36 results on '"Lampiris H"'
Search Results
2. Evidence for ongoing brain injury in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients treated with antiretroviral therapy
- Author
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Cardenas, V. A., Meyerhoff, D. J., Studholme, C., Kornak, J., Rothlind, J., Lampiris, H., Neuhaus, J., Grant, R. M., Chao, L. L., Truran, D., and Weiner, M. W.
- Published
- 2009
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3. Concomitant Cotrimoxazole (CTX) Does Not Affect Rifabutin (RBT) Kinetics in HIV+ Patients: PI-49
- Author
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Colborn, D., Lampiris, H., Lee, B., Lewis, R., Sullam, P., and Narang, P. K.
- Published
- 1996
4. Circulating microRNAs in Sera Correlate with Soluble Biomarkers of Immune Activation but Do Not Predict Mortality in ART Treated Individuals with HIV-1 Infection: A Case Control Study
- Author
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Murray, D. D., Suzuki, K., Law, M., Trebicka, J., Neuhaus, J., Wentworth, D., Johnson, M., Vjecha, M. J., Kelleher, A. D., Emery, S., Aagaard, B., Aragon, E., Arnaiz, J., Borup, L., Clotet, B., Dragsted, U., Fau, A., Gey, D., Grarup, J., Hengge, U., Herrero, P., Jansson, P., Jensen, B., Jensen, K., Juncher, H., Lopez, P., Lundgren, J. D., Matthews, C., Mollerup, D., Pearson, M., Phillips, A., Reilev, S., Tillmann, K., Varea, S., Angus, B., Babiker, A., Cordwell, B., Darbyshire, J., Dodds, W., Fleck, S., Horton, J., Hudson, F., Moraes, Y., Pacciarini, F., Palfreeman, A., Paton, N., Smith, N., Van Hooff, F., Bebchuk, J., Collins, G., Denning, E., Duchene, A., Fosdick, L., Harrison, M., Herman-Lamin, K., Krum, E., Larson, G., Neaton, J., Nelson, R., Quan, K., Quan, S., Schultz, T., Thompson, G., Wyman, N., Carey, C., Chan, F., Cooper, D., Courtney-Rodgers, D., Drummond, F., Harrod, M., Jacoby, S., Kearney, L., Lin, E., Pett, S., Robson, R., Seneviratne, N., Stewart, M., Watts, E., Finley, E., Gordin, F., Sanchez, A., Standridge, B., Belloso, W., Davey, R., Duprez, D., Gatell, J., Hoy, J., Lifson, A., Pederson, C., Perez, G., Price, R., Prineas, R., Rhame, F., Sampson, J., Worley, J., Modlin, J., Beral, V., Chaisson, R., Fleming, T., Hill, C., Kim, K., Murray, B., Pick, B., Seligmann, M., Weller, I., Cahill, K., Fox, L., Luzar, M., Martinez, A., Mcnay, L., Pierson, J., Tierney, J., Vogel, S., Costas, V., Eckstrand, J., Brown, S., Abusamra, L., Angel, E., Aquilia, S., Benetucci, J., Bittar, V., Bogdanowicz, E., Cahn, P., Casiro, A., Contarelli, J., Corral, J., Daciuk, L., David, D., Dobrzanski, W., Duran, A., Ebenrstejin, J., Ferrari, I., Fridman, D., Galache, V., Guaragna, G., Ivalo, S., Krolewiecki, A., Lanusse, I., Laplume, H., Lasala, M., Lattes, R., Lazovski, J., Lopardo, G., Losso, M., Lourtau, L., Lupo, S., Maranzana, A., Marson, C., Massera, L., Moscatello, G., Olivia, S., Otegui, I., Palacios, L., Parlante, A., Salomon, H., Sanchez, M., Somenzini, C., Suarez, C., Tocci, M., Toibaro, J., Zala, C., Agrawal, S., Ambrose, P., Anderson, C., Anderson, J., Baker, D., Beileiter, K., Blavius, K., Bloch, M., Boyle, M., Bradford, D., Britton, P., Brown, P., Busic, T., Cain, A., Carrall, L., Carson, S., Chenoweth, I., Chuah, J., Clark, F., Clemons, J., Clezy, K., Cortissos, P., Cunningham, N., Curry, M., Daly, L., D'Arcy-Evans, C., Del Rosario, R., Dinning, S., Dobson, P., Donohue, W., Doong, N., Downs, C., Edwards, E., Edwards, S., Egan, C., Ferguson, W., Finlayson, R., Forsdyke, C., Foy, L., Franic, T., Frater, A., French, M., Gleeson, D., Gold, J., Habel, P., Haig, K., Hardy, S., Holland, R., Hudson, J., Hutchison, R., Hyland, N., James, R., Johnston, C., Kelly, M., King, M., Kunkel, K., Lau, H., Leamy, J., Lester, D., Leung, J., Lohmeyer, A., Lowe, K., Macrae, K., Magness, C., Martinez, O., Maruszak, H., Medland, N., Miller, S., Murray, J., Negus, P., Newman, R., Ngieng, M., Nowlan, C., Oddy, J., Orford, N., Orth, D., Patching, J., Plummer, M., Price, S., Primrose, R., Prone, I., Ree, H., Remington, C., Richardson, R., Robinson, S., Rogers, G., Roney, J., Roth, N., Russell, D., Ryan, S., Sarangapany, J., Schmidt, T., Schneider, K., Shields, C., Silberberg, C., Shaw, D., Skett, J., Smith, D., Soo, T. M., Sowden, D., Street, A., Tee, B. K., Thomson, J., Topaz, S., Vale, R., Villella, C., Walker, A., Watson, A., Wendt, N., Williams, L., Youds, D., Aichelburg, A., Cichon, P., Gemeinhart, B., Rieger, A., Schmied, B., Touzeau-Romer, V., Vetter, N., Colebunders, R., Clumeck, N., Deroo, A., Kabeya, K., O'Doherty, E., De Wit, S., De Salles Amorim, C., Basso, C., Flint, S., Kallas, E., Levi, G., Lewi, D., Pereira, L., Da Silva, M., Souza, T., Toscano, A., Angel, J., Arsenault, M., Bast, M., Beckthold, B., Bouchard, P., Chabot, I., Clarke, R., Cohen, J., Cote, P., Ellis, M., Gagne, C., Gill, J., Houde, M., Johnston, B., Jubinville, N., Kato, C., Lamoureux, N., Latendre-Paquette, J., Lindemulder, A., Mcneil, A., Mcfarland, N., Montaner, J., Morrisseau, C., O'Neill, R., Page, G., Piche, A., Pongracz, B., Preziosi, H., Puri, L., Rachlis, A., Ralph, E., Raymond, I., Rouleau, D., Routy, J. P., Sandre, R., Seddon, T., Shafran, S., Sikora, C., Smaill, F., Stromberg, D., Trottier, S., Walmsley, S., Weiss, K., Williams, K., Zarowny, D., Baadegaard, B., Andersen, A. B., Boedker, K., Collins, P., Gerstoft, J., Jensen, L., Moller, H., Andersen, P. L., Loftheim, I., Mathiesen, L., Nielsen, H., Obel, N., Pedersen, C., Petersen, D., Jensen, L. P., Black, F. T., Aboulker, J. P., Aouba, A., Bensalem, M., Berthe, H., Blanc, C., Bornarel, D., Bouchaud, O., Boue, F., Bouvet, E., Brancon, C., Breaud, S., Brosseau, D., Brunet, A., Capitant, C., Ceppi, C., Chakvetadze, C., Cheneau, C., Chennebault, J. M., De Truchis, P., Delavalle, A. M., Delfraissy, J. F., Dellamonica, P., Dumont, C., Edeb, N., Fabre, G., Ferrando, S., Foltzer, A., Foubert, V., Gastaut, J. A., Gerbe, J., Girard, P. M., Goujard, C., Hoen, B., Honore, P., Hue, H., Hynh, T., Jung, C., Kahi, S., Katlama, C., Lang, J. M., Le Baut, V., Lefebvre, B., Leturque, N., Levy, Y., Loison, J., Maddi, G., Maignan, A., Majerholc, C., De Boever, C., Meynard, J. L., Michelet, C., Michon, C., Mole, M., Netzer, E., Pialoux, G., Poizot-Martin, I., Raffi, F., Ratajczak, M., Ravaux, I., Reynes, J., Salmon-Ceron, D., Sebire, M., Simon, A., Tegna, L., Tisne-Dessus, D., Tramoni, C., Viard, J. P., Vidal, M., Viet-Peaucelle, C., Weiss, L., Zeng, A., Zucman, D., Adam, A., Arasteh, K., Behrens, G., Bergmann, F., Bickel, M., Bittner, D., Bogner, J., Brockmeyer, N., Darrelmann, N., Deja, M., Doerler, M., Esser, S., Faetkenheuer, G., Fenske, S., Gajetzki, S., Goebel, F., Gorriahn, D., Harrer, E., Harrer, T., Hartl, H., Hartmann, M., Heesch, S., Jakob, W., Jager, H., Klinker, H., Kremer, G., Ludwig, C., Mantzsch, K., Mauss, S., Meurer, A., Niedermeier, A., Pittack, N., Plettenberg, A., Potthoff, A., Probst, M., Rittweger, M., Rockstroh, J., Ross, B., Rotty, J., Rund, E., Ruzicka, T., Schmidt, R., Schmutz, G., Schnaitmann, E., Schuster, D., Sehr, T., Spaeth, B., Staszewski, S., Stellbrink, H. J., Stephan, C., Stockey, T., Stoehr, A., Trein, A., Vaeth, T., Vogel, M., Wasmuth, J., Wengenroth, C., Winzer, R., Wolf, E., Mulcahy, F., Reidy, D., Cohen, Y., Drora, G., Eliezer, I., Godo, O., Kedem, E., Magen, E., Mamorsky, M., Pollack, S., Sthoeger, Z., Vered, H., Yust, I., Aiuti, F., Bechi, M., Bergamasco, A., Bertelli, D., Bruno, R., Butini, L., Cagliuso, M., Carosi, G., Casari, S., Chrysoula, V., Cologni, G., Conti, V., Costantini, A., Corpolongo, A., D'Offizi, G., Gaiottino, F., Di Pietro, M., Esposito, R., Filice, G., Francesco, M., Gianelli, E., Graziella, C., Magenta, L., Martellotta, F., Maserati, R., Mazzotta, F., Murdaca, G., Nardini, G., Nozza, S., Puppo, F., Pogliaghi, M., Ripamonti, D., Ronchetti, C., Rusconi, S., Rusconi, V., Sacchi, P., Silvia, N., Suter, F., Tambussi, G., Uglietti, A., Vechi, M., Vergani, B., Vichi, F., Vitiello, P., Iwamoto, A., Kikuchi, Y., Miyazaki, N., Mori, M., Nakamura, T., Odawara, T., Oka, S., Shirasaka, T., Tabata, M., Takano, M., Ueta, C., Watanabe, D., Yamamoto, Y., Erradey, I., Himmich, H., El Filali, K. M., Blok, W., Van Boxtel, R., Doevelaar, K. B. H., Van Eeden, A., Grijsen, M., Groot, M., Juttmann, J., Kuipers, M., Ligthart, S., Van Der Meulen, P., Lange, J., Langebeek, N., Reiss, P., Richter, C., Schoemaker, M., Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Septer-Bijleveld, E., Sprenger, H., Vermeulen, J., Ten Kate, R., Van De Ven, B., Bruun, J., Kvale, D., Maeland, A., Bakowska, E., Beniowski, M., Boron-Kaczmarska, A., Gasiorowski, J., Horban, A., Inglot, M., Knysz, B., Mularska, E., Parczewski, M., Pynka, M., Rymer, W., Szymczak, A., Aldir, M., Antunes, F., Baptista, C., Da Conceicao Vera, J., Doroana, M., Mansinho, K., Dos Santos, C. R. A., Valadas, E., Vaz Pinto, I., Chia, E., Foo, E., Karim, F., Lim, P. L., Panchalingam, A., Quek, A., Alcazar-Caballero, R., Arribas, J., Arrizabalaga, J., De Barron, X., Blanco, F., Bouza, E., Bravo, I., Calvo, S., Carbonero, L., Carpena, I., Castro, M., Cortes, L., Del Toro, M., Domingo, P., Elias, M., Espinosa, J., Estrada, V., Fernandez-Cruz, E., Fernandez, P., Freud, H., Fuster, M., Garcia, A., Garcia, G., Garrido, R., Gijon, P., Gonzalez-Garcia, J., Gil, I., Gonzalez, A., Gonzalez-Lahoz, J., Grosso, P. 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B., Jensen, K. B., Jansson, P. O., Jensen, B. G., Benfield, T. L., Darbyshire, J. H., Babiker, G., Fleck, S. L., Collaco-Moraes, Y., Wyzydrag, L., Drummond, F. M., Connor, S. A., Satchell, C. S., Gunn, S., Delfino, M. A., Merlin, K., Mcginley, C., Neaton, J. D., Bartsch, G., George, M., Grund, B., Hogan, C., Miller, C., Roediger, M. P., Thackeray, L., Campbell, C., Lahart, C., Perlman, D., Rein, M., Dersimonian, R., Brody, B. A., Daar, E. S., Dubler, N. N., Fleming, T. R., Freeman, D. J., Kahn, J. P., Kim, K. M., Medoff, G., Modlin, J. F., Moellering, R., Murray, B. E., Robb, M. L., Scharfstein, D. O., Sugarman, J., Tsiatis, A., Tuazon, C., Zoloth, L., Klingman, K., Lehrman, S., Belloso, W. H., Losso, M. H., Benetucci, J. A., Bogdanowicz, E. P., Cahn, P. E., Casiro, A. D., Cassetti, I., Contarelli, J. M., Corral, J. A., Crinejo, A., David, D. O., Ishida, M. T., Laplume, H. E., Lasala, M. B., Lupo, S. H., Masciottra, F., Michaan, M., Ruggieri, L., Salazar, E., Hoy, J. F., Rogers, G. D., Allworth, A. M., Anderson, J. S. C., Armishaw, J., Barnes, K., Carr, A., Chiam, A., Chuah, J. C. P., Curry, M. C., Dever, R. L., Donohue, W. A., Doong, N. C., Dwyer, D. E., Dyer, J., Eu, B., Ferguson, V. W., French, M. A. H., Garsia, R. J., Hudson, J. H., Jeganathan, S., Konecny, P., Mccormack, C. L., Mcmurchie, M., Moore, R. J., Moussa, M. B., Piper, M., Read, T., Roney, J. J., Shaw, D. R., Silvers, J., Smith, D. J., Street, A. C., Vale, R. J., Wendt, N. A., Wood, H., Youds, D. W., Zillman, J., Tozeau, V., Dewit, S., De Roo, A., Leonard, P., Lynen, L., Moutschen, M., Pereira, L. C., Souza, T. N. L., Schechter, M., Zajdenverg, R., Almeida, M. M. T. B., Araujo, F., Bahia, F., Brites, C., Caseiro, M. M., Casseb, J., Etzel, A., Falco, G. G., Filho, E. C. J., Flint, S. R., Gonzales, R., Madruga, J. V. R., Passos, L. N., Reuter, T., Sidi, L. C., Toscano, A. L. C., Cherban, E., Conway, B., Dufour, C., Foster, A., Haase, D., Haldane, H., Klein, M., Lessard, B., Martel, A., Martel, C., Paradis, E., Schlech, W., Schmidt, S., Thompson, B., Vezina, S., Reyes, M. J. W., Northland, R., Ostergaard, L., Hergens, L., Loftheim, I. R., Raukas, M., Zilmer, K., Justinen, J., Ristola, M., Landman, R., Abel, S., Abgrall, S., Amat, K., Auperin, L., Barruet, R., Benalycherif, A., Benammar, N., Bentata, M., Besnier, J. M., Blanc, M., Cabie, A., Chavannet, P., Dargere, S., De La Tribonniere, X., Debord, T., Decaux, N., Delgado, J., Dupon, M., Durant, J., Frixon-Marin, V., Genet, C., Gerard, L., Gilquin, J., Jeantils, V., Kouadio, H., Leclercq, P., Lelievre, J. D., Michon, C. P., Nau, P., Pacanowski, J., Piketty, C., Salmon, D., Schmit, J. L., Serini, M. A., Tassi, S., Touam, F., Verdon, R., Weinbreck, P., Yazdanpanah, Y., Yeni, P., Fatkenheuer, G., Bitsch, S., Bogner, J. R., Goebel, F. D., Lehmann, C., Lennemann, T., Wasmuth, J. C., Wiedemeyer, K., Hatzakis, A., Touloumi, G., Antoniadou, A., Daikos, G. L., Dimitrakaki, A., Gargalianos-Kakolyris, P., Giannaris, M., Karafoulidou, A., Katsambas, A., Katsarou, O., Kontos, A. N., Kordossis, T., Lazanas, M. K., Panagopoulos, P., Panos, G., Paparizos, V., Papastamopoulos, V., Petrikkos, G., Sambatakou, H., Skoutelis, A., Tsogas, N., Xylomenos, G., Bergin, C. J., Mooka, B., Mamorksy, M. G., Agmon-Levin, N., Karplus, R., Maayan, S., Shahar, E., Turner, D., Abeli, C., Biglino, A., Bonora, S., De Gioanni, M., Di Perri, G., Montroni, M., Quirino, T., Raise, E., Honda, M., Ishisaka, M., Caplinskas, S., Uzdaviniene, V., Schmit, J. C., Staub, T., Mills, G. D., Blackmore, T., Masters, J. A., Morgan, J., Pithie, A., Brunn, J., Ormassen, V., La Rosa, A., Guerra, O., Espichan, M., Gutierrez, L., Mendo, F., Salazar, R., Knytz, B., Kwiatkowski, J., Castro, R. S., Horta, A., Miranda, A. C., Pinto, I. V., Vera, J., Rakhmanova, A., Vinogradova, E., Yakovlev, A., Zakharova, N., Wood, R., Orrel, C., Arnaiz, J. A., Carrillo, R., Dalmau, D., Jordano, Q., Knobel, H., Larrousse, M., Moreno, J. S., Oretaga, E., Pena, J. N., Hirschel, B., Spycher, R., Battegay, M., Bottone, S., Cavassini, M., Christen, A., Furrer, H. J., Gayet-Ageron, A., Genne, D., Hochstrasser, S., Moens, C., Muller, N., Nuesch, R., Ruxrungtham, K., Pumpradit, W., Dangthongdee, S., Kiertiburanakul, S., Klinbuayaem, V., Mootsikapun, P., Nonenoy, S., Piyavong, B., Prasithsirikul, W., Raksakulkarn, P., Gazzard, B. G., Ainsworth, J. G., Angus, B. J., Barber, T. J., Brook, M. G., Care, C. D., Chadwick, D. R., Chikohora, M., Churchill, D. R., Cornforth, D., Dockrell, D. H., Easterbrook, P. J., Fox, P. A., Gomez, P. A., Gompels, M. M., Harris, G. M., Herman, S., Jackson, A. G. A., Jebakumar, S. P. R., Kinghorn, G. R., Kuldanek, K. A., Larbalestier, N., Lumsden, M., Maher, T., Mantell, J., Muromba, L., Orkin, C. M., Peters, S., Peto, T. E. A., Portsmouth, S. D., Rajamanoharan, S., Ronan, Schwenk, A., Slinn, M. A., Stroud, C. J., Thomas, R. C., Wansbrough-Jones, M. H., Whiles, H. J., White, D. J., Williams, E., Williams, G., Youle, M., Abrams, D. I., Acosta, E. A., Adamski, A., Antoniskis, D., Aragon, D. R., Barnett, B. J., Baroni, C., Barron, M., Baxter, J. D., Beers, D., Beilke, M., Bemenderfer, Bernard, A., Besch, C. L., Bessesen, M. T., Bethel, J. T., Blue, S., Blum, J. D., Boarden, S., Bolan, R. K., Borgman, J. B., Brar, I., Braxton, B. K., Bredeek, U. F., Brennan, R., Britt, D. E., Bulgin-Coleman, D., Bullock, E., Campbell, B., Caras, S., Carroll, J., Casey, K. K., Chiang, F., Cindrich, R. B., Cohen, C., Coley, J., Condoluci, D. V., Contreras, R., Corser, J., Cozzolino, J., Crane, L. R., Daley, L., Dandridge, D., D'Antuono, V., Darcourt Rizo Patron, J. G., Dehovitz, J. A., Dejesus, E., Desjardin, J., Dietrich, C., Dolce, A., Erickson, D., Faber, L. L., Falbo, J., Farrough, M. J., Farthing, C. F., Ferrell-Gonzalez, P., Flynn, H., Frank, M., Freeman, K. F., French, N., Friedland, G., Fujita, N., Gahagan, L., Gilson, I., Goetz, M. B., Goodwin, E., Guity, C. K., Gulick, P., Gunderson, E. R., Hale, C. M., Hannah, K., Henderson, H., Hennessey, K., Henry, W. K., Higgins, T., Hodder, S. L., Horowitz, H. W., Howe-Pittman, M., Hubbard, J., Hudson, R., Hunter, H., Hutelmyer, C., Insignares, M. T., Jackson, L., Jenny, L., Johnson, D. L., Johnson, G., Johnson, J., Kaatz, J., Kaczmarski, J., Kagan, S., Kantor, C., Kempner, T., Kieckhaus, K., Kimmel, N., Klaus, B. M., Koeppe, J. R., Koirala, J., Kopka, J., Kostman, J. R., Kozal, M. J., Kumar, A., Lampiris, H., Lamprecht, C., Lattanzi, K. M., Lee, J., Leggett, J., Long, C., Loquere, A., Loveless, K., Lucasti, C. J., Luskin-Hawk, R., Macveigh, M., Makohon, L. H., Markowitz, N. P., Marks, C., Martorell, C., Mcfeaters, E., Mcgee, B., Mcintyre, D. M., Mcmanus, E., Melecio, L. G., Melton, D., Mercado, S., Merrifield, E., Mieras, J. A., Mogyoros, M., Moran, F. M., Murphy, K., Mutic, S., Nadeem, I., Nadler, J. P., Ognjan, A., O'Hearn, M., O'Keefe, K., Okhuysen, P. C., Oldfield, E., Olson, D., Orenstein, R., Ortiz, R., Parpart, F., Pastore-Lange, V., Paul, S., Pavlatos, A., Pearce, D. D., Pelz, R., Peterson, S., Pitrak, D., Powers, S. L., Pujet, H. C., Raaum, J. W., Ravishankar, J., Reeder, J., Reilly, N. A., Reyelt, C., Riddell, J., Rimland, D., Robinson, M. L., Rodriguez, A. E., Rodriguez Derouen, V., Rosmarin, C., Rossen, W. L., Rouff, J. R., Sands, M., Savini, C., Schrader, S., Schulte, M. M., Scott, R., Seedhom, H., Sension, M., Sheblehall, A., Shuter, J., Slater, L. N., Slotten, R., Smith, M., Snap, S., States, D. M., Stringer, G., Summers, K. K., Swanson, K., Sweeton, I. B., Szabo, S., Tedaldi, E. M., Telzak, E. E., Thompson, M. A., Thompson, S., Bong, C. T. H., Vaccaro, A., Vasco, L. M., Vecino, I., Verlinghieri, G. K., Visnegarwala, F., Wade, H., Weis, S. E., Weise, J. A., Weissman, S., Wilkin, M., Witter, J. H., Wojtusic, L., Wright, T. J., Yeh, V., Young, B., Zeana, C., Zeh, J., Savio, E., Vacarezza, M., and Pacheco, Antonio Guilherme
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Adult ,CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Male ,General Science & Technology ,Anti-HIV Agents ,T cell ,lcsh:Medicine ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,HIV Infections ,Biology ,Essential hypertension ,Logistic regression ,Malignancy ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Clinical Research ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,microRNA ,medicine ,Genetics ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Humans ,Highly Active ,Aetiology ,lcsh:Science ,Genetic Association Studies ,Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,Case-control study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Circulating MicroRNA ,MicroRNAs ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Infectious Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,INSIGHT ESPRIT and SMART Study Groups ,Immunology ,HIV-1 ,HIV/AIDS ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,Infection ,Biomarkers ,Biotechnology ,Research Article - Abstract
Introduction The use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-1 associated morbidity and mortality. However, HIV-1 infected individuals have increased rates of morbidity and mortality compared to the non-HIV-1 infected population and this appears to be related to end-organ diseases collectively referred to as Serious Non-AIDS Events (SNAEs). Circulating miRNAs are reported as promising biomarkers for a number of human disease conditions including those that constitute SNAEs. Our study sought to investigate the potential of selected miRNAs in predicting mortality in HIV-1 infected ART treated individuals. Materials and Methods A set of miRNAs was chosen based on published associations with human disease conditions that constitute SNAEs. This case: control study compared 126 cases (individuals who died whilst on therapy), and 247 matched controls (individuals who remained alive). Cases and controls were ART treated participants of two pivotal HIV-1 trials. The relative abundance of each miRNA in serum was measured, by RTqPCR. Associations with mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancy) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Correlations between miRNAs and CD4+ T cell count, hs-CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer were also assessed. Results None of the selected miRNAs was associated with all-cause, cardiovascular or malignancy mortality. The levels of three miRNAs (miRs -21, -122 and -200a) correlated with IL-6 while miR-21 also correlated with D-dimer. Additionally, the abundance of miRs -31, -150 and -223, correlated with baseline CD4+ T cell count while the same three miRNAs plus miR-145 correlated with nadir CD4+ T cell count. Discussion No associations with mortality were found with any circulating miRNA studied. These results cast doubt onto the effectiveness of circulating miRNA as early predictors of mortality or the major underlying diseases that contribute to mortality in participants treated for HIV-1 infection.
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- 2015
5. Development and validation of a risk score for chronic kidney disease in HIV infection using prospective cohort data from the D:A:D study
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Mocroft, Amanda, Lundgren, Jens D., Ross, Michael, Law, Matthew, Reiss, Peter, Kirk, Ole, Smith, Colette, Wentworth, Deborah, Neuhaus, Jacqueline, Fux, Christoph A., Moranne, Olivier, Morlat, Phillipe, Johnson, Margaret A., Ryom, Lene, Lundgren, J. D., Powderly, B., Shortman, N., Moecklinghoff, C., Reilly, G., Franquet, X., Sabin, C. A., Phillips, A., Kirk, O., Reiss, P., Weber, R., Pradier, C., Law, M., d'Arminio Monforte, A., Dabis, F., El-Sadr, W. M., De Wit, S., Ryom, L., Kamara, D., Smith, C., Mocroft, A., Tverland, J., Mansfeld, M., Nielsen, J., Raben, D., Salbøl Brandt, R., Rickenbach, M., Fanti, I., Krum, E., Hillebregt, M., Geffard, S., Sundström, A., Delforge, M., Fontas, E., Torres, F., Mcmanus, H., Wright, S., Kjær, J., Sjøl, A., Meidahl, P., Helweg-Larsen, J., Schmidt Iversen, J., Ross, M., Fux, C. A., Morlat, P., Moranne, O., Kesselring, A. M., Kamara, D. A., Friis-Møller, N., Kowalska, J., Sabin, C., Bruyand, M., Bower, M., Fätkenheuer, G., Donald, A., Grulich, A., Prins, J. M., Kuijpers, T. W., Scherpbier, H. J., van der Meer, J. T. M., Wit, F. W. M. N., Godfried, M. H., van der Poll, T., Nellen, F. J. B., Geerlings, S. E., van Vugt, M., Pajkrt, D., Bos, J. C., Wiersinga, W. J., van der Valk, M., Goorhuis, A., Hovius, J. W., van Eden, J., Henderiks, A., van Hes, A. M. H., Mutschelknauss, M., Nobel, H. E., Pijnappel, F. J. J., Westerman, A. M., Jurriaans, S., Back, N. K. T., Zaaijer, H. L., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M. T. E., Schinkel, C. J., Thomas, X. V., van den Berge, M., Stegeman, A., Baas, S., Hage de Looff, L., Versteeg, D., Pronk, M. J. H., Ammerlaan, H. S. M., Korsten-Vorstermans, E. M. H. M., de Munnik, E. S., Jansz, A. R., Tjhie, J., Wegdam, M. C. A., Deiman, B., Scharnhorst, V., van der Plas, A., Weijsenfeld, A. M., van der Ende, M. E., de Vries-Sluijs, T. E. M. S., C. M. van Gorp, E., Schurink, C. A. M., Nouwen, J. 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D., Beers, D., Beilke, M., Bemenderfer, D., Bernard, A., Besch, C. L., Bessesen, M. T., Bethel, J. T., Blue, S., Blum, J. D., Boarden, S., Bolan, R. K., Borgman, J. B., Brar, I., Braxton, B. K., Bredeek, U. F., Brennan, R., Britt, D. E., Bulgin-Coleman, D., Bullock, D. E., Campbell, B., Caras, S., Carroll, J., Casey, K. K., Chiang, F., Cindrich, R. B., Clark, C., Cohen, C., Coley, J., Condoluci, D. V., Contreras, R., Corser, J., Cozzolino, J., Daley, L., Dandridge, D., D'Antuono, V., Darcourt Rizo Patron, J. G., Dehovitz, J. A., Dejesus, E., Desjardin, J., Dietrich, C., Dolce, E., Erickson, D., Faber, L. L., Falbo, J., Farrough, M. J., Farthing, C. F., Ferrell-Gonzalez, P., Flynn, H., Frank, M., Freeman, K. F., French, N., Fujita, N., Gahagan, L., Gilson, I., Goetz, M. B., Goodwin, E., Guity, C. K., Gulick, P., Gunderson, E. R., Hale, C. M., Hannah, K., Henderson, H., Hennessey, K., Henry, W. K., Higgins, D. T., Hodder, S. L., Horowitz, H. W., Howe-Pittman, M., Hubbard, J., Hudson, R., Hunter, H., Hutelmyer, C., Insignares, M. T., Jackson, L., Jenny, L., Johnson, D. L., Johnson, G., Johnson, J., Kaatz, J., Kaczmarski, J., Kagan, S., Kantor, C., Kempner, T., Kieckhaus, K., Kimmel, N., Klaus, B. M., Koeppe, J. R., Koirala, J., Kopka, J., Kostman, J. R., Kozal, M. J., Kumar, A., Lampiris, H., Lamprecht, C., Lattanzi, K. M., Lee, J., Leggett, J., Long, C., Loquere, A., Loveless, K., Lucasti, C. J., Macveigh, M., Makohon, L. H., Markowitz, N. P., Marks, C., Martorell, C., Mcfeaters, E., Mcgee, B., Mcintyre, D. M., Mcmanus, E., Melecio, L. G., Melton, D., Mercado, S., Merrifield, E., Mieras, J. A., Mogyoros, M., Moran, F. M., Murphy, K., Mutic, S., Nadeem, I., Nadler, J. P., Ognjan, A., O'Hearn, M., O'Keefe, K., Okhuysen, P. C., Oldfield, E., Olson, D., Orenstein, R., Ortiz, R., Parpart, F., Pastore-Lange, V., Paul, S., Pavlatos, A., Pearce, D. D., Pelz, R., Peterson, S., Pitrak, D., Powers, S. L., Pujet, H. C., Raaum, J. W., Ravishankar, J., Reeder, J., Reilly, N. A., Reyelt, C., Riddell, J., Rimland, D., Robinson, M. L., Rodriguez, A. E., Rodriguez-Barradas, M. C., Rodriguez Derouen, V., Rosmarin, C., Rossen, W. L., Rouff, J. R., Sampson, J. H., Sands, M., Savini, C., Schrader, S., Schulte, M. M., Scott, R., Seedhom, H., Sension, M., Sheble-Hall, A., Shuter, J., Slater, L. N., Slotten, R., Smith, M., Snap, S., States, D. M., Stringer, G., Summers, K. K., Swanson, K., Sweeton, I. B., Szabo, S., Tedaldi, E. M., Telzak, E. E., Thompson, M. A., Thompson, S., Ting Hong Bong, C., Vaccaro, A., Vasco, L. M., Vecino, I., Verlinghieri, G. K., Visnegarwala, F., Wade, B. H., Weis, S. E., Weise, J. A., Weissman, S., Wilkin, A. M., Witter, J. H., Wojtusic, L., Wright, T. J., Yeh, V., Young, B., Zeana, C., Zeh, J., Savio, E., Vacarezza, M., University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisé - Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique - EA 2415 (AIDMP), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Med Microbiol, Infect Dis & Infect Prev, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Chronic inflammatory disease and wasting, RS: CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, RS: CAPHRI - R4 - Health Inequities and Societal Participation, Interne Geneeskunde, Chemical Biology, Mocroft, A, Lundgren, J, Ross, M, Law, M, Reiss, P, Kirk, O, Smith, C, Wentworth, D, Neuhaus, J, Fux, C, Moranne, O, Morlat, P, Johnson, M, Ryom, L, Gori, A, Internal medicine, CCA - Innovative therapy, ICaR - Circulation and metabolism, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, CCA - Disease profiling, CCA - Immuno-pathogenesis, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Mocroft, Amanda, Lundgren, Jens D., Ross, Michael, Law, Matthew, Reiss, Peter, Kirk, Ole, Smith, Colette, Wentworth, Deborah, Neuhaus, Jacqueline, Fux, Christoph A., Moranne, Olivier, Morlat, Phillipe, Johnson, Margaret A., Ryom, Lene, D:a:d Study, Group, Castagna, Antonella, the Royal Free Hospital Clinic, Cohort, and the, Insight, Smart, and ESPRIT, Study, Clinicum, Department of Medicine, Herrada, Anthony, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Global Health, Other departments, Infectious diseases, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, General Internal Medicine, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dermatology, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Other Research, Anesthesiology, and Bartlett, John
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Male ,Adult ,Age Factors ,Anti-HIV Agents ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Clinical Decision-Making ,Comorbidity ,Female ,HIV ,HIV Infections ,HIV Seropositivity ,Humans ,Incidence ,Kidney ,Middle Aged ,Prospective Studies ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Risk ,Risk Assessment ,Sex Factors ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Biochemistry ,0302 clinical medicine ,ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ,Adult, Age Factors, Anti-HIV Agents, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Clinical Decision-Making, Comorbidity, Female, HIV, HIV Infections, HIV Seropositivity, Humans, Incidence, Kidney, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Risk, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Age Factor ,Chronic ,STAGE RENAL-DISEASE ,PROTEINURIA ,virus diseases ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,General Medicine ,ASSOCIATION ,6. Clean water ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,3. Good health ,HIV/AIDS ,Medicine ,Infection ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Human ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Renal function ,NEFROPATIAS ,chronic kidney disease ,risk score model ,12. Responsible consumption ,ESPRIT study group ,03 medical and health sciences ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Clinical Research ,D:A:D study group ,Intensive care medicine ,medicine (all) ,Molecular Biology ,Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort ,Prevention ,Anti-HIV Agent ,medicine.disease ,Prospective Studie ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Immunology ,Kidney Disease ,PREDICTION ,POSITIVE PERSONS ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Sex Factor ,SDG 3 – Goede gezondheid en welzijn ,Medical and Health Sciences ,GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE ,[SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology ,INSIGHT study group ,HIV Infection ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Renal Insufficiency ,Prospective cohort study ,Framingham Risk Score ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,adult ,age factors ,anti-hiv agents ,CD4 lymphocyte count ,clinical decision-making ,comorbidity ,female ,hiv ,hiv infections ,hiv seropositivity ,humans ,incidence ,kidney ,male ,middle aged ,prospective studies ,renal insufficiency, chronic ,risk ,risk assessment ,sex factors ,SMART study group ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Patient Safety ,Risk assessment ,Biotechnology ,Research Article ,Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE ,NO ,A:D study group [D] ,General & Internal Medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,mental disorders ,medicine ,EXPOSURE ,business.industry ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Cell Biology ,[SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology ,INDIVIDUALS ,Good Health and Well Being ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with ≥3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR ≤ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Poisson regression was used to develop a risk score, externally validated on two independent cohorts. In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7–6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3–9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was −2 (interquartile range –4 to 2). There was a 1:393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score < 0, 33 events), rising to 1:47 and 1:6 in the medium (risk score 0–4, 103 events) and high risk groups (risk score ≥ 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166–3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159–278) and 21 (95% CI 19–23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506–1462), 88 (95% CI 69–121), and 9 (95% CI 8–10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3–12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6–8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD., Editors’ Summary Background About 35 million people are currently infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. HIV destroys CD4 lymphocytes and other immune system cells, leaving infected individuals susceptible to other infections. HIV infection can be controlled, but not cured, using combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), and, nowadays, the life expectancy of many HIV-positive individuals is similar to that of HIV-negative people. HIV-positive individuals nevertheless experience some illnesses more frequently than HIV-negative people do. For example, up to a third of HIV-positive individuals develop chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Persons with CKD may have an impaired effect of the filtration units in the kidneys that remove waste products and excess water from the blood to make urine, thereby leading to a reduced blood filtration rate (the estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) and waste product accumulation in the blood. Symptoms of CKD, which rarely occur until the disease is advanced, include tiredness, swollen feet, and frequent urination. Advanced stages of CKD cannot be cured, but its progression can be slowed by, for example, controlling hypertension (high blood pressure) and diabetes (two CDK risk factors) and by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Why Was This Study Done? The burden of CKD may increase among HIV-positive individuals as they age, and clinicians need to know which individuals are at high risk of developing CKD when choosing cART regimens for their patients. In addition, clinicians need to be able to identify those HIV-positive individuals at greatest risk of CKD so that they can monitor them for early signs of kidney disease. Some antiretroviral drugs—for example, tenofovir and atazanavir/ritonavir (a boosted protease inhibitor)—are associated with kidney damage. Clinicians may need to weigh the benefits and risks of giving such potentially nephrotoxic drugs to individuals who already have a high CKD risk. Here, the researchers develop and validate a simple, widely applicable risk score (a risk prediction model) for CKD among HIV-positive individuals and investigate the relationship between CKD and potentially nephrotoxic antiretroviral drugs among individuals with different CKD risk score profiles. What Did the Researchers Do and Find? To develop their CKD risk score, the researchers used clinical and demographic data collected from 17,954 HIV-positive individuals enrolled in the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study who had an eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and were not taking a potentially nephrotoxic antiretroviral at baseline. During 103,185 person-years of follow-up, 641 individuals developed CKD. Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease predicted CKD. The researchers included these nine factors in their risk score model (which is available online) and defined three risk groups: low (risk score < 0), medium (risk score 0–4), and high (risk score ≥ 5) risk of CKD development in the next five years. Specifically, there was a 1 in 393, 1 in 47, and 1 in 6 chance of developing CKD in the next five years in the low, medium, and high risk groups, respectively. Because some patients started to use potentially nephrotoxic antiretroviral drugs during follow-up, the researchers were able to use their risk score model to calculate how many patients would have to be treated with one of these drugs for an additional patient to develop CKD over five years in each risk group. This “number needed to harm” (NNTH) for patients starting treatment with tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor was 739, 88, and 9 in the low, medium, and high risk groups, respectively. Finally, the researchers validated the accuracy of their risk score in two independent HIV study groups. What Do These Findings Mean? These findings provide a simple, validated risk score for CKD and indicate that the NNTH when starting potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals was low among HIV-positive individuals at the highest risk of CKD (i.e., treating just nine individuals with nephrotoxic antiretroviral drugs will likely lead to an additional case of CKD in five years). Although various aspects of the study, including the lack of data on race, limit the accuracy of these findings, these findings highlight the need for monitoring, screening, and chronic disease prevention to minimize the risk of HIV-positive individuals developing diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease, or becoming coinfected with hepatitis C, all of which contribute to the CKD risk score. Moreover, the development of a tool for estimating an individual’s five-year risk of developing CKD with or without the addition of potentially nephrotoxic antiretroviral drugs will enable clinicians and patients to weigh the benefits of certain antiretroviral drugs against the risk of CKD and make informed decisions about treatment options. Additional Information Please access these websites via the online version of this summary at http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001809. Information is available from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases on HIV infection and AIDS NAM/aidsmap provides basic information about HIV/AIDS, summaries of recent research findings on HIV care and treatment, and personal stories about living with AIDS/HIV Information is available from Avert, an international AIDS charity, on many aspects of HIV/AIDS, including personal stories about living with HIV/AIDS The World Health Organization provides information on all aspects of HIV/AIDS (in several languages), including its guidelines on the use of ART for treating and preventing HIV infection The UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2014 provides up-to-date information about the AIDS epidemic and efforts to halt it The UK National Health Service Choices website provides information for patients on chronic kidney disease, including some personal stories The US National Kidney Foundation, a not-for-profit organization, provides information about chronic kidney disease (in English and Spanish) A tool for calculating the CDK risk score developed in this study is available Additional information about the D:A:D study is available, Amanda Mocroft and colleagues develop and validate a model for determining risk of developing chronic kidney disease for individuals with HIV if treated with different antiretroviral therapies.
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- 2015
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6. Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study
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Mocroft, A., Lundgren, J. D., Ross, M., Law, M., Reiss, P., Kirk, O., Smith, C., Wentworth, D., Neuhaus, J., Fux, C. A., Moranne, O., Morlat, P., Johnson, M. A., Ryom, L., Powderly, B., Shortman, N., Moecklinghoff, C., Reilly, G., Franquet, X., Sabin, C. A., Phillips, A., Weber, R., Pradier, C., d'Arminio Monforte, A., Dabis, F., El-Sadr, W. M., De Wit, S., Kamara, D., Tverland, J., Mansfeld, M., Nielsen, J., Raben, D., Salbol Brandt, R., Rickenbach, M., Fanti, I., Krum, E., Hillebregt, M., Geffard, S., Sundstrom, A., Delforge, M., Fontas, E., Torres, F., Mcmanus, H., Wright, S., Kjaer, J., Sjol, A., Meidahl, P., Helweg-Larsen, J., Schmidt Iversen, J., Kesselring, A. M., Friis-Moller, N., Kowalska, J., Sabin, C., Bruyand, M., Kamara, D. A., Bower, M., Fatkenheuer, G., Donald, A., Grulich, A., Prins, J. M., Kuijpers, T. W., Scherpbier, H. J., van der Meer, J. T. M., Wit, F. W. M. N., Godfried, M. H., van der Poll, T., Nellen, F. J. B., Geerlings, S. E., van Vugt, M., Pajkrt, D., Bos, J. C., Wiersinga, W. J., van der Valk, M., Goorhuis, A., Hovius, J. W., van Eden, J., Henderiks, A., van Hes, A. M. H., Mutschelknauss, M., Nobel, H. E., Pijnappel, F. J. J., Westerman, A. M., Jurriaans, S., Back, N. K. T., Zaaijer, H. L., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M. T. E., Schinkel, C. J., Thomas, X. V., van den Berge, M., Stegeman, A., Baas, S., Hage de Looff, L., Versteeg, D., Pronk, M. J. H., Ammerlaan, H. S. M., Korsten-Vorstermans, E. M. H. M., de Munnik, E. S., Jansz, A. R., Tjhie, J., Wegdam, M. C. A., Deiman, B., Scharnhorst, V., van der Plas, A., Weijsenfeld, A. M., van der Ende, M. E., de Vries-Sluijs, T. E. M. S., C. M. van Gorp, E., Schurink, C. A. M., Nouwen, J. L., Verbon, A., Rijnders, B. J. A., Bax, H. I., Hassing, R. J., van der Feltz, M., Bassant, N., van Beek, J. E. A., Vriesde, M., van Zonneveld, L. M., de Oude-Lubbers, A., van den Berg-Cameron, H. J., Bruinsma-Broekman, F. B., de Groot, J., de Zeeuw- de Man, M., Broekhoven-Kruijne, M. J., Schutten, M., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Boucher, C. A. B., Driessen, G. J. A., van Rossum, A. M. C., van der Knaap, L. C., Visser, E., Branger, J., H. M. Duijf-van de Ven C., J., Schippers, E. F., van Nieuwkoop, C., Brimicombe, R. W., van IJperen, J. M., van der Hut, G., Franck, P. F. H., van Eeden, A., Brokking, W., Groot, M., Damen, M., Kwa, I. S., Groeneveld, P. H. P., Bouwhuis, J. W., van den Berg, J. F., van Hulzen, A. G. W., van der Bliek, G. L., Bor, P. C. J., Bloembergen, P., Wolfhagen, M. J. H. M., Ruijs, G. J. H. M., van Lelyveld, S. F. L., Soetekouw, R., Hulshoff, N., van der Prijt, L. M. M., Schoemaker, M., Bermon, N., van der Reijden, W. A., Jansen, R., Herpers, B. L., Veenendaal, D., Kroon, F. P., Arend, S. M., de Boer, M. G. J., Bauer, M. P., Jolink, H., Vollaard, A. M., Dorama, W., Moons, C., Claas, E. C. J., Kroes, A. C. M., den Hollander, J. G., Pogany, K., Kastelijns, M., Smit, J. 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L., Clifford, D., Climo, M., Couey, P., Cuervo, H., Deeks, S., Dennis, M., Diaz-Linares, M., Dickerson, D., Diez, M., Di Puppo, J., Dodson, P., Dupre, D., Elion, R., Elliott, K., El-Sadr, W., Estes, M., Fabre, J., Farrough, M., Flamm, J., Follansbee, S., Foster, C., Frank, C., Franz, J., Frechette, G., Freidland, G., Frische, J., Fuentes, L., Funk, C., Geisler, C., Genther, K., Giles, M., Goetz, M., Gonzalez, M., Graeber, C., Graziano, F., Grice, D., Hahn, B., Hamilton, C., Hassler, S., Henson, A., Hopper, S., John, M., Johnson, L., Johnson, R., Jones, R., Kahn, J., Klimas, N., Kolber, M., Koletar, S., Labriola, A., Larsen, R., Lasseter, F., Lederman, M., Ling, T., Lusch, T., Macarthur, R., Machado, C., Makohon, L., Mandelke, J., Mannheimer, S., Martinez, M., Martinez, N., Mass, M., Masur, H., Mcgregor, D., Mcintyre, D., Mckee, J., Mcmullen, D., Mettinger, M., Middleton, S., Mieras, J., Mildvan, D., Miller, P., Miller, T., Mitchell, V., Mitsuyasu, R., Moanna, A., Mogridge, C., Moran, F., Murphy, R., Nahass, R., Nixon, D., O'Brien, S., Ojeda, J., Okhuysen, P., Olson, M., Osterberger, J., Owen, W., Pablovich, S. S., Patel, S., Pierone, G., Poblete, R., Potter, A., Preston, E., Rappoport, C., Regevik, N., Reyelt, M., Riney, L., Rodriguez-Barradas, M., Rodriguez, M., Rodriguez, J., Roland, R., Rosmarin-DeStefano, C., Rossen, W., Rouff, J., Saag, M., Santiago, S., Sarria, J., Wirtz, S., Schmidt, U., Scott, C., Sheridan, A., Shin, A., Shrader, S., Slowinski, D., Smith, K., Spotkov, J., Sprague, C., States, D., Suh, C., Sullivan, J., Summers, K., Sweeton, B., Tan, V., Tanner, T., Temesgen, Z., Thomas, D., Thompson, M., Tobin, C., Toro, N., Towner, W., Upton, K., Uy, J., Valenti, S., van der Horst, C., Vita, J., Voell, J., Walker, J., Walton, T., Wason, K., Watson, V., Wellons, A., Weise, J., White, M., Whitman, T., Williams, B., Williams, N., Windham, J., Witt, M., Workowski, K., Wortmann, G., Wright, T., Zelasky, C., Zwickl, B., Finley, E., Dietz, D., Chesson, C., Vjecha, M., Schmetter, B., Grue, L., Willoughby, M., Demers, A., Dragsted, U. B., Jensen, K. B., Jansson, P. O., Jensen, B. G., Benfield, T. L., Darbyshire, J. H., Babiker, A. G., Fleck, S. L., Collaco-Moraes, Y., Wyzydrag, L., Drummond, F. M., Connor, S. A., Satchell, C. S., Gunn, S., Delfino, M. A., Merlin, K., Mcginley, C., Neaton, J. D., George, M., Grund, B., Hogan, C., Miller, C., Roediger, M. P., Thackeray, L., Campbell, C., Lahart, C., Perlman, D., Rein, M., Dersimonian, R., Brody, B. A., Daar, E. S., Dubler, N. N., Fleming, T. R., Freeman, D. J., Kahn, J. P., Kim, K. M., Medoff, G., Modlin, J. F., Moellering, R., Murray, B. E., Robb, M. L., Scharfstein, D. O., Sugarman, J., Tsiatis, A., Tuazon, C., Zoloth, L., Belloso, W. H., Losso, M. H., Benetucci, J. A., Bogdanowicz, E. P., Cahn, P. E., Casiro, A. D., Cassetti, I., Contarelli, J. M., Corral, J. A., Crinejo, A., David, D. O., Ishida, M. T., Laplume, H. E., Lasala, M. B., Lupo, S. H., Masciottra, F., Michaan, M., Ruggieri, L., Salazar, E., Allworth, A. M., Anderson, J. S. C., Armishaw, J., Barnes, K., Chiam, A., Chuah, J. C. P., Curry, M. C., Dever, R. L., Donohue, W. A., Doong, N. C., Dwyer, D. E., Dyer, J., Eu, B., Ferguson, V. W., French, M. A. H., Garsia, R. J., Hudson, J. H., Jeganathan, S., Konecny, P., Mccormack, C. L., Mcmurchie, M., Moore, R. J., Moussa, M. B., Piper, M., Read, T., Roney, J. J., Shaw, D. R., Silvers, J., Smith, D. J., Street, A. C., Vale, R. J., Wendt, N. A., Wood, H., Youds, D. W., Zillman, J., Tozeau, V., de Roo, A., Leonard, P., Lynen, L., Moutschen, M., Pereira, L. C., Souza, T. N. L., Schechter, M., Zajdenverg, R., Almeida, M. M. T. B., Araujo, F., Bahia, F., Brites, C., Caseiro, M. M., Casseb, J., Etzel, A., Falco, G. G., Filho, E. C. J., Flint, S. R., Gonzales, C. R., Madruga, J. V. R., Passos, L. N., Reuter, T., Sidi, L. C., Toscano, A. L. C., Cherban, E., Conway, B., Dufour, C., Foster, A., Haase, D., Haldane, H., Klein, M., Lessard, B., Martel, A., Martel, C., Paradis, E., Schlech, W., Schmidt, S., Thompson, B., Vezina, S., Wolff Reyes, M. J., Northland, R., Hergens, L., Loftheim, I. R., Raukas, M., Justinen, J., Landman, R., Abel, S., Abgrall, S., Amat, K., Auperin, L., Barruet, R., Benalycherif, A., Benammar, N., Bentata, M., Besnier, J. M., Blanc, M., Cabie, A., Chavannet, P., Dargere, S., de la Tribonniere, X., Debord, T., Decaux, N., Delgado, J., Frixon-Marin, V., Genet, C., Gerard, L., Gilquin, J., Jeantils, V., Kouadio, H., Leclercq, P., Lelievre, J. -D., Michon, C. P., Nau, P., Pacanowski, J., Piketty, C., Salmon, D., Schmit, J. L., Serini, M. A., Tassi, S., Touam, F., Verdon, R., Weinbreck, P., Yazdanpanah, Y., Yeni, P., Bitsch, S., Bogner, J. R., Goebel, F. D., Lehmann, C., Lennemann, T., Potthof, A., Wasmuth, J. C., Wiedemeyer, K., Hatzakis, A., Touloumi, G., Antoniadou, A., Daikos, G. L., Dimitrakaki, A., Gargalianos-Kakolyris, P., Giannaris, M., Karafoulidou, A., Katsambas, A., Katsarou, O., Kontos, A. N., Kordossis, T., Lazanas, M. K., Panagopoulos, P., Paparizos, V., Papastamopoulos, V., Petrikkos, G., Skoutelis, A., Tsogas, N., Bergin, C. J., Mooka, B., Mamorksy, M. G., Agmon-Levin, N., Karplus, R., Shahar, E., Biglino, A., De Gioanni, M., Montroni, M., Raise, E., Honda, M., Ishisaka, M., Caplinskas, S., Uzdaviniene, V., Schmit, J. C., Mills, G. D., Blackmore, T., Masters, J. A., Morgan, J., Pithie, A., Brunn, J., Ormasssen, V., La Rosa, A., Guerra, O., Espichan, M., Gutierrez, L., Mendo, F., Salazar, R., Knytz, B., Kwiatkowski, J., Castro, R. S., Horta, A., Miranda, A. C., Pinto, I. V., Vera, J., Vinogradova, E., Yakovlev, A., Wood, R., Orrel, C., Arnaiz, J. A., Carrillo, R., Dalmau, D., Jordano, Q., Knobel, H., Larrousse, M., Moreno, J. S., Oretaga, E., Pena, J. N., Spycher, R., Bottone, S., Christen, A., Franc, C., Furrer, H. J., Gayet-Ageron, A., Genne, D., Hochstrasser, S., Moens, C., Nuesch, R., Ruxrungtham, K., Pumpradit, W., Dangthongdee, S., Kiertiburanakul, S., Klinbuayaem, V., Mootsikapun, P., Nonenoy, S., Piyavong, B., Prasithsirikul, W., Raksakulkarn, P., Gazzard, B. G., Ainsworth, J. G., Angus, B. J., Barber, T. J., Brook, M. G., Care, C. D., Chadwick, D. R., Chikohora, M., Churchill, D. R., Cornforth, D., Dockrell, D. H., Easterbrook, P. J., Fox, P. A., Gomez, P. A., Gompels, M. M., Harris, G. M., Herman, S., Jackson, A. G. A., Jebakumar, S. P. R., Kinghorn, G. R., Kuldanek, K. A., Larbalestier, N., Lumsden, M., Maher, T., Mantell, J., Muromba, L., Orkin, C. M., Palfreeman, A. J., Peters, B. S., Peto, T. E. A., Portsmouth, S. D., Rajamanoharan, S., Ronan, A., Schwenk, A., Slinn, M. A., Stroud, C. J., Thomas, R. C., Wansbrough-Jones, M. H., Whiles, H. J., White, D. J., Williams, E., Williams, I. G., Acosta, E. A., Adamski, A., Antoniskis, D., Aragon, D. R., Barnett, B. J., Baroni, C., Barron, M., Baxter, J. D., Beers, D., Beilke, M., Bemenderfer, D., Bernard, A., Besch, C. L., Bessesen, M. T., Bethel, J. T., Blue, S., Blum, J. D., Boarden, S., Bolan, R. K., Borgman, J. B., Brar, I., Braxton, B. K., Bredeek, U. F., Brennan, R., Britt, D. E., Bulgin-Coleman, D., Bullock, D. E., Campbell, B., Caras, S., Carroll, J., Casey, K. K., Chiang, F., Cindrich, R. B., Clark, C., Cohen, C., Coley, J., Condoluci, D. V., Contreras, R., Corser, J., Cozzolino, J., Daley, L., Dandridge, D., D'Antuono, V., Darcourt Rizo Patron, J. G., Dehovitz, J. A., Dejesus, E., Desjardin, J., Dietrich, C., Dolce, E., Erickson, D., Faber, L. L., Falbo, J., Farrough, M. J., Farthing, C. F., Ferrell-Gonzalez, P., Flynn, H., Frank, M., Freeman, K. F., French, N., Fujita, N., Gahagan, L., Gilson, I., Goetz, M. B., Goodwin, E., Guity, C. K., Gulick, P., Gunderson, E. R., Hale, C. M., Hannah, K., Henderson, H., Hennessey, K., Henry, W. K., Higgins, D. T., Hodder, S. L., Horowitz, H. W., Howe-Pittman, M., Hubbard, J., Hudson, R., Hunter, H., Hutelmyer, C., Insignares, M. T., Jackson, L., Jenny, L., Johnson, D. L., Johnson, G., Johnson, J., Kaatz, J., Kaczmarski, J., Kagan, S., Kantor, C., Kempner, T., Kieckhaus, K., Kimmel, N., Klaus, B. M., Koeppe, J. R., Koirala, J., Kopka, J., Kostman, J. R., Kozal, M. J., Kumar, A., Lampiris, H., Lamprecht, C., Lattanzi, K. M., Lee, J., Leggett, J., Long, C., Loquere, A., Loveless, K., Lucasti, C. J., Macveigh, M., Makohon, L. H., Markowitz, N. P., Marks, C., Martorell, C., Mcfeaters, E., Mcgee, B., Mcintyre, D. M., Mcmanus, E., Melecio, L. G., Melton, D., Mercado, S., Merrifield, E., Mieras, J. A., Mogyoros, M., Moran, F. M., Murphy, K., Mutic, S., Nadeem, I., Nadler, J. P., Ognjan, A., O'Hearn, M., O'Keefe, K., Okhuysen, P. C., Oldfield, E., Olson, D., Orenstein, R., Ortiz, R., Parpart, F., Pastore-Lange, V., Paul, S., Pavlatos, A., Pearce, D. D., Pelz, R., Peterson, S., Pitrak, D., Powers, S. L., Pujet, H. C., Raaum, J. W., Ravishankar, J., Reeder, J., Reilly, N. A., Reyelt, C., Riddell, J., Rimland, D., Robinson, M. L., Rodriguez, A. E., Rodriguez-Barradas, M. C., Rodriguez Derouen, V., Rosmarin, C., Rossen, W. L., Rouff, J. R., Sampson, J. H., Sands, M., Savini, C., Schrader, S., Schulte, M. M., Scott, R., Seedhom, H., Sension, M., Sheble-Hall, A., Shuter, J., Slater, L. N., Slotten, R., Smith, M., Snap, S., States, D. M., Stringer, G., Summers, K. K., Swanson, K., Sweeton, I. B., Szabo, S., Telzak, E. E., Thompson, M. A., Thompson, S., Ting Hong Bong, C., Vaccaro, A., Vasco, L. M., Vecino, I., Verlinghieri, G. K., Visnegarwala, F., Wade, B. H., Weis, S. E., Weise, J. A., Weissman, S., Wilkin, A. M., Witter, J. H., Wojtusic, L., Wright, T. J., Yeh, V., Young, B., Zeana, C., Zeh, J., Savio, E., Vacarezza, M., and Cauda R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229)
- Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with ≥3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR ≤ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Poisson regression was used to develop a risk score, externally validated on two independent cohorts. In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7–6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3–9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was −2 (interquartile range –4 to 2). There was a 1:393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score < 0, 33 events), rising to 1:47 and 1:6 in the medium (risk score 0–4, 103 events) and high risk groups (risk score ≥ 5, 505 events)
- Published
- 2015
7. Effect of raltegravir-containing intensification on HIV burden and T-cell activation in multiple gut sites of HIV-positive adults on suppressive antiretroviral therapy
- Author
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Yukl, S A, Shergill, A K, McQuaid, K, Gianella, S, Lampiris, H, Hare, C B, Pandori, M, Sinclair, E, Günthard, H F, Fischer, M, Wong, J K, Havlir, D V, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases ,2403 Immunology ,2723 Immunology and Allergy ,610 Medicine & health ,2725 Infectious Diseases - Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Subgroup analyses of maraviroc in previously treated R5 HIV-1 infection
- Author
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Fätkenheuer, G, Nelson, M, Lazzarin, A, Konourina, I, Hoepelman, Ai, Lampiris, H, Hirschel, B, Tebas, P, Raffi, F, Trottier, B, Bellos, N, Saag, M, Cooper, Da, Westby, M, Tawadrous, M, Sullivan, Jf, Ridgway, C, Dunne, Mw, Felstead, S, Vullo, Vincenzo, VAN DER RYST, E, MOTIVATE AND MOTIVATE STUDY TEAMS, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious diseases, and Surgery
- Subjects
Oncology ,Male ,Enfuvirtide ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,HIV Envelope Protein gp41/therapeutic use ,Maraviroc ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Transaminases/blood ,HIV Fusion Inhibitors ,Ethnicity ,Odds Ratio ,Medicine ,ddc:616 ,HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/virology ,Receptors, CCR5/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Viral Load ,Hepatitis B ,Hepatitis C ,HIV-1/chemistry/genetics ,HIV Envelope Protein gp41 ,Treatment Outcome ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,HIV Fusion Inhibitors/adverse effects/therapeutic use ,CCR5 Receptor Antagonists ,RNA, Viral ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,Viral disease ,Viral load ,Cyclohexanes/adverse effects/therapeutic use ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Receptors, CCR5 ,Hepatitis C virus ,Triazoles/adverse effects/therapeutic use ,Ethnic Groups ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Double-Blind Method ,Cyclohexanes ,Internal medicine ,HIV tropism ,Humans ,RNA, Viral/blood ,Transaminases ,Aged ,Hepatitis B virus ,Hepatitis B/blood/complications ,Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use ,business.industry ,Triazoles ,Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use ,Peptide Fragments ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,chemistry ,Immunology ,HIV-1 ,Hepatitis C/blood/complications ,Vicriviroc ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: We conducted subanalyses of the combined results of the Maraviroc versus Optimized Therapy in Viremic Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced Patients (MOTIVATE) 1 and MOTIVATE 2 studies to better characterize the efficacy and safety of maraviroc in key subgroups of patients. METHODS: We analyzed pooled data from week 48 from the two studies according to sex, race or ethnic group, clade, CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) delta32 genotype, viral load at the time of screening, the use or nonuse of enfuvirtide in optimized background therapy (OBT), the baseline CD4 cell count, the number of active antiretroviral drugs coadministered, the first use of selected background agents, and tropism at baseline. Changes in viral tropism and the CD4 count at treatment failure were evaluated. Data on aminotransferase levels in patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) were also analyzed. RESULTS: A treatment benefit of maraviroc plus OBT over placebo plus OBT was shown in all subgroups, including patients with a low CD4 cell count at baseline, those with a high viral load at screening, and those who had not received active agents in OBT. Analyses of the virologic response according to the first use of selected background drugs showed the additional benefit of adding a potent new drug to maraviroc at the initiation of maraviroc therapy. More patients in whom maraviroc failed had a virus binding to the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) at failure, but there was no evidence of a decrease in the CD4 cell count at failure in such patients as compared with those in whom placebo failed. Subanalyses involving patients coinfected with HBV or HCV revealed no evidence of excess hepatotoxic effects as compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Subanalyses of pooled data from week 48 indicate that maraviroc provides a valuable treatment option for a wide spectrum of patients with R5 HIV-1 infection who have been treated previously. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00098306 and NCT00098722.)
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- 2008
9. The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation
- Author
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Pereyra, F., Jia, X., McLaren, P.J., Telenti, A., de Bakker, P.I.W., Walker, B.D., Ripke, S., Brumme, C.J., Pulit, S.L., Carrington, M., Kadie, C.M., Carlson, J.M., Heckerman, D., Graham, R.R., Plenge, R.M., Deeks, S.G., Gianniny, L., Crawford, G., Sullivan, J., Gonzalez, E., Davies, L., Camargo, A., Moore, J.M, Beattie, N., Gupta, S., Crenshaw, A., Burtt, N.P., Guiducci, C., Gupta, N., Gao, X., Qi, Y., Yuki, Y., Piechocka-Trocha, A., Cutrell, E., Rosenberg, R., Moss, K.L., Lemay, P., O'Leary, J., Schaefer, T., Verma, P., Tóth, I., Block, B., Baker, B., Rothchild, A., Lian, J., Proudfoot, J., Alvino, D.M.L., Vine, S., Addo, M.M., Allen, T.M., Altfeld, M., Henn, M.R., Le Gall, S., Streeck, H., Haas, D.W., Kuritzkes, D.R., Robbins, G.K., Shafer, R.W., Gulick, R.M., Shikuma, C.M., Haubrich, R., Riddler, S., Sax, P.E., Daar, E.S., Ribaudo, H.J., Agan, B., Agarwal, S., Ahern, R.L., Allen, B.L., Altidor, S., Altschuler, E.L., Ambardar, S., Anastos, K., Anderson, B., Anderson, V., Andrady, U., Antoniskis, D., Bangsberg, D., Barbaro, D., Barrie, W., Bartczak, J., Barton, S., Basden, P., Basgoz, N., Bazner, S., Bellos, N.C., Benson, A.M., Berger, J., Bernard, N.F., Bernard, A.M., Birch, C., Bodner, S.J., Bolan, R.K., Boudreaux, E.T., Bradley, M., Braun, J.F., Brndjar, J.E., Brown, S.J., Brown, K., Brown, S.T., Burack, J., Bush, L.M., Cafaro, V., Campbell, O., Campbell, J., Carlson, R.H., Carmichael, J.K., Casey, K.K., Cavacuiti, C., Celestin, G., Chambers, S.T., Chez, N., Chirch, L.M., Cimoch, P.J., Cohen, D., Cohn, L.E., Conway, B., Cooper, D.A., Cornelson, B., Cox, D.T., Cristofano, M.V., Cuchural, G., Czartoski, J.L., Dahman, J.M., Daly, J.S., Davis, B.T., Davis, K., Davod, S.M., DeJesus, E., Dietz, C.A., Dunham, E., Dunn, M.E., Ellerin, T.B., Eron, J.J., Fangman, J.J.W., Farel, C.E., Ferlazzo, H., Fidler, S., Fleenor-Ford, A., Frankel, R., Freedberg, K.A., French, N.K., Fuchs, J.D., Fuller, J.D., Gaberman, J., Gallant, J.E., Gandhi, R.T., García, E., Garmon, D., Gathe, J.C., Gaultier, C.R., Gebre, W., Gilman, F.D., Gilson, I., Goepfert, P.A., Gottlieb, M.S., Goulston, C., Groger, R.K., Gurley, T.D., Haber, S., Hardwicke, R., Hardy, W.D., Harrigan, P.R., Hawkins, T.N., Heath, S., Hecht, F.M., Henry, W.K., Hladek, M., Hoffman, R.P., Horton, J.M., Hsu, R.K., Huhn, G.D., Hunt, P., Hupert, M.J., Illeman, M.L., Jaeger, H., Jellinger, R.M., John, M., Johnson, J.A., Johnson, K.L., Johnson, H., Johnson, K., Joly, J., Jordan, W.C., Kauffman, C.A., Khanlou, H., Killian, R.K., Kim, A.Y., Kim, D.D., Kinder, C.A., Kirchner, J.T., Kogelman, L., Kojic, E.M., Korthuis, P.T., Kurisu, W., Kwon, D.S., LaMar, M., Lampiris, H., Lanzafame, M., Lederman, M.M., Lee, D.M., Lee, J.M.L., Lee, M.J., Lee, E.T.Y., Lemoine, J., Levy, J.A., Llibre, J.M., Liguori, M.A., Little, S.J., Liu, A.Y., Lopez, A.J., Loutfy, M.R., Loy, D., Mohammed, D.Y., Man, A., Mansour, M.K., Marconi, V.C., Markowitz, M., Marques, R., Martin, J.N., Martin, H.L., Mayer, K.H., McElrath, M.J., McGhee, T.A., McGovern, B.H., McGowan, K., McIntyre, D., Mcleod, G.X., Menezes, P., Mesa, G., Metroka, C.E., Meyer-Olson, D., Miller, A.O., Montgomery, K., Mounzer, K.C., Nagami, E.H., Nagin, I., Nahass, R.G., Nelson, M.O., Nielsen, C., Norene, D.L., O'Connor, D.H., Ojikutu, B.O., Okulicz, J., Oladehin, O.O., Oldfield, E.C., Olender, S.A., Ostrowski, M., Owen, W.F., Pae, E., Parsonnet, J., Pavlatos, A.M., Perlmutter, A.M., Pierce, M.N., Pincus, J.M., Pisani, L., Price, L.J., Proia, L., Prokesch, R.C., Pujet, H.C., Ramgopal, M., Rathod, A., Rausch, M., Ravishankar, J., Rhame, F.S., Richards, C.S., Richman, D.D., Rodes, B., Rodriguez, M., Rose, R.C., Rosenberg, E.S., Rosenthal, D., Ross, P.E., Rubin, D.S., Rumbaugh, E., Saenz, L., Salvaggio, M.R., Sanchez, W.C., Sanjana, V.M., Santiago, S., Schmidt, W., Schuitemaker, H., Sestak, P.M., Shalit, P., Shay, W., Shirvani, V.N., Silebi, V.I., Sizemore, J.M., Skolnik, P.R., Sokol-Anderson, M., Sosman, J.M., Stabile, P., Stapleton, J.T., Starrett, S., Stein, F., Stellbrink, H-J, Sterman, F.L., Stone, V.E., Stone, D.R., Tambussi, G., Taplitz, R.A., Tedaldi, E.M., Theisen, W., Torres, R., Tosiello, L., Tremblay, C., Tribble, M.A., Trinh, P.D., Tsao, A., Ueda, P., Vaccaro, A., Valadas, E., Vanig, T.J., Vecino, I., Vega, V.M., Veikley, W., Wade, B.H., Walworth, C., Wanidworanun, C., Ward, D.J., Warner, D.A., Weber, R.D., Webster, D., Weis, S., Wheeler, D.A., White, D.J., Wilkins, E., Winston, A., Wlodaver, C.G., van't Wout, A., Wright, D.P., Yang, O.O., Yurdin, D.L., Zabukovic, B.W., Zachary, K.C., Zeeman, B., Zhao, M., Pereyra, F., Jia, X., McLaren, P.J., Telenti, A., de Bakker, P.I.W., Walker, B.D., Ripke, S., Brumme, C.J., Pulit, S.L., Carrington, M., Kadie, C.M., Carlson, J.M., Heckerman, D., Graham, R.R., Plenge, R.M., Deeks, S.G., Gianniny, L., Crawford, G., Sullivan, J., Gonzalez, E., Davies, L., Camargo, A., Moore, J.M, Beattie, N., Gupta, S., Crenshaw, A., Burtt, N.P., Guiducci, C., Gupta, N., Gao, X., Qi, Y., Yuki, Y., Piechocka-Trocha, A., Cutrell, E., Rosenberg, R., Moss, K.L., Lemay, P., O'Leary, J., Schaefer, T., Verma, P., Tóth, I., Block, B., Baker, B., Rothchild, A., Lian, J., Proudfoot, J., Alvino, D.M.L., Vine, S., Addo, M.M., Allen, T.M., Altfeld, M., Henn, M.R., Le Gall, S., Streeck, H., Haas, D.W., Kuritzkes, D.R., Robbins, G.K., Shafer, R.W., Gulick, R.M., Shikuma, C.M., Haubrich, R., Riddler, S., Sax, P.E., Daar, E.S., Ribaudo, H.J., Agan, B., Agarwal, S., Ahern, R.L., Allen, B.L., Altidor, S., Altschuler, E.L., Ambardar, S., Anastos, K., Anderson, B., Anderson, V., Andrady, U., Antoniskis, D., Bangsberg, D., Barbaro, D., Barrie, W., Bartczak, J., Barton, S., Basden, P., Basgoz, N., Bazner, S., Bellos, N.C., Benson, A.M., Berger, J., Bernard, N.F., Bernard, A.M., Birch, C., Bodner, S.J., Bolan, R.K., Boudreaux, E.T., Bradley, M., Braun, J.F., Brndjar, J.E., Brown, S.J., Brown, K., Brown, S.T., Burack, J., Bush, L.M., Cafaro, V., Campbell, O., Campbell, J., Carlson, R.H., Carmichael, J.K., Casey, K.K., Cavacuiti, C., Celestin, G., Chambers, S.T., Chez, N., Chirch, L.M., Cimoch, P.J., Cohen, D., Cohn, L.E., Conway, B., Cooper, D.A., Cornelson, B., Cox, D.T., Cristofano, M.V., Cuchural, G., Czartoski, J.L., Dahman, J.M., Daly, J.S., Davis, B.T., Davis, K., Davod, S.M., DeJesus, E., Dietz, C.A., Dunham, E., Dunn, M.E., Ellerin, T.B., Eron, J.J., Fangman, J.J.W., Farel, C.E., Ferlazzo, H., Fidler, S., Fleenor-Ford, A., Frankel, R., Freedberg, K.A., French, N.K., Fuchs, J.D., Fuller, J.D., Gaberman, J., Gallant, J.E., Gandhi, R.T., García, E., Garmon, D., Gathe, J.C., Gaultier, C.R., Gebre, W., Gilman, F.D., Gilson, I., Goepfert, P.A., Gottlieb, M.S., Goulston, C., Groger, R.K., Gurley, T.D., Haber, S., Hardwicke, R., Hardy, W.D., Harrigan, P.R., Hawkins, T.N., Heath, S., Hecht, F.M., Henry, W.K., Hladek, M., Hoffman, R.P., Horton, J.M., Hsu, R.K., Huhn, G.D., Hunt, P., Hupert, M.J., Illeman, M.L., Jaeger, H., Jellinger, R.M., John, M., Johnson, J.A., Johnson, K.L., Johnson, H., Johnson, K., Joly, J., Jordan, W.C., Kauffman, C.A., Khanlou, H., Killian, R.K., Kim, A.Y., Kim, D.D., Kinder, C.A., Kirchner, J.T., Kogelman, L., Kojic, E.M., Korthuis, P.T., Kurisu, W., Kwon, D.S., LaMar, M., Lampiris, H., Lanzafame, M., Lederman, M.M., Lee, D.M., Lee, J.M.L., Lee, M.J., Lee, E.T.Y., Lemoine, J., Levy, J.A., Llibre, J.M., Liguori, M.A., Little, S.J., Liu, A.Y., Lopez, A.J., Loutfy, M.R., Loy, D., Mohammed, D.Y., Man, A., Mansour, M.K., Marconi, V.C., Markowitz, M., Marques, R., Martin, J.N., Martin, H.L., Mayer, K.H., McElrath, M.J., McGhee, T.A., McGovern, B.H., McGowan, K., McIntyre, D., Mcleod, G.X., Menezes, P., Mesa, G., Metroka, C.E., Meyer-Olson, D., Miller, A.O., Montgomery, K., Mounzer, K.C., Nagami, E.H., Nagin, I., Nahass, R.G., Nelson, M.O., Nielsen, C., Norene, D.L., O'Connor, D.H., Ojikutu, B.O., Okulicz, J., Oladehin, O.O., Oldfield, E.C., Olender, S.A., Ostrowski, M., Owen, W.F., Pae, E., Parsonnet, J., Pavlatos, A.M., Perlmutter, A.M., Pierce, M.N., Pincus, J.M., Pisani, L., Price, L.J., Proia, L., Prokesch, R.C., Pujet, H.C., Ramgopal, M., Rathod, A., Rausch, M., Ravishankar, J., Rhame, F.S., Richards, C.S., Richman, D.D., Rodes, B., Rodriguez, M., Rose, R.C., Rosenberg, E.S., Rosenthal, D., Ross, P.E., Rubin, D.S., Rumbaugh, E., Saenz, L., Salvaggio, M.R., Sanchez, W.C., Sanjana, V.M., Santiago, S., Schmidt, W., Schuitemaker, H., Sestak, P.M., Shalit, P., Shay, W., Shirvani, V.N., Silebi, V.I., Sizemore, J.M., Skolnik, P.R., Sokol-Anderson, M., Sosman, J.M., Stabile, P., Stapleton, J.T., Starrett, S., Stein, F., Stellbrink, H-J, Sterman, F.L., Stone, V.E., Stone, D.R., Tambussi, G., Taplitz, R.A., Tedaldi, E.M., Theisen, W., Torres, R., Tosiello, L., Tremblay, C., Tribble, M.A., Trinh, P.D., Tsao, A., Ueda, P., Vaccaro, A., Valadas, E., Vanig, T.J., Vecino, I., Vega, V.M., Veikley, W., Wade, B.H., Walworth, C., Wanidworanun, C., Ward, D.J., Warner, D.A., Weber, R.D., Webster, D., Weis, S., Wheeler, D.A., White, D.J., Wilkins, E., Winston, A., Wlodaver, C.G., van't Wout, A., Wright, D.P., Yang, O.O., Yurdin, D.L., Zabukovic, B.W., Zachary, K.C., Zeeman, B., and Zhao, M.
- Abstract
Infectious and inflammatory diseases have repeatedly shown strong genetic associations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); however, the basis for these associations remains elusive. To define host genetic effects on the outcome of a chronic viral infection, we performed genome-wide association analysis in a multiethnic cohort of HIV-1 controllers and progressors, and we analyzed the effects of individual amino acids within the classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. We identified >300 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MHC and none elsewhere. Specific amino acids in the HLA-B peptide binding groove, as well as an independent HLA-C effect, explain the SNP associations and reconcile both protective and risk HLA alleles. These results implicate the nature of the HLA-viral peptide interaction as the major factor modulating durable control of HIV infection.
- Published
- 2010
10. Concomitant Cotrimoxazole (CTX) Does Not Affect Rifabutin (RBT) Kinetics in HIV+ Patients
- Author
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Colbom, D., primary, Lampiris, H., additional, Lee, B., additional, Lewis, R., additional, Sullam, P., additional, and Narang, P.K., additional
- Published
- 1996
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11. Relationship between T cell activation and CD4+ T cell count in HIV-seropositive individuals with undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels in the absence of therapy.
- Author
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Hunt PW, Brenchley J, Sinclair E, McCune JM, Roland M, Page-Shafer K, Hsue P, Emu B, Krone M, Lampiris H, Douek D, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Hunt, Peter W, Brenchley, Jason, Sinclair, Elizabeth, McCune, Joseph M, Roland, Michelle, Page-Shafer, Kimberly, and Hsue, Priscilla
- Abstract
Background: Although untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients maintaining undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels (elite controllers) have high HIV-specific immune responses, it is unclear whether they experience abnormal levels of T cell activation, potentially contributing to immunodeficiency.Methods: We compared percentages of activated (CD38(+)HLA-DR(+)) T cells between 30 elite controllers, 47 HIV-uninfected individuals, 187 HIV-infected individuals with undetectable viremia receiving antiretroviral therapy (antiretroviral therapy suppressed), and 66 untreated HIV-infected individuals with detectable viremia. Because mucosal translocation of bacterial products may contribute to T cell activation in HIV infection, we also measured plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels.Results: Although the median CD4(+) cell count in controllers was 727 cells/mm(3), 3 (10%) had CD4(+) cell counts <350 cells/mm(3) and 2 (7%) had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Controllers had higher CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell activation levels (P < .001 for both) than HIV-negative subjects and higher CD8(+) cell activation levels than the antiretroviral therapy suppressed (P = .048). In controllers, higher CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation was associated with lower CD4(+) cell counts (P = .009 and P = .047). Controllers had higher LPS levels than HIV-negative subjects (P < .001), and in controllers higher LPS level was associated with higher CD8(+) T cell activation (P = .039).Conclusion: HIV controllers have abnormally high T cell activation levels, which may contribute to progressive CD4(+) T cell loss even without measurable viremia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2008
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12. Prevalence of CXCR4 tropism among antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected patients with detectable viremia.
- Author
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Hunt PW, Harrigan PR, Huang W, Bates M, Williamson DW, McCune JM, Price RW, Spudich SS, Lampiris H, Hoh R, Leigler T, Martin JN, and Deeks SG
- Abstract
Although CXCR4-tropic viruses are relatively uncommon among untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals except during advanced immunodeficiency, the prevalence of CXCR4-tropic viruses among treated patients with detectable viremia is unknown. To address this issue, viral coreceptor usage was measured with a single-cycle recombinant-virus phenotypic entry assay in treatment-naive and treated HIV-infected participants with detectable viremia sampled from 2 clinic-based cohorts. Of 182 treated participants, 75 (41%) harbored dual/mixed or X4-tropic viruses, compared with 178 (18%) of the 976 treatment-naive participants (P<.001). This difference remained significant after adjustment for CD4(+) T cell count and CCR5 Delta 32 genotype. Enrichment for dual/mixed/X4-tropic viruses among treated participants was largely but incompletely explained by lower pretreatment nadir CD4 (+) T cell counts. CCR5 inhibitors may thus be best strategically used before salvage therapy and before significant CD4 (+) T cell depletion. Copyright © 2006 Infectious Diseases Society of America [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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13. Association between household exposure and cycle threshold in COVID-19 infected health care workers.
- Author
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Chien A, Domeracki S, Guntur S, Taylor K, Lu CM, Lampiris H, and Blanc PD
- Abstract
Objective: Household SARS-COV-2 contact constitutes a high-risk exposure for health care workers (HCWs). Cycle threshold (Ct) of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing provides an estimate of COVID-19 viral load, which can inform clinical and workplace management. We assessed whether Ct values differed between HCWs with COVID-19 with and without household exposure., Methods: We analyzed HCW COVID-19 cases whose Ct data could be compared. We defined low Ct at a cut-point approximating a viral load of 4.6 × 10
6 copies per ml. Logistic regression tested the association of household exposure and symptoms at diagnosis with a low Ct value., Results: Of 77 HCWs with COVID-19, 20 were household exposures cases and 34 were symptomatic at testing (7 were both household-exposed and symptomatic at testing). Among household exposures, 9 of 20 (45%) manifested lower Ct values compared to 14 of 57 (25%) for all others. In a bivariate model, household exposure was not statistically associated with lower Ct (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.20; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.97-1.51). In multivariable modelling both household exposure (OR] 1.3; 95% CI 1.03-1.6) and symptoms at diagnosis (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.15-1.7) were associated with a low Ct value., Discussion: Household exposure in HCWs with newly diagnosed COVID-19 was associated with lower Ct values, consistent with a higher viral load, supporting the hypothesis that contracting COVID-19 in that manner leads to a greater viral inoculum., (© 2021. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2021
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14. Cycle Threshold to Test Positivity in COVID-19 for Return to Work Clearance in Health Care Workers.
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Domeracki S, Clapp RN, Taylor K, Lu CM, Lampiris H, and Blanc PD
- Subjects
- COVID-19, COVID-19 Testing, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Sensitivity and Specificity, Viral Load, Betacoronavirus, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Coronavirus Infections diagnosis, Health Personnel, Pneumonia, Viral diagnosis, Return to Work
- Abstract
Objective: To ascertain whether reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) cycle amplifications until detection, the cycle threshold (Ct), could help inform return to work (RTW) strategies for health care workers (HCWs) recovering from COVID-19 infection., Methods: Sequential Ct data from COVID-19 nasal pharyngeal (NP) RT-PCR testing in all COVID-19 positive HCWs at a single institution. Analysis of Ct in relation to time until negative testing for RTW clearance., Results: Data for 12 employees showed that time elapsed until RT-PCR test-based RTW clearance ranged from 7 to 57 days (median, 34.5 days). Lower initial Ct correlated with the total time elapsed until clearance (r = -0.80; P = 0.002)., Conclusion: Considering the RT-PCR Ct, which correlates with the estimated viral load, may help inform RTW planning and decision making beyond solely relying on dichotomized positive/negative results.
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- 2020
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15. Evaluating the Concordance of Clinician Antiretroviral Prescribing Practices and HIV-ASSIST, an Online Clinical Decision Support Tool.
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Ramirez JA, Maddali MV, Budak JZ, Li JZ, Lampiris H, and Shah M
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, San Francisco, Treatment Outcome, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Individualized selection of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is complex, considering drug resistance, comorbidities, drug-drug interactions, and other factors. HIV-ASSIST (www.hivassist.com) is a free, online tool that provides ARV decision support. HIV-ASSIST synthesizes patient and virus-specific attributes to rank ARV combinations based upon a composite objective of achieving viral suppression and maximizing tolerability., Objective: To evaluate concordance of HIV-ASSIST recommendations with ARV selections of experienced HIV clinicians., Design: Retrospective cohort study., Patients: New and established patients at the Johns Hopkins Bartlett HIV Clinic and San Francisco Veterans Affairs HIV Clinic completing clinic visits were included. Chart reviews were conducted of the most recent clinic visit to generate HIV-ASSIST recommendations, which were compared to prescribed regimens., Main Measures: For each provider-prescribed regimen, we assessed its corresponding HIV-ASSIST "weighted score" (scale of 0 to 10 +, scores of < 2.0 are preferred), rank within HIV-ASSIST's ordered listing of ARV regimens, and concordance with the top five HIV-ASSIST ranked outputs., Key Results: Among 106 patients (16% female), 23 (22%) were ARV-naïve. HIV-ASSIST outputs for ARV-naïve patients were 100% concordant with prescribed regimens (median rank 1 [IQR 1-3], median weighted score 1.1 [IQR 1-1.2]). For 18 (17%) ARV-experienced patients with ongoing viremia, HIV-ASSIST outputs were 89% concordant with prescribed regimens (median rank 2 [IQR 1-3], median weighted score 1 [IQR 1-1.2]). For 65 (61.3%) patients that were suppressed on a current ARV regimen, HIV-ASSIST recommendations were concordant 88% of the time (median rank 1 [IQR 1-1], median weighted score 1.1 [IQR 1-1.6]). In 18% of cases, HIV-ASSIST weighted score suggested that the prescribed regimen would be considered "less preferred" (score > 2.0) than other available alternatives., Conclusion: HIV-ASSIST is an educational decision support tool that provides ARV recommendations concordant with experienced HIV providers from two major academic centers for a diverse set of patient scenarios.
- Published
- 2020
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16. Opportunistic coinfection with Pneumocystis jirovecii and Coccidioides immitis associated with idelalisib treatment in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
- Author
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Ward LM, Peluso MJ, Budak JZ, Elicker BM, Chin-Hong PV, Lampiris H, and Mulliken JS
- Subjects
- Aged, Coccidioides isolation & purification, Coccidioidomycosis complications, Coccidioidomycosis drug therapy, Coinfection, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell drug therapy, Male, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis complications, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis drug therapy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects, Coccidioidomycosis diagnosis, Immunocompromised Host, Pneumocystis carinii isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis diagnosis, Purines adverse effects, Quinazolinones adverse effects
- Abstract
We describe a case of opportunistic coinfections with Coccidioides immitis and Pneumocystis jirovecii following treatment with idelalisib, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. This is the first case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis reported in association with idelalisib. We review challenges related to diagnosis of opportunistic infections in this context. This report illustrates (1) the uncommon occurrence of two opportunistic infections concurrently or in rapid succession, (2) the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis in the setting of an atypical imaging finding, slow clinical response or when immunomodulatory drugs are used, and (3) the challenges associated with non-invasive serological testing in individuals with haematological malignancy on immunomodulatory therapy., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2020
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17. Response to: Is Burnout Infectious? Understanding Drivers of Burnout and Job Satisfaction Among Academic Infectious Diseases Physicians.
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Budak JZ, Brickman CE, Abdoler EA, Wallender EK, Mulliken JS, Kerkhoff AD, Lampiris H, Babik JM, Koss CA, and Schwartz BS
- Published
- 2020
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18. HIV latency in isolated patient CD4 + T cells may be due to blocks in HIV transcriptional elongation, completion, and splicing.
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Yukl SA, Kaiser P, Kim P, Telwatte S, Joshi SK, Vu M, Lampiris H, and Wong JK
- Subjects
- Anti-Retroviral Agents pharmacology, HIV-1 drug effects, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA Splicing drug effects, RNA Splicing genetics, T-Lymphocytes metabolism, T-Lymphocytes virology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes virology, HIV-1 genetics, HIV-1 pathogenicity
- Abstract
Latently infected CD4
+ T cells are the main barrier to complete clearance of HIV infection, but it is unclear what mechanisms govern latent HIV infection in vivo. To address this question, we developed a new panel of reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR) assays specific for different HIV transcripts that define distinct blocks to transcription. We applied this panel of assays to CD4+ T cells freshly isolated from HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) to quantify the degree to which different mechanisms inhibit HIV transcription. In addition, we measured the degree to which these transcriptional blocks could be reversed ex vivo by T cell activation (using anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies) or latency-reversing agents. We found that the main reversible block to HIV RNA transcription was not inhibition of transcriptional initiation but rather a series of blocks to proximal elongation, distal transcription/polyadenylation (completion), and multiple splicing. Cell dilution experiments suggested that these mechanisms operated in most of the HIV-infected CD4+ T cells examined. Latency-reversing agents exerted differential effects on the three blocks to HIV transcription, suggesting that these blocks may be governed by different mechanisms., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)- Published
- 2018
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19. Neuraminidase Inhibitors and Influenza Infection-Reply.
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Louie JK and Lampiris H
- Subjects
- Humans, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use, Influenza A virus, Influenza, Human drug therapy, Neuraminidase antagonists & inhibitors
- Published
- 2016
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20. Treating Influenza With Neuraminidase Inhibitors: What Is the Evidence?
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Louie JK and Lampiris H
- Subjects
- Humans, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use, Influenza A virus, Influenza, Human drug therapy, Neuraminidase antagonists & inhibitors
- Published
- 2015
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21. Geriatric Syndromes in Older HIV-Infected Adults.
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Greene M, Covinsky KE, Valcour V, Miao Y, Madamba J, Lampiris H, Cenzer IS, Martin J, and Deeks SG
- Subjects
- Accidental Falls, Cognition Disorders epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Urinary Incontinence epidemiology, Aging, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections pathology
- Abstract
Background: Geriatric syndromes such as falls, frailty, and functional impairment are multifactorial conditions used to identify vulnerable older adults. Limited data exist on these conditions in older HIV-infected adults, and no studies have comprehensively examined these conditions., Methods: Geriatric syndromes including falls, urinary incontinence, functional impairment, frailty, sensory impairment, depression, and cognitive impairment were measured in a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected adults aged 50 years and older who had an undetectable viral load on antiretroviral therapy. We examined both HIV and non-HIV-related predictors of geriatric syndromes including sociodemographics, number of comorbidities and nonantiretroviral medications, and HIV-specific variables in multivariate analyses., Results: We studied 155 participants with a median age of 57 (interquartile range: 54-62) and 94% were men. Prefrailty (56%), difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living (46%), and cognitive impairment (47%) were the most frequent geriatric syndromes. Lower CD4 nadir incidence rate ratio [IRR: 1.16, 95% (confidence interval) CI: 1.06 to 1.26], non-white race (IRR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.74), and increasing number of comorbidities (IRR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.15) were associated with increased risk of having more geriatric syndromes., Conclusions: Geriatric syndromes are common in older HIV-infected adults. Treatment of comorbidities and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy may help to prevent development of these age-related complications. Clinical care of older HIV-infected adults should consider incorporation of geriatric principles.
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- 2015
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22. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: A Pilot Study of a Brief Screening Tool for Mild and Moderate Cognitive Impairment in HIV-Positive Veterans.
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Chartier M, Crouch PC, Tullis V, Catella S, Frawley E, Filanosky C, Carmody T, McQuaid J, Lampiris H, and Wong JK
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- Adult, Aged, Cognition Disorders etiology, Cognition Disorders virology, HIV-1 physiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Pilot Projects, Veterans statistics & numerical data, Viral Load, Cognition, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Cognition Disorders psychology, HIV Infections complications
- Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) are common, often go undetected, and can impact treatment outcomes. There is limited evidence on how to perform routine cognitive screening in HIV clinical settings. To address this, 44 HIV-positive males were recruited from a Veteran Affairs Infectious Disease clinic and completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS), and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. In all, 50% scored below the MoCA cutoff and 36% scored below the IHDS cutoff. Current CD4 was the strongest predictor of an abnormal MoCA score (P = .007, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.987-0.998) and elevated depression was the second strongest predictor (P = .008, CI: 1.043-1.326). Combination antiviral therapy use and age were not significant predictors in this model. The MoCA appeared to be a reasonable screening tool to detect cognitive impairment in HIV-positive patients, and although it is not sufficient to diagnose HAND, it has the potential to provide meaningful clinical data., (© The Author(s) 2015.)
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- 2015
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23. Modification of the Abbott RealTime assay for detection of HIV-1 plasma RNA viral loads less than one copy per milliliter.
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Yukl SA, Li P, Fujimoto K, Lampiris H, Lu CM, Hare CB, Deeks SG, Liegler T, Pandori M, Havlir DV, and Wong JK
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- Adult, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Plasma virology, RNA, Viral blood, Specimen Handling methods, Viral Load methods
- Abstract
Although commercial tests are approved for detection of HIV-1 plasma viral loads ≥ 20 copies per milliliter (ml), only one specialized research assay has been reported to detect plasma viral loads as low as 1 copy/ml. This manuscript describes a method of concentrating HIV-1 virions from up to 30 ml of plasma, which can be combined with a commercial viral load test to create a widely available, reproducible assay for quantifying plasma HIV RNA levels less than 1 copy/ml. Using this pre-analytically modified assay, samples with a known level of 0.5 copy/ml were detected in 8 of 12 replicates (mean 0.47 copy/ml; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14-0.81 copy/ml) and samples with a known level of 1.0 copy/ml were detected in 13 of 13 replicates (mean 1.96 copy/ml; 95% CI 1.42-2.50 copy/ml). By concentrating virus from 30 ml of plasma, HIV RNA could be measured in 16 of 19 samples (84%) from 12 of 12 subjects (mean 2.77 copy/ml; 95% CI 0.86-4.68 copy/ml). The measured viral load correlated inversely (r = -0.78; p = 0.028) with the total duration of viral suppression (viral load<40 copies/ml)., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2011
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24. A randomized, controlled trial of raltegravir intensification in antiretroviral-treated, HIV-infected patients with a suboptimal CD4+ T cell response.
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Hatano H, Hayes TL, Dahl V, Sinclair E, Lee TH, Hoh R, Lampiris H, Hunt PW, Palmer S, McCune JM, Martin JN, Busch MP, Shacklett BL, and Deeks SG
- Subjects
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 analysis, Anti-HIV Agents adverse effects, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes chemistry, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, HLA-DR Antigens analysis, Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins analysis, Placebos administration & dosage, Pyrrolidinones adverse effects, Raltegravir Potassium, T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load, Viremia, Anti-HIV Agents administration & dosage, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, HIV Infections drug therapy, Pyrrolidinones administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: Some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are not able to achieve a normal CD4(+) T cell count despite prolonged, treatment-mediated viral suppression. We conducted an intensification study to assess whether residual viral replication contributes to replenishment of the latent reservoir and whether mucosal HIV-specific T cell responses limit the reservoir size., Methods: Thirty treated subjects with CD4(+) T cell counts of <350 cells/mm(3) despite viral suppression for ≥ 1 year were randomized to add raltegravir (400 mg twice daily) or matching placebo for 24 weeks. The primary end points were the proportion of subjects with undetectable plasma viremia (determined using an ultrasensitive assay with a lower limit of detection of <.3 copy/mL) and a change in the percentage of CD38(+)HLA-DR(+)CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)., Results: The proportion of subjects with undetectable plasma viremia did not differ between the 2 groups (P = .42). Raltegravir intensification did not have a significant effect on immune activation or HIV-specific responses in PBMCs or gut-associated lymphoid tissue., Conclusions: Low-level viremia is not likely to be a significant cause of suboptimal CD4(+) T cell gains during HIV treatment., Clinical Trials Registration: NCT00631449.
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- 2011
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25. The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation.
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Pereyra F, Jia X, McLaren PJ, Telenti A, de Bakker PI, Walker BD, Ripke S, Brumme CJ, Pulit SL, Carrington M, Kadie CM, Carlson JM, Heckerman D, Graham RR, Plenge RM, Deeks SG, Gianniny L, Crawford G, Sullivan J, Gonzalez E, Davies L, Camargo A, Moore JM, Beattie N, Gupta S, Crenshaw A, Burtt NP, Guiducci C, Gupta N, Gao X, Qi Y, Yuki Y, Piechocka-Trocha A, Cutrell E, Rosenberg R, Moss KL, Lemay P, O'Leary J, Schaefer T, Verma P, Toth I, Block B, Baker B, Rothchild A, Lian J, Proudfoot J, Alvino DM, Vine S, Addo MM, Allen TM, Altfeld M, Henn MR, Le Gall S, Streeck H, Haas DW, Kuritzkes DR, Robbins GK, Shafer RW, Gulick RM, Shikuma CM, Haubrich R, Riddler S, Sax PE, Daar ES, Ribaudo HJ, Agan B, Agarwal S, Ahern RL, Allen BL, Altidor S, Altschuler EL, Ambardar S, Anastos K, Anderson B, Anderson V, Andrady U, Antoniskis D, Bangsberg D, Barbaro D, Barrie W, Bartczak J, Barton S, Basden P, Basgoz N, Bazner S, Bellos NC, Benson AM, Berger J, Bernard NF, Bernard AM, Birch C, Bodner SJ, Bolan RK, Boudreaux ET, Bradley M, Braun JF, Brndjar JE, Brown SJ, Brown K, Brown ST, Burack J, Bush LM, Cafaro V, Campbell O, Campbell J, Carlson RH, Carmichael JK, Casey KK, Cavacuiti C, Celestin G, Chambers ST, Chez N, Chirch LM, Cimoch PJ, Cohen D, Cohn LE, Conway B, Cooper DA, Cornelson B, Cox DT, Cristofano MV, Cuchural G Jr, Czartoski JL, Dahman JM, Daly JS, Davis BT, Davis K, Davod SM, DeJesus E, Dietz CA, Dunham E, Dunn ME, Ellerin TB, Eron JJ, Fangman JJ, Farel CE, Ferlazzo H, Fidler S, Fleenor-Ford A, Frankel R, Freedberg KA, French NK, Fuchs JD, Fuller JD, Gaberman J, Gallant JE, Gandhi RT, Garcia E, Garmon D, Gathe JC Jr, Gaultier CR, Gebre W, Gilman FD, Gilson I, Goepfert PA, Gottlieb MS, Goulston C, Groger RK, Gurley TD, Haber S, Hardwicke R, Hardy WD, Harrigan PR, Hawkins TN, Heath S, Hecht FM, Henry WK, Hladek M, Hoffman RP, Horton JM, Hsu RK, Huhn GD, Hunt P, Hupert MJ, Illeman ML, Jaeger H, Jellinger RM, John M, Johnson JA, Johnson KL, Johnson H, Johnson K, Joly J, Jordan WC, Kauffman CA, Khanlou H, Killian RK, Kim AY, Kim DD, Kinder CA, Kirchner JT, Kogelman L, Kojic EM, Korthuis PT, Kurisu W, Kwon DS, LaMar M, Lampiris H, Lanzafame M, Lederman MM, Lee DM, Lee JM, Lee MJ, Lee ET, Lemoine J, Levy JA, Llibre JM, Liguori MA, Little SJ, Liu AY, Lopez AJ, Loutfy MR, Loy D, Mohammed DY, Man A, Mansour MK, Marconi VC, Markowitz M, Marques R, Martin JN, Martin HL Jr, Mayer KH, McElrath MJ, McGhee TA, McGovern BH, McGowan K, McIntyre D, Mcleod GX, Menezes P, Mesa G, Metroka CE, Meyer-Olson D, Miller AO, Montgomery K, Mounzer KC, Nagami EH, Nagin I, Nahass RG, Nelson MO, Nielsen C, Norene DL, O'Connor DH, Ojikutu BO, Okulicz J, Oladehin OO, Oldfield EC 3rd, Olender SA, Ostrowski M, Owen WF Jr, Pae E, Parsonnet J, Pavlatos AM, Perlmutter AM, Pierce MN, Pincus JM, Pisani L, Price LJ, Proia L, Prokesch RC, Pujet HC, Ramgopal M, Rathod A, Rausch M, Ravishankar J, Rhame FS, Richards CS, Richman DD, Rodes B, Rodriguez M, Rose RC 3rd, Rosenberg ES, Rosenthal D, Ross PE, Rubin DS, Rumbaugh E, Saenz L, Salvaggio MR, Sanchez WC, Sanjana VM, Santiago S, Schmidt W, Schuitemaker H, Sestak PM, Shalit P, Shay W, Shirvani VN, Silebi VI, Sizemore JM Jr, Skolnik PR, Sokol-Anderson M, Sosman JM, Stabile P, Stapleton JT, Starrett S, Stein F, Stellbrink HJ, Sterman FL, Stone VE, Stone DR, Tambussi G, Taplitz RA, Tedaldi EM, Telenti A, Theisen W, Torres R, Tosiello L, Tremblay C, Tribble MA, Trinh PD, Tsao A, Ueda P, Vaccaro A, Valadas E, Vanig TJ, Vecino I, Vega VM, Veikley W, Wade BH, Walworth C, Wanidworanun C, Ward DJ, Warner DA, Weber RD, Webster D, Weis S, Wheeler DA, White DJ, Wilkins E, Winston A, Wlodaver CG, van't Wout A, Wright DP, Yang OO, Yurdin DL, Zabukovic BW, Zachary KC, Zeeman B, and Zhao M
- Subjects
- Black or African American genetics, Alleles, Amino Acids physiology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Cohort Studies, Disease Progression, Genome-Wide Association Study, HIV Antigens immunology, HIV Infections ethnology, HIV Infections virology, HIV Long-Term Survivors, HLA-A Antigens chemistry, HLA-A Antigens genetics, HLA-A Antigens immunology, HLA-A Antigens metabolism, HLA-B Antigens chemistry, HLA-B Antigens immunology, HLA-B Antigens metabolism, HLA-C Antigens chemistry, HLA-C Antigens genetics, HLA-C Antigens immunology, HLA-C Antigens metabolism, Haplotypes, Hispanic or Latino genetics, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Logistic Models, Models, Molecular, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Protein Conformation, Viral Load, White People genetics, Antigen Presentation, Genes, MHC Class I, HIV Infections genetics, HIV Infections immunology, HIV-1 immunology, HLA-B Antigens genetics
- Abstract
Infectious and inflammatory diseases have repeatedly shown strong genetic associations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); however, the basis for these associations remains elusive. To define host genetic effects on the outcome of a chronic viral infection, we performed genome-wide association analysis in a multiethnic cohort of HIV-1 controllers and progressors, and we analyzed the effects of individual amino acids within the classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. We identified >300 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MHC and none elsewhere. Specific amino acids in the HLA-B peptide binding groove, as well as an independent HLA-C effect, explain the SNP associations and reconcile both protective and risk HLA alleles. These results implicate the nature of the HLA-viral peptide interaction as the major factor modulating durable control of HIV infection.
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- 2010
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26. Differences in HIV burden and immune activation within the gut of HIV-positive patients receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy.
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Yukl SA, Gianella S, Sinclair E, Epling L, Li Q, Duan L, Choi AL, Girling V, Ho T, Li P, Fujimoto K, Lampiris H, Hare CB, Pandori M, Haase AT, Günthard HF, Fischer M, Shergill AK, McQuaid K, Havlir DV, and Wong JK
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, DNA, Viral analysis, HIV Infections immunology, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 genetics, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral analysis, RNA, Viral blood, Viral Load, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Intestines immunology, Intestines virology, T-Lymphocytes immunology
- Abstract
Background: The gut is a major reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesized that distinct immune environments within the gut may support varying levels of HIV., Methods: In 8 HIV-1-positive adults who were receiving ART and had CD4(+) T cell counts of >200 cells/μL and plasma viral loads of <40 copies/mL, levels of HIV and T cell activation were measured in blood samples and endoscopic biopsy specimens from the duodenum, ileum, ascending colon, and rectum., Results: HIV DNA and RNA levels per CD4(+) T cell were higher in all 4 gut sites compared with those in the blood. HIV DNA levels increased from the duodenum to the rectum, whereas the median HIV RNA level peaked in the ileum. HIV DNA levels correlated positively with T cell activation markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) but negatively with T cell activation markers in the gut. Multiply spliced RNA was infrequently detected in gut, and ratios of unspliced RNA to DNA were lower in the colon and rectum than in PBMCs, which reflects paradoxically low HIV transcription, given the higher level of T cell activation in the gut., Conclusions: HIV DNA and RNA are both concentrated in the gut, but the inverse relationship between HIV DNA levels and T cell activation in the gut and the paradoxically low levels of HIV expression in the large bowel suggest that different processes drive HIV persistence in the blood and gut., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00884793 (PLUS1).
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- 2010
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27. Effect of raltegravir-containing intensification on HIV burden and T-cell activation in multiple gut sites of HIV-positive adults on suppressive antiretroviral therapy.
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Yukl SA, Shergill AK, McQuaid K, Gianella S, Lampiris H, Hare CB, Pandori M, Sinclair E, Günthard HF, Fischer M, Wong JK, and Havlir DV
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Female, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1 physiology, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation drug effects, Male, Middle Aged, Raltegravir Potassium, T-Lymphocyte Subsets drug effects, T-Lymphocyte Subsets virology, Viral Load drug effects, Young Adult, HIV Infections immunology, HIV-1 drug effects, Lymphocyte Activation immunology, Pyrrolidinones administration & dosage, RNA, Viral immunology, T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology
- Abstract
Objective: To determine whether raltegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) intensification reduces HIV levels in the gut., Design: Open-label study in HIV-positive adults on ART with plasma HIV RNA below 40 copies/ml., Methods: Seven HIV-positive adults received 12 weeks of ART intensification with raltegravir alone or in combination with efavirenz or darunavir. Gut cells were obtained by upper and lower endoscopy with biopsies from duodenum, ileum, colon, and rectum at baseline and 12 weeks. Study outcomes included plasma HIV RNA, HIV DNA and RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and four gut sites, T-cell subsets, and activation markers., Results: Intensification produced no consistent decrease in HIV RNA in the plasma, PBMC, duodenum, colon, or rectum. However, five of seven participants had a decrease in unspliced HIV RNA per 10 CD4(+) T cells in the ileum. There was a trend towards decreased T-cell activation in all sites, which was greatest for CD8(+) T cells in the ileum and PBMC, and a trend towards increased CD4(+) T cells in the ileum., Conclusion: Most HIV RNA and DNA in the blood and gut is not the result of ongoing replication that can be impacted by short-term intensification with raltegravir. However, the ileum may support ongoing productive infection in some patients on ART, even if the contribution to plasma RNA is not discernible.
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- 2010
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28. Evolution of integrase resistance during failure of integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy.
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Hatano H, Lampiris H, Fransen S, Gupta S, Huang W, Hoh R, Martin JN, Lalezari J, Bangsberg D, Petropoulos C, and Deeks SG
- Subjects
- Anti-Retroviral Agents therapeutic use, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Female, HIV drug effects, HIV genetics, HIV physiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral blood, Time Factors, Treatment Failure, Virus Replication drug effects, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Viral, HIV Integrase drug effects, HIV Integrase Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Although integrase inhibitors are highly effective in the management of drug-resistant HIV, some patients fail to achieve durable viral suppression. The long-term consequences of integrase inhibitor failure have not been well defined., Methods: We identified 29 individuals who exhibited evidence of incomplete viral suppression on a regimen containing an integrase inhibitor (23 raltegravir, 6 elvitegravir). Before initiating the integrase inhibitor-based regimen, the median CD4 T-cell count and plasma HIV RNA levels were 62 cells/mm and 4.65 log10 copies/mL, respectively., Results: At the first failure time-point, the most common integrase resistance pattern for subjects taking raltegravir was wild-type, followed in order of frequency by Q148H/K/R+G140S, N155H, and Y143R/H/C. The most common resistance pattern for subjects taking elvitegravir was E92Q. Long-term failure was associated with continued viral evolution, emergence of high-level phenotypic resistance, and a decrease in replicative capacity., Conclusions: Although wild-type failure during early integrase inhibitor failure is common, most patients eventually develop high-level phenotypic drug resistance. This resistance evolution is gradual and associated with declines in replicative capacity.
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- 2010
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29. Activity of elvitegravir, a once-daily integrase inhibitor, against resistant HIV Type 1: results of a phase 2, randomized, controlled, dose-ranging clinical trial.
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Zolopa AR, Berger DS, Lampiris H, Zhong L, Chuck SL, Enejosa JV, Kearney BP, and Cheng AK
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Darunavir, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, HIV Infections blood, HIV Integrase Inhibitors therapeutic use, HIV Protease Inhibitors therapeutic use, HIV-1 genetics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pyridines pharmacology, Pyridines therapeutic use, Pyrones pharmacology, Pyrones therapeutic use, Quinolones standards, Quinolones therapeutic use, RNA, Viral blood, Ritonavir therapeutic use, Sulfonamides pharmacology, Sulfonamides therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Integrase Inhibitors pharmacology, HIV Protease Inhibitors pharmacology, HIV-1 drug effects, Quinolones pharmacology, Ritonavir pharmacology
- Abstract
Background: This phase 2, randomized, active-controlled, 48-week study assessed the noninferiority of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase inhibitor elvitegravir to comparator ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (CPI/r) in treatment-experienced subjects., Methods: Subjects had HIV RNA levels 1000 copies/mL and 1 protease resistance mutation. Subjects received nucleoside or nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with or without T-20 and either CPI/r or once-daily elvitegravir at a dose of 20 mg, 50 mg, or 125 mg (blinded to dose) with ritonavir. After week 8, the independent data monitoring committee stopped the elvitegravir 20 mg arm and allowed subjects in the elvitegravir 50 mg and 125 mg arms to add protease inhibitors. The primary end point was the time-weighted average change from baseline in HIV RNA level through week 24 (DAVG(24))., Results: A total of 278 subjects with a median of 11 protease and 3 thymidine analog mutations were randomized and treated. One-half of subjects received NRTIs without expected antiviral activity. Compared with the DAVG(24) for the CPI/r arm (-1.19 log(10) copies/mL), the elvitegravir 50 mg arm was noninferior (-1.44 log(10) copies/mL), and the elvitegravir 125 mg arm was superior (-1.66 log(10) copies/mL; P = .021). Efficacy was impacted by activity of background agents. There was no relationship between elvitegravir dosage and adverse events., Conclusions: Elvitegravir was well-tolerated and produced rapid virologic suppression that was durable with active background therapy. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number: NCT00298350.
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- 2010
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30. Resolution of hepatitis C virus-induced steatosis improves tolerability of antiretroviral drugs associated with hepatotoxicity in an HIV-infected individual.
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Shah T, Lampiris H, Vu M, Monto A, and Tien PC
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- Fatty Liver virology, Hepatitis C, Chronic drug therapy, Hepatitis C, Chronic virology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active adverse effects, Fatty Liver drug therapy, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections virology, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis C, Chronic complications
- Published
- 2008
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31. Covering all the bases: targeting HIV-1 integrase.
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Wong JK and Lampiris H
- Subjects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Pyrrolidinones, Raltegravir Potassium, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Integrase metabolism, HIV Integrase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Organic Chemicals therapeutic use
- Published
- 2006
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32. The independent effect of drug resistance on T cell activation in HIV infection.
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Hunt PW, Deeks SG, Bangsberg DR, Moss A, Sinclair E, Liegler T, Bates M, Tsao G, Lampiris H, Hoh R, and Martin JN
- Subjects
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 analysis, Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents therapeutic use, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Protease Inhibitors therapeutic use, HIV-1 genetics, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis C complications, Hepatitis C drug therapy, Hepatitis C immunology, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation drug effects, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral blood, Statistics, Nonparametric, Viremia, Drug Resistance, Viral, HIV Infections immunology, HIV-1 physiology, T-Lymphocytes immunology
- Abstract
Objective: Antiretroviral-treated individuals with drug-resistant HIV experience slower CD4 cell count declines than untreated individuals, independent of degree of viremia. As immune activation independently predicts disease progression, we hypothesized that patients with drug-resistant viremia would have less immune activation than patients with wild-type viremia, independent of plasma HIV RNA levels and that these differences would not be explained by a direct drug effect of protease inhibitors., Methods: Percentages of activated (CD38/HLA-DR) T cells were compared between untreated participants with wild-type viremia and antiretroviral-treated participants with drug-resistant viremia, after adjusting for plasma HIV RNA levels among other factors associated with T cell activation. Changes in T cell activation were also assessed in subjects discontinuing protease inhibitors while continuing other antiretroviral medications., Results: Twenty-one untreated participants with wild-type viremia and 70 antiretroviral-treated participants with drug-resistant viremia were evaluated. Relative to untreated participants, those with drug-resistant viremia had 29% fewer activated CD4 (P = 0.051) and CD8 (P = 0.012) T cells after adjustment for plasma HIV RNA levels among other factors. There was no evidence for an early change in T cell activation among 13 subjects with drug-resistant viremia interrupting protease inhibitors while continuing other antiretroviral medications, but a significant increase in T cell activation with complete or partial emergence of wild-type sequences in protease., Conclusions: Antiretroviral-treated patients with drug-resistant viremia have less T cell activation than untreated patients, independent of plasma HIV RNA level. Decreased ability of drug-resistant variants to cause T cell activation likely contributes to slower CD4 cell count declines among patients with drug-resistant viremia.
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- 2006
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33. T cell activation is associated with lower CD4+ T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy.
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Hunt PW, Martin JN, Sinclair E, Bredt B, Hagos E, Lampiris H, and Deeks SG
- Subjects
- Adult, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Female, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 genetics, HIV-1 physiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral blood, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections immunology, HIV-1 drug effects, Lymphocyte Activation
- Abstract
Although T cell activation is associated with disease progression in untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, its significance in antiretroviral-treated patients is unknown. Activated (CD38(+)HLA-DR(+)) T cell counts were measured in 99 HIV-infected adults who had maintained a plasma HIV RNA level
- Published
- 2003
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34. Tenofovir DF in antiretroviral-experienced patients: results from a 48-week, randomized, double-blind study.
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Schooley RT, Ruane P, Myers RA, Beall G, Lampiris H, Berger D, Chen SS, Miller MD, Isaacson E, and Cheng AK
- Subjects
- Adenine adverse effects, Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Double-Blind Method, Drug Resistance, Viral, Female, HIV Infections immunology, HIV-1 genetics, HIV-1 immunology, HIV-1 physiology, Humans, Male, Organophosphorus Compounds adverse effects, RNA, Viral analysis, Tenofovir, Time Factors, Adenine analogs & derivatives, Adenine pharmacology, Adenine therapeutic use, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 drug effects, Organophosphonates, Organophosphorus Compounds pharmacology, Organophosphorus Compounds therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of once daily doses of tenofovir DF (TDF) administered in combination with other antiretroviral therapy (ART) in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients with incomplete virological suppression., Design: One-hundred and eighty-nine subjects with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels between 400 and 100,000 copies/ml and stable ART (> or = 8 weeks) were randomized (2 : 2 : 2 : 1 ratio) to add TDF 75 mg, 150 mg, or 300 mg or placebo to existing ART in a double-blinded manner. After 24 weeks, patients initially randomized to placebo received blinded TDF 300 mg., Methods: Efficacy was analyzed by the mean changes HIV-1 RNA levels (log10 copies/ml plasma; DAVG(xx)) from week 0 to weeks 4, 24, and 48. Safety was analyzed by incidence of grade 3 or 4 clinical and laboratory adverse events., Results: At baseline, patients had mean 4.6 years prior ART use with 94% having HIV-1 with nucleoside-associated resistance mutations. There were statistically significant decreases in DAVG(4) and DAVG(24) for all doses of TDF compared with placebo, with the greatest effect seen with TDF 300 mg (DAVG(4), -0.62, P < 0.001; DAVG(24), -0.58; P < 0.001; DAVG(48), -0.62). The incidence of adverse events was similar among the TDF groups and placebo through week 24. Throughout the 48-week study, no significant changes in renal function were observed., Conclusions: In treatment-experienced patients with baseline nucleoside resistance mutations, TDF provided dose-related, durable reductions in HIV-1 RNA. Through 24 weeks, the safety profile of TDF was similar to that of placebo.
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- 2002
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35. Linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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Stevens DL, Herr D, Lampiris H, Hunt JL, Batts DH, and Hafkin B
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- Acetamides adverse effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Female, Humans, Linezolid, Male, Methicillin Resistance, Middle Aged, Oxazolidinones adverse effects, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Treatment Outcome, Vancomycin adverse effects, Acetamides therapeutic use, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Oxazolidinones therapeutic use, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Vancomycin therapeutic use
- Abstract
Linezolid, the first available member of a new antibiotic class, the oxazolidinones, is broadly active against gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains. In this randomized, open-label trial, hospitalized adults with known or suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections were treated with linezolid (600 mg twice daily; n=240) or vancomycin (1 g twice daily; n=220) for 7-28 days. S. aureus was isolated from 53% of patients; 93% of these isolates were MRSA. Skin and soft-tissue infection was the most common diagnosis, followed by pneumonia and urinary tract infection. At the test-of-cure visit (15-21 days after the end of therapy), among evaluable patients with MRSA, there was no statistical difference between the 2 treatment groups with respect to clinical cure rates (73.2% of patients in the linezolid group and 73.1% in the vancomycin group) or microbiological success rates (58.9% in the linezolid group and 63.2% in the vancomycin group). Both regimens were well tolerated, with similar rates of adverse events.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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36. Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission in chronic-care facilities: description of an outbreak and review of management strategies.
- Author
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Sheppard DC, Bartlett KA, and Lampiris HW
- Subjects
- Hospitals, Veterans statistics & numerical data, Humans, Prospective Studies, San Francisco epidemiology, Cross Infection epidemiology, Cross Infection transmission, Disease Outbreaks, Infection Control methods, Pneumococcal Infections epidemiology, Pneumococcal Infections transmission
- Abstract
We report an outbreak of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease in a chronic-care facility with a documented immunization rate of only 2.5%. We describe and discuss the infection control strategies used in prevention and management of such outbreaks, highlighting the role of immunization and presumptive chemotherapy.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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