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Beauveria bassiana is one of the most promising entomopathogenic fungus species utilized for pest control. The pathogenicity of B. bassiana was tested by spraying spore suspension directly on third instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. The highest larval mortality (80.00%) was achieved by application of spore load of 1011 conidia/ml. It is needed to determine the effects of pesticides on B. bassiana as it is to be included in a pest management program. The compatibility of fungi with selected pesticides commonly used in plant protection was investigated in this study. Nine different insecticides were evaluated at two different doses (recommended dose and half of recommended dose) under in vitro condition against B. bassiana by poison food technique. Fipronil and spiromesifen significantly supported the maximum growth (4.03 and 3.85 cm, respectively) of B. bassiana at half of recommended dose, while the remaining insecticides appeared to be toxic to the tested fungus. Ten different fungicides were also tested in vitro against B. bassiana at half and recommended doses; potassium phosphonate supported maximum radial mycelial growth of 2.98 cm (at half of recommended dose) and 2.36 cm (at recommended dose), whereas carbendazim + mancozeb and fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin appeared harmful by restricting the growth of the B. bassiana at both doses. This study demonstrated the varying pesticide effects on fungi; however, their actual effects at the cellular and field levels must be investigated to determine whether the effects are permanent or temporary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some new insecticides against sucking insect pests viz., leafhopper, aphid and whitefly in okra. Three sprays of different concentrations of insecticides viz., Thiamethoxam 25 WG, Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC and Triazophos 40 EC were made at 15 days interval on the okra variety Akola Bahar, sown at Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during Kharif 2012. All the treatments were found to be superior over the untreated control. Amongst the treatments tested, the cumulative effect of foliar spray of Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.006 percent was effective against aphids followed by Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.004 percent, Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.008 percent, Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.009 percent, Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.005 percent, Triazophos 40 EC @ 0.025 percent, Triazophos 40 EC @ 0.031 percent, Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.006 percent and Triazophos 40 EC @ 0.04 percent. While, Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.006 percent was effective against jassids population followed by Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.008 percent, Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.009 percent, Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.004 percent, Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.005 percent, Triazophos 40 EC @ 0.025 percent, Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.006 percent, Triazophos 40 EC @ 0.031 percent and Triazophos 40 EC @ 0.04 percent. Also, in case of whitefly the effective treatment recorded Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.006 percent followed by the treatments Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.004 percent, Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.005 percent, Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.008 percent, Triazophos 40 EC @ 0.025 percent, Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.006 percent, Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.009 percent, Triazophos 40 EC @ 0.031 percent and Triazophos 40 EC @ 0.04 percent all at par with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination treatments T10-Quinalphos @ 20 ml + Quizalofop-p-ethyl 5 EC @ 20ml/10 L of water was found effective in management of monocotyledons weeds followed by T5 Chlorpyriphos @ 20 ml + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 20 ml/10 L of water. The treatments effective for management of Dicotyledon weeds was T6- Quinalphos @ 20 ml + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 20 ml/10 L of water and T8- Quinalphos @ 20 ml + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 20 ml + (Targa super) Quizalofop-p-ethyl 5 EC @ 20ml/ 10 L of water. No level of injury was recorded in Visual scoring in treatments T1, T2 and T11 except treatments T3, T4, T5, T6, T9 recorded slight discoloration of soybean leaves and treatments T7 and T8 showed moderate injury. Regarding insect pest management the best treatments were T7 i.e. Chlorpyriphos @ 20 ml + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 20 ml + (Targa super) Quizalofop-p-ethyl 5 EC @ 20ml/10 L of water, T5 Chlorpyriphos @ 20 ml + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 20 ml/10 L of water and T1 Chlorpyriphos @ 20 ml/10 L of water were effective except treatments T3 and T4. Regarding yield T5 treatment recorded maximum yield i.e. 19.16 Q/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperarousal is a key symptom of anxiety, stress-related disorders, and insomnia. However, it has been conceptualized in many different ways, ranging from various physiological markers (e.g. cortisol levels, high-frequency EEG activity) to personality traits, or state assessments of subjective anxiety and tension. This approach resulted in partly inconsistent evidence, complicating unified interpretations. Crucially, no previous studies addressed the likely variability of hyperarousal within and across days, nor the relationship of such variability in hyperarousal with the night-by-night variability in sleep quality characteristic of insomnia. Here, we present a novel data-driven approach to understanding dynamics of state hyperarousal in insomnia. Using ecological momentary assessment, we tracked fluctuations in a wide range of emotions across 9 days in 169 people with insomnia disorders and 38 controls without sleep problems. Exploratory factor analysis identified a hyperarousal factor, comprised of items describing tension and distress. People with insomnia scored significantly higher on this factor than controls at all timepoints. In both groups, the hyperarousal factor score peaked in the morning and waned throughout the day, pointing to a potential contributing role of sleep or other circadian processes. Importantly, the overnight increase in hyperarousal was stronger in people with in insomnia than in controls. Subsequent adaptive LASSO regression analysis revealed a stronger overnight increase in hyperarousal across nights of worse subjective sleep quality. These findings demonstrate the relationship between subjective sleep quality and overnight modulations of hyperarousal. Disorders in which hyperarousal is a predominant complaint might therefore benefit from interventions focused on improving sleep quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Financial disclosure: None. Non-financial disclosure: None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Sleep quality is an essential parameter of a healthy human life, while sleep disorders such as sleep apnea are abundant. In the investigation of sleep and its malfunction, the gold-standard is polysomnography, which utilizes an extensive range of variables for sleep stage classification. However, undergoing full polysomnography, which requires many sensors that are directly connected to the heaviness of the setup and the discomfort of sleep, brings a significant burden. In this study, sleep stage classification was performed using the single dimension of nasal pressure, dramatically decreasing the complexity of the process. In turn, such improvements could increase the much needed clinical applicability. Specifically, we propose a deep learning structure consisting of multi-kernel convolutional neural networks and bidirectional long short-term memory for sleep stage classification. Sleep stages of 25 healthy subjects were classified into 3-class (wake, rapid eye movement (REM), and non-REM) and 4-class (wake, REM, light, and deep sleep) based on nasal pressure. Following a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, in the 3-class the accuracy was 0.704, the F1-score was 0.490, and the kappa value was 0.283 for the overall metrics. In the 4-class, the accuracy was 0.604, the F1-score was 0.349, and the kappa value was 0.217 for the overall metrics. This was higher than the four comparative models, including the class-wise F1-score. This result demonstrates the possibility of a sleep stage classification model only using easily applicable and highly practical nasal pressure recordings. This is also likely to be used with interventions that could help treat sleep-related diseases.

Objective: To report cardiac outcomes after total thyroidectomy for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis according to the baseline left ventricular ejection fraction in a tertiary referral center., Study Design: Retrospective, monocentric., Setting: The tertiary health care system., Methods: Patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis between 2010 and 2020 with age >18 and available preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction were included in this study. Patients were dichotomized into: group 1 with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40% (mildly reduced/normal ejection fraction), and group 2 with left ventricular ejection fraction <40% (reduced ejection fraction)., Results: There were 34 patients in group 1 and 17 to group 2. The latter were younger (median 58.4 [Q1-Q3 48.0-64.9] vs. 69.8 years in group 1 [59.8-78.3], p = .0035) and they presented more cardiomyopathy (58.8 vs. 26.5%, p = .030). Overall, the median time until surgery referral was 3.1 [1.9-7.1] months and 47.1% underwent surgery after restoration of euthyroidism. Surgical complications accounted for 7.8%. In group 2, the median left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly improved after surgery (22.5 [20.0-25.0] vs. 29.0% [25.3-45.5], p = .0078). Five-year cardiac mortality was significantly higher in group 2 (p < .0001): 47.0% died of cardiac causes versus 2.9% in group 1. A baseline left ventricular ejection fraction <40% and a longer time until surgery referral were significantly associated with cardiac mortality (multivariable Cox regression analysis, p = .015 and .020, respectively)., Conclusion: These results reinforce the idea that surgery, if chosen, should be performed quickly in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <40%., (© 2023 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation.)