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1. Campylobacteriosis Outbreak Linked to Municipal Water, Nebraska, USA, 2021

Author

Jansen, Lauren, Birn, Rachael, Koirala, Samir, Oppegard, Sadie, Loeck, Brianna, Hamik, Jeff, Wyckoff, Elizabeth, Spindola, Dana, Dempsey, Sue, Bartling, Amanda, Roundtree, Alexis, Kahler, Amy, Lane, Charlotte, Hogan, Nancy, Strockbine, Nancy, McKeel, Haley, Yoder, Jonathan, Mattioli, Mia, Donahue, Matthew, and Buss, Bryan

Subjects
Epidemics -- Social aspects -- United States, Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Municipal water supply -- Health aspects -- United States, Campylobacter infections -- Physiological aspects -- Social aspects -- Risk factors, Health
Abstract

Campylobacter is a gram-negative, microaerophilic, flagellated, helical bacterium (1). Campylobacter infection, or campylobacteriosis, is the most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the United States, producing [approximately equal to]1.5 million [...]

Published
2024
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2. Body Composition Trajectories During the First 23 Months of Life Differ by HIV Exposure Among Infants in Western Kenya: A Prospective Study.

Author

Rickman, Rachel, Lane, Charlotte, Collins, Shalean, Miller, Joshua, Onono, Maricianah, Wekesa, Pauline, Nichols, Amy, Foster, Saralyn, Shiau, Stephanie, Young, Sera, and Widen, Elizabeth

Subjects
Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, HIV Infections, Growth Disorders, Prospective Studies, Body Composition, Pregnancy, Infant, Kenya, Female, Male
Abstract

BackgroundInfants who are HIV-exposed and uninfected have suboptimal growth patterns compared to those who are HIV-unexposed and uninfected. However, little is known about how these patterns persist beyond 1 year of life.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine whether infant body composition and growth trajectories differed by HIV exposure during the first 2 years of life among Kenyan infants using advanced growth modeling.MethodsRepeated infant body composition and growth measurements (mean: 6; range: 2-7) were obtained from 6 weeks to 23 months in the Pith Moromo cohort in Western Kenya (n = 295, 50% HIV-exposed and uninfected, 50% male). Body composition trajectory groups were fitted using latent class mixed modeling (LCMM) and associations between HIV exposure and growth trajectories were examined using logistic regression analysis.ResultsAll infants exhibited poor growth. However, HIV-exposed infants generally grew suboptimally than unexposed infants. Across all body composition models except for the sum of skinfolds, HIV-exposed infants had a higher likelihood of belonging to the suboptimal growth groups identified by LCMM than the HIV-unexposed infants. Notably, HIV-exposed infants were 3.3 times more likely (95% CI: 1.5-7.4) to belong to the length-for-age z-score growth class that remained at a z-score of < -2, indicating stunted growth. HIV-exposed infants were also 2.6 times more likely (95% CI: 1.2-5.4) to belong to the weight-for-length-for-age z-score growth class that remained between 0 and -1, and were 4.2 times more likely (95% CI: 1.9-9.3) to belong to the weight-for-age z-score growth class that indicated poor weight gain besides stunted linear growth.ConclusionsIn a cohort of Kenyan infants, HIV-exposed infants grew suboptimally compared to HIV-unexposed infants beyond 1 year of age. These growth patterns and longer-term effects should be further investigated to support the ongoing efforts to reduce early-life HIV exposure-related health disparities.

Published
2023

3. Machine learning to attribute the source of Campylobacter infections in the United States: A retrospective analysis of national surveillance data

Author

Pascoe, Ben, Futcher, Georgina, Pensar, Johan, Bayliss, Sion C., Mourkas, Evangelos, Calland, Jessica K., Hitchings, Matthew D., Joseph, Lavin A., Lane, Charlotte G., Greenlee, Tiffany, Arning, Nicolas, Wilson, Daniel J., Jolley, Keith A., Corander, Jukka, Maiden, Martin C.J., Parker, Craig T., Cooper, Kerry K., Rose, Erica B., Hiett, Kelli, Bruce, Beau B., and Sheppard, Samuel K.

Published
2024
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13. Machine Learning the Source Campylobacter Infection in the United States of America

Author

Pascoe, Ben, primary, Futcher, Georgina, additional, Pensar, Johan, additional, Bayliss, Sion C., additional, Mourkas, Evangelos, additional, Calland, Jessica Kate, additional, Hitchings, Matthew D., additional, Joseph, Lavin A., additional, Lane, Charlotte G., additional, Greenlee, Tiffany, additional, Arning, Nicolas, additional, Wilson, Daniel J., additional, Jolley, keith, additional, Maiden, Martin CJ, additional, Corander, Jukka, additional, Parker, Craig, additional, Cooper, Kerry, additional, Rose, Erica B., additional, Hiett, Kelli, additional, Bruce, Beau B., additional, and Sheppard, Samuel K., additional

Published
2023
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14. Body Composition Trajectories During the First 23 Months of Life Differ by HIV Exposure Among Infants in Western Kenya: A Prospective Study

Author

Rickman, Rachel R., primary, Lane, Charlotte E., additional, Collins, Shalean M., additional, Miller, Joshua D., additional, Onono, Maricianah, additional, Wekesa, Pauline, additional, Nichols, Amy R., additional, Foster, Saralyn F., additional, Shiau, Stephanie, additional, Young, Sera L., additional, and Widen, Elizabeth M., additional

Published
2022
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20. The discovery of UK-369003, a novel PDE5 inhibitor with the potential for oral bioavailability and dose-proportional pharmacokinetics

Author

Rawson, David J., Ballard, Stephen, Barber, Christopher, Barker, Laura, Beaumont, Kevin, Bunnage, Mark, Cole, Susan, Corless, Martin, Denton, Stephen, Ellis, David, Floc’h, Marion, Foster, Laura, Gosset, James, Holmwood, Frances, Lane, Charlotte, Leahy, David, Mathias, John, Maw, Graham, Million, William, Poinsard, Cedric, Price, Jenny, Russel, Rachel, Street, Stephen, and Watson, Lesa

Published
2012
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23. Addressing the Lack of Motivation in the Middle School Setting.

Author

Lane, Charlotte, Marquardt, Jeff, Meyer, Mary Ann, and Murray, Wren

Abstract

This action research project implemented and evaluated a method to improve student motivation and academic achievement. The targeted population consisted of seventh and eighth graders from a middle school in a small midwestern community. Motivational problems were documented by means of academic grades, homework contract referrals to the administration, student and parent surveys, and teacher observation. The intervention was comprised of: (1) improving content relevance in seventh grade math, language arts, and science classes and in eighth grade algebra classes by using the theory of multiple intelligences to develop learning activities incorporated 2 to 3 times per week; and (2) teaching goal-setting processes through 2 hours of direct instruction during advisor/advisee sessions for seventh graders and during algebra class for eighth graders. Students set academic goals and evaluated their progress toward their goals. Post-intervention data gathered through parent and student surveys, student interviews, assignment records, teacher observation and anecdotal records, and student points indicated that: lessons that included a greater variety of multiple intelligences produced a higher level of intrinsic motivation among most students, the transfer of learning was most effective when used for short-term goals, goal setting was beneficial to students, graphing their progress enhanced students' desire to improve their grades, and students worked to earn extra credit points offered. However, there was a downward shift in students' opinion of the importance of homework and the amount of time devoted to it. (Appended are data collection materials, compiled raw data, and sample lesson plans. Contains 31 references.) (KB)

Published
1997

24. Ongoing Outbreak of Extensively Drug-ResistantCampylobacter jejuniInfections Associated With US Pet Store Puppies, 2016-2020

Author

Francois Watkins, Louise K., primary, Laughlin, Mark E., additional, Joseph, Lavin A., additional, Chen, Jessica C., additional, Nichols, Megin, additional, Basler, Colin, additional, Breazu, Robert, additional, Bennett, Christy, additional, Koski, Lia, additional, Montgomery, Martha P., additional, Hughes, Michael J., additional, Robertson, Scott, additional, Lane, Charlotte G., additional, Singh, Amber J., additional, Stanek, Danielle, additional, Salehi, Ellen, additional, Brandt, Eric, additional, McGillivary, Glen, additional, Mowery, Jade, additional, DeMent, Jamie, additional, Aubert, Rachael D., additional, Geissler, Aimee L., additional, de Fijter, Sietske, additional, Williams, Ian T., additional, and Friedman, Cindy R., additional

Published
2021
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27. The horizontal effect of international human rights law:Towards a multi-level governance approach

Author

Lane, Charlotte Lilian, Lane, Charlotte Lilian, Lane, Charlotte Lilian, and Lane, Charlotte Lilian

Abstract

Veel niet-statelijke actoren kunnen het genot van mensenrechten enorm beïnvloeden. Desondanks hebben niet-statelijke actoren geen directe verplichtingen onder internationale mensenrechtenwetgeving; het internationale juridische kader voor mensenrechten blijft gericht op de staat, met de positieve verplichting om de mensenrechten van individuen te beschermen tegen inmenging van niet-statelijke actoren. Dit boek onderzoekt: ‘Hoe worden schendingen van mensenrechten (mede veroorzaakt) door niet-statelijke actoren behandeld in internationale mensenrechtenwetgeving en -praktijk, en hoe zou een multi-level governance-benadering toegepast kunnen worden om de mensenrechten van individuen beter te beschermen tegen het schadelijk gedrag van niet-statelijke actoren?’ Om dit te bereiken, is in de studie gekozen voor een ‘law and governance-benadering’, die verder kijkt dan alleen juridische oplossingen voor het bewerkstelligen van betere mensenrechtenbescherming. De theoretische, vergelijkende en kritische analyses van verschillende mensenrechtenstelsels op internationaal, regionaal en nationaal niveau bieden een grondig inzicht in de positie van niet-statelijke actoren in internationale mensenrechtenkaders en de uitdagingen die de wettelijke kaders ondervinden bij het beschermen van personen tegen inmenging door niet-statelijke actoren. Deze bevindingen worden gebruikt als basis om te suggereren dat er een multi-level governance-benadering van internationale mensenrechten moet worden gevolgd, waarin juridische en extra-juridische maatregelen worden genomen om niet-statelijke actoren aan te moedigen mensenrechtennormen te volgen. Twee case-studies van de Wereldbank en niet-statelijke gewapende groeperingen worden onderzocht om de huidige tekortkomingen in van mensenrechten bescherming in het juridische kader en in de praktijk te belichten, om aan te geven hoe een multi-level governance-benadering kan worden overwogen en welke soorten acties kunnen worden onder, A wide range of non-State actors have an ever-increasing effect on the enjoyment of individuals’ human rights. However, the current international human rights law framework does not place any direct obligations on non-State actors; the responsibility for protecting individuals’ human rights lies in the positive obligations of States, which should regulate and control non-State actors through their domestic legal systems. This book assesses how interferences with human rights caused by non-State actors are dealt with under international human rights law and practice, and how a multi-level governance approach could apply to better protect individuals’ human rights from the harmful conduct of non-State actors. The book provides an extensive comparative analysis of the extent to which international human rights law applies to non-State actors (i.e. the horizontal effect of human rights), examining legislation, jurisprudence and scholarly works at the international, regional and national levels. This analysis demonstrates that in practice three methods are used to apply international human rights standards to non-State actors, but that significant gaps in human rights protection remain. It is suggested that taking a multi-level governance approach to international human rights could fill some of these gaps by providing an inclusive, comprehensive and coordinated governance regime for the protection of international human rights. The two case studies of the World Bank and non-State armed groups are used to show some of the main downfalls of the current international legal framework and to suggest measures that could be taken under a multi-level governance approach to international human rights.

Published
2018

28. GROWTH IN HIV-EXPOSED AND -UNINFECTED INFANTS IN MALAWI AND RWANDA

Author

Lane, Charlotte

Abstract

Background: Infants are considered to be HIV-exposed and -uninfected (HEU) if they are exposed to the virus during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding, but do not acquire HIV. These infants may be at increased risk of poor health outcomes, including growth. Methods: This dissertation considers the growth of HEU infants in the Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral, and Nutrition study in Malawi and the Kigali Antiretroviral and Breastfeeding Assessment for the Elimination of HIV in Rwanda. These studies both enrolled HIV-positive pregnant and/or postpartum women and followed their HEU infants in resource restricted, urban settings. We first compare the growth trajectories of infants in these two countries through the use of SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation and latent class growth mixture modeling. We then consider the longitudinal interrelationship between maternal viral suppression, maternal weight change, breastfeeding, and infant growth through structural equation modeling. Finally, we investigate the relationship between inflammatory burden, measured through a latent variable, and growth. Results: We show some similarities in the growth patterns of HEU infants from Malawi and Rwanda. However, neonatal WAZ, maternal height, and maternal age, have different relationships with growth in these two contexts. In Kabeho, positive postpartum maternal weight change is related to longer infant length. Years the mother was on antiretroviral treatment and maternal viral suppression are related to smaller length at three months. Among BAN infants, inflammatory burden is related to growth in length and relative weight, but this relationship is variable by exposure to maternal supplementation and antiretroviral medications. The effect of inflammation on infant length is likely chronic and altered by the cause of inflammation. Conclusion: Public health officials should consider the unique risk factors for poor health in their own context when designing interventions to support the wellbeing of HEU infants. There may be long-term effects of exposure to antiretroviral therapy on infant growth that must be considered as well. We show that HIV-treatment approaches and inflammation may interact and relate to infant growth outcomes. More work is needed to further establish the effects of exposure to HIV and antiretroviral medications on infant growth in the modern era of widespread availability of treatment.

Published
2020
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33. Using a Quality Improvement Approach in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Program in Uganda Improves Key Outcomes and Is Sustainable in Demonstration Facilities: Partnership for HIV-Free Survival

Author

Flax, Valerie L., primary, Kasasa, Simon, additional, Ssendagire, Steven, additional, Lane, Charlotte, additional, Atuyambe, Lynn, additional, Lance, Peter M., additional, Ssengooba, Freddie, additional, Draru, Joyce, additional, and Bobrow, Emily A., additional

Published
2020
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34. The horizontal effect of international human rights law: Towards a multi-level governance approach

Author

Lane, Charlotte Lilian, Colombi Ciacchi, Aurelia, Brus, Marcel, Public Interests and Private Relationships, and Transboundary Legal Studies

Abstract

Veel niet-statelijke actoren kunnen het genot van mensenrechten enorm beïnvloeden. Desondanks hebben niet-statelijke actoren geen directe verplichtingen onder internationale mensenrechtenwetgeving; het internationale juridische kader voor mensenrechten blijft gericht op de staat, met de positieve verplichting om de mensenrechten van individuen te beschermen tegen inmenging van niet-statelijke actoren. Dit boek onderzoekt: ‘Hoe worden schendingen van mensenrechten (mede veroorzaakt) door niet-statelijke actoren behandeld in internationale mensenrechtenwetgeving en -praktijk, en hoe zou een multi-level governance-benadering toegepast kunnen worden om de mensenrechten van individuen beter te beschermen tegen het schadelijk gedrag van niet-statelijke actoren?’ Om dit te bereiken, is in de studie gekozen voor een ‘law and governance-benadering’, die verder kijkt dan alleen juridische oplossingen voor het bewerkstelligen van betere mensenrechtenbescherming. De theoretische, vergelijkende en kritische analyses van verschillende mensenrechtenstelsels op internationaal, regionaal en nationaal niveau bieden een grondig inzicht in de positie van niet-statelijke actoren in internationale mensenrechtenkaders en de uitdagingen die de wettelijke kaders ondervinden bij het beschermen van personen tegen inmenging door niet-statelijke actoren. Deze bevindingen worden gebruikt als basis om te suggereren dat er een multi-level governance-benadering van internationale mensenrechten moet worden gevolgd, waarin juridische en extra-juridische maatregelen worden genomen om niet-statelijke actoren aan te moedigen mensenrechtennormen te volgen. Twee case-studies van de Wereldbank en niet-statelijke gewapende groeperingen worden onderzocht om de huidige tekortkomingen in van mensenrechten bescherming in het juridische kader en in de praktijk te belichten, om aan te geven hoe een multi-level governance-benadering kan worden overwogen en welke soorten acties kunnen worden ondernomen onder een dergelijke benadering.

Published
2018

39. Abacavir Hypersensitivity Reaction Reporting Rates During a Decade ofHLA‐B*5701 Screening as a Risk‐Mitigation Measure

Author

Stainsby, Chris M., primary, Perger, Teodora M., additional, Vannappagari, Vani, additional, Mounzer, Karam C., additional, Hsu, Ricky K., additional, Henegar, Cassidy E., additional, Oyee, James, additional, Urbaityte, Rimgaile, additional, Lane, Charlotte E., additional, Carter, Lindsay M., additional, Pakes, Gary E., additional, and Shaefer, Mark S., additional

Published
2018
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42. Abacavir Hypersensitivity Reaction Reporting Rates During a Decade of HLA‐B*5701 Screening as a Risk‐Mitigation Measure.

Author

Stainsby, Chris M., Perger, Teodora M., Vannappagari, Vani, Mounzer, Karam C., Hsu, Ricky K., Henegar, Cassidy E., Oyee, James, Urbaityte, Rimgaile, Lane, Charlotte E., Carter, Lindsay M., Pakes, Gary E., and Shaefer, Mark S.

Subjects
HLA histocompatibility antigens, HIV-positive persons, HIV infections, ALLELES, CLINICAL trials
Abstract

Introduction: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B*5701 screening identifies patients at increased risk for abacavir (ABC) hypersensitivity reaction (HSR). Screening was adopted in GlaxoSmithKline and ViiV Healthcare clinical trials in 2007 and human immunodeficiency virus treatment guidelines in 2008. Company meta‐analyses of trials pre–HLA‐B*5701 screening reported HSR rates of 4–8%. We analyzed the effectiveness of HLA‐B*5701 screening on reducing HSR rates using clinical trial, Observational Pharmaco‐Epidemiology Research & Analysis (OPERA) cohort, and spontaneous reporting data. Methods: A meta‐analysis examined 12 trials in 3063 HLA‐B*5701–negative patients receiving an ABC‐containing regimen from April 9, 2007, to September 22, 2015. Potential cases were identified using prespecified Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) preferred terms (drug hypersensitivity, hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reaction, anaphylaxis) and adjudicated against a Company ABC HSR case definition. Investigator‐diagnosed cases were identified and rates were calculated. In the OPERA cohort, 9619 patients initiating their first ABC‐containing regimen from January 1, 1999, to January 1, 2016, were identified. Patients were observed from regimen start until the earliest‐following censoring event: ABC discontinuation, loss to follow‐up, death, or study end (July 31, 2016). OPERA physicians evaluated events against OPERA definitions for definite/probable cases of ABC HSR; rates were calculated pre‐ and post‐2008. The Company case definition was used to identify spontaneously reported cases for four marketed ABC‐containing products; reporting rates were calculated using estimated exposure from sales data, through December 31, 2016. Results: Suspected ABC HSR rates were 1.3% or less in the meta‐analysis. In the OPERA cohort, the rate was 0.4% among patients initiating ABC post‐2008 versus 1.3% pre‐2008 (p<0.0001). Spontaneous reporting rates were low post‐2008 (54 to 22 cases per 100,000 patient‐years exposure [PYE]) versus pre‐2008 (618 to 55 cases per 100,000 PYE). Conclusions: Clinically suspected ABC HSR rates were 1.3% or less in HLA‐B*5701–negative patients. Recognizing their limitations, data from the OPERA cohort and spontaneous reporting indicate that HLA‐B*5701 screening has reduced reporting rates of suspected HSR in clinical practice. Where screening for HLA‐B*5701 is standard care, patients should be confirmed negative for this allele before starting ABC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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45. Discovery and Optimization of Selective Nav1.8 Modulator Series That Demonstrate Efficacy in Preclinical Models of Pain

Author

Bagal, Sharan K., primary, Bungay, Peter J., additional, Denton, Stephen M., additional, Gibson, Karl R., additional, Glossop, Melanie S., additional, Hay, Tanya L., additional, Kemp, Mark I., additional, Lane, Charlotte A. L., additional, Lewis, Mark L., additional, Maw, Graham N., additional, Million, William A., additional, Payne, C. Elizabeth, additional, Poinsard, Cedric, additional, Rawson, David J., additional, Stammen, Blanda L., additional, Stevens, Edward B., additional, and Thompson, Lisa R., additional

Published
2015
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50. Inhalation by Design: Novel Ultra-Long-Acting β2-Adrenoreceptor Agonists for Inhaled Once-Daily Treatment of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease That Utilize a Sulfonamide Agonist Headgroup

Author

Glossop, Paul A., primary, Lane, Charlotte A. L., additional, Price, David A., additional, Bunnage, Mark E., additional, Lewthwaite, Russell A., additional, James, Kim, additional, Brown, Alan D., additional, Yeadon, Michael, additional, Perros-Huguet, Christelle, additional, Trevethick, Michael A., additional, Clarke, Nicholas P., additional, Webster, Robert, additional, Jones, Rhys M., additional, Burrows, Jane L., additional, Feeder, Neil, additional, Taylor, Stefan C. J., additional, and Spence, Fiona J., additional

Published
2010
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