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Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods provide a framework for addressing sustainable forest management challenges, especially under climate change. This study offers a systematic review of MCDM applications in forest management from January 2010 to March 2024. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze trends in MCDM use and geographic distribution. Thematic content analysis investigated the appearance of MCDM indicators supplemented by Natural Language Processing (NLP). Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) explored correlations between models and publication outlets. We systematically searched Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, CrossRef, and OpenAlex using terms such as 'MCDM', 'forest management', and 'decision support'. We found that the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) were the most commonly used methods, followed by the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE), the Analytic Network Process (ANP), GIS, and Goal Programming (GP). Adoption varied across regions, with advanced models such as AHP and GIS less frequently used in developing countries due to technological constraints. These findings highlight emerging trends and gaps in MCDM application, particularly for argan forests, emphasizing the need for context-specific frameworks to support sustainable management in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinized soil productivity in arid and semi-arid regions is steadily decreasing and causing serious environmental and socioeconomic damages. Salix species known to grow under saline stress conditions could provide a viable solution for restoring degraded soil potential. Five Salix species (S. purpurea, S. alba, S. vitellina, S. babylonica, and S. viminalis) endemic to the southern Mediterranean region were grown in hydroponic conditions and assessed for their level of tolerance to salinity. Woody cuttings were treated for 30 days with either 0 or 100 mmol-[L.sup.-1] NaCl. A high interspecific variability was highlighted during treatment as shown by changes in stomata size and density, growth, photosynthesis disruption, and electrolyte leakage. Based on a tolerance index, the five Salix species were ranked in decreasing order for their resistance to salinity: S. purpurea > S. alba > S. vitellina > S. babylonica [greater than or equal to] S. viminalis. These results indicate that some tolerant Salix species could be used as an agroforestry model dedicated to restoration and valorization of soils degraded by salinization. [Journal translation] Key words: salinity, Salix, morphophysiology, interspecific variability, stomatal characteristics. Dans les regions arides et semi-arides, la productivite des sols salinises ne cesse de diminuer causant d'importants dommages socio-economiques et environnementaux. L'utilisation du genre Salix dont plusieurs especes ont montre une aptitude a se developper sous des conditions de stress salin pourrait constituer une solution viable pour la restauration des potentialites des sols degrades. Cinq especes de Salix (S. purpurea, S. alba, S. vitellina, S. babylonica et S. viminalis) originaires de la zone mediterraneenne sud ont ete evaluees en conditions hydroponiques, quant a leur degre de tolerance a la salinite. Des boutures ligneuses ont ete soumises a un traitement salin (100 mmol-[L.sup.-1] NaCl) et un traitement temoin (0 mmol-[L.sup.-1] NaCl) pendant 30 jours. Au cours du traitement, une forte variabilite interspecifique a ete mise en evidence en termes de changement dans la densite et la taille des stomates, de croissance, de perturbation de photosynthese et de fuites d'electrolytes. L'indice de tolerance a permis de classer les cinq especes de Salix selon un ordre decroissant de tolerance a la salinite : S. purpurea > S. alba > S. vitellina > S. babylonica [greater than or equal to] S. viminalis. Ces resultats laissent presager la possibilite de l'utilisation de certaines especes de Salix tolerantes a la salinite comme modele agroforestier dedie a la restauration et a la mise en valeur des sols affectes par la salinisation. Mots-cles : salinite, Salix, morpho-physiologie, variabilite interspecifique, caracteristiques stomatiques., Introduction La salinisation figure parmi les processus environnementaux les plus severes dont les effets directs se manifestent par la degradation de 7 % des terres cultivables a travers le monde [...]

Preserving and maintaining seed viability over time represent a major obstacle for developing an argan (Argania spinosa L. Skeels) reforestation program. To assess viability and germination of argan seeds stored for 1-17 years, germination was measured with standard germination tests while viability was determined using a tetrazolium-based quick test. Eight argan provenances representative of the species distribution were sampled. After breaking the argan nuts, the kernels were soaked in a 0.2% tetrazolium solution for 3 h at 40[grados]C. Most kernels that had more than 75% of their surface stained provided viable plants. Viability of argan seeds stored for a long time, up to 17 years, was determined for the first time using the tetrazolium dye test, and a model was also developed for predicting germination as a function of storage time. This quick test could be part of operational-scale seed management and conservation of forest genetic resources. [Translated by the Journal] Key words: argan, viability, tetrazolium dye, germination, plant. La conservation et le maintien de la viabilite des semences pendant plusieurs annees constituent une contrainte majeure au developpement de la filiere de reboisement de l'arganier (Argania spinosa L. Skeels). Afin d'evaluer la viabilite et la germination des semences d'arganier dont la duree de stockage a varie entre 1 et 17 ans, la germination a ete evaluee a l'aide de tests standards de germination tandis que la viabilite a ete determinee a l'aide d'un test rapide a base du tetrazolium. Huit provenances de l'arganier representatives de son aire de repartition ont ete echantillonnees. Apres concassage des graines d'arganier, les amandons ont ete trempes dans une solution de tetrazolium a 0,2% pendant 3 h a 40 [degrees]C. Une proportion d'amandons colores sur plus de 75% de leur surface a permis d'obtenir des plants viables. C'est la premiere fois que la viabilite des semences stockees pendant une longue duree allant jusqu'a 17 ans a ete evaluee a l'aide du test de coloration au tetrazolium et qu'un modele predictif de leur germination a ete developpe. Le recours a ce test rapide pourrait etre integre a une echelle operationnelle en matiere de gestion des semences et de conservation des differentes sources genetiques forestieres. Mots-cles: arganier, viabilite, tetrazolium, germination, plant., Introduction L'arganier (Argania spinosa (L. Skeels)) appartient a la grande famille des Sapotaceae et represente l'une des principales essences agroforestieres du Maroc par son aire de distribution naturelle qui s'etend [...]

Resume: Afin d'evaluer la possibilite d'integrer des clones somatiques d'epinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) dans le programme d'amelioration genetique de cette espece, nous avons verifie la qualite de leur floraison precoce et leur capacite a produire des cones et des graines de qualite. Des clones d'epinette noire produits par embryoge nese somatique ont fleuri des l'age de 4 ans. Sur les arbres ages de 6 ans, des pollinisations supplementaires ont ete realisees avec du pollen provenant d'un verger a graines de premiere generation. Les graines obtenues ont ensuite ete caracte risees (dimensions, masse, germination en milieu artificiel), et des plants ont ete produits en pepiniere. Les resultats montrent que les clones somatiques d'epinette noire produisent des fleurs femelles normales, dont la duree de receptivite et la position dans la cime sont comparables a celles des fleurs produites par des semenciers issus de semis cultives dans des vergers a graines. Il en est de meme pour les graines, qui presentent des caracteristiques tout a fait comparables a celles des graines produites dans des vergers a graines, ainsi que pour les plants issus de ces graines. Nos resultats montrent clairement qu'il est avantageux, aussi bien en terme de precocite de la floraison que de gains genetiques accrus, d'integrer des clones somatiques d'elite dans un programme d'amelioration genetique et de les utiliser comme semenciers dans des vergers a graines et pour des croisements diriges. Early flowering of somatic clones from black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) and their capacity to produce good-quality cones and seeds were evaluated to assess the potential for integrating these somatic clones into a genetic-improvement program for this species. Black spruce clones produced by somatic embryogenesis exhibited premature flowering at 4 years of age. Six-year-old trees received a supplemental pollination treatment using pollen produced in a first-generation seed orchard. The resulting seeds were characterized (size, mass, germination under artificial conditions), and seedlings were produced in a nursery. Results showed that flowers produced by these somatic clones exhibited a normal period of receptivity. Their position in the crown was comparable to that observed on seedlings in seed orchards. A similar pattern was observed for seed characteristics, which were comparable to those of seeds originating from seed orchard trees, and for the development of the resulting seedlings. Our results clearly show that it is worthwhile, in terms of early flower production as well as for increased genetic gains, to integrate elite somatic clones into a geneticimprovement program, and to use them as seed trees in seed orchards and for controlled crosses., Introduction Grace a son aire de distribution tres etendue, l'epinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) figure parmi les principales essences forestieres de la foret bore ale en [...]

La Tunisie a de vastes etendues marginales, arides, semi-arides et desertiques (environ trois quarts de la superficie du pays). Le reboisement figure parmi les moyens de reconstitution de ces zones degradees. Casuarina glauca Sieber, largement utilisee en dehors de son aire de distribution d'origine, a ete testee dans la presente etude quant a son degre d'acclimatation et d'endurcissement a la secheresse. Trois regimes hydriques, simulant les conditions des sites de reboisement, ont ete appliques a des plants de C. glauca. Ces regimes englobent un traitement temoin (T : potentiel hydrique de base [[PSI].sub.b] = -0,2 MPa), un stress modere (M : [[PSI].sub.b] = -0,5 MPa) et un stress severe (S : [[PSI].sub.b] = -1,0 MPa). Les parametres hydriques generes a partir des courbes pression-volume ainsi que la masse seche accumulee ont ete mesures au demarrage de l'application des traitements et apres deux, quatre et six mois. La masse seche totale des plants soumis aux regies hydriques (M et S) a ete significativement affectee par la restriction hydrique. Cependant, l'allocation de masse seche a ete nettement orientee en faveur des racines. Les regimes hydriques appliques ont eu un effet significatif sur le rapport masse aerienne a saturation / masse seche correspondante (TM/DM). L'evolution des parametres hydriques sous les regimes M ou S revele une capacite adaptative de C. glauca, caracterisee par une baisse significative des potentiels osmotiques a pleine turgescence ([[PSI].sub.[pi].sup.100]) et a turgescence nulle ([[PSI].sub.[pi].sup.0]), un ajustement osmotique (AO) accru atteignant 0,31 et 0,56 MPa, et une augmentation significative du module d'elasticite volumique ([[epsilon].sub.max]) atteignant 26 % et 68 % du temoin, respectivement, a la fin des traitements. La diminution du rapport TM/DM combinee a un accroissement de [[epsilon].sub.max] au cours des traitements indique la presence d'un ajustement de l'elasticite de la paroi cellulaire. Ces traits ont ete d'autant plus marques en presence du stress severe. Les resultats obtenus suggerent que l'application d'un preconditionnement a la secheresse en pepiniere pendant quatre mois avant la mise en terre en site de plantation, d'intensite M ou S selon le site hote, pourrait conferer aux plants des adaptations morphologiques et physiologiques permettant d'ameliorer leur taux de survie et leur croissance dans les reboisements effectues dans les zones arides et semi-arides. Mots-cles : reboisement, Casuarina glauca, secheresse, allocation de biomasse, relations hydriques. Tunisia has vast land tracts that are marginal, arid, semiarid, or desert (about three quarters of the surface of the country). Reforestation of these regions is one of the methods being used to rehabilitate degraded areas. Casuarina glauca Sieber, a fast-growing tree species that is widely used outside of its native range, was tested in the present study with respect to its degree of acclimatization and hardening in response to drought. Three water regimes, simulating the conditions of the reforestation sites, were applied to C. glauca seedlings. These regimes included a control treatment (T : predawn water potential [[PSI].sub.b] = -0.2 MPa), a moderate stress treatment (M : [[PSI].sub.b] = -0.5 MPa), and a severe stress treatment (S : [[PSI].sub.b] = -1.0 MPa). Water relations parameters, estimated by pressure-volume curves through a repeat pressurization method, as well as accumulated dry mass were measured at the beginning of the experiment and 2, 4, and 6 months following treatment imposition. The total dry mass of M and S plants was significantly affected by the treatments. However, water stress favoured dry mass allocation to roots and decreased the shoot turgid mass / dry mass ratio (TM/DM). The evolution of water relations parameters under M or S regimes revealed an adaptive capacity of C. glauca seedlings, as expressed by a significant decrease of the osmotic potentials at full turgor ([[PSI].sub.[pi].sup.100]) and at the turgor loss point ([[PSI].sub.[pi].sup.0]), an osmotic adjustment in water-stressed plants reaching 0.31 and 0.56 MPa, and a significant increase in [[epsilon].sub.max] reaching 26 % and 68 % of that of the control plants, respectively, at the end of the drought period. A reduction in shoot TM/DM combined with increases in [[epsilon].sub.max] during water stress suggests the presence of a cell wall adjustment. These effects were more pronounced under the severe stress. Our results suggest that preconditioning seedlings to drought under nursery conditions by applying a moderate or severe stress, depending on the conditions of the planting site, for 4 months prior to outplanting, possibly will allow the seedlings to adapt morphologically and physiologically and improve their chance of survival in arid and semiarid zones. Key words: reforestation, Casuarina glauca, drought, biomass allocation, water relations., Introduction D'une superficie limitee (1226 x [10.sup.3] ha), les formations forestieres naturelles et artificielles tunisiennes constituent 7,5 % de la superficie du pays (FAO FRA 2005) et assurent une production [...]

Irrigation by jet-type sprinklers contributes to the spatial variability of substrate water content and growth of containerized white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.] seedlings grown outdoors during their second growing season. Geostatistical analyses were used to identify the spatial structure of this variability throughout the growing season and to help develop a sampling strategy to facilitate irrigation management. Boundary line analysis confirmed that the heterogeneity of height growth is related to seasonal variations in substrate water content and that maximum height growth and seedling biomass is attained when average seasonal substrate water content is approximately 40% (v/v). Parameters estimated from semi-variograms, most notably the range (a) and total variance ([C.sub.0] + [C.sub.1] of substrate water content, can be used to define sampling strategies specific to irrigation management and morphophysiological evaluation of seedlings. The relationship between leaching and substrate water content can be used, in conjunction with kriged maps, to estimate potential losses of mineral nutrients and to quantify water use for the production of white spruce seedlings during their second growing season in a forest nursery. More than 15% of the seedlings in the crop used in the present study were rejected at delivery. Knowledge of the spatial variability within a crop enables forest nurserymen to modify sampling techniques and cultural practices, produce more uniform seedlings and reduce the quantity of seedlings that fail to meet morphophysiological criteria.

Mesophyll conductance (g m) determines the diffusion of CO2 from the substomatal cavities to the site of carboxylation in the chloroplasts and represents a critical component of the diffusive limitation of photosynthesis. In this study, we evaluated the average effect sizes of different environmental constraints on g m in Populus spp. a forest tree model. We collected raw data of 815 A–C i response curves from 26 datasets to estimate g m, using a single curve-fitting method to alleviate method-related bias. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effects of different abiotic stresses on g m. We found a significant increase in g m from the bottom to the top of the canopy that was concomitant with the increase of maximum rate of carboxylation and light-saturated photosynthetic rate (A max). g m was positively associated with increases in soil moisture and nutrient availability, but was insensitive to increasing soil copper concentration and did not vary with atmospheric CO2 concentration. Our results showed that g m was strongly related to A max and to a lesser extent to stomatal conductance (g s). Moreover, a negative exponential relationship was obtained between g m and specific leaf area, which may be used to scale-up g m within the canopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]