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Proper functioning land information (LI) plays an indispensable role in supporting land-related decision-making processes. In recognition to this, substantial efforts have been made in Ethiopia to develop and modernize land information both in urban and rural land administration sectors. However, in Ethiopia, the quality of the current land information (completeness, appropriateness, time, cost, development, governance, sharing, and so on) needed for making decision is scantly evidenced, whilst the particular aspects of how the current urban and rural land information systems are functioning in view of the needs of peri-urban land governance are rarely studied. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to evaluate the quality of the current land information sources for supporting peri-urban land-related decision-making. The research relied on both quantitative and qualitative data. Primary data were collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGD), and interviews. The data collected using a closed-ended questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The validity and consistency of the data were tested using Cronbach&rsquo, s alpha reliability coefficient. The result signals that the quality of land information in the study area lacks responsiveness to support land-related decisions such as land use intervention and spatial management of peri-urban areas. The inefficiencies in the governance of land information and weak institutional efficiency prevailing in the different tiers of land administration institutions are the main causes. Furthermore, the variations in the governance of land information between urban and rural tiers of land administration institutions hamper data sharing, and it derives information redundancies and contradictions, which combined lead to ambiguous information use and reliance. The results further imply that the recordation of LI alone does not mean that it always supports decision making. When reasoning from the perspectives of the 8R framework of responsible land management, we conclude that the existing LI does not support many of the 8Rs. The researchers thus advocate responsive governance of land information and an alternative framework to embed effective land information for any peri-urban land decision making process.

Land is a topic of increasing importance in cities in developing countries. In Algeria, the issue of land is also complex and delicate. Furthermore, problems related to land are more acute when it concerns informal (or illegal) settlements. Since 1945, a rural-urban migration movement in Souk Ahras has resulted in the emergence of informal settlements that had developed on the agricultural land situated on the outskirts of the colonial urban centre. In general, under a formal pattern of urban development, access to land titles precedes the act of building and occupation. In the case of informal settlements, the acquisition of landownership ultimately occurs, after the occupation of land, through regularisation procedures. This article focuses on the experience of land tenure regularisation carried out in two informal settlements, namely Lalaouia and Mesguiche, in the city of Souk Ahras, Algeria. The article seeks to identify elements that have contributed to the greater or lesser success of land regularisation. The main finding of this research is that the regularisation of land tenure in Lalaouia and Mesguiche reflects the general tendency of the Algerian government toward informal settlements that is based essentially on the recognition of these informal settlements. Thus, a land tenure regularisation strategy is implemented. It consists of a combination of physical upgrading programmes that have been ongoing since the mid-1970s, on the one hand, and land-titling measures supported by a set of legal texts to handle the issue of informal tenure, on the other. It is found that the regularisation of the informal settlements relies on an accurate land-information system. The approach adopted within the selected informal settlements can be assessed as positive, since it enabled a relative tenure security, the stability of residents, and the improvement of life standards. Nevertheless, these technical and legal tools are applied separately, instead of a unified approach of regularisation. Besides the fact that the regularisation process is often tedious and time consuming, the article also highlights the main challenges and obstacles that impede the regularisation process: historical complexity of land status, and lack of human, technical and financial resources. These issues are exacerbated by social conflicts that are often associated with heritage. Grond is 'n onderwerp van toenemende belang in stede in ontwikkelende lande. In Algeria is die kwessie van grond ook ingewikkeld en delikaat. Probleme wat met grond verband hou, is skerper wat informele (of onwettige) nedersettings aanbetref. In Souk Ahras, het 'n landelik-stedelike migrasiebeweging sedert 1945 gelei tot informele nedersettings wat ontwikkel is op die landbougrond wat aan die buitewyke van die koloniale stedelike sentrum geleë is. In 'n formele patroon van stedelike ontwikkeling word grondt itels gewoonlik eers verkry, dan word grond beset. In die geval van informele nedersettings, vind die verkryging van grondbesit eers plaas, na die besetting van grond deur middel van reëlingsprosedures. Hierdie artikel fokus op die ervaring van grondregtelike regulering wat uitgevoer is in Lalaouia en Mesguiche, twee informele nedersettings in die stad Souk Ahras, Algerië. Die artikel probeer om elemente te identifiseer wat bygedra het tot die groter of mindere sukses van grondregulering. Die belangrikste bevinding van hierdie navorsing is dat die reëlmatisering van grondbesit in Lalaouia en Mesguiche die algemene neiging van die Algerynse regering na informele nedersettings weerspieël, wat in wese gebaseer is op die erkenning van hierdie informele nedersettings. 'n Reëlingsstrategie vir grondonteiening word dus geïmple-menteer. Dit bestaan uit 'n kombinasie van fisiese opgraderingsprogramme wat sedert middel 1970 aan die gang is, asook maatstawwe vir grondtitels wat ondersteun word deur 'n stel wetlike tekste om die kwessie van informele verblyfreg te hanteer. Daar is ook bevind dat die regulering van die informele nedersettings op 'n akkurate landinligtingstelsel staatmaak. Die benadering wat binne die ge-selekteerde informele nedersettings gebruik word, kan as positief beoordeel word, aangesien dit 'n relatiewe verblyfreg, die stabiliteit van inwoners en die verbetering van lewensstandaard moontlik gemaak het. Hierdie tegniese en wetlike instrumente word afsonderlik toegepas, in plaas daarvan om 'n verenigde benadering tot reëlmatigheid te volg. Die artikel het, benewens die feit dat die reguleringsproses dikwels langdurig en tydrowend is, ook die belangrikste uitdagings en struikelblokke uitgelig wat die reëlingsproses belemmer: historiese kompleksiteit van landstatus, en gebrek aan menslike, tegniese en finansiële hulpbronne. Hierdie probleme word ook vererger deur sosiale konflikte wat dikwels met erfenis verband hou. Lipuisano ka lefatshe li tsoela pele ho nka maemo linaheng tseo eleng hona li tsoelangpele. Ka mokhoa o tsoanang, lefatshe ke taba ea bohlokoa, e bileng e leng thata naheng ea Algeria. Mathata a lefatshe a tshoenya ka ho fetisisa metseng e sa reroang eleng ea baipehi. Toropong ea Souk Ahras, metse ea baipehi e bakiloe ke ho falla hoa batho ho tloha mahaeng ho ea litoropong. Phallo ena e qalile selemong sa 1945 'me e ntse e tsoela pele le joale. Metse ena e ahiloe masimong a potapotileng litoropo tse thehiloeng mehleng ea bokolone. Ka tloaelo ea thero ea lefatshe, baahi ba fumana mangolo a litsha pele ba ka aha le ho lula lefatsheng; empa nthleng ea metse ea baipehi, methati ena ha e lateloe. Sengoliloeng sena se lekola methati e latetsoeng moralong oa ho tlisa ntlafatso e molaong metseng ea baipehi ea "Lalaouia" le "Mesguiche" toropong ea Souk Ahras, naheng ea Algeria. Linthla tse lekoloang li kenyeletsa mabaka a susumelitseng katleho ea moralo ona. Nthla kemo ke hore mekhoa le methati e latetsoeng moralong oa Lalaouia le Mesguiche, ke setshoantsho sa methati e lateloang naheng ea Algeria ka kakaretso. Moralo ona o kenyelelitse ntlafatso ea metse ea baipehi e qalileng ka 1970, mmoho le ho etsa mangolo a molaong a litsha. Ho feta moo, sengoliloeng se bontsha hore katleho ea meralo e tjena e holima puisano e bulehileng ea bohle ba amehang, mme bohle ba lokela ho fumana lintha tsohle ka nako tsohle. Ka kakaretso, ntlafatso ea metse ena e mmeli e atlehile, kaha baahi ba fumane mangolo a litsha, mme maphelo a bona a ntlafetse. Le ha hole joalo, mekhoa le methati ea ntlafatso ha e sebelisoe ka nako ele nngoe, mme sena se baka mathata a kenyelelitseng ka hara sengoliloeng sena; mohlala ke maemo a hlobaetsang a lefatshe a tlisitsoeng ke liketsahalo tsa histori, thlokahalo ea litsebo le chelete ho tlisa ntlafatso, 'moho le likhang tse tlisoang ke bojalefa ba lefatshe.

This dissertation focuses on how the rise of local food issues impacts the way access to farmland is managed in France. This question fits into a a broader concern about how processes of allocation of land take into account the diversity of agricultural models. My corpus is made up of case studies of land operations benefiting a relocalized agriculture and carried out by local public authorities, the civic movement Terre de Liens and farmers. I study them through a cross analysis of surveys undertaken in three regions associating a city and the surrounding countryside : the Amiénois, the Lyonnais and the south-east of the Aveyron département. Fist, the relocalization project appears to be implemented in a wide variety of farms. Its complex spatial scope and the related social representations call for a renewed definition of the "food localness" category. Second, the land operations help renewing the means of accessing farmland. Estate strategies rely on setting up alternative farmland management styles at a local scale, whereas network strategies target land information flows. Building on a bundle of rights framework, the dissertation analyses how the demarcartion between property and use of the land evolves. Third, the power relationships governing the allocation of land are only incrementally modified, as the Safer and traditional farmers' unions remain at the center. Beyond scarce cases of governance of the land-based coexistence of agricultural models, the dissertation build up a land justice framework suited to France.; Cette thèse se demande en quoi les demandes de relocalisation alimentaire contribuent à transformer la gestion de l'accès au foncier agricole. Plus largement, il s'agit de comprendre comment le partage des terres entre les personnes souhaitant y avoir accès prend en compte la diversité des modèles agricoles et alimentaires. Le corpus étudié se compose de mobilisations de terre pour une agriculture nourricière de proximité, qui sont menées par des acteurs publics locaux, le mouvement Terre de Liens et des agriculteurs. Leur analyse est réalisée de manière croisée, à partir d’enquêtes conduites dans trois zones d'étude françaises couplant ville et campagne. Le projet de relocalisation est d'abord porté par une large diversité d'exploitations. Son inscription spatiale complexe et les représentations territoriales qui y sont liées invitent à redéfinir la catégorie de "local" en matière alimentaire. Ensuite, les mobilisations de terre participent à renouveler les voies d'accès au foncier : des stratégies domaniales misent sur la mise en oeuvre localisée de modes de gestion du foncier alternatifs, tandis que des stratégies réticulaires ciblent la circulation de l'information foncière. L'application du cadre des faisceaux de droits foncier permet d'analyser les réajustements des limites respectives de la propriété et de l'usage de la terre. Enfin, les rapports de pouvoir présidant au partage du foncier, qui font notamment intervenir les Safer et les représentants de la profession agricole, ne sont modifiés qu'à la marge. Au-delà de rares cas de gouvernance de la coexistence foncière des modèles agricoles, la thèse indique comment comprendre l'objet d'étude depuis une perspective de justice foncière.

This dissertation focuses on how the rise of local food issues impacts the way access to farmland is managed in France. This question fits into a a broader concern about how processes of allocation of land take into account the diversity of agricultural models. My corpus is made up of case studies of land operations benefiting a relocalized agriculture and carried out by local public authorities,the civic movement Terre de Liens and farmers. I study them through a cross analysis of surveys undertaken in three regions associating a city and the surrounding countryside : the Ami´enois, the Lyonnais and the south-east of the Aveyron departement.Fist, the relocalization project appears to be implemented in a wide variety of farms. Its complex spatial scope and the related social representations call for a renewed definition of the ”food localness” category. Second, the land operations help renewing the means of accessing farmland. Estate strategies rely on setting up alternative farmland management styles at a local scale, whereas network strategies target land information flows. Building on a bundle of rights framework, the dissertation analyses how the demarcartion between property and use of the land evolves. Third, the power relationships governing the allocation of land are only incrementally modified, as the Safer and traditional farmers’ unions remain at the center. Beyond scarce cases of governance of the land-based coexistence of agricultural models, the dissertation build up a land justice frameworksuited to France., Cette thèse se demande en quoi les demandes de relocalisation alimentaire contribuent à transformer la gestion de l’accès au foncier agricole. Plus largement, il s’agit de comprendre comment le partage des terres entre les personnes souhaitant y avoir accès prend en compte la diversité des modèles agricoles et alimentaires. Le corpus étudié se compose de mobilisations de terre pour une agriculture nourricière de proximité, qui sont menées par des acteurs publics locaux, le mouvement Terre de Liens et des agriculteurs. Leur analyse est réalisée de manière croisée, à partir d’enquêtes conduites dans trois zones d’étude françaises couplant ville et campagne.Le projet de relocalisation est d’abord porté par une large diversité d’exploitations. Son inscription spatiale complexe et les représentations territoriales qui y sont liées invitent à redéfinir la catégorie de "local" en matière alimentaire. Ensuite, les mobilisations de terre participent à renouveler les voies d’accès au foncier : des stratégies domaniales misent sur la mise en œuvre localisée de modes de gestion du foncier alternatifs, tandis que des stratégies réticulaires ciblent la circulation de l’information foncière. L’application du cadre des faisceaux de droits foncier permet d’analyser les réajustements des limites respectives de la propriété et de l’usage de la terre. Enfin, les rapports de pouvoir présidant au partage du foncier, qui font notamment intervenir les Safer et les représentants de la profession agricole, ne sont modifiés qu’à la marge. Au-delà de rares cas de gouvernance de la coexistence foncière des modèles agricoles, la thèse indique comment comprendre l’objet d’étude depuis une perspective de justice foncière.

It is frequently argued that, at the parcel level, stakeholders are capable of and well supported in managing their land-related risks. Yet, evidence from the contemporary Australian context suggests otherwise: numerous large-scale disaster events have revealed that citizens are ill-prepared to respond and recover adequately. This paper begins with the premise that information, specifically land information, could better support parcel-level risk preparation, mitigation, response, and recovery. State land administration organisations in Australia primarily maintain this information and make it accessible. Land information is used regularly across all levels of government to support risk management activities; however, such application has not always occurred at the parcel and citizen level. Via a case study approach, this paper initially explores the land information available in Australia to stakeholders interested in parcel-level detail, and then goes on to propose how the utilisation of parcel-level land information could serve to enhance risk management practices.

ここ100年間の日本における主なる土地利用は森林的利用で, その面積は国土の67%前後を占めほとんど変化していない。また, 全国土の59%では土地利用の変化は認められないが, 1950年以降31%が変化した。その他の土地利用から森林的利用, 森林的利用から農業的利用, 農業的利用から都市的利用, 農業的利用から森林的利用の順で転換が多い。森林的利用に関してみると, その平均傾斜は40%, 森林的利用から森林以外へ転換は全国土の14%, 森林以外の利用からの転換は16%であった。地形的には森林的利用は標高200m, 傾斜20%を境に, 緩傾斜地では減少し, 急傾斜地では増加している。また, 林種別では広葉樹林が減少し混交林が増加している。広葉樹の減少は特に, 標高800m以下の20-60%の傾斜階で大きい。一方都道府県別の森林面積は, 10都道府県で5%以上減少し, 18県で5%以上増加した。減少した都道府県での転換地の平均傾斜は10%前後に集中している。, During about 100 years in Japan, the main land use is forest and the area is almost fixed and the ration of them is 67%. The area which land use didn't change into is 59% of all and after 1950 31% is changed. The change appears in large order, other use to forest use, forest use to agriculture use, agriculture use to urban use, and agriculture use to forest use. According to forest use, the average inclination is 40%. The ratio of change into another use is 14% and the ratio of change from another use is 16%. The forest area is decreased on the low or gentle hilly land with less than 200 m of altitudes and less than 20% of inclinations. The broadleaf tree woods decrease and the mix woods are increasing. Especially, there is much decrease less than 800m and among from 20% to 60% of inclinations. In each prefecture, the forest area decreased by more than 5% in 10 prefectures and increased by more than 5% in 18 prefectures. The average inclination of converted land in the decreased prefecture is about 10%.

The paper analyses spatial dimensions of land tenure security in situations, where land tenure is predominantly informal, as is the case in major parts of the world. It takes its point of departure in a dilemma constituted by: - on one side, the complexity of land tenure issues, and- on the other side, the simplicity of practices of registration and scarcity of data on land tenure in many parts of the world.

As a result of a resolution at the Seventh United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for the Americas (UNRCCA) held in January 2001 in New York, a Special Forum was hosted by the Government of Mexico through INEGI at their headquarters in Aguascalientes on 26 and 27 October 2004 with a theme of “The Development of Land Information Policies in the Americas”. FIG was tasked with taking the lead role in planning and arranging the Special Forum. The objective of this inter-regional forum was to establish an awareness of the economic and social value for decision makers, of the importance of developing land policies that effectively and efficiently incorporate appropriate spatial data infrastructures, including an understanding of the value of integrating the land administration/cadastre/land registration function with the topographic mapping function. This paper presents an overview of the profile and the outcome of the special forum in terms of the “Aguascalientes Statement” which is tabled at the Eighth UNRCC-A, June 2005 in New York.

The different existing definitions of cadastre make a common understanding of the cadastral domain difficult and are a major barrier to effective information interchange and standardisation. A legal approach focussing on the classification of real property rights and restrictions in a legal cadastre model centred on the right of ownership might be a way to improve the common understanding of the cadastral domain and a step towards an improved standardisation of the domain. This article is intended to serve as an introduction to the construction of a model describing a legal cadastral domain.

As a result of a resolution at the Seventh United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for the Americas (UNRCCA) held in January 2001 in New York, a Special Forum was hosted by the Government of Mexico through INEGI at their headquarters in Aguascalientes on 26 and 27 October 2004 with a theme of ?The Development of Land Information Policies in the Americas?. FIG was tasked with taking the lead role in planning and arranging the Special Forum. The objective of this inter-regional forum was to establish an awareness of the economic and social value for decision makers, of the importance of developing land policies that effectively and efficiently incorporate appropriate spatial data infrastructures, including an understanding of the value of integrating the land administration/cadastre/land registration function with the topographic mapping function. This paper presents an overview of the profile and the outcome of the special forum in terms of the ?Aguascalientes Statement? which will be tabled at the next UNRCCA to be held June 2005 in New York.

The paper presents a conceptual understanding in the areas of Cadastre, Land Administration, and Land Management as a basis for building adequate land information policies. To develop this understanding the paper looks at each area as a system or an infrastructure designed for handling specific tasks and serving specific needs in society. The paper analyzes the function and the basic elements of the systems and looks at the interaction between the four key areas: land tenure, land value, land-use, and land development. Basically such systems are embedded in the historical, cultural and judicial setting of the individual country. However, in spite of the different origins, the systems seem to merge into a global model serving some basic societal needs. The paper presents an outline of this development towards a global model for sustainable land administration infrastructures, and the paper also underlines the role of FIG in this regard. Finally, the paper points at four key challenges to be faced by the politicians in this area in order to pave the way into the third millennium: (1) To establish adequate educational programs at university level to combine the three areas of measurement science, spatial information, management, and land management. (2) To establish national professional associations which accommodate a modern interdisciplinary profile. (3) To assess the capacity needs in land administration and to develop the capacity needed at societal, institutional and personal level. (4) To establish appropriate institutional and organisational infrastructures to manage the integration of topographic mapping and cadastral information into a coherent land administration system for sustainable development. The paper aims to establish the basic understanding for dealing with these challenges.

The paper presents a conceptual understanding in the areas of Cadastre, Land Administration, and Land Management as a basis for building adequate land information policies. To develop this understanding the paper looks at each area as a system or an infrastructure designed for handling specific tasks and serving specific needs in society. The paper analyzes the function and the basic elements of the systems and looks at the interaction between the four key areas: land tenure, land value, land-use, and land development. Basically such systems are embedded in the historical, cultural and judicial setting of the individual country. However, in spite of the different origins, the systems seem to merge into a global model serving some basic societal needs. The paper presents an outline of this development towards a global model for sustainable land administration infrastructures, and the paper also underlines the role of FIG in this regard. Finally, the paper points at four key challenges to be faced by the politicians in this area in order to pave the way into the third millennium: (1) To establish adequate educational programs at university level to combine the three areas of measurement science, spatial information, management, and land management. (2) To establish national professional associations which accommodate a modern interdisciplinary profile. (3) To assess the capacity needs in land administration and to develop the capacity needed at societal, institutional and personal level. (4) To establish appropriate institutional and organisational infrastructures to manage the integration of topographic mapping and cadastral information into a coherent land administration system for sustainable development. The paper aims to establish the basic understanding for dealing with these challenges.

During about 100 years in Japan, the main land use is forest and the area is almost fixed and the ration of them is 67%. The area which land use didn't change into is 59% of all and after 1950 31% is changed. The change appears in large order, other use to forest use, forest use to agriculture use, agriculture use to urban use, and agriculture use to forest use. According to forest use, the average inclination is 40%. The ratio of change into another use is 14% and the ratio of change from another use is 16%. The forest area is decreased on the low or gentle hilly land with less than 200 m of altitudes and less than 20% of inclinations. The broadleaf tree woods decrease and the mix woods are increasing. Especially, there is much decrease less than 800m and among from 20% to 60% of inclinations. In each prefecture, the forest area decreased by more than 5% in 10 prefectures and increased by more than 5% in 18 prefectures. The average inclination of converted land in the decreased prefecture is about 10%.

This bibliography lists by author the source materials from the 3-volume report "Monitoring Foreign Ownership of U.S. Real Estate" prepared by the Economics, Statistics and Cooperatives Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1979. The bibliography, partially annotated, includes 497 references on subjects of foreign investment, real estate, and land data systems.