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The problems of uneven load and low operating efficiency in the oil-gathering system of old oilfields lead to higher operating costs. In order to reduce operating costs, the layout-reconfiguration optimization model is established, and the minimum comprehensive investment is taken as the objective function. The multi-constraint conditions, such as the current situation of the oil-gathering system, the processing capacity, the possibility of pipeline failure, and the obstacles, are considered. The hybrid arithmetic–fireworks optimization algorithm (AFOA) is proposed to solve the model. Combined with the experience of the hybrid metaheuristic algorithm, using hybrid metaheuristics, the hybrid of the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) and the operator of the fireworks algorithm (FWA) is considered, and some improved operators of FWA are integrated into AOA to form a new algorithm (AFOA) to achieve a better solution effect. Compared with the 11 other algorithms, AFOA has better solution efficiency. This method is applied to the actual case of an old oilfield. The optimized scheme increases the average load rate of the station by 15.9% and reduces the operating costs by 38.1% per year. Overall, the reconstruction costs will be recovered in a short period.

Abstract In mammals, the production of mature oocytes necessitates rigorous regulation of the discontinuous meiotic cell-cycle progression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, the factors underlying this sophisticated but explicit process remain largely unclear. Here we characterize the function of N-acetyltransferase 10 (Nat10), a writer for N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) on RNA molecules, in mouse oocyte development. We provide genetic evidence that Nat10 is essential for oocyte meiotic prophase I progression, oocyte growth and maturation by sculpting the maternal transcriptome through timely degradation of poly(A) tail mRNAs. This is achieved through the ac4C deposition on the key CCR4-NOT complex transcripts. Importantly, we devise a method for examining the poly(A) tail length (PAT), termed Hairpin Adaptor-poly(A) tail length (HA-PAT), which outperforms conventional methods in terms of cost, sensitivity, and efficiency. In summary, these findings provide genetic evidence that unveils the indispensable role of maternal Nat10 in oocyte development.

Abstract Heating furnace is an important energy‐consuming equipment in oilfield. In order to evaluate the operation status of heating furnace more accurately, in this paper, the production process of heating furnace in an oilfield is studied by numerical simulation technology, and the specific reasons affecting its thermal efficiency are deeply explored. First, the numerical simulation model of oilfield heating furnace production process is established, which is to digitize the geometric structure of the heating furnace, study the characteristics of the geometric shape, and generate the appropriate calculation grid. Second, numerical simulation and analysis are carried out for the working process of the heating furnace under rated and nonrated conditions, respectively. The medium flow characteristics, flame shape, temperature distribution, and pipe temperature distribution in the heating furnace under different conditions are systematically discussed. Finally, through the simulation analysis, it is found that the burner rotating device is beneficial to strengthen the heat transfer, and the change of load will affect the efficiency of the heating furnace. Under the rated working condition, design exhaust temperature is 260℃, numerical result is 225.8℃, and the error is −13.2%; design export temperature of water is 60℃, numerical result is 58.1℃, and the error is −3.2%; design temperature difference between inlet and outlet of water is 30℃, numerical result is 28.1℃, and the error is −6.3%. The working process of oilfield heating furnace is a complex coupling heat transfer process of combustion, flow, and heat transfer. The numerical results show that the working process of oilfield heating furnace could be successfully realized by means of numerical simulation. Under variable load conditions, in order to ensure that the export temperature of water is close to design temperature, it is necessary to change the fuel quantity in equal proportion to the water quantity. It is hoped that the reported results provide interesting information among the oilfield heating furnace operators.

It is of great significance to explore the physical properties of optical propagation, thus the scholars are keen on the physical essence represented by classical mathematical physics equations. In this paper, a higher order nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the behavior of polarization mode in optical fibers is firstly analyzed qualitatively, and the existence of periodic and soliton solutions is proved by using bifurcation method. Secondly, all chirped wave patterns with special form for the equation are obtained by using the complete discrimination system for polynomial method and direct integral method, the chirped rational functions and some elliptic functions wave patterns are initially found. As a result, the parameter stability of these patterns is given for the first time, which shows the variant of patterns as the parameters change, and the graphs of several typical patterns are drawn.

Summary: Germline development is challenging to study due to the diversity of cell types in mammalian testis. Here, we present an optimized protocol, namely centrifugal elutriation, that allows the simultaneous isolation of mouse germ cells at different stages with high purity within ∼2 h. This approach exploits the JE-5.0 centrifugal elutriation system that fractionates cells based on differential sedimentation gravity. We herein provide the optimized parameters and procedures for isolation of elongating spermatids, round spermatids, and pachytene spermatocytes from adult mouse testes.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bao et al. (2018). : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of a balloon compression day-surgery operation under the guidance of spiral computed tomography (CT) three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.MethodsThe clinical efficacy and related indexes of 380 patients with trigeminal neuralgia treated by a spiral CT-guided balloon compression day-surgery operation in the pain department of Beijing TianTan Hospital, from October 2017 to March 2021, were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsFive patients failed due to foramen ovale puncture or in placing the balloon; two patients had ineffective results after the operation and re-entered the hospital for secondary balloon compression. The initial effective rate of the operation in the 380 patients was 98.16%. All patients were discharged on the day of the operation, the average operation time was 26.46 ± 12.15 min, and the average interval from the completion of the operation to discharge was 2.67 ± 0.95 h. During the follow-up period (1–41 months), 12 patients had pain recurrence, and a Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the cumulative pain-free recurrence survival rate at 41 months after the operation was 80.64%. No complications related to foramen ovale puncture occurred.ConclusionThe spiral CT-guided balloon compression day-surgery operation is safe, effective, and worthy of clinical promotion.

Emotions are one of the pillars of all human beings which can play a vital role in providing education. Emotions can affect all aspects of education. The feeling of creativity is one of the subsets of emotions. This feeling strongly affects the performance of education and the level of involvement of students. Student involvement has different aspects: social aspect; individual aspect, and emotional aspect. The present review shows that the emotional aspect of L2 engagement plays a pivotal role in the process of learning the language in English as a foreign language (EFL) and English as a second language (ESL) context. In dealing with the emotional aspect of teachers, the personal, social, and environmental aspects of the individual should be considered. The paper concludes with some pedagogical implications and provides some suggestions for future research.

Introduction Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterised by a sudden, severe, electric shock like paroxysmal pain, which is almost always associated with triggers. Carbamazepine is the first-line medical management of TN. However, side effects are common. Currently, there is no ideal treatment for TN. Since there is a known abnormality of Na+ channels in the trigger zone, 5% lidocaine-medicated plaster (LMP), which can block the Na+ channels on Aδ and C fibres, is an effective treatment method in many chronic pain conditions. A case report has found the benefit of LMP for the treatment of TN without any side effects. Whether LMP is an option for the treatment of TN is worth exploring.Methods and analysis The PATCH trial is a double-blind, enriched enrolment with randomised withdrawal, vehicle-controlled trial, aiming to explore the effects and safety of LMP in patients with TN. There is a 3-week initial open-label phase, followed by a 4-week double-blind treatment phase for responders. In the double-blind phase, patients will have to withdraw from this PATCH study if they meet one of the following criteria for treatment failure such as: >50% increase in pain intensity or paroxysms, lack of efficacy or side effects. The primary outcome will be the number of treatment failures. Adverse events will also be monitored throughout the study.Ethics and dissemination This study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Tiantan Hospital (approval number: KY 2020-102-02). The results will be disseminated in international academic meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration number NCT04570293.

Abstract. Background:. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is a minimally invasive interventional technique that provides a novel and effective treatment strategy for neuropathic pain (NP). PRF is advantageous because it does not damage nerves and avoids sensory loss after treatment. At present, animal studies have demonstrated that PRF is safe and effective for relieving the NP associated with sciatic nerve damage in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI). However, the mechanism through which this effect occurs is unknown. An increasing body of evidence shows that the expression of the P2X ligand-gated ion channel 3 (P2X3) receptor is closely related to NP; this study was to investigate whether the expression of this receptor is involved in NP relief due to PRF. Methods:. A total of 36 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham group, CCI group, and PRF group. The right sciatic nerve was ligated in CCI group and PRF group to establish a CCI model; the right sciatic nerve was separated but not ligated in Sham group. On day 14 after the operation, PRF was administered to the ligated sciatic nerve in PRF group (42°C, 45 V, 2 min). A non-live electrode was placed at the exposed sciatic nerve for the rats in Sham and CCI groups. The hindpaw withdrawal threshold (HWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at the right hindpaw at different time points before and after PRF or sham therapy. On day 28 after treatment, the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn of the right L4–6 were harvested from each group to determine the mRNA and protein levels of the P2X3 receptor. Results:. On day 28 after PRF treatment, the HWT (8.33 ± 0.67 g vs. 3.62 ± 0.48 g) and TWL (25.42 ± 1.90 s vs. 15.10 ± 1.71 s) were significantly higher in PRF group as compared to CCI group (P

In this paper, an n-patch SEIR epidemic model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is presented. It is shown that there is unique disease-free equilibrium for this model. Then, the dynamic behavior is studied by the basic reproduction number. The transmission of COVID-19 is fitted based on actual data. The influence of quarantined rate and population migration rate on the spread of COVID-19 is also discussed by simulation.

Abstract Er3+-doped and Er3+-Tm3+-co-doped transparent hexagonal NaGdF4 glass ceramics are fabricated via melt-quenching method. The emissions of Er3+-doped NaGdF4 glass ceramics are adjusted from the green to red by varying the concentration of Tm3+ ion under the excitation of 980 nm. The spectrum, thermal quenching ratio, fluorescence intensity ratios, and optical temperature sensitivity of the transparent glass ceramics are observed to be dependent on the pump power. The maximum value of relative sensitivity reaches 0.001 K−1 at 334 K in Er3+-doped NaGdF4, which shifts toward the lower temperature range by co-doping with Tm3+ ions, and has a maximum value of 0.00081 K−1 at 292 K. This work presents a method to improve the optical temperature behavior of Er3+-doped NaGdF4 glass ceramics. Moreover, the relative sensitivity SR is proved to be dependent on the pump power of 980-nm lasers in Er3+-doped NaGdF4 and Er3+-Tm3+-co-doped NaGdF4.

Background: Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) application to the dorsal root ganglia can reduce neuropathic pain (NP) in animal models, but the effect of PRF on damaged peripheral nerves has not been examined. We investigated the effect of PRF to the rat sciatic nerve (SN) on pain-related behavior and SN ultrastructure following chronic constriction injury (CCI). Methods: The analgesic effect was measured by hindpaw mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). Twenty rats with NP induced by ligating the common SN were then randomly divided into a PRF treatment group and a sham group. The contralateral SN served as a control. The MWT and TWL were determined again 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days after the PRF or sham treatment. On day 14, ipsilateral and contralateral common SNs were excised and examined by electron microscopy. Results: Ipsilateral MWT was significantly reduced and TWL significantly shorter compared to the contralateral side 14 days after CCI (both P = 0.000). In the PRF group, MWT was significantly higher and TWL significantly longer 14 days after the PRF treatment compared to before PRF treatment (both P = 0.000), while no such difference was observed in the sham group (P > 0.05). Electron microscopy revealed extensive demyelination and collagen fiber formation in the ipsilateral SN of sham-treated rats but sparse demyelination and some nerve fiber regrowth in the PRF treatment group. Conclusions: Hyperalgesia is relieved, and ultrastructural damage ameliorated after direct PRF treatment to the SN in the CCI rat model of NP.

Background: The optimal ventilated status under total intravenous or inhalation anesthesia in neurosurgical patients with a supratentorial tumor has not been ascertained. The purpose of this study was to intraoperatively compare the effects of moderate hyperventilation on the jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO 2 ), cerebral oxygen extraction ratio (O 2 ER), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) in patients with a supratentorial tumor under different anesthetic regimens. Methods: Twenty adult patients suffered from supratentorial tumors were randomly assigned to receive a propofol infusion followed by isoflurane anesthesia after a 30-min stabilization period or isoflurane followed by propofol. The patients were randomized to one of the following two treatment sequences: hyperventilation followed by normoventilation or normoventilation followed by hyperventilation during isoflurane or propofol anesthesia, respectively. The ventilation and end-tidal CO 2 tension were maintained at a constant level for 20 min. Radial arterial and jugular bulb catheters were inserted for the blood gas sampling. At the end of each study period, we measured the change in the arterial and jugular bulb blood gases. Results: The mean value of the jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO 2 ) significantly decreased, and the oxygen extraction ratio (O 2 ER) significantly increased under isoflurane or propofol anesthesia during hyperventilation compared with those during normoventilation (SjO 2 : t = -2.728, P = 0.011 or t = -3.504, P = 0.001; O 2 ER: t = 2.484, P = 0.020 or t = 2.892, P = 0.009). The SjO 2 significantly decreased, and the O 2 ER significantly increased under propofol anesthesia compared with those values under isoflurane anesthesia during moderate hyperventilation (SjO 2 : t = -2.769, P = 0.012; O 2 ER: t = 2.719, P = 0.013). In the study, no significant changes in the SjO 2 and the O 2 ER were observed under propofol compared with those values under isoflurane during normoventilation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the optimal ventilated status under propofol or isoflurane anesthesia in neurosurgical patients varies. Hyperventilation under propofol anesthesia should be cautiously performed in neurosurgery to maintain an improved balance between the cerebral oxygen supply and demand.