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1. The impact of low-mode symmetry on inertial fusion energy output in the burning plasma state

Author

Ralph, J. E., Ross, J. S., Zylstra, A. B., Kritcher, A. L., Robey, H. F., Young, C. V., Hurricane, O. A., Pak, A., Callahan, D. A., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Pape, S. Le, Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H. W., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K. D., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T. J., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H. G., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Trosseille, C., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2024
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2. Platform for Probing Radiation Transport Properties of Hydrogen at Conditions Found in the Deep Interiors of Red Dwarfs

Author

Lütgert, J., Bethkenhagen, M., Bachmann, B., Divol, L., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Hall, G. N., Izumi, N., Khan, S. F., Landen, O. L., MacLaren, S. A., Masse, L., Redmer, R., Schörner, M., Schölmerich, M. O., Schumacher, S., Shaffer, N. R., Starrett, C. E., Sterne, P. A., Trosseille, C., Döppner, T., and Kraus, D.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We describe an experimental concept at the National Ignition Facility for specifically tailored spherical implosions to compress hydrogen to extreme densities (up to $\sim$800$\times$ solid density, electron number density n$_e$$\sim$4$\times$10$^{25}$ cm$^{-3}$ ) at moderate temperatures (T$\sim$200 eV), i.e., to conditions, which are relevant to the interiors of red dwarf stars. The dense plasma will be probed by laser-generated x-ray radiation of different photon energy to determine the plasma opacity due to collisional (free-free) absorption and Thomson scattering. The obtained results will benchmark radiation transport models, which in the case for free-free absorption show strong deviations at conditions relevant to red dwarfs. This very first experimental test of free-free opacity models at these extreme states will help to constrain where inside those celestial objects energy transport is dominated by radiation or convection. Moreover, our study will inform models for other important processes in dense plasmas, which are based on electron-ion collisions, e.g., stopping of swift ions or electron-ion temperature relaxation.

Published
2023
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3. Experiments conducted in the burning plasma regime with inertial fusion implosions

Author

Ross, J. S., Ralph, J. E., Zylstra, A. B., Kritcher, A. L., Robey, H. F., Young, C. V., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Doeppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Pape, S. Le, Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Hopkins, L. Berzak, Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Johnson, M. Gatu, Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Kleinrath, H. Geppert, Kleinrath, V. Geppert, Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J. -M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

An experimental program is currently underway at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to compress deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel to densities and temperatures sufficient to achieve fusion and energy gain. The primary approach being investigated is indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF), where a high-Z radiation cavity (a hohlraum) is heated by lasers, converting the incident energy into x-ray radiation which in turn drives the DT fuel filled capsule causing it to implode. Previous experiments reported DT fuel gain exceeding unity [O.A. Hurricane et al., Nature 506, 343 (2014)] and then exceeding the kinetic energy of the imploding fuel [S. Le Pape et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 245003 (2018)]. We report on recent experiments that have achieved record fusion neutron yields on NIF, greater than 100 kJ with momentary fusion powers exceeding 1PW, and have for the first time entered the burning plasma regime where fusion alpha-heating of the fuel exceeds the energy delivered to the fuel via compression. This was accomplished by increasing the size of the high-density carbon (HDC) capsule, increasing energy coupling, while controlling symmetry and implosion design parameters. Two tactics were successful in controlling the radiation flux symmetry and therefore the implosion symmetry: transferring energy between laser cones via plasma waves, and changing the shape of the hohlraum. In conducting these experiments, we controlled for known sources of degradation. Herein we show how these experiments were performed to produce record performance, and demonstrate the data fidelity leading us to conclude that these shots have entered the burning plasma regime.

Published
2021

6. Measurement of early time outer laser beam reflection inside a cylindrical hohlraum at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Chen, Hui, primary, Woods, D. T., additional, Lemos, N., additional, Rosen, M., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Schneider, M. B., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Delora-Ellefson, J., additional, Hardy, M., additional, Hash, N., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Holder, J., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Masters, N., additional, Montgomery, W., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Newman, K., additional, Rogers, S., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Smalyuk, V., additional, Weber, C., additional, and Zobrist, T., additional

Published
2024
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7. Design of inertial fusion implosions reaching the burning plasma regime

Author

Kritcher, A. L., Young, C. V., Robey, H. F., Weber, C. R., Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Ralph, J. E., Ross, J. S., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Clark, D. S., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Hopkins, L. Berzak, Le Pape, S., Meezan, N. B., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J. A., Gaffney, J. A., Johnson, M. Gatu, Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kruse, M. K. G., Kroll, J. J., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Trosseille, C., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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8. Inference of the electron temperature in ICF implosions from the hard X-ray spectral continuum

Author

Kagan, Grigory, Landen, O. L., Svyatskiy, D., Sio, H., Kabadi, N. V., Simpson, R. A., Johnson, M. Gatu, Frenje, J. A., Petrasso, R. D., Shah, R. C., Joshi, T. R., Hakel, P., Weber, T. E., Rinderknecht, H. G., Thorn, D., Schneider, M., Bradley, D., and Kilkenny, J.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Using the free-free continuum self-emission spectrum at photon energies above 15 keV is one of the most promising concepts for assessing the electron temperature in ICF experiments. However, these photons are due to suprathermal electrons whose mean-free-path is much larger than thermal, making their distribution deviate from Maxwellian in a finite-size hot-spot. The first study of the free-free X-ray emission from an ICF implosion is conducted with the kinetic modifications to the electron distribution accounted for. These modifications are found to result in qualitatively new features in the hard X-ray spectral continuum. Inference of the electron temperature as if the emitting electrons are Maxwellian is shown to give a lower value than the actual one., Comment: Revised version accepted for publication

Published
2017

9. Phase retrieval for refraction-enhanced x-ray radiography using a deep neural network.

Author

Jiang, S., Landen, O. L., Whitley, H. D., Hamel, S., London, R. A., Sterne, P., Hansen, S. B., Hu, S. X., Collins, G. W., and Ping, Y.

Subjects
*ARTIFICIAL neural networks, *RADIOGRAPHY, *X-ray absorption, *X-rays, *ALGORITHMS
Abstract

X-ray refraction-enhanced radiography (RER) or phase contrast imaging is widely used to study internal discontinuities within materials. The resulting radiograph captures both the decrease in intensity caused by material absorption along the x-ray path, as well as the phase shift, which is highly sensitive to gradients in density. A significant challenge lies in effectively analyzing the radiographs to decouple the intensity and phase information and accurately ascertain the density profile. Conventional algorithms often yield ambiguous and unrealistic results due to difficulties in including physical constraints and other relevant information. We have developed an algorithm that uses a deep neural network to address these issues and applied it to extract the detailed density profile from an experimental RER. To generalize the applicability of our algorithm, we have developed a technique that quantitatively evaluates the complexity of the phase retrieval process based on the characteristics of the sample and the configuration of the experiment. Accordingly, this evaluation aids in the selection of the neural network architecture for each specific case. Beyond RER, the model has potential applications for other diagnostics where phase retrieval analysis is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. High-yield implosion modeling using the Frustraum: Assessing and controlling the formation of polar jets and enhancing implosion performance with applied magnetization.

Author

Ho, D. D.-M., Amendt, P. A., Baker, K. L., Landen, O. L., Lindl, J. D., Marinak, M. M., Sio, H., Velikovich, A. L., Zimmerman, G. B., Kritcher, A. L., Dewald, E. L., Mariscal, D. A., Salmonson, J. D., and Weber, C. R.

Subjects
IMPLOSIONS, ION temperature, GOVERNMENT laboratories, URANIUM, RADIATION, INERTIAL confinement fusion
Abstract

Frustraums have a higher laser-to-capsule x-ray radiation coupling efficiency and can accommodate a large capsule, thus potentially generating a higher yield with less laser energy than cylindrical Hohlraums for a given Hohlraum volume [Amendt et al., Phys. Plasmas 26, 082707 (2019]. Frustraums are expected to have less m = 4 azimuthal asymmetries arising from the intrinsic inner-laser-beam geometry on the National Ignition Facility. An experimental campaign at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to demonstrate the high-coupling efficiency and radiation symmetry tuning of the Frustraum has been under way since 2021. Simulations benchmarked against experimental data show that implosions using Frustraums can achieve more yield with higher ignition margins than cylindrical Hohlraums using the same laser energy. Hydrodynamic jets in capsules along the Hohlraum axis, driven by radiation-flux asymmetries in a Hohlraum with a gold liner on a depleted uranium (DU) wall, are present around stagnation, and these "polar" jets can cause severe yield degradation. The early-time Legendre mode P4 < 0 radiation-flux asymmetry is a leading cause of these jets, which can be reduced by using an unlined DU Hohlraum because the shape of the shell is predicted to be more prolate. Magnetization can increase the implosion robustness and reduce the required hotspot ρ R for ignition; therefore, magnetizing the Frustraum can maintain the same yield while reducing the required laser energy or increase the yield using the same laser energy—all under the constraint that the ignition margin is preserved. Reducing polar jets is particularly important for magnetized implosions because of the intrinsic toroidal hotspot ion temperature topology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion

Author

Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Kritcher, A. L., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Young, C. V., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert Kleinrath, H., Geppert Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Trosseille, C., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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15. The crucial role of diagnostics in achieving ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF).

Author

Kilkenny, J. D., Pak, A., Landen, O. L., Moore, A. S., Meezan, N. B., Haan, S. W., Hsing, W. W., Batha, S. H., Bradley, D. K., Gatu-Johnson, M., Mackinnon, A. J., Regan, S. P., and Smalyuk, V. A.

Subjects
TREND analysis, SCIENTIFIC discoveries, FALSIFICATION, LASERS, LOGIC
Abstract

Well over 100 diagnostics can operate on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) as a result of several decades of development on NIF, and before that on Nova, OMEGA, and earlier LLNL lasers. A subset of these have guided the approach to achieving ignition on the NIF in 2022 [H. Abu-Shawareb et al. (Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129(7), 075001 (2022)]. Achieving ignition on NIF has required many types of experiments with this core set of diagnostics, some constraining known unknowns and some revealing surprises—arguably unknown unknowns. Early design work realized that the extreme precision required for ignition on NIF would require fine-tuning by experiment, that is, measuring and adjusting known unknowns. Many examples are given where the use of the core set of ignition diagnostics in experimental arrangements called platforms demonstrated control of the key theoretical parameters defined as shape, adiabat, velocity, and mix. The direction of the adjustments to input conditions is found either by trend analysis or, in many cases, by observing from the diagnostic data the direction to make an adjustment. In addition, diagnostics have revealed some unexpected or neglected known issues, which degrade performance, or unexpected issues, unknown unknowns. Some of these factors had been previously considered, but underestimated or difficult to calculate at the time. The overall methodology can be described as a variant of Popper's falsifiability philosophy [K. Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery (Hutchinson, 1974)]. This paper summarizes the role of ignition diagnostics in terms of falsification or validation of theory or experimental setup as well as uncovering unexpected issues. The journey to ignition started in the seventies with a 1-µm wavelength laser producing disastrous results. Diagnostics have guided us to the recent multi-decadal goal of demonstrating ignition and burn in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. What next: Further implosion space exploration on the path to NIF extended yield capability.

Author

Landen, O. L., Nora, R. C., Lindl, J. D., Kritcher, A. L., Haan, S. W., Rosen, M. D., Pak, A., Divol, L., Baker, K. L., Amendt, P. A., Ho, D. D.-M., Milovich, J. L., Ralph, J. E., Clark, D. S., Humbird, K. D., Hohenberger, M., Weber, C. R., Tommasini, R., Casey, D. T., and Young, C. V.

Subjects
*INERTIAL confinement fusion, *IMPLOSIONS, *SPACE exploration, *KINETIC energy, *ABLATIVE materials
Abstract

We present quantitative motivations and assessments of various proposed and ongoing directions to further improving yields and target gain of igniting indirect-drive implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These include increasing compression and confinement time, improving hohlraum and ablator efficiency, and further increasing peak power and laser energy. 1D hydroscaled simulations, augmented by analytic 1D theory, have been used to project yield improvements for each of these implosion optimization tracks, normalized to the best current performing 4 MJ shot. At current NIF capabilities of 2.2 MJ, 450 TW, we project several paths could reach 15 MJ yield levels. We also expect several key implosion physics questions will be addressed in attempting to reach this yield level. These include demonstrating to what extent lower adiabat designs leading to higher compression will increase gain and efficiency, and whether we can reduce residual kinetic energy and ablator-fuel mix that is probably limiting the current burn-up fraction. For an envisaged NIF upgrade to EL = 3 MJ at fixed 450 TW peak power, scaling capsule size and fuel thicknesses faster than pure hydroscaling should allow for yields that could reach up to 60–80 MJ, depending on the efficiency gains realized in increasing deuterium-tritium fuel thickness, reducing hohlraum losses, and switching to lower Z ablators. The laser-plasma instability and beam transmission scaling in these larger hohlraums is shown to be favorable if the spot size is increased with hohlraum scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Energy Principles of Scientific Breakeven in an Inertial Fusion Experiment

Author

Hurricane, O. A., primary, Callahan, D. A., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Christopherson, A. R., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Maclaren, S. A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Ralph, J., additional, Schlossberg, D., additional, Springer, P. T., additional, Young, C. V., additional, and Zylstra, A. B., additional

Published
2024
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18. Design of the first fusion experiment to achieve target energy gain G>1

Author

Kritcher, A. L., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Divol, L., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Humbird, K., additional, Jones, O., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, Maclaren, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Allen, A., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Braun, T., additional, Brunton, G., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Chapman, T., additional, Choate, C., additional, Dewald, E., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Haan, S., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Kur, E., additional, Kustowski, B., additional, Kong, C., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Larson, D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Marinak, M., additional, Millot, M., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Pak, A., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Suratwala, T. I., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Town, R., additional, Woodworth, B., additional, Van Wonterghem, B., additional, and Wild, C., additional

Published
2024
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19. Observations and properties of the first laboratory fusion experiment to exceed a target gain of unity

Author

Pak, A., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Dewald, E., additional, Divol, L., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Aybar, N., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Aghaian, L., additional, Allen, A., additional, Baxamusa, S. H., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Choate, C., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Crippen, J. W., additional, Danly, C., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Durocher, M., additional, Erickson, M., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, Freeman, M., additional, Havre, M., additional, Hayes, S., additional, Hilsabeck, T., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Humbird, K. D., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kim, Y. H., additional, Kong, C., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Suratwala, T., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Van Wonterghem, B., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Wild, C., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Wooddy, P. T., additional, Woodworth, B. N., additional, and Young, C. V., additional

Published
2024
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20. Hohlraum Reheating from Burning NIF Implosions

Author

Rubery, M. S., primary, Rosen, M. D., additional, Aybar, N., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Divol, L., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Weber, C., additional, Hammer, J., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Hurricane, O., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, MacLaren, S., additional, Zimmerman, G., additional, Harte, J., additional, and Woods, T., additional

Published
2024
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21. Measurement of mix at the fuel–ablator interface in indirectly driven capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Hall, G. N., primary, Weber, C. R., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Pak, A., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Marley, E., additional, Ebert, T., additional, Bradley, D. K., additional, Hsing, W., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Pape, S. Le, additional, Divol, L., additional, Krauland, C. M., additional, Thompson, N., additional, Casco, E. R., additional, Ayers, M. J., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Carpenter, A. C., additional, Hurd, E. R., additional, Dayton, M. S., additional, Engelhorn, K., additional, and Holder, J. P., additional

Published
2024
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23. Increased compression in HDC-based ablator implosions using modified drive profile

Author

Tommasini, R., primary, Casey, D. T., additional, Clark, D., additional, Do, A., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Weber, C., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Kerr, S., additional, Krauland, C., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Millot, M., additional, Milovich, J., additional, Nora, R. C., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, Schlossberg, D., additional, Woodworth, B., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Holunga, D. M., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, and Stadermann, M., additional

Published
2023
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24. Raman backscatter as a remote laser power sensor in high-energy-density plasmas

Author

Moody, J. D., Strozzi, D. J., Divol, L., Michel, P., Robey, H. F., LePape, S., Ralph, J., Ross, J. S., Glenzer, S. H., Kirkwood, R. K., Landen, O. L., MacGowan, B. J., Nikroo, A., and Williams, E. A.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Stimulated Raman backscatter (SRS) is used as a remote sensor to quantify the instantaneous laser power after transfer from outer to inner cones that cross in a National Ignition Facility (NIF) gas-filled hohlraum plasma. By matching SRS between a shot reducing outer vs a shot reducing inner power we infer that ~half of the incident outer-cone power is transferred to inner cones, for the specific time and wavelength configuration studied. This is the first instantaneous non-disruptive measure of power transfer in an indirect drive NIF experiment using optical measurements., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

Published
2013
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25. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure of dynamically-compressed copper up to 1 terapascal

Author

Sio, H., primary, Krygier, A., additional, Braun, D. G., additional, Rudd, R. E., additional, Bonev, S. A., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Millot, M., additional, Fratanduono, D. E., additional, Bhandarkar, N., additional, Bitter, M., additional, Bradley, D. K., additional, Efthimion, P. C., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Gao, L., additional, Hill, K. W., additional, Hood, R., additional, Hsing, W., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Kemp, G., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Le Galloudec, K., additional, Lockard, T. E., additional, Mackinnon, A., additional, McNaney, J. M., additional, Ose, N., additional, Park, H.-S., additional, Remington, B. A., additional, Schneider, M. B., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Thorn, D. B., additional, Vonhof, S., additional, Wu, C. J., additional, and Ping, Y., additional

Published
2023
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26. Measurements of improved stability to achieve higher fuel compression in ICF

Author

Do, A., primary, Casey, D. T., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Chapman, T. D, additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Chen, H., additional, Choate, C., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Divol, L., additional, Fathi, G., additional, Fittinghoff, D. N., additional, Hall, G. N., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Holunga, D. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Millot, M., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Woodworth, B. N., additional, Yanagisawa, D. K., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Danly, C. R., additional, Durocher, M., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Kim, Y., additional, Meaney, K. D, additional, Wilde, C. H., additional, Johnson, M. Gatu, additional, Allen, A., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Kong, C., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, and Wild, C., additional

Published
2023
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27. First large capsule implosions in a frustum-shaped hohlraum

Author

Baker, K. L., primary, Amendt, P. A., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Khan, S., additional, Haan, S. W., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, Mariscal, D., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, MacLaren, S., additional, Ping, Y., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D. N., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Johnson, M. Gatu, additional, Kim, Y., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Nora, R., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, and Wilde, C. H., additional

Published
2023
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28. Correlations between asymmetric compression, burn amplification, and hot-spot velocities in inertial confinement fusion implosions

Author

Nora, R. C., primary, Birge, N., additional, Casey, D., additional, Danly, C., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Djordjevic, B. Z., additional, Do, A., additional, Durocher, M., additional, Field, J. E., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, Gaffney, J., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Haan, S., additional, Hahn, K., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Kerr, S., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Milovich, J., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Patel, P., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, and Wilde, C., additional

Published
2023
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29. Publisher Correction: Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion

Author

Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Kritcher, A. L., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Young, C. V., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert Kleinrath, H., Geppert Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Trosseille, C., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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31. Dynamics and Power Balance of Near Unity Target Gain Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions

Author

Pak, A., primary, Divol, L., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Doeppner, T., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, Fittinghoff, D. N., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, H., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J., additional, Kerr, S., additional, Kim, Y., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Lamb, K., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Meaney, K. D., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, and Town, R. P. J., additional

Published
2023
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32. Observing the onset of pressure-driven K-shell delocalization

Author

Döppner, T., primary, Bethkenhagen, M., additional, Kraus, D., additional, Neumayer, P., additional, Chapman, D. A., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baggott, R. A., additional, Böhme, M. P., additional, Divol, L., additional, Falcone, R. W., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, MacDonald, M. J., additional, Saunders, A. M., additional, Schörner, M., additional, Sterne, P. A., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Witte, B. B. L., additional, Yi, A., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, and Gericke, D. O., additional

Published
2023
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33. Control of low-mode drive asymmetry in an efficient long-pulse low gas-fill density Hohlraum

Author

Izumi, N., primary, Döppner, T., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Chapman, T., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Hatala, C. V. Houldin, additional, Khan, S., additional, Kroll, J. J., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Marin, E., additional, Mariscal, D., additional, Mauldin, M., additional, Millot, M., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Newman, K., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Tubman, E., additional, Vonhof, S., additional, and Wall, J., additional

Published
2023
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34. Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility

Author

Baker, K. L., primary, Thomas, C. A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Haan, S., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Young, C., additional, Nora, R., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Jones, O., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Khan, S., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Meezan, N. B., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Hinkel, D., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Weber, C., additional, Clark, D., additional, Woods, D. T., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Strozzi, D., additional, Kritcher, A., additional, Robey, H. F., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Amendt, P. A., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Benedetti, L. R., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Goyon, C., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Kyrala, G., additional, Ma, T., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Turnbull, D., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Yeamans, C., additional, and Wilde, C., additional

Published
2023
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35. Observing the onset of pressure-driven K-shell delocalization

Author

Döppner, T., Bethkenhagen, M., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Neumayer, P., Chapman, D. A., Bachmann, B., Baggott, R. A., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., Divol, L., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Landen, O. L., Macdonald, M. J., Saunders, A. M., Schörner, M., Sterne, P. A., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Witte, B. B. L., Yi, A., Redmer, R., Glenzer, S. H., Gericke, D. O., Döppner, T., Bethkenhagen, M., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Neumayer, P., Chapman, D. A., Bachmann, B., Baggott, R. A., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., Divol, L., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Landen, O. L., Macdonald, M. J., Saunders, A. M., Schörner, M., Sterne, P. A., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Witte, B. B. L., Yi, A., Redmer, R., Glenzer, S. H., and Gericke, D. O.

Abstract

The gravitational pressure in many astrophysical objects exceeds one Gigabar (1 billion atmospheres) for a large part of their interior. At theses extreme conditions, matter is compressed to a state where the distance between nuclei becomes as small as the K-shell, containing the most tightly bound electrons, of light elements. These strong interactions of neighbouring particles modify existing bound states and, above a certain pressure, drive the electrons into a delocalised, conducting state. Both modified bound states and increased ionisation significantly affect the equation of state and radiation transport which, in turn, determine the evolution and structure of these objects. Still, our understanding of this transition is far from satisfying and, up to now, experimental data are sparse due to the extreme conditions required. Here, we report on an experiment that creates and diagnoses matter at pressures above 3 Gigabar by utilising the full capabilities of the National Ignition Facility where 184 laser beams were used to implode a beryllium shell, generating highly compressed states. Bright X-ray flashes enable precision radiography and X-ray Thomson scattering measurements revealing both the macroscopic and the microscopic state of the highly compressed beryllium. The inelastic scattering component shows clear signs of quantum degenerate electrons with the density reaching up to 30 times compression, and a temperature of around 2 million Kelvin. At the most extreme conditions, we also observe strongly reduced elastic scattering, which mainly originates from bound K-shell electrons. We attribute this reduction to the onset of delocalisation of the remaining K-shell electron. With this interpretation, the ion charge inferred from the scattering data agrees well with ab initio simulations, but it is significantly higher than widely used models predict. Our results yield a profound understanding of matter in the interior of brown and white dwarfs and will enhance

Published
2023

36. Alpha heating of indirect-drive layered implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Baker, K. L., primary, MacLaren, S., additional, Jones, O., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Nora, R., additional, Divol, L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Anderson, G. J., additional, Gaffney, J., additional, Kruse, M., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Christopherson, A. R., additional, Salmonson, J., additional, Hartouni, E. P., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Dewald, E., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Weber, C., additional, Clark, D., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Khan, S., additional, Woods, T., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Berger, R. L., additional, Strozzi, D., additional, Kritcher, A., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Benedetti, R., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Kyrala, G., additional, Ma, T., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Pak, A., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Yeamans, C., additional, and Wilde, C., additional

Published
2023
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37. Developing a platform for Fresnel diffractive radiography with 1 μm spatial resolution at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Schoelmerich, M. O., primary, Döppner, T., additional, Allen, C. H., additional, Divol, L., additional, Oliver, M., additional, Haden, D., additional, Biener, M., additional, Crippen, J., additional, Delora-Ellefson, J., additional, Ferguson, B., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Haid, A., additional, Heinbockel, C., additional, Kalantar, D., additional, Karmiol, Z., additional, Kemp, G., additional, Kroll, J., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Masters, N., additional, Ping, Y., additional, Spindloe, C., additional, Theobald, W., additional, and White, T. G., additional

Published
2023
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38. A 2–4 keV multilayer mirrored channel for the NIF Dante system

Author

Rubery, M. S., primary, Ose, N., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Carrera, J., additional, Mariscal, E., additional, Ayers, J., additional, Bell, P., additional, Mackinnon, A., additional, Bradley, D., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Thompson, N., additional, Carpenter, A., additional, Winters, S., additional, Ehrlich, B., additional, Sarginson, T., additional, Rendon, A., additional, Liebman, J., additional, Johnson, K., additional, Merril, D., additional, Grant, G., additional, Shingleton, N., additional, Taylor, A., additional, Ruchonnet, G., additional, Stanley, J., additional, Cohen, M., additional, Kohut, T., additional, Issavi, R., additional, Norris, J., additional, Wright, J., additional, Stevers, J., additional, Masters, N., additional, Latray, D., additional, Kilkenny, J., additional, Stolte, W. C., additional, Conlon, C. S., additional, Troussel, Ph., additional, Villette, B., additional, Emprin, B., additional, Wrobel, R., additional, Lejars, A., additional, Chaleil, A., additional, Bridou, F., additional, and Delmotte, F., additional

Published
2022
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39. Publisher's Note: “Platform for probing radiation transport properties of hydrogen at conditions found in the deep interiors of red dwarfs” [Phys. Plasmas 29, 083301 (2022)]

Author

Lütgert, J., primary, Bethkenhagen, M., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Divol, L., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Hall, G. N., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Masse, L., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Schörner, M., additional, Schölmerich, M. O., additional, Schumacher, S., additional, Shaffer, N. R., additional, Starrett, C. E., additional, Sterne, P. A., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Döppner, T., additional, and Kraus, D., additional

Published
2022
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41. Optimization of Backscatter and Symmetry for Laser Fusion Experiments Using Multiple Tunable Wavelengths

Author

Ralph, J. E., primary, Michel, P., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Meezan, N. B., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M., additional, Heebner, J. E., additional, Hernandez, V. J, additional, Pelz, L., additional, Yang, S., additional, Lemos, N., additional, Divol, L., additional, Kemp, A., additional, Chapman, T., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Town, R. P. J., additional, and Edwards, M. J., additional

Published
2022
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42. Specular reflections (“glint”) of the inner beams in a gas-filled cylindrical hohlraum

Author

Lemos, N., primary, Farmer, W. A., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Chen, H., additional, Kur, E., additional, Pak, A., additional, Pollock, B. B., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Jones, O. S., additional, Chapman, T., additional, Meezan, N. B., additional, Michel, P. A., additional, and Landen, O. L., additional

Published
2022
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44. Compensating cylindrical Hohlraum mode 4 asymmetry via capsule thickness tailoring and effects on implosions

Author

Dewald, E. L., primary, Clark, D. S., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Mariscal, D., additional, Nicola, P. Di, additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Hartouni, E. P., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Choate, C., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Fitzsimmons, P., additional, Farrell, M., additional, Mauldin, M., additional, and Rice, N., additional

Published
2022
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45. Hohlraum Living Document 2019Nov5

Author

Hinkel, D E, primary, Callahan, D A, additional, Edwards, M J, additional, Jones, O S, additional, Laffite, S, additional, Gauthier, P, additional, Michel, P A, additional, Masson-Laborde, P E, additional, Landen, O L, additional, Meezan, N B, additional, Moody, J D, additional, and Schneider, M B, additional

Published
2019
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46. Experimental achievement and signatures of ignition at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Zylstra, A. B., primary, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Pak, A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Chen, H., additional, Choate, C., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Divol, L., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Gharibyan, N., additional, Haan, S., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Huang, H., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Jones, O., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Kong, C., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Newman, K., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Rice, N. G., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Sater, J., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Sequoia, K., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Tubman, E. R., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Wild, C., additional, Woods, D. T., additional, Yang, S. T., additional, and Young, C. V., additional

Published
2022
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47. Design of an inertial fusion experiment exceeding the Lawson criterion for ignition

Author

Kritcher, A. L., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Pak, A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Chen, H., additional, Choate, C., additional, Divol, L., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Gharibyan, N., additional, Haan, S., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Huang, H., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Jones, O., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Kong, C., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Newman, K., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Rice, N. G., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Sater, J., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Sequoia, K., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Tubman, E. R., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Wild, C., additional, Woods, D. T., additional, and Yang, S. T., additional

Published
2022
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48. Platform for probing radiation transport properties of hydrogen at conditions found in the deep interiors of red dwarfs

Author

Lütgert, J., primary, Bethkenhagen, M., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Divol, L., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Hall, G. N., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Masse, L., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Schörner, M., additional, Schölmerich, M. O., additional, Schumacher, S., additional, Shaffer, N. R., additional, Starrett, C. E., additional, Sterne, P. A., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Döppner, T., additional, and Kraus, D., additional

Published
2022
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49. Hydroscaling indirect-drive implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Baker, K. L., primary, Jones, O., additional, Weber, C., additional, Clark, D., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Nora, R., additional, Anderson, G. J., additional, Gaffney, J., additional, MacLaren, S., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Salmonson, J., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Khan, S., additional, Zylstra, A., additional, Kritcher, A., additional, Amendt, P., additional, Smalyuk, V., additional, Lindl, J., additional, Young, C., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Ho, D., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Woods, T., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, and Wilde, C., additional

Published
2022
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50. Platform for Probing Radiation Transport Properties of Hydrogen at Conditions Found in the Deep Interiors of Red Dwarfs

Author

(0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., Bethkenhagen, M., Bachmann, B., Divol, L., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Hall, G. N., Izumi, N., Khan, S. F., Landen, O. L., Maclaren, S. A., Masse, L., Redmer, R., Schörner, M., Schölmerich, M. O., Schumacher, S., Shaffer, N. R., Starrett, C. E., Sterne, P. A., Döppner, T., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., Bethkenhagen, M., Bachmann, B., Divol, L., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Hall, G. N., Izumi, N., Khan, S. F., Landen, O. L., Maclaren, S. A., Masse, L., Redmer, R., Schörner, M., Schölmerich, M. O., Schumacher, S., Shaffer, N. R., Starrett, C. E., Sterne, P. A., Döppner, T., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.

Abstract

We describe an experimental concept at the National Ignition Facility for specifically tailored spherical im- plosions to compress hydrogen to extreme densities (up to ∼ 800× solid density, electron number density ne ∼ 4 × 10^25 cm−3) at moderate temperatures (T ∼ 200 eV), i.e. to conditions, which are relevant to the interiors of red dwarf stars. The dense plasma will be probed by laser-generated X-ray radiation of differ- ent photon energy to determine the plasma opacity due to collisional (free-free) absorption and Thomson scattering. The obtained results will benchmark radiation transport models, which in the case for free-free absorption show strong deviations at conditions relevant to red dwarfs. This very first experimental test of free-free opacity models at these extreme states will help to constrain where inside those celestial objects energy transport is dominated by radiation or convection. Moreover, our study will inform models for other important processes in dense plasmas, which are based on electron-ion collisions, e.g. stopping of swift ions or electron-ion temperature relaxation.

Published
2022

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