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South-Eastern Spain is a key locality of the Western Mediterranean to unravel the origin of post-collisional magmatism and its relationships with the multi-stage evolution of the upper mantle in complex geodynamic settings. This study is focused on the Plio-Pleistocene post-collisional intraplate-like alkali basalts cropping out in the Tallante area (South-Eastern Spain) that are erupted in a region previously characterised by subduction related calc-alkaline to ultrapotassic (i.e., lamproitic) volcanism. Tallante alkali basalts represent a volcanic episode similar to other contemporary small volume intraplate volcanic occurrences of Western-Central Europe and North Africa, which are believed to derive from a Common Mantle Reservoir characterising the entire Circum Mediterranean asthenosphere. We report new major, trace element, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data on Tallante alkali basalts, showing compositions broadly similar to the other mafic volcanic rocks derived from the Common Mantle Reservoir and thus suggesting an asthenospheric component similar to other European within plate volcanic rocks. On the other hand, specific trace element ratios, such as Ce/Pb, Nb/U, Th/Yb, along with delta207Pb/204Pb and 87Sr/86Sr, clearly indicate the involvement of an enriched, subduction-related component, with a lamproitic geochemical and isotopic flavour. The trace element ratios suggest that low melting degree magmas from the Common Mantle Reservoir infiltrated and triggered melting of the strongly metasomatised sub-continental lithospheric mantle, which produced the lamproitic magmas previously erupted in the same area. The proposed origin of Tallante alkali basalts, located along a large scale left-lateral strike-slip fault, is consistent with analytical, numerical and laboratory models indicating that narrow subduction zones such as the Gibraltar Arc are characterised by mantle inflow around the slab edges determining upwelling and adiabatic melting of the asthenospheric mantle through slab tears.

This study aims at assessing the deformation processes affecting an area NW of the city of Ravenna (northern Italy), caused by groundwater withdrawal activities. In-situ data, geologic and structural maps, piezometric measurements, underground water withdrawal volumes, and satellite C-band SAR data were used to jointly exploit two different techniques: 1) fluid-dynamic and geomechanical modelling (by RSE S.p.A), and 2) Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) analysis (by CNR - IREA). The results of the comparative analysis presented in this work brought new evidence about the contribution of groundwater withdrawal to the total subsidence affecting the area during the 2000-2017 time interval. In particular, they show an increase of the subsidence from year 2000 to 2010 and a decrease from year 2010 to 2017. These results are generally in line with groundwater withdrawal data that report a reduction of the extracted water volumes during the considered temporal interval. Meantime, they show a delay effect in the subsidence process, partially recovered during the 2010-2017 thanks to a stabilisation of the extracted groundwater volumes. The presented results shade new light on the groundwater withdrawal contribution to the subsidence of the analysed zone, although further investigations are foreseen to better clarify the ongoing scenario.

Il contributo descrive un esperimento di sintesi e condivisione di serie spazio-temporali di misurazioni della deformazione del suolo a supporto della pianificazione urbana condotto nell'ambito del progetto PRIN "URBAN GEOmatics for Bulk Data Generation, Data Assessment e Technology Awareness (URBAN GEO BIG DATA)". Le serie temporali sono derivate attraverso le misurazioni di interferometria radar differenziale (DInSAR) nelle aree urbane di cinque città Italiane: Milano, Padova, Napoli, Roma e Torino. Il fuoco del contributo è la sperimentazione di un metodo di sintesi, visualizzazione e condivisione interoperabile di tali informazioni, adatto sia agli scienziati sia ai non esperti.

This work is aimed at showing that an effective integration of advanced remote sensing methods and new ICT technologies allows the full exploitation of large volumes of Earth Observation (EO) data, contributing to deeply investigate the Earth System processes and to address new challenges within the Big Data scenario. In particular, we present an automatic pipeline implemented within the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud Computing platform for the interferometric processing of large Sentinel- 1 (S1) multi-temporal SAR datasets, aimed at analyzing Earth surface deformation phenomena at wide spatial scale. The developed processing chain is based on the advanced DInSAR approach referred to as Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) technique, which allows producing, with centimeter to millimeter accuracy, surface deformation time series and the corresponding mean velocity maps from a temporal sequence of SAR images. The implemented solution addresses the aspects relevant to i) S1 input data archiving; ii) interferometric processing of S1 data sequences, performed in parallel on the AWS computing nodes through both multi-node and multi-core programming techniques; iii) storage of the generated interferometric products. The experimental results are focused on a national scale DInSAR analysis performed over the whole Italian territory by processing 18 S1 slices acquired from descending orbits between March 2015 and April 2017, corresponding to 2612 S1 acquisitions.

After the seismic events occurred in Emilia (Italy) on May 20th and May 29th, 2012, the International Commission on Hydrocarbon Exploration and Seismicity in the Emilia Region (ICHESE) evaluated the possible links between E&P activities and the seismic activity in the area affected by the earthquakes. The Commission could not rule out the possibility of a link and emphasized the need of further analyses, in order to exclude the correlation of seismic events of May 2012 to waste-water injection activities performed at the Cavone field. The Ministry of Economic Development (MiSE), the Emilia-Romagna Region and the Operator with the patronage of Assominerariai carried out such analyses and found new elements against the possibility that operations could affect the seismic events. Furthermore, the Commission recommended developing new integrated monitoring systems for seismicity, ground deformations and pore pressures that were able to provide high-quality data in real time, in order to support the analysis of the possible link between the human activities and the detected seismicity. In our presentation, we describe the lessons learned after the 2012 seismicity with reference to the initiatives undertaken by MiSE to improve and optimize knowledge and management of E&P sector in a seismically active territory as Italy is

This paper reports the results of a study aimed at analyzing the existing seismic monitoring infrastructures of underground activities for energy production. The study was carried out by the Italian National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), in collaboration with the Italian National Research Council - Institute for Electromagnetic Detection of the Environment (CNRIREA), in the framework of the partnership established by the Ministry of Economic Development, Directorate General for Safety of Mining and Energy Activities - National Mining Office for Hydrocarbons and Georesources (MiSE DGS-UNMIG), with Italian Universities and Research Institutions within the so-called "Network for Offshore Safety". Firstly, a survey was carried out by sending a questionnaire to companies to gather information about the infrastructures and procedures for monitoring seismicity, ground deformation and pore pressure, respectively, implemented within the hydrocarbon exploitation fields for either production or re-injection or gas-storage currently present in Italy. Then, the data obtained by the survey were analyzed with reference to the requirements of the "Italian Guidelines for monitoring the seismicity, underground deformation and pore pressure" (ILG) (Dialuce et al., 2014), in order to establish the possible needs for upgrading and, subsequently, assessing the relative costs. This paper reports the evaluation of the technical part, i.e. that concerning the upgrade of the monitoring systems

In Switzerland, more than 60% of the territory is mountainous, and this characteristic is a main natural resource attracting every year millions of tourists. However, this peculiarity exposes the country also to hazard potential due to the effect of different slope processes (e.g. deep seated gravitational deformations, rock avalanches, rock falls, debris flows, etc.). Moreover, the value of infrastructures and the strategic importance of transportation corridors present in Switzerland expose also neighboring countries to direct and indirect risks in case of catastrophic events. In this scenario, studying surface deformation may help understanding mountain processes, detecting preparatory conditions for potential failure events, and eventually planning countermeasures. Among EO methods, spaceborne radar interferometry has demonstrated great advantages to perform this task. Moreover, the recent advent of the Copernicus Sentinel-1 (S1) constellation has increased our capability to observe surface deformation over wide regions with higher revisit times. Here we present the results obtained by processing 107 images acquired from S1 constellation between April 20, 2015 and March 11, 2018. Differential interferograms were computed and combined taking advantage of the P-SBAS algorithm to obtain ground velocities and displacement time series at the country scale. We discuss the potential of such datasets in alpine countries such as Switzerland, as well the challenges for their thoughtful utilization.

In this work we implement a completely automatic interferometric processing chain, based on the well-known advanced DInSAR algorithm referred to as Parallel Small BAseline Subset (P-SBAS), for the generation of Sentinel-1 (S-1) Interferometric Wide Swath (IWS) deformation mean velocity maps and time-series of very wide areas, implemented within the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Elastic Cloud Compute environment. Our processing chain consists of the initial data query to the S-1 archive that we created on the AWS S3 storage, then the data transfer to the AWS computing nodes, the data processing and, finally, the transfer of the obtained interferometric results back to the original S3 storage.

We are writing this comment because many aspects of the analysis presented by Nappi et al. (2018) are debatable. In particular, a major issue is relevant to the conclusion suggested by Nappi et al. (2018) about a seismogenic normal fault with northward dip; this finding is not grounded because the Authors do not really present a causative source model and, above all, their statement is clearly not consistent with the DInSAR, GPS and seismological measurements presented in the manuscript previously published by De Novellis et al. (2018). Moreover, we also report an evident error in the geologic map proposed by Nappi et al. (2018), see Figure 3 of their manuscript.