsion systems with equivalent/increased oxidative stability in comparison to other emulsifiers. Further studies to evaluate the oxidative stability of quillaja saponin nanoemulsions combined with algal sources of LCω3PUFA are warranted.
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- 2019
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42. Omega-3 fatty acids - A review of existing and innovative delivery methods.
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Lane KE and Derbyshire EJ
- Subjects
- Administration, Cutaneous, Animals, Biological Availability, Capsules, Diet, Dietary Supplements, Docosahexaenoic Acids administration & dosage, Eicosapentaenoic Acid administration & dosage, Emulsions, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 pharmacokinetics, Fish Oils administration & dosage, Fishes, Food, Fortified, Health Promotion methods, Humans, Meat, Nanotechnology methods, Seafood, Seeds, Vegetables, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 administration & dosage
- Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are generally under-consumed in Western diets; a factor that may largely be attributed to low intake of oily fish. Although supplementation strategies offer one approach in terms of improving blood fatty acid levels, rates of compliance are generally low due to difficulties in swallowing capsules, or unfavorable aftertastes. Consequently, new approaches, including food-based strategies, may be an alternative approach to improving omega-3 status and the health of public sectors. This paper sets out to discuss and review how the use of novel food vehicle and delivery advancements may be used to improve omega-3 status, which may have wider benefits for public health and well-being.
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- 2018
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43. The anthropogenic environment lessens the intensity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Balinese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
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Lane KE, Holley C, Hollocher H, and Fuentes A
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- Animals, Environment, Host-Parasite Interactions, Human Activities, Humans, Indonesia epidemiology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic epidemiology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic parasitology, Parasites physiology, Prevalence, Principal Component Analysis, Gastrointestinal Tract parasitology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic veterinary, Macaca fascicularis parasitology, Monkey Diseases parasitology
- Abstract
The distribution of wildlife parasites in a landscape is intimately tied to the spatial distribution of hosts. In parasite species, including many gastrointestinal parasites, with obligate or common environmental life stages, the dynamics of the parasite can also be strongly affected by geophysical components of the environment. This is especially salient in host species, for example humans and macaques, which thrive across a wide variety of habitat types and quality and so are exposed to a wealth of environmentally resilient parasites. Here, we examine the effect of environmental and anthropogenic components of the landscape on the prevalence, intensity, and species diversity of gastrointestinal parasites across a metapopulation of long-tailed macaques on the island of Bali, Indonesia. Using principal-components analysis, we identified significant interaction effects between specific environmental and anthropogenic components of the landscape, parsing the Balinese landscape into anthropogenic (PC1), mixed environment (PC2), and non-anthropogenic (PC3) components. Further, we determined that the anthropogenic environment can mitigate the prevalence and intensity of specific gut parasites and the intensity of the overall community of gut parasites, but that non-anthropogenically driven landscape components have no significant effect in increasing or reducing the intensity or prevalence of the community of gut parasites in Balinese macaques.
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- 2011
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44. Insects mediate the effects of propagule supply and resource availability on a plant invasion.
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Sanders NJ, Weltzin JF, Crutsinger GM, Fitzpatrick MC, Nuñez MA, Oswalt CM, and Lane KE
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- Animals, Carbon metabolism, Environment, Lespedeza physiology, Nitrogen metabolism, Population Density, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Insecta physiology, Lespedeza growth & development, Soil analysis
- Abstract
Invasive species are a global threat to biodiversity and the functioning of natural ecosystems. Here, we report on a two-year experiment aimed at elucidating the combined and relative effects of three key controls on plant invasions: propagule supply, soil nitrogen (N) availability, and herbivory by native insects. We focus on the exotic species Lespedeza cuneata, a Rank 1 invasive species. Propagule supply and soil N-availability interacted to control the density and foliar cover of L. cuneata. In low N plots, density and foliar cover of L. cuneata were higher in the propagule addition plots than in the plots to which propagules were not added. Surprisingly, this interaction was significant only when the abundance of herbivores was experimentally reduced. This experiment provides evidence that native insect herbivores mediate the interactive effects of propagule supply and resources on invasion by a widespread invasive plant species.
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- 2007
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45. Beyond the clinical trials: how often is sentinel lymph node dissection performed for breast cancer?
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Maggard MA, Lane KE, O'Connell JB, Nanyakkara DD, and Ko CY
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Lymphatic Metastasis diagnosis, Neoplasm Staging methods, SEER Program statistics & numerical data, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) has been shown to be a reasonable treatment option for early-stage breast cancer. Until recently, SLND was limited to clinical trials. Because this technique is now offered outside of trials, its prevalence is unknown., Methods: All patients with stage I or II breast cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results national cancer registry (1998-2000) were evaluated. Data were collected for demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical resection, lymph node evaluation (SLND or complete axillary dissection), registry site, and year of diagnosis. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for receiving SLND., Results: A total of 54,772 patients diagnosed with breast cancer had undergone surgical lymph node evaluation; 27.2% patients with stage I disease underwent SLND, as compared with 22.7% for stage II. Older patients and minority groups were less likely to receive SLND. Receipt of SLND varied by registry site (7.9%-32.7%). Multivariate regression showed that older patients had lower odds of receiving SLND (60-69 years: odds ratio, .73; P < .0001) as compared with younger patients. Additionally, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians had lower odds of receiving SLND (odds ratio of .64, .58, and .80, respectively; P < .0001). SLND use increased over the 3 years in the study (P < .0001)., Conclusions: This population-based analysis showed relatively infrequent use of SLND for early-stage breast cancer. These results suggest a slow transition of this procedure from clinical trials into the community. Future work should be targeted at improving the rate at which patients receive this procedure, particularly for elderly and minority groups and low-use regions.
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- 2005
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46. Do young breast cancer patients have worse outcomes?
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Maggard MA, O'Connell JB, Lane KE, Liu JH, Etzioni DA, and Ko CY
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- Adult, Age Factors, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, SEER Program, Survival Analysis, United States epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that young breast cancer patients have poorer survival as compared with their older counterparts. Most of this research reflects single institution experiences that may not be representative of the population. This study was designed to determine whether young breast cancer patients have poorer survival as compared with an older cohort using a national population-based cancer registry and, more specifically, to determine whether differences in survival are caused by more advanced tumor stage, more aggressive disease, or patient-specific characteristics., Materials and Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer database (1992-1998), data for all patients with a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer were extracted. Two age categories were analyzed: young group (
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- 2003
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47. Cytotoxic constituents of the roots of Ekmanianthe longiflora.
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Peraza-Sánchez SR, Chávez D, Chai HB, Shin YG, García R, Mejía M, Fairchild CR, Lane KE, Menendez AT, Farnsworth NR, Cordell GA, Pezzuto JM, and Kinghorn AD
- Subjects
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Furans pharmacology, Humans, Leukemia P388 drug therapy, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, Mice, Naphthols pharmacology, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Furans isolation & purification, Naphthols isolation & purification, Plants, Medicinal chemistry
- Abstract
Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the CHCl(3) extract of the roots of Ekmanianthe longiflora resulted in the isolation of three new natural products, (2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydro-3, 4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1(2H)-naphthalenone (1), (2S,3R, 4R)-3,4-dihydro-3, 4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1(2H)-naphthalenone (2), and (2R, 3aR,9R,9aR)-9-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,3,3a,4,9 , 9a-hexahydro-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4-one (3), together with the known compounds 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone (4), 2-acetylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone (5), dehydro-iso-alpha-lapachone (6), alpha-lapachone (7), catalponol, and epi-catalponol. The structures of 1-3 were determined using a combination of NMR spectroscopic techniques, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were obtained using Mosher ester methodology. Compounds 4-6 showed significant cytotoxicity in a panel of human cancer cells. alpha-Lapachone (7) exhibited only marginal activity, and catalponol and epi-catalponol were inactive in this regard. When tested at 72 mg/kg/injection in an in vivo mouse P-388 leukemia system, compound 4 was inactive (110% T/C).
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- 2000
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48. Cytotoxic sesquiterpenoids from Ratibida columnifera.
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Cui B, Lee YH, Chai H, Tucker JC, Fairchild CR, Raventos-Suarez C, Long B, Lane KE, Menendez AT, Beecher CW, Cordell GA, Pezzuto JM, and Kinghorn AD
- Subjects
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Cycle drug effects, DNA, Neoplasm drug effects, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Female, Humans, Intercalating Agents pharmacology, Male, Mice, Ovarian Neoplasms drug therapy, Ovarian Neoplasms pathology, Prostatic Neoplasms drug therapy, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Sesquiterpenes isolation & purification, Topoisomerase I Inhibitors, Tubulin biosynthesis, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Asteraceae chemistry, Plants, Medicinal chemistry, Sesquiterpenes pharmacology
- Abstract
Bioassay-directed fractionation of the flowers and leaves of Ratibida columnifera using a hormone-dependent human prostate (LNCaP) cancer cell line led to the isolation of 10 cytotoxic substances, composed of five novel xanthanolide derivatives (2-4, 7, and 8), a novel nerolidol derivative (9), and three known sesquiterpene lactones, 9alpha-hydroxy-seco-ratiferolide-5alpha-O-angelate+ ++ (1), 9alpha-hydroxy-seco-ratiferolide-5alpha-O-(2-methylbut yrate) (5), 9-oxo-seco-ratiferolide-5alpha-O-(2-methylbutyrate) (6), as well as a known flavonoid, hispidulin (10). On the basis of its cytotoxicity profile, compound 5 was selected for further biological evaluation, and was found to induce G1 arrest and slow S traverse time in parental wild type p53 A2780S cells, but only G2/M arrest in p53 mutant A2780R cells, with strong apoptosis shown for both cell lines. The activity of 5 was not mediated by the multidrug resistance (MDR) pump, and it was not active against several anticancer molecular targets (i.e., tubulin polymerization/depolymerization, topoisomerases, and DNA intercalation). While these results indicate that compound 5 acts as a cytotoxic agent via a novel mechanism, this substance was inactive in in vivo evaluations using the murine lung carcinoma (M109) and human colon carcinoma (HCT116) models.
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- 1999
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49. Suppression of testosterone and estradiol-17beta-induced dysplasia in the dorsolateral prostate of Noble rats by bromocriptine.
- Author
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Lane KE, Leav I, Ziar J, Bridges RS, Rand WM, and Ho SM
- Subjects
- Animals, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Precancerous Conditions pathology, Precancerous Conditions prevention & control, Prolactin blood, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen metabolism, Prostate drug effects, Prostate metabolism, Rats, Receptors, Estrogen metabolism, Testosterone blood, Bromocriptine pharmacology, Estrogen Antagonists pharmacology, Precancerous Conditions chemically induced, Prostate pathology, Testosterone antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
We, and others, have previously described the histological changes that occur in the prostate gland of intact Noble (NBL) rats following prolonged hormonal treatment. Dysplasia, a pre-neoplastic lesion, develops specifically in the dorsolateral prostates (DLPs) of NBL rats treated for 16 weeks with a combined regimen of testosterone (T) and estradiol-17beta (E2) (T + E2-treated rats). Concurrent with DLP dysplasia induction, the dual hormone regimen also elicits hyperprolactinemia, in addition to an elevation of nuclear type II estrogen binding sites (type II EBS), no alteration in estrogen receptors (ER), and marked epithelial cell proliferation in the dysplastic foci. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the dual hormone action is mediated via E2-induced hyperprolactinemia. Bromocriptine (Br), at a dose of 4 mg/kg body wt per day, was used to suppress pituitary prolactin (PRL) release. Serum PRL levels were lowered from values of 341 +/- 50 ng/ml in T + E2-treated rats to 32 +/- 10 ng/ml in Br co-treated animals. The latter values were comparable to those in untreated control rats. In addition, Br co-treatment effectively inhibited the evolution of dysplasia (six out of eight rats) and the often associated inflammation (five out of eight rats) in most animals. In contrast, Br co-treatment did not suppress the T + E2-induced type II EBS elevation nor alter ER levels in the DLPs of these rats, when compared with T + E2-treated rats. These data extend the many previous studies that have detailed marked influences of PRL on rat prostatic functions. However, the current study is the first to implicate PRL in prostatic dysplasia induction in vivo.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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50. Effect of combined testosterone and estradiol-17 beta treatment on the metabolism of E2 in the prostate and liver of noble rats.
- Author
-
Lane KE, Ricci MJ, and Ho SM
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Drug Combinations, Liver drug effects, Male, Microsomes drug effects, Microsomes metabolism, Microsomes, Liver drug effects, Microsomes, Liver metabolism, Prostate drug effects, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Estradiol metabolism, Estradiol pharmacology, Liver metabolism, Prostate metabolism, Testosterone pharmacology
- Abstract
Background: Long-term treatment of Noble (NBL) rats with testosterone (T) and estradiol-17 beta (E2) induces dysplasia in the dorsolateral lobe (DLP) but not in the ventral lobe (VP) of the rat prostate. The aim of this study was to determine whether metabolic conversion of E2 to catechol estrogens (CEs), which are potentially genotoxic, is a mechanism of estrogen carcinogenicity in this tissue., Methods: Male NBL rats were treated simultaneously with T and E2, or left untreated, for 16 weeks after which time the liver, VP, and DLP were excised for microsomal preparations. 3H-E2 metabolites generated in microsomal incubates were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by coelution with known E2 metabolites., Results: 2- and 4-hydroxyestrogens were detected at high levels in hepatic microsomal incubates, and at extremely low levels in prostatic microsomal incubates. T + E2 treatment of rats did not increase the formation of these prostatic and hepatic metabolites., Conclusions: These results do not support CE formation as a mediating step in estrogen-induced tumorigenesis in the rat prostate.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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