Search

Background Neck pain is frequent in patients with migraine. Likewise, evidence for inflammatory processes in the trapezius muscles is accumulating. However, non-invasive and objectively assessable correlates are missing in vivo. Methods Twenty-one subjects with episodic migraine (mean age: 24.6 ± 3.1 years, 18 females) and 22 controls (mean age: 23.0 ± 2.2 years, 17 females) without any history of headache prospectively underwent physical examination and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the trapezius muscles. A T2‐prepared turbo spin-echo sequence was acquired for manual segmentation of the trapezius muscles and extraction of mean T2 values. Results There were no statistically significant differences regarding age, sex, body mass index, or number of myofascial trigger points (mTrPs) between groups. All patients with migraine presented with mTrPs in the trapezius muscles. T2 of the entire trapezius muscles was significantly higher in the migraine group when compared to controls (31.1 ± 0.8 ms vs. 30.1 ± 1.1 ms; p = 0.002). Conclusions Elevated T2 values of the trapezius muscles may indicate subtle inflammatory processes within musculature among patients with migraine because T2 increase is likely to stem from edematous changes. Future work may validate this finding in larger cohorts, but muscle T2 might have potential to develop into a viable in vivo biomarker for muscular affection in migraine., publishedVersion

Additional file 1: Table S1. Frequencies and relative risk of comorbidities by chapters of ICD-10-GM in the control and the migraine group.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cep-10.1177_03331024211021792 for Migraine and the development of additional psychiatric and pain disorders in the transition from adolescence to adulthood by Lucia Gerstl, Natalie Tadych, Florian Heinen, Christine Kainz, Michaela V Bonfert, Iris Hannibal, Kristina Huss, Ruth Ruscheweyh, Andreas Straube, Viola Obermeier, Rüdiger von Kries and Mirjam N Landgraf in Cephalalgia

Additional file 3: Table S3. Comparison of primary care physician and specialist raw costs in 2017 for control group and migraine group.

Additional file 4: Table S4. Excess costs of specific diseases and disease related difference in migraine and control group. * G Diagnosis without ICD G43 and G44,** R diagnosis without ICD R51.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Costs of painkillers and other possibly headache-related drugs.

Purpose: Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) has been successfully applied recently in migraineurs to alleviate migraine symptoms. Symptom relief has been achieved by stimulating myofascial trigger points (mTrPs) of the trapezius muscles, which are considered part of the trigemino-cervical complex (TCC). However, effects on musculature have not been assessed in detail, and the specificity of effects to muscles considered part of the TCC yet has to be elucidated. Against this background, this study presents the setup of rPMS in migraine and evaluates effects on skeletal musculature. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven adults (mean age: 25.0 ± 4.1 years, 36 females) suffering from migraine and presenting mTrPs according to physical examination underwent rPMS either to mTrPs in the trapezius muscles (considered part of the TCC; n = 19) or deltoid muscles (considered not part of the TCC; n = 18) during six sessions over the course of 2 weeks. Standardized questionnaires were filled in to assess any adverse events and experience with rPMS as well as satisfaction and benefits from stimulation. Algometry was performed to evaluate changes in pressure pain thresholds (PPTs). Results: All stimulation sessions were successfully performed without adverse events, with 84.2% of subjects of the trapezius group and 94.4% of subjects of the deltoid group describing rPMS as comfortable (p = 0.736). Muscular pain or tension improved in 73.7% of subjects of the trapezius group and in 61.1% of subjects of the deltoid group (p = 0.077). PPTs of the trapezius muscles clearly increased from the first to the last stimulation sessions—regardless of the stimulated muscle (rPMS to the trapezius or deltoid muscles). However, depending on the examined muscles the increase of PPTs differed significantly (subjects with stimulation of trapezius muscles: p = 0.021; subjects with stimulation of deltoid muscles: p = 0.080). Conclusion: rPMS is a comfortable method in migraineurs that can improve local muscular pain or tension. Furthermore, it is able to increase directly and indirectly the PPTs of the trapezius muscles (considered part of the TCC) when applied over mTrPs, supporting the role of the TCC in migraineurs.

Supplemental Material for Age- and sex-specific first health care use for migraine in 2016 in children and adolescents from prospectively collected health insurance data in Germany by Lucia Albers, Rüdiger von Kries, Andreas Straube, Florian Heinen, Mirjam N Landgraf, Viola Obermeier and Ruth Ruscheweyh in Cephalalgia