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Study Design. Meta-analysis. Objective. This meta-analysis investigates the outcomes of laminoplasty (LP) and laminectomy with fusion (LF) to guide effective patient selection for these 2 procedures. Background. Although LF traditionally offers the ability for excellent posterior decompression, it may alter cervical spine bio-mechanics and increase the risk of adjacent segment degeneration. LP aims to preserve the natural kinematics of the spine but has not been universally accepted, and may be associated with inadequate decompression, neck pain, and recurrent stenosis. Materials and Methods. PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar (pages 1-20) were searched up until March 2024. The outcomes studied were surgery-related outcomes [operative time (OR) time, estimated blood loss (EBL), and length of stay], adverse events (overall complications, C5 palsy, and reoperations), radiographic outcomes (cervical lordosis, cervical sagittal vertical axis, and T1 slope angle), and patient-reported outcome measures (Neck Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale for neck pain, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association). Results. Twenty-two studies were included in this meta-analysis, of which 19 were retrospective studies, 2 were prospective non-randomized studies, and 1 was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 2128 patients were included, with 1025 undergoing LP and 1103 undergoing LF. Patients undergoing LP experienced significantly shorter operative time (P = 0.009), less EBL (P = 0.02), a lower rate of overall complications (P < 0.00001) and C5 palsy (P = 0.003), a lower T1 slope angle (P = 0.02), and a lower Neck Disability Index (P = 0.0004). No significant difference was observed in the remaining outcomes. Conclusion. This meta-analysis demonstrates that for cervical myelopathy, LP has the benefits of shorter operative time time, less EBL, and reduced incidence of C5 palsy as well as overall complication rate. Given these findings, LP remains an important surgical option with a favorable complication profile in patients with cervical myelopathy, although careful patient selection is still paramount in choosing the right procedure for individual patients. Level of Evidence. 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparing laminectomy with fusion (LF) and laminoplasty (LP) for treating multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM) and comparative analysis of neck pain and sagittal cervical parameters. This single-center study retrospectively analyzed MCSM patients treated with LF or LP in our department between June 2018 and January 2023, with at least a 12-month follow-up. T-tests were used to identify operation time, hemoglobin, hospital stay, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score, C2–C7 Cobb angle, C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis, T1 slope, cervical range of motion (cROM), and C4/5 anterior and posterior spinal canal diameter (A-P diameter) and area. Nonparametric tests were used to identify visual analog scale (VAS) score (assessing neck pain). Pearson correlation analyses were used to identify the neck pain. Of all 67 patients (LF: 24, LP: 43), both groups' mJOA scores significantly improved (P < 0.001). The VAS scores had both significantly decreased, with the LF group exhibiting a more marked reduction (LF: P < 0.001, LP: P = 0.037). Both groups' C4/5 A-P diameters and areas increased significantly (P < 0.001). The cROM had both significantly decreased, with the LF group exhibiting a greater reduction. At the last follow-up, the LF group's T1 slope and C2–C7 Cobb angle considerably increased, and pain VAS scores substantially correlated with the C2–C7 Cobb angle (R = −0.451, P < 0.001). LF and LP were efficacious for MCSM. LF relieved neck pain better but caused greater reduction in cervical mobility. Cervical lordosis improvement was significantly correlated with neck pain alleviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design. A retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate preoperative differences in racial and socioeconomic factors in patients undergoing laminoplasty (LP) versus laminectomy and fusion (LF) for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Summary of Background Data. DCM is prevalent in the United States, requiring surgical intervention to prevent neurological degeneration. While LF is utilized more frequently, LP is an emerging alternative. Previous studies have demonstrated similar neurological outcomes for both procedures. However, treatment selection is primarily at the discretion of the surgeon and may be influenced by social determinants of health that impact surgical outcomes. Materials and Methods. The Quality Outcome Database (QOD), a national spine registry, was queried for adult patients who underwent either LP or LF for the management of DCM. Covariates associated with socioeconomic status, pain and disability, and demographic and medical history were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess patient factors associated with undergoing LP versus LF. Results. Of 1673 DCM patients, 157 (9.4%) underwent LP and 1516 (90.6%) underwent LF. A significantly greater proportion of LP patients had private insurance (P<0.001), a greater than high school level education (P<0.001), were employed (P<0.001), and underwent primary surgery (P<0.001). LP patients reported significantly lower baseline neck/arm pain and Neck Disability Index (P<0.001). In the multivariate regression model, lower baseline neck pain [odds ratio (OR)=0.915, P=0.001], identifying as non-Caucasian (OR=2.082, P<0.032), being employed (OR=1.592, P=0.023), and having a greater than high school level education (OR=1.845, P<0.001) were associated with undergoing LP rather than LF. Conclusions. In DCM patients undergoing surgery, factors associated with patients undergoing LP versus LF included lower baseline neck pain, non-Caucasian race, higher education, and employment. While symptomatology may influence the decision to choose LP over LF, there may also be socioeconomic factors at play. The trend of more educated and employed patients undergoing LP warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While multiple studies exist comparing cervical laminoplasty (CLP) and posterior cervical laminectomy with fusion (PCF), no clear consensus exists on which intervention is better. An umbrella review helps provide an overall assessment by analyzing a given condition's multiple interventions and outcomes. It integrates all available information on a topic and allows a consensus to be reached on the intervention of choice. A literature search was conducted using specific search criteria in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Titles and abstracts were screened based on inclusion criteria. A full-text review of articles that passed the initial inclusion criteria was performed. Nine meta-analyses were deemed eligible for the umbrella review. Data was extracted on reported variables from these meta-analyses. Subsequent quality assessment using AMSTAR2 and data analysis using the R package metaumbrella were used to determine the significance of postoperative outcomes. When the meta-analyses were pooled, statistically significant differences between CLP and PCF were found for postoperative overall complications rate and postoperative JOA score. PCF was associated with a lower overall complication rate and a higher postoperative JOA score, both supported by a weak level of evidence (class IV). Data regarding all other outcomes were non-significant. Our umbrella review investigates CLP and PCF by providing a comprehensive overview of existing evidence and evaluating inconsistencies within the literature. This umbrella review revealed that PCF had better outcomes for overall complications rate and postoperative JOA than CLP, but they were classified as being of weak significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design.: Systematic review and Meta-analysis. Objective.: To compare outcomes and complications profile of laminectomy alone versus laminectomy and fusion for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS). Summary of Background Data.: Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is a common cause of back pain and functional impairment. DLS is associated with high monetary (up to $100 billion annually in the US) and nonmonetary societal and personal costs. While nonoperative management remains the first-line treatment for DLS, decompressive laminectomy with or without fusion is indicated for the treatment-resistant disease. Methods.: We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE for RCTs and cohort studies from inception through April 14, 2022. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute risk of bias tool. We generated odds ratio and standard mean difference estimates for select parameters. Results.: A total of 23 manuscripts were included (n=90,996 patients). Complication rates were higher in patients undergoing laminectomy and fusion compared with laminectomy alone (OR: 1.55, P <0.001). Rates of reoperation were similar between both groups (OR: 0.67, P =0.10). Laminectomy with fusion was associated with a longer duration of surgery (Standard Mean Difference: 2.60, P =0.04) and a longer hospital stay (2.16, P =0.01). Compared with laminectomy alone, the extent of functional improvement in pain and disability was superior in the laminectomy and fusion cohort. Laminectomy with fusion had a greater mean change in ODI (−0.38, P <0.01) compared with laminectomy alone. Laminectomy with fusion was associated with a greater mean change in NRS leg score (−0.11, P =0.04) and NRS back score (−0.45, P <0.01). Conclusion.: Compared with laminectomy alone, laminectomy with fusion is associated with greater postoperative improvement in pain and disability, albeit with a longer duration of surgery and hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The compensatory mechanisms for cervical lordosis change after laminectomy with fusion was not clear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the compensatory behaviors for cervical lordosis change after laminectomy with fusion. Methods This was a retrospective radiological analysis of 43 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent laminectomy with fusion (LCF). The following cervical parameters were measured: C2-7 Cobb angle (C2-7), occiput-C2 angle (O-C2), the cervical sagittal vertical axis (cSVA), and T1 slope (T1S). The difference was calculated for all angle parameters between the two time points using the following formula: the amount of change (Δ) = (value at the follow-up)—(preoperative value). Non-parametric tests and the t-test were used to compare the difference. The Pearson correlation test was performed, and stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the best correlation between ∆cSVA and ∆T1S. Results The mean age of 43 patients was 65.51 ± 9.80 years. All patients were classified into two subgroups based on ΔcSVA: Group M (maintained) and, Group I (increased). The preoperative O-C2, C2-7, T1S, and cSVA were similar between Group M and group I (p = 0.950, p = 0.731, p = 0.372, and p = 0.152, respectively). Postoperative O-C2 and postoperative cSVA were significantly different (p = 0.036 and p = 0.004, respectively). ∆O-C2, ∆T1S and ∆cSVA were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.006, p = 0.000, and p = 0.000, respectively). ΔcSVA had significant correlations with ΔO-C2 neutral angle (r = 0.377) and ΔT1S (r = 0.582). A linear regression equation was established: ΔcSVA = 0.602 + 0.103 * ΔT1S (R = 0.582, R2 = 0.339). Conclusions The decrease of TIS should be the first and foremost compensation for the loss of lordosis in C2-7 segments after LCF. When the change of T1S alone can not prevent the deterioration of cervical sagittal balance, further increases in the O-C2 segment occur.

Four-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common disease affecting a large number of people, with the optimal surgical strategy remaining controversial. This study compared the clinical outcomes, radiological parameters, and postoperative complications of primarily performed surgical procedures such as anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), open-door laminoplasty (LAMP), and laminectomy with fusion (LF) in treating four-level CSM. A total of 116 patients who received ACDF (38 cases), LAMP (45 cases), and LF (33 cases) were followed up for a minimum of 24 months were enrolled in this study and retrospectively analyzed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system, the Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Changes in the curvature of the cervical spine were determined using the cervical curvature index (CCI) and the C2–C7 Cobb angle. Cervical mobility was evaluated using the C2–C7 range of motion (ROM) and active cervical ROM (aROM). Complications were recorded and compared among the three groups. All patients achieved significant improvement in JOA, NDI, and VAS scores at the final follow-up (P 0.05). In addition, both C2–7 ROM and aROM were significantly reduced in the three groups and LAMP showed the least reduction relatively. As for complications, LAMP showed the lowest overall incidence of postoperative complications, and patients in the ACDF group were more susceptible to dysphagia, pseudoarthrosis than LAMP and LF. Considering improvements in clinical symptoms and neurological function, no remarkable difference was found among the groups. Nevertheless, LAMP had advantages over the other two surgical procedures in terms of preserving cervical mobility and reducing postoperative complications.

Background: The compensatory mechanisms for cervical lordosis change after laminectomy with fusion was not clear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the compensatory behaviors for cervical lordosis change after laminectomy with fusion.Methods: This was a retrospective radiological analysis of 43 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent laminectomy with fusion (LCF). The following cervical parameters were measured: C2-7 Cobb angle (C2-7), occiput-C2 angle (O-C2), the cervical sagittal vertical axis (cSVA), and T1 slope (T1S). The difference was calculated for all angle parameters between the two time points using the following formula: the amount of change (Δ) = (value at the follow-up)-(preoperative value). Non-parametric tests and the t-test were used to compare the difference. The Pearson correlation test was performed, and stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the best correlation between ∆cSVA and ∆T1S.Results: The mean age of 43 patients was 65.51 ± 9.80 years. All patients were classified into two subgroups based on ΔcSVA: Group M (maintained) and, Group I (increased). The preoperative O-C2, C2-7, T1S, and cSVA were similar between Group M and group I (p = 0.950, p = 0.731, p = 0.372, and p = 0.152, respectively). Postoperative O-C2 and postoperative cSVA were significantly different (p = 0.036 and p = 0.004, respectively). ∆O-C2, ∆T1S and ∆cSVA were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.006, p = 0.000, and p = 0.000, respectively). ΔcSVA had significant correlations with ΔO-C2 neutral angle (r = 0.377) and ΔT1S (r = 0.582). A linear regression equation was established: ΔcSVA = 0.602 + 0.103 * ΔT1S (R = 0.582, R2 = 0.339).Conclusions: The decrease of TIS should be the first and foremost compensation for the loss of lordosis in C2-7 segments after LCF. When the change of T1S alone can not prevent the deterioration of cervical sagittal balance, further increases in the O-C2 segment occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To summarize the literature and systematically evaluate outcomes for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament interventions including anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF), anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF), laminoplasty (LP), and laminectomy with fusion (LF). We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to March 2021. Patient demographic data, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, cervical lordosis and overall complications were analyzed. We evaluated 30 studies involving 2038 patients. Patients undergoing ACCF had improved Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores compared with patients undergoing LP (weighted mean difference [WMD] 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–1.85) and LF (WMD 1.21, 95% CI 0.17–2.24). Patients with ACAF had better cervical lordosis compared with patients with ACCF (WMD 7.00, 95% CI 0.72–13.27), LP (WMD 10.27, 95% CI 4.64–15.90), and LF (WMD 8.98, 95% CI 2.48–15.47). Additionally, ACAF (odds ratio 0.24, 95% CI 0.07–0.84) and LP (odds ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.28–0.90) had a lower incidence of complications compared with ACCF. Japanese Orthopaedic Association score outcomes indicated that ACCF was superior to LP and LF. ACAF had the largest cervical lordosis among all procedures. ACCF showed a higher incidence of overall complications compared with ACAF and LP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to comparatively assess cervical sagittal alignment, progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes between patients who underwent cervical laminoplasty (CL) and those who underwent cervical laminectomy with fusion (LF) for cervical OPLL at more than three levels. We retrospectively evaluated consecutive 91 patients with cervical OPLL undergoing CL (n = 49) or LF (n = 42) who were followed up for at least 24 months (mean 38.6 months). We analyzed radiological measurements (C2–7 sagittal vertical axis [C2–7 SVA], C0–2 angle, C2–7 lordotic angle, T1 slope, and range of motion [ROM]), OPLL thickness, and clinical outcomes (visual analog scale [VAS], neck disability index [NDI], Short Form-36, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA] scores). Compared with preoperative levels, postoperative C2–7 SVA increased significantly increased in the LF (15.05 mm) and CL (7.86 mm) groups (P = 0.0021). Loss of cervical lordosis and ROM was significantly larger in the cervical LF group (P = 0.0296, P = 0.0004). Improvements in HRQOL, JOA recovery ratio, and VAS were similar between both groups, while NDI improved more significantly in the CL group (P = 0.0425). The postoperative neck VAS correlated positively with the change (Δ) of C2–7 SVA (P = 0.0174) and negatively with the change (Δ) of C2–7 lordotic angle (P = 0.0354). Progression of OPLL thickness in the LF (0.31 ± 0.37 mm) was significantly smaller than in the CL group (1.09 ± 0.64 mm) (P < 0.0001). CL was superior to LF in preserving cervical ROM, preoperative cervical lordosis, and minimizing neck disability. The stabilization obtained by adding instrumented fusion could suppress the progression of OPLL thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]