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4. Neo-tethys geodynamics and mantle convection: From extension to compression in Africa and a conceptual model for obduction

Author

Jolivet, L, Faccenna, C, Agard, P, Lamotte, D, Menant, A, Sternai, P, Guillocheau, F, Jolivet, Laurent, Faccenna, Claudio, Agard, Philippe, Lamotte, Dominique Frizon De, Menant, Armel, Sternai, Pietro, Guillocheau, François, Jolivet, L, Faccenna, C, Agard, P, Lamotte, D, Menant, A, Sternai, P, Guillocheau, F, Jolivet, Laurent, Faccenna, Claudio, Agard, Philippe, Lamotte, Dominique Frizon De, Menant, Armel, Sternai, Pietro, and Guillocheau, François

Abstract

Since the Mesozoic, Africa has been under extension with shorter periods of compression associated with obduction of ophiolites on its northern margin. Less frequent than “normal” subduction, obduction is a first order process that remains enigmatic. The closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, by the Upper Cretaceous, is characterized by a major obduction event, from the Mediterranean region to the Himalayas, best represented around the Arabian Plate, from Cyprus to Oman. These ophiolites were all emplaced in a short time window in the Late Cretaceous, from ~100 to 75 Ma, on the northern margin of Africa, in a context of compression over large parts of Africa and Europe, across the convergence zone. The scale of this process requires an explanation at the scale of several thousands of kilometres along strike, thus probably involving a large part of the convecting mantle. We suggest that alternating extension and compression in Africa could be explained by switching convection regimes. The extensional situation would correspond to steady-state whole-mantle convection, Africa being carried northward by a large-scale conveyor belt, while compression and obduction would occur when the African slab penetrates the upper-lower mantle transition zone and the African plate accelerates due to increasing plume activity, until full penetration of the Tethys slab in the lower mantle across the 660 km transition zone during a 25 Myr long period. The long-term geological archives on which such scenarios are founded can provide independent time constraints for testing numerical models of mantle convection and slab-plume interactions.

Published
2016

6. Duplex at the lateral tip of a thrust fault: the "La Cagalie`re" example (NE Pyrenees, France)

Author

Souque, Christine, Lamotte, Dominique Frizon de, Leturmy, Pascale, and Robion, Philippe

Abstract

A duplex located at the lateral tip of a thrust fault is identified and this paper aims to understand why and how such a structure developed at this particular place. The "La Cagalie`re" duplex is a well-exposed example of a second-order structure developed firstly as an "autochthonous roof duplex" at the front of the Lagrasse ramp-related fold (NE Pyrenees, France). During a second stage of deformation, an out-of-sequence thrusting allows the emplacement of the overturned forelimb of Lagrasse fold as an allochthonous roof above the duplex. Using geometric analysis, magnetic fabric and structural measurements, it is shown that the "La Cagalie`re" duplex developed as a response to the progressive inhibition of the propagation of the Lagrasse fold frontal thrust. This study provides the first natural example of a duplex acting as a "stopping structure" at a thrust tip.

Published
2003
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7. The Cretaceous-Tertiary Plateaus

Author

Zouhri, S., Kchikach, A., Saddiqi, O., Haïmer, F.Z. El, Baidder, L., Michard, A., Bhattacharji, S., editor, Neugebauer, H. J., editor, Reitner, J., editor, Stüwe, K., editor, Friedman, G. M., editor, Seilacher, A., editor, Michard, André, editor, Saddiqi, Omar, editor, Chalouan, Ahmed, editor, and Lamotte, Dominique Frizon de, editor

Published
2008
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8. The Quaternary Deposits of Morocco

Author

Plaziat, J.-C., Aberkan, M., Ahmamou, M., Choukri, A., Bhattacharji, S., editor, Neugebauer, H. J., editor, Reitner, J., editor, Stüwe, K., editor, Friedman, G. M., editor, Seilacher, A., editor, Michard, André, editor, Saddiqi, Omar, editor, Chalouan, Ahmed, editor, and Lamotte, Dominique Frizon de, editor

Published
2008
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9. Major Steps in the Geological Discovery of Morocco

Author

Missenard, Y., Michard, A., Durand-Delga, M., Bhattacharji, S., editor, Neugebauer, H. J., editor, Reitner, J., editor, Stüwe, K., editor, Friedman, G. M., editor, Seilacher, A., editor, Michard, André, editor, Saddiqi, Omar, editor, Chalouan, Ahmed, editor, and Lamotte, Dominique Frizon de, editor

Published
2008
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10. Atlantic Basins

Author

Hafid, M., Tari, G., Bouhadioui, D., Moussaid, I. El, Echarfaoui, H., Salem, A. Aït, Nahim, M., Dakki, M., Bhattacharji, S., editor, Neugebauer, H. J., editor, Reitner, J., editor, Stüwe, K., editor, Friedman, G. M., editor, Seilacher, A., editor, Michard, André, editor, Saddiqi, Omar, editor, Chalouan, Ahmed, editor, and Lamotte, Dominique Frizon de, editor

Published
2008
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11. The Rif Belt

Author

Chalouan, A., Michard, A., Kadiri, Kh. El, Negro, F., Lamotte, D. Frizon de, Soto, J.I., Saddiqi, O., Bhattacharji, S., editor, Neugebauer, H. J., editor, Reitner, J., editor, Stüwe, K., editor, Friedman, G. M., editor, Seilacher, A., editor, Michard, André, editor, Saddiqi, Omar, editor, Chalouan, Ahmed, editor, and Lamotte, Dominique Frizon de, editor

Published
2008
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12. The Atlas System

Author

Frizon de Lamotte, D., Zizi, M., Missenard, Y., Hafid, M., Azzouzi, M. El, Maury, R.C., Charrière, A., Taki, Z., Benammi, M., Michard, A., Bhattacharji, S., editor, Neugebauer, H. J., editor, Reitner, J., editor, Stüwe, K., editor, Friedman, G. M., editor, Seilacher, A., editor, Michard, André, editor, Saddiqi, Omar, editor, Chalouan, Ahmed, editor, and Lamotte, Dominique Frizon de, editor

Published
2008
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13. The Pan-African Belt

Author

Gasquet, D., Ennih, N., Liégeois, J.-P., Soulaimani, A., Michard, A., Bhattacharji, S., editor, Neugebauer, H. J., editor, Reitner, J., editor, Stüwe, K., editor, Friedman, G. M., editor, Seilacher, A., editor, Michard, André, editor, Saddiqi, Omar, editor, Chalouan, Ahmed, editor, and Lamotte, Dominique Frizon de, editor

Published
2008
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14. The Variscan Belt

Author

Michard, A., Hoepffner, C., Soulaimani, A., Baidder, L., Bhattacharji, S., editor, Neugebauer, H. J., editor, Reitner, J., editor, Stüwe, K., editor, Friedman, G. M., editor, Seilacher, A., editor, Michard, André, editor, Saddiqi, Omar, editor, Chalouan, Ahmed, editor, and Lamotte, Dominique Frizon de, editor

Published
2008
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15. An Outline of the Geology of Morocco

Author

Michard, A., Frizon de Lamotte, D., Saddiqi, O., Chalouan, A., Bhattacharji, S., editor, Neugebauer, H. J., editor, Reitner, J., editor, Stüwe, K., editor, Friedman, G. M., editor, Seilacher, A., editor, Michard, André, editor, Saddiqi, Omar, editor, Chalouan, Ahmed, editor, and Lamotte, Dominique Frizon de, editor

Published
2008
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16. Conclusion: Continental Evolution in Western Maghreb

Author

Michard, A., de Lamotte, D. Frizon, Liégeois, J.-P., Saddiqi, O., Chalouan, A., Bhattacharji, S., editor, Neugebauer, H. J., editor, Reitner, J., editor, Stüwe, K., editor, Friedman, G. M., editor, Seilacher, A., editor, Michard, André, editor, Saddiqi, Omar, editor, Chalouan, Ahmed, editor, and Lamotte, Dominique Frizon de, editor

Published
2008
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17. Neo-Tethys geodynamics and mantle convection: from extension to compression in Africa and a conceptual model for obduction

Author

Philippe Agard, Claudio Faccenna, Pietro Sternai, Laurent Jolivet, Armel Menant, Dominique Frizon de Lamotte, François Guillocheau, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences, University of Roma TRE, Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine, Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs (LFCR), TOTAL FINA ELF-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [University of Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), European Project: 290864,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,RHEOLITH(2012), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Roma Tre University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-TOTAL FINA ELF, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Polat, A., Jolivet, L, Faccenna, C, Agard, P, Lamotte, D, Menant, A, Sternai, P, Guillocheau, F, Jolivet, Laurent, Faccenna, Claudio, Agard, Philippe, Lamotte, Dominique Frizon De, Menant, Armel, Sternai, Pietro, and Guillocheau, François

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geophysics, Geodynamics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Ophiolite, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Obduction, African Plate, Paleontology, Mantle convection, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Transition zone, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (all), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Since the Mesozoic, Africa has been under extension with shorter periods of compression associated with obductionof ophiolites on its northern margin. Less frequent than “normal” subduction, obduction is a first order process that remainsenigmatic. The closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, by the Upper Cretaceous, is characterized by a major obduction event, from theMediterranean region to the Himalayas, best represented around the Arabian Plate, from Cyprus to Oman. These ophiolites wereall emplaced in a short time window in the Late Cretaceous, from 100 to 75 Ma, on the northern margin of Africa, in a contextof compression over large parts of Africa and Europe, across the convergence zone. The scale of this process requires anexplanation at the scale of several thousands of kilometres along strike, thus probably involving a large part of the convectingmantle. We suggest that alternating extension and compression in Africa could be explained by switching convection regimes.The extensional situation would correspond to steady-state whole-mantle convection, Africa being carried northward by alarge-scale conveyor belt, while compression and obduction would occur when the African slab penetrates the upper–lowermantle transition zone and the African plate accelerates due to increasing plume activity, until full penetration of the Tethys slabin the lower mantle across the 660 km transition zone during a 25 Myr long period. The long-term geological archives on whichsuch scenarios are founded can provide independent time constraints for testing numerical models of mantle convection andslab–plume interactions.; Depuis le Mésozoïque, l’Afrique a été en extension avec de courtes périodes de compression associées a`l’obduction d’ophiolites sur sa marge nord. Moins fréquente que la subduction, l’obduction est néanmoins un phénomènede premier ordre qui reste énigmatique. La fermeture de la Neo-Téthys au Crétacé supérieur est caractérisée par un épisodemajeur d’obduction, depuis la Méditerranée jusqu’a` l’Himalaya, en particulier sur la marge de l’Arabie, de Chypre a` l’Oman.Ces ophiolites furent toutes mises en place dans un court laps de temps pendant le Crétacé supérieur, de 100 a` 75 Ma, dansun contexte de compression enregistré en de larges portions de l’Afrique et de l’Europe, au travers de la zone de convergence.L’échelle de ce processus requiert une explication a` l’échelle de plusieurs milliers de kilomètres et donc impliquantvraisemblablement l’ensemble du manteau convectif. Nous suggérons que l’alternance de périodes extensives et compressivesen Afrique résulte de changements du régime convectif. Les périodes extensives correspondraient a` la convectionimpliquant tout le manteau, l’Afrique étant portée par une grande cellule de type tapis-roulant, tandis que la compressionet l’obduction se produiraient quand le panneau plongeant africain pénètre la transition entre le manteau supérieur et lemanteau inférieur et quand la plaque Afrique accélère en conséquence d’une plus grande activité du panache, jusqu’a`pénétration complète, durant une période d’environ 25 Myr. Les archives géologiques sur lesquelles ce type de scenarios estfondé peuvent fournir des contraintes temporelles indépendantes pour tester les modèles numériques de convectionmantellique et les interactions panache–panneau plongeant.

Published
2016
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