2,957 results on '"Lamberti, P."'
Search Results
2. A note on the failure of the Faber-Krahn inequality for the vector Laplacian
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Krejcirik, David, Lamberti, Pier Domenico, and Zaccaron, Michele
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Mathematics - Optimization and Control ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,Mathematics - Spectral Theory - Abstract
We consider a natural eigenvalue problem for the vector Laplacian related to stationary Maxwell's equations in a cavity and we prove that an analog of the celebrated Faber-Krahn inequality doesn't hold., Comment: references added; 9 pages, 2 figures
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- 2024
3. Distilling Tiny and Ultra-fast Deep Neural Networks for Autonomous Navigation on Nano-UAVs
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Lamberti, Lorenzo, Bellone, Lorenzo, Macan, Luka, Natalizio, Enrico, Conti, Francesco, Palossi, Daniele, and Benini, Luca
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
Nano-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are ideal candidates for flying Internet-of-Things smart sensors to collect information in narrow spaces. This requires ultra-fast navigation under very tight memory/computation constraints. The PULP-Dronet convolutional neural network (CNN) enables autonomous navigation running aboard a nano-UAV at 19 frame/s, at the cost of a large memory footprint of 320 kB -- and with drone control in complex scenarios hindered by the disjoint training of collision avoidance and steering capabilities. In this work, we distill a novel family of CNNs with better capabilities than PULP-Dronet, but memory footprint reduced by up to 168x (down to 2.9 kB), achieving an inference rate of up to 139 frame/s; we collect a new open-source unified collision/steering 66 k images dataset for more robust navigation; and we perform a thorough in-field analysis of both PULP-Dronet and our tiny CNNs running on a commercially available nano-UAV. Our tiniest CNN, called Tiny-PULP-Dronet v3, navigates with a 100% success rate a challenging and never-seen-before path, composed of a narrow obstacle-populated corridor and a 180{\deg} turn, at a maximum target speed of 0.5 m/s. In the same scenario, the SoA PULP-Dronet consistently fails despite having 168x more parameters., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication at IEEE Internet of Things Journal, July 2024
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- 2024
4. For a semiotic AI: Bridging computer vision and visual semiotics for computational observation of large scale facial image archives
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Morra, Lia, Santangelo, Antonio, Basci, Pietro, Piano, Luca, Garcea, Fabio, Lamberti, Fabrizio, and Leone, Massimo
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Social networks are creating a digital world in which the cognitive, emotional, and pragmatic value of the imagery of human faces and bodies is arguably changing. However, researchers in the digital humanities are often ill-equipped to study these phenomena at scale. This work presents FRESCO (Face Representation in E-Societies through Computational Observation), a framework designed to explore the socio-cultural implications of images on social media platforms at scale. FRESCO deconstructs images into numerical and categorical variables using state-of-the-art computer vision techniques, aligning with the principles of visual semiotics. The framework analyzes images across three levels: the plastic level, encompassing fundamental visual features like lines and colors; the figurative level, representing specific entities or concepts; and the enunciation level, which focuses particularly on constructing the point of view of the spectator and observer. These levels are analyzed to discern deeper narrative layers within the imagery. Experimental validation confirms the reliability and utility of FRESCO, and we assess its consistency and precision across two public datasets. Subsequently, we introduce the FRESCO score, a metric derived from the framework's output that serves as a reliable measure of similarity in image content.
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- 2024
5. Tiny-PULP-Dronets: Squeezing Neural Networks for Faster and Lighter Inference on Multi-Tasking Autonomous Nano-Drones
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Lamberti, Lorenzo, Niculescu, Vlad, Barcis, Michał, Bellone, Lorenzo, Natalizio, Enrico, Benini, Luca, and Palossi, Daniele
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Computer Science - Robotics ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing - Abstract
Pocket-sized autonomous nano-drones can revolutionize many robotic use cases, such as visual inspection in narrow, constrained spaces, and ensure safer human-robot interaction due to their tiny form factor and weight -- i.e., tens of grams. This compelling vision is challenged by the high level of intelligence needed aboard, which clashes against the limited computational and storage resources available on PULP (parallel-ultra-low-power) MCU class navigation and mission controllers that can be hosted aboard. This work moves from PULP-Dronet, a State-of-the-Art convolutional neural network for autonomous navigation on nano-drones. We introduce Tiny-PULP-Dronet: a novel methodology to squeeze by more than one order of magnitude model size (50x fewer parameters), and number of operations (27x less multiply-and-accumulate) required to run inference with similar flight performance as PULP-Dronet. This massive reduction paves the way towards affordable multi-tasking on nano-drones, a fundamental requirement for achieving high-level intelligence., Comment: 3 Figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication at IEEE Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS), 2022
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- 2024
6. On the Phragm\'{e}n-Lindel\'{o}f and the superposition principles for the $p$-Laplacian
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Lamberti, Pier Domenico and Moroz, Vitaly
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Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,35J60, 35B53, 35B40 - Abstract
We study sub and supersolutions for the $p$-Laplace type elliptic equation of the form $$-\Delta_p u-V|u|^{p-2}u=0\quad\text{in $\Omega$},$$ where $\Omega$ is a radially symmetric domain in ${\mathbb{R}}^N$ and $V(x)\ge 0$ is a continuous potential such that the solutions of the equation satisfy the comparison principle on bounded subdomains of $\Omega$. In this work we establish a superposition principle and then use it to develop a version of a Phragm\'{e}n-Lindel\"{o}f comparison principle in the case $p\ge 2$. Moreover, by applying this principle to the case of Hardy-type potentials we recover and improve a number of known lower and upper estimates for sub and supersolutions.
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- 2024
7. Carleson measures for Hardy-Sobolev spaces in the Siegel upper half-space
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Chalmoukis, Nikolaos and Lamberti, Giuseppe
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Mathematics - Complex Variables ,Mathematics - Functional Analysis - Abstract
We give a capacitary type characterization of Carleson measures for a class of Hardy-Sobolev spaces (also known as weighted Dirichlet spaces) on the Siegel upper half-space, introduced by Arcozzi et al. This answers in part a question raised by the same authors.
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- 2024
8. Clock gene homologs lin-42 and kin-20 regulate circadian rhythms in C. elegans
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Lamberti, Melisa L, Spangler, Rebecca K, Cerdeira, Victoria, Ares, Myriam, Rivollet, Lise, Ashley, Guinevere E, Coronado, Andrea Ramos, Tripathi, Sarvind, Spiousas, Ignacio, Ward, Jordan D, Partch, Carrie L, Bénard, Claire Y, Goya, M Eugenia, and Golombek, Diego A
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Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Sleep Research ,Genetics ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Underpinning research ,Generic health relevance ,Caenorhabditis elegans ,Animals ,Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ,Circadian Rhythm ,Mutation ,Circadian Clocks ,Neurons ,CLOCK Proteins ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations in nearly all organisms, from prokaryotes to humans, allowing them to adapt to cyclical environments for close to 24 h. Circadian rhythms are regulated by a central clock, based on a transcription-translation feedback loop. One important protein in the central loop in metazoan clocks is PERIOD, which is regulated in part by Casein kinase 1ε/δ (CK1ε/δ) phosphorylation. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, period and casein kinase 1ε/δ are conserved as lin-42 and kin-20, respectively. Here, we studied the involvement of lin-42 and kin-20 in the circadian rhythms of the adult nematode using a bioluminescence-based circadian transcriptional reporter. We show that mutations of lin-42 and kin-20 generate a significantly longer endogenous period, suggesting a role for both genes in the nematode circadian clock, as in other organisms. These phenotypes can be partially rescued by overexpression of either gene under their native promoter. Both proteins are expressed in neurons and epidermal seam cells, as well as in other cells. Depletion of LIN-42 and KIN-20, specifically in neuronal cells after development, was sufficient to lengthen the period of oscillating sur-5 expression. Therefore, we conclude that LIN-42 and KIN-20 are critical regulators of the adult nematode circadian clock through neuronal cells.
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- 2024
9. Toward a Realistic Benchmark for Out-of-Distribution Detection
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Recalcati, Pietro, Garcea, Fabio, Piano, Luca, Lamberti, Fabrizio, and Morra, Lia
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Deep neural networks are increasingly used in a wide range of technologies and services, but remain highly susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, that is, drawn from a different distribution than the original training set. A common approach to address this issue is to endow deep neural networks with the ability to detect OOD samples. Several benchmarks have been proposed to design and validate OOD detection techniques. However, many of them are based on far-OOD samples drawn from very different distributions, and thus lack the complexity needed to capture the nuances of real-world scenarios. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive benchmark for OOD detection, based on ImageNet and Places365, that assigns individual classes as in-distribution or out-of-distribution depending on the semantic similarity with the training set. Several techniques can be used to determine which classes should be considered in-distribution, yielding benchmarks with varying properties. Experimental results on different OOD detection techniques show how their measured efficacy depends on the selected benchmark and how confidence-based techniques may outperform classifier-based ones on near-OOD samples.
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- 2024
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10. Regularity results for almost-minimizers of anisotropic free interface problem with H\'older dependence on the position
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Esposito, Luca, Lamberti, Lorenzo, and Pisante, Giovanni
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Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
We establish regularity results for almost-minimizers of a class of variational problems involving both bulk and interface energies. The bulk energy is of Dirichlet type. The surface energy exhibits anisotropic behaviour and is defined by means of an ellipsoidal density that is H\"older continuous with respect to the position variable.
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- 2024
11. Latent Diffusion Models for Attribute-Preserving Image Anonymization
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Piano, Luca, Basci, Pietro, Lamberti, Fabrizio, and Morra, Lia
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Generative techniques for image anonymization have great potential to generate datasets that protect the privacy of those depicted in the images, while achieving high data fidelity and utility. Existing methods have focused extensively on preserving facial attributes, but failed to embrace a more comprehensive perspective that considers the scene and background into the anonymization process. This paper presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first approach to image anonymization based on Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs). Every element of a scene is maintained to convey the same meaning, yet manipulated in a way that makes re-identification difficult. We propose two LDMs for this purpose: CAMOUFLaGE-Base exploits a combination of pre-trained ControlNets, and a new controlling mechanism designed to increase the distance between the real and anonymized images. CAMOFULaGE-Light is based on the Adapter technique, coupled with an encoding designed to efficiently represent the attributes of different persons in a scene. The former solution achieves superior performance on most metrics and benchmarks, while the latter cuts the inference time in half at the cost of fine-tuning a lightweight module. We show through extensive experimental comparison that the proposed method is competitive with the state-of-the-art concerning identity obfuscation whilst better preserving the original content of the image and tackling unresolved challenges that current solutions fail to address.
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- 2024
12. Combining Local and Global Perception for Autonomous Navigation on Nano-UAVs
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Lamberti, Lorenzo, Rutishauser, Georg, Conti, Francesco, and Benini, Luca
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Computer Science - Robotics ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
A critical challenge in deploying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for autonomous tasks is their ability to navigate in an unknown environment. This paper introduces a novel vision-depth fusion approach for autonomous navigation on nano-UAVs. We combine the visual-based PULP-Dronet convolutional neural network for semantic information extraction, i.e., serving as the global perception, with 8x8px depth maps for close-proximity maneuvers, i.e., the local perception. When tested in-field, our integration strategy highlights the complementary strengths of both visual and depth sensory information. We achieve a 100% success rate over 15 flights in a complex navigation scenario, encompassing straight pathways, static obstacle avoidance, and 90{\deg} turns., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, 1 video
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- 2024
13. Random Carleson Sequences for the Hardy space on the Polydisc and the Unit Ball
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Chalmoukis, Nikolaos, Dayan, Alberto, and Lamberti, Giuseppe
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Mathematics - Complex Variables ,Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,Mathematics - Probability - Abstract
We study the Kolmogorov 0-1 law for a random sequence with prescribed radii so that it generates a Carleson measure almost surely, both for the Hardy space on the polydisc and the Hardy space on the unit ball, thus providing improved versions of previous results of the first two authors and of a separate result of Massaneda. In the polydisc, the geometry of such sequences is not well understood, so we proceed by studying the random Gramians generated by random sequences, using tools from the theory of random matrices. Another result we prove, and that is of its own relevance, is the 0-1 law for a random sequence to be partitioned into M separated sequences with respect to the pseudo-hyperbolic distance, which is used also to describe the random sequences that are interpolating for the Bloch space on the unit disc almost surely.
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- 2024
14. Experience of a centre of excellence in hip fractures of the elderly in Colombia: influence of time-to-surgery on inpatient mortality and complications
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Ortíz Martínez, Juan Guillermo, Bodu Lamberti, Edgar Manuel, Karduss Preciado, Camila, and Polo Miranda, María Fernanda
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- 2024
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15. An engineered human cardiac tissue model reveals contributions of systemic lupus erythematosus autoantibodies to myocardial injury
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Fleischer, Sharon, Nash, Trevor R., Tamargo, Manuel A., Lock, Roberta I., Venturini, Gabriela, Morsink, Margaretha, Graney, Pamela L., Li, Vanessa, Lamberti, Morgan J., Liberman, Martin, Kim, Youngbin, Tavakol, Daniel N., Zhuang, Richard Z., Whitehead, Jaron, Friedman, Richard A., Soni, Rajesh K., Seidman, Jonathan G., Seidman, Christine E., Geraldino-Pardilla, Laura, Winchester, Robert, and Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana
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- 2024
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16. Immersive movies: the effect of point of view on narrative engagement
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Cannavò, Alberto, Castiello, Antonio, Pratticò, F. Gabriele, Mazali, Tatiana, and Lamberti, Fabrizio
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- 2024
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17. Relativistic ab initio study on the spectroscopic and radiative properties of the lowest states and modeling of the optical cycles for the LiFr molecule
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Shundalau, Maksim and Lamberti, Patrizia
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Physics - Atomic Physics ,Physics - Chemical Physics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
The LiFr diatomic represents a promising candidate for indirect laser cooling that has not yet been investigated not theoretically or experimentally. The potential energy curves of the ground and low_lying excited states of the LiFr heteronuclear alkali metal dimer are calculated using the Fock_space relativistic coupled cluster theory for the first time. A number of properties such as the electronic term energies, equilibrium internuclear distances, transition and permanent dipole moments, sequences of vibrational energies, harmonic vibrational frequencies, Franck_Condon factors, and radiative lifetimes (including bound and free transitions) are predicted. The probabilities of the two_step schemes (optical cycles) for the transfer process of the LiFr molecules from high excited vibrational states to the ground vibronic state are also predicted. The data obtained would be useful for laser cooling and spectral experiments with LiFr molecules., Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures
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- 2023
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18. Multi-sensory Anti-collision Design for Autonomous Nano-swarm Exploration
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Pourjabar, Mahyar, Rusci, Manuele, Bompani, Luca, Lamberti, Lorenzo, Niculescu, Vlad, Palossi, Daniele, and Benini, Luca
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Computer Science - Robotics ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
This work presents a multi-sensory anti-collision system design to achieve robust autonomous exploration capabilities for a swarm of 10 cm-side nano-drones operating on object detection missions. We combine lightweight single-beam laser ranging to avoid proximity collisions with a long-range vision-based obstacle avoidance deep learning model (i.e., PULP-Dronet) and an ultra-wide-band (UWB) based ranging module to prevent intra-swarm collisions. An in-field study shows that our multisensory approach can prevent collisions with static obstacles, improving the mission success rate from 20% to 80% in cluttered environments w.r.t. a State-of-the-Art (SoA) baseline. At the same time, the UWB-based sub-system shows a 92.8% success rate in preventing collisions between drones of a four-agent fleet within a safety distance of 65 cm. On a SoA robotic platform extended by a GAP8 multi-core processor, the PULP-Dronet runs interleaved with an objected detection task, which constraints its execution at 1.6 frame/s. This throughput is sufficient for avoiding obstacles with a probability of about 40% but shows a need for more capable processors for the next-generation nano-drone swarms.
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- 2023
19. A Sim-to-Real Deep Learning-based Framework for Autonomous Nano-drone Racing
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Lamberti, Lorenzo, Cereda, Elia, Abbate, Gabriele, Bellone, Lorenzo, Morinigo, Victor Javier Kartsch, Barcis, Michał, Barcis, Agata, Giusti, Alessandro, Conti, Francesco, and Palossi, Daniele
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Computer Science - Robotics ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
Autonomous drone racing competitions are a proxy to improve unmanned aerial vehicles' perception, planning, and control skills. The recent emergence of autonomous nano-sized drone racing imposes new challenges, as their ~10cm form factor heavily restricts the resources available onboard, including memory, computation, and sensors. This paper describes the methodology and technical implementation of the system winning the first autonomous nano-drone racing international competition: the IMAV 2022 Nanocopter AI Challenge. We developed a fully onboard deep learning approach for visual navigation trained only on simulation images to achieve this goal. Our approach includes a convolutional neural network for obstacle avoidance, a sim-to-real dataset collection procedure, and a navigation policy that we selected, characterized, and adapted through simulation and actual in-field experiments. Our system ranked 1st among seven competing teams at the competition. In our best attempt, we scored 115m of traveled distance in the allotted 5-minute flight, never crashing while dodging static and dynamic obstacles. Sharing our knowledge with the research community, we aim to provide a solid groundwork to foster future development in this field., Comment: 8 pages, 10 Figures, 3 Tables, This paper has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RAL). Copyright 2023 IEEE
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- 2023
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20. Benchmarking Site Activation and Patient Enrollment
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Lamberti, Mary Jo, Dirks, Abigail, Kikuchi, Nicholas, Patel Cervantes, Neha, and Getz, Kenneth
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- 2024
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21. Assessing heterogeneity in MOOC student performance through composite-based path modelling
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Cristina, Davino, Giuseppe, Lamberti, and Domenico, Vistocco
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- 2024
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22. Differential Effects of Pharmacologic and Mechanical Support on Right-Left Ventricular Coupling
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Lamberti, Kimberly K., Goffer, Efrat M., Edelman, Elazer R., and Keller, Steven P.
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- 2024
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23. R\'enyi-Holevo inequality from $\alpha$-$z$-R\'enyi relative entropies
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Bussandri, Diego G., Rajchel-Mieldzioć, Grzegorz, Lamberti, Pedro W., and Życzkowski, Karol
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
We investigate bounds in the transmission of classical information through quantum systems. Our focus lies in the generalized Holevo theorem, which provides a single-letter Holevo-like inequality from arbitrary quantum distance measures. Through the introduction of the $\alpha$-$z$-R\'enyi relative entropies, which comprise known relevant quantities such as the R\'enyi relative entropy and the sandwiched R\'enyi relative entropy, we establish the Holevo-R\'enyi inequality. This result leads to a quantum bound for the $\alpha$-mutual information, suggesting new insights into communication channel performance and the fundamental limits for reliability functions in memoryless multi-letter communication channels.
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- 2023
24. Regulation of the circadian clock in C. elegans by clock gene homologs kin-20 and lin-42
- Author
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Lamberti, Melisa L, Spangler, Rebecca K, Cerdeira, Victoria, Ares, Myriam, Rivollet, Lise, Ashley, Guinevere E, Coronado, Andrea Ramos, Tripathi, Sarvind, Spiousas, Ignacio, Ward, Jordan D, Partch, Carrie L, Bénard, Claire Y, Goya, M Eugenia, and Golombek, Diego A
- Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Neurosciences ,Sleep Research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Underpinning research ,Generic health relevance - Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations present in nearly all organisms from prokaryotes to humans, allowing them to adapt to cyclical environments close to 24 hours. Circadian rhythms are regulated by a central clock, which is based on a transcription-translation feedback loop. One important protein in the central loop in metazoan clocks is PERIOD, which is regulated in part by Casein kinase 1 ε/δ (CK1 ε/δ ) phosphorylation. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , period and casein kinase 1ε/δ are conserved as lin-42 and kin-20 , respectively. Here we studied the involvement of lin-42 and kin-20 in circadian rhythms of the adult nematode using a bioluminescence-based circadian transcriptional reporter. We show that mutations of lin-42 and kin-20 generate a significantly longer endogenous period, suggesting a role for both genes in the nematode circadian clock, as in other organisms. These phenotypes can be partially rescued by overexpression of either gene under their native promoter. Both proteins are expressed in neurons and seam cells, a population of epidermal stem cells in C. elegans that undergo multiple divisions during development. Depletion of LIN-42 and KIN-20 specifically in neuronal cells after development was sufficient to lengthen the period of oscillating sur-5 expression. Therefore, we conclude that LIN-42 and KIN-20 are critical regulators of the adult nematode circadian clock through neuronal cells.
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- 2023
25. Exercise, Dialysis, and Environment: A Narrative Review in an Ecological Perspective
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Giovanni Piva, Alda Storari, Yuri Battaglia, Fabio Manfredini, and Nicola Lamberti
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exercise ,dialysis ,kidney disease ,environmental research ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Background: Patient empowerment and environmental sustainability may contribute to creating efficient and resilient healthcare models. Chronic kidney diseases call for a sustainable approach aimed at improving physical function and mental health of patients and possibly contributing to the slowing down of the evolution toward the end stage of renal disease (ESRD) with a reduction of the environmental and economic impact. Summary: Multidisciplinary interventions should be implemented particularly, at the final stages when patients are exposed to sedentariness, reduced health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and the healthcare services to high costs, and participation in environmental pollution. Ecological strategies based on specific nutritional approaches, exercise, and environment should be designed and tested. In particular, the introduction to physical exercise represents a useful replacement therapy to counteract the hazards derived from the sedentary behavior of ESRD patients, with low physical function associated with poor clinical outcomes. A more active and healthy lifestyle, particularly in the natural environment, could impact HR-QoL, mental and physical well-being but also on socialization, with lower anxiety and fatigue stress levels. Otherwise, combining sustainable exercise models into the patient’s daily routine can be enhanced by the biophilic design called to reproduce a natural environment in the dialysis center. Finally, the involvement of the personnel and the health professionals in properly managing the exercise interventions and the related factors (location, modality, dose, intensity, and duration) might improve the patients’ participation. In particular, ecological programs should be broadly inclusive and aimed to target the lowest performing populations through minimal feasible doses of exercise. Key Messages: Moving toward an ecological framework of lifestyle change in the very advanced stages of kidney disease, the potential synergies between environment, diet, and exercise may improve the physical and mental health of the patients and reduce the impact of dialysis.
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- 2024
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26. Essential gene screening identifies the bromodomain-containing protein BRPF1 as a new actionable target for endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancers
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Annamaria Salvati, Giorgio Giurato, Jessica Lamberti, Ilaria Terenzi, Laura Crescenzo, Viola Melone, Luigi Palo, Alessandro Giordano, Francesco Sabbatino, Giuseppina Roscigno, Cristina Quintavalle, Gerolama Condorelli, Francesca Rizzo, Roberta Tarallo, Giovanni Nassa, and Alessandro Weisz
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Breast cancer ,Estrogen signaling ,BRPF1 ,Endocrine therapy resistance ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Identifying master epigenetic factors controlling proliferation and survival of cancer cells allows to discover new molecular targets exploitable to overcome resistance to current pharmacological regimens. In breast cancer (BC), resistance to endocrine therapy (ET) arises from aberrant Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) signaling caused by genetic and epigenetic events still mainly unknown. Targeting key upstream components of the ERα pathway provides a way to interfere with estrogen signaling in cancer cells independently from any other downstream event. By combining computational analysis of genome-wide ‘drop-out’ screenings with siRNA-mediated gene knock-down (kd), we identified a set of essential genes in luminal-like, ERα + BC that includes BRPF1, encoding a bromodomain-containing protein belonging to a family of epigenetic readers that act as chromatin remodelers to control gene transcription. To gather mechanistic insights into the role of BRPF1 in BC and ERα signaling, we applied chromatin and transcriptome profiling, gene ablation and targeted pharmacological inhibition coupled to cellular and functional assays. Results indicate that BRPF1 associates with ERα onto BC cell chromatin and its blockade inhibits cell cycle progression, reduces cell proliferation and mediates transcriptome changes through the modulation of chromatin accessibility. This effect is elicited by a widespread inhibition of estrogen signaling, consequent to ERα gene silencing, in antiestrogen (AE) -sensitive and -resistant BC cells and pre-clinical patient-derived models (PDOs). Characterization of the functional interplay of BRPF1 with ERα reveals a new regulator of estrogen-responsive BC cell survival and suggests that this epigenetic factor is a potential new target for treatment of these tumors.
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- 2024
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27. Virtual Reality Body Swapping to Improve Self-Assessment in Job Interview Training
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Sofia Seinfeld, Filippo Gabriele Prattico, Chiara De Giorgi, and Fabrizio Lamberti
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Swapping visual perspective in virtual reality (VR) provides a unique means for embodying different virtual bodies and for self-distancing. Moreover, this technology is a powerful tool for experiential learning and for simulating realistic scenarios, with broad potential in the training of soft skills. However, there is scarce knowledge on how perspective swapping in VR might benefit the training of soft skills such as those required in a job interview. This article investigates the impact of virtual body swapping on the self-assessment of verbal and nonverbal communication skills, emotional states, and embodiment in a simulated job interview context. Three main conditions were compared: a baseline condition in which the participants practiced a job interview from the first-person perspective of a virtual interviewee (no swap condition); an external point of view condition where, first, the participants answered questions from the interviewee perspective, but then swap visual perspective to re-experience their responses from a nonembodied point of view (out of body condition); and a condition in which, after answering questions from the interviewee perspective, the participants re-experienced their responses from the embodied perspective of the virtual recruiter (recruiter condition). The experimental results indicated that the effectiveness of the out of body and recruiter conditions was superior to the no swap condition to self-assess the communication styles used during a job interview. Moreover, all the conditions led to a high level of embodiment toward the interviewee avatar when seen from the first-person perspective; in the case of the recruiter condition, the participants also felt embodied in the recruiter avatar. No differences in emotional states were found among conditions, with all sharing a positive valence.
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- 2024
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28. Fuzzy Logic Visual Network (FLVN): A neuro-symbolic approach for visual features matching
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Manigrasso, Francesco, Morra, Lia, and Lamberti, Fabrizio
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science - Abstract
Neuro-symbolic integration aims at harnessing the power of symbolic knowledge representation combined with the learning capabilities of deep neural networks. In particular, Logic Tensor Networks (LTNs) allow to incorporate background knowledge in the form of logical axioms by grounding a first order logic language as differentiable operations between real tensors. Yet, few studies have investigated the potential benefits of this approach to improve zero-shot learning (ZSL) classification. In this study, we present the Fuzzy Logic Visual Network (FLVN) that formulates the task of learning a visual-semantic embedding space within a neuro-symbolic LTN framework. FLVN incorporates prior knowledge in the form of class hierarchies (classes and macro-classes) along with robust high-level inductive biases. The latter allow, for instance, to handle exceptions in class-level attributes, and to enforce similarity between images of the same class, preventing premature overfitting to seen classes and improving overall performance. FLVN reaches state of the art performance on the Generalized ZSL (GZSL) benchmarks AWA2 and CUB, improving by 1.3% and 3%, respectively. Overall, it achieves competitive performance to recent ZSL methods with less computational overhead. FLVN is available at https://gitlab.com/grains2/flvn., Comment: Accepted for publication at ICIAP 2023
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- 2023
29. Pain catastrophizing negatively impacts drug retention rate in patients with Psoriatic Arthritis and axial Spondyloarthritis: results from a 2-years perspective multicenter GIRRCS (Gruppo Italiano di Ricerca in Reumatologia Clinica) study
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Currado, Damiano, Saracino, Francesca, Ruscitti, Piero, Marino, Annalisa, Pantano, Ilenia, Vomero, Marta, Berardicurti, Onorina, Pavlych, Viktoriya, Di Vico, Claudio, Caso, Francesco, Costa, Luisa, Tasso, Marco, Camarda, Federica, Misceo, Francesca, De Vincenzo, Francesco, Corrado, Addolorata, Arcarese, Luisa, Rigon, Amelia, Vadacca, Marta, Corberi, Erika, Kun, Lyubomyra, Trunfio, Francesca, Pilato, Andrea, Lamberti, Ludovica, Cantatore, Francesco Paolo, Perosa, Federico, Guggino, Giuliana, Scarpa, Raffaele, Cipriani, Paola, Ciccia, Francesco, Giacomelli, Roberto, and Navarini, Luca
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- 2024
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30. Essential gene screening identifies the bromodomain-containing protein BRPF1 as a new actionable target for endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancers
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Salvati, Annamaria, Giurato, Giorgio, Lamberti, Jessica, Terenzi, Ilaria, Crescenzo, Laura, Melone, Viola, Palo, Luigi, Giordano, Alessandro, Sabbatino, Francesco, Roscigno, Giuseppina, Quintavalle, Cristina, Condorelli, Gerolama, Rizzo, Francesca, Tarallo, Roberta, Nassa, Giovanni, and Weisz, Alessandro
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- 2024
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31. Correction: Defining and reporting exercise intensity in interventions for older adults: a modified Delphi process
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Wollesen, Bettina, Herden, Mona, Lamberti, Nicola, and Giannaki, Christoforos D.
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- 2024
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32. Exploring barriers to access to care following the 2021 socio-political changes in Afghanistan: a qualitative study
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Lamberti-Castronuovo, Alessandro, Valente, Martina, Bocchini, Francesca, Trentin, Monica, Paschetto, Michela, Bahdori, Ghulam Ali, Khadem, Jan Agha, Nadeem, Mirza Sayed, Patmal, Mohammad Hanif, Alizai, Mohammad Tawoos, Miccio, Rossella, and Ragazzoni, Luca
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- 2024
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33. Access to care in Afghanistan after august 2021: a cross-sectional study exploring Afghans’ perspectives in 10 provinces
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Valente, Martina, Lamberti-Castronuovo, Alessandro, Bocchini, Francesca, Shafiq, Yasir, Trentin, Monica, Paschetto, Michela, Bahdori, Ghulam Ali, Khadem, Jan Agha, Nadeem, Mirza Sayed, Patmal, Mohammand Hanif, Alizai, Mohammad Tawoos, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Miccio, Rossella, and Ragazzoni, Luca
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- 2024
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34. Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms
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Lamberti, Giuseppe, Panzuto, Francesco, Pavel, Marianne, O’Toole, Dermot, Ambrosini, Valentina, Falconi, Massimo, Garcia-Carbonero, Rocio, Riechelmann, Rachel P., Rindi, Guido, and Campana, Davide
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- 2024
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35. Defining and reporting exercise intensity in interventions for older adults: a modified Delphi process
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Wollesen, Bettina, Herden, Mona, Lamberti, Nicola, and Giannaki, Christoforos D.
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- 2024
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36. Tackling Cyclicity in Causal Models with Cross-Sectional Data Using a Partial Least Squares Approach: Implications for the Sequential Model of Internet Appropriation
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Lamberti, Giuseppe, Lopez-Sintas, Jordi, and Pandolfo, Giuseppe
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- 2024
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37. Epidemiology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a review and protocol presentation for bridging tumor registry data with the Italian association for neuroendocrine tumors (Itanet) national database
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Panzuto, Francesco, Partelli, Stefano, Campana, Davide, de Braud, Filippo, Spada, Francesca, Cives, Mauro, Tafuto, Salvatore, Bertuzzi, Alexia, Gelsomino, Fabio, Bergamo, Francesca, Marcucci, Stefano, Mastrangelo, Laura, Massironi, Sara, Appetecchia, Marialuisa, Filice, Angelina, Badalamenti, Giuseppe, Bartolomei, Mirco, Amoroso, Vito, Landoni, Luca, Rodriquenz, Maria Grazia, Valente, Monica, Colao, Annamaria, Isidori, Andrea, Fanciulli, Giuseppe, Bollina, Roberto, Ciola, Michele, Butturini, Giovanni, Marconcini, Riccardo, Arvat, Emanuela, Cinieri, Saverio, Berardi, Rossana, Baldari, Sergio, Riccardi, Ferdinando, Spoto, Chiara, Giuffrida, Dario, Gattuso, Domenico, Ferone, Diego, Rinzivillo, Maria, Bertani, Emilio, Versari, Annibale, Zerbi, Alessandro, Lamberti, Giuseppe, Lauricella, Eleonora, Pusceddu, Sara, Fazio, Nicola, Dell’Unto, Elisabetta, Marini, Marco, and Falconi, Massimo
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- 2024
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38. Epiphyseal fixation in revision total knee arthroplasty: a comparison between trabecular metal and titanium augments
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Franceschini, Vincenzo, Cavallo, Giuseppe, Lamberti, Alfredo, Pastore, Francesco, Montenegro, Luca, and Baldini, Andrea
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- 2024
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39. Testing heterogeneity in quantile regression: a multigroup approach
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Davino, Cristina, Lamberti, Giuseppe, and Vistocco, Domenico
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- 2024
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40. Segmentation of quantum generated sequences by using the Jensen-Shannon divergence
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Losada, Marcelo, Penas, Víctor A., Holik, Federico, and Lamberti, Pedro W.
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
The Jensen-Shannon divergence has been successfully applied as a segmentation tool for symbolic sequences, that is to separate the sequence into subsequences with the same symbolic content. In this work, we propose a method, based on the the Jensen-Shannon divergence, for segmentation of what we call \textit{quantum generated sequences}, which consist in symbolic sequences generated from measuring a quantum system. For one-qubit and two-qubit systems, we show that the proposed method is adequate for segmentation.
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- 2023
41. Transmission distance in the space of quantum channels
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Bussandri, Diego G., Lamberti, Pedro W., and Życzkowski, Karol
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
We analyze two ways to obtain distinguishability measures between quantum maps by employing the square root of the quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence, which forms a true distance in the space of density operators. The arising measures are the transmission distance between quantum channels and the entropic channel divergence. We investigate their mathematical properties and discuss their physical meaning. Additionally, we establish a chain rule for the entropic channel divergence, which implies the amortization collapse, a relevant result with potential applications in the field of discrimination of quantum channels and converse bounds. Finally, we analyze the distinguishability between two given Pauli channels and study exemplary Hamiltonian dynamics under decoherence.
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- 2023
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42. Bent & Broken Bicycles: Leveraging synthetic data for damaged object re-identification
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Piano, Luca, Pratticò, Filippo Gabriele, Russo, Alessandro Sebastian, Lanari, Lorenzo, Morra, Lia, and Lamberti, Fabrizio
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Graphics ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Instance-level object re-identification is a fundamental computer vision task, with applications from image retrieval to intelligent monitoring and fraud detection. In this work, we propose the novel task of damaged object re-identification, which aims at distinguishing changes in visual appearance due to deformations or missing parts from subtle intra-class variations. To explore this task, we leverage the power of computer-generated imagery to create, in a semi-automatic fashion, high-quality synthetic images of the same bike before and after a damage occurs. The resulting dataset, Bent & Broken Bicycles (BBBicycles), contains 39,200 images and 2,800 unique bike instances spanning 20 different bike models. As a baseline for this task, we propose TransReI3D, a multi-task, transformer-based deep network unifying damage detection (framed as a multi-label classification task) with object re-identification. The BBBicycles dataset is available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/GrainsPolito/BBBicycles
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- 2023
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43. Optimal Decision-Making for Autonomous Agents via Data Composition
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Garrabe, Emiland, Lamberti, Martina, and Russo, Giovanni
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Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
We consider the problem of designing agents able to compute optimal decisions by composing data from multiple sources to tackle tasks involving: (i) tracking a desired behavior while minimizing an agent-specific cost; (ii) satisfying safety constraints. After formulating the control problem, we show that this is convex under a suitable assumption and find the optimal solution. The effectiveness of the results, which are turned in an algorithm, is illustrated on a connected cars application via in-silico and in-vivo experiments with real vehicles and drivers. All the experiments confirm our theoretical predictions and the deployment of the algorithm on a real vehicle shows its suitability for in-car operation.
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- 2023
44. Extension and embedding theorems for Campanato spaces on $C^{0,\gamma}$ domains
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Greco, Damiano and Lamberti, Pier Domenico
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Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,46E30, 46E35, 42B35 - Abstract
We consider Campanato spaces with exponents $\lambda , p$ on domains of class $C^{0,\gamma}$ in the N-dimensional Euclidean space endowed with a natural anisotropic metric depending on $\gamma$. We discuss several results including the appropriate Campanato's embedding theorem and we prove that functions of those spaces can be extended to the whole of the Euclidean space without deterioration of the exponents $\lambda, p$.
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- 2023
45. Clock gene homologs lin-42 and kin-20 regulate circadian rhythms in C. elegans
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Melisa L. Lamberti, Rebecca K. Spangler, Victoria Cerdeira, Myriam Ares, Lise Rivollet, Guinevere E. Ashley, Andrea Ramos Coronado, Sarvind Tripathi, Ignacio Spiousas, Jordan D. Ward, Carrie L. Partch, Claire Y. Bénard, M. Eugenia Goya, and Diego A. Golombek
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations in nearly all organisms, from prokaryotes to humans, allowing them to adapt to cyclical environments for close to 24 h. Circadian rhythms are regulated by a central clock, based on a transcription-translation feedback loop. One important protein in the central loop in metazoan clocks is PERIOD, which is regulated in part by Casein kinase 1ε/δ (CK1ε/δ) phosphorylation. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, period and casein kinase 1ε/δ are conserved as lin-42 and kin-20, respectively. Here, we studied the involvement of lin-42 and kin-20 in the circadian rhythms of the adult nematode using a bioluminescence-based circadian transcriptional reporter. We show that mutations of lin-42 and kin-20 generate a significantly longer endogenous period, suggesting a role for both genes in the nematode circadian clock, as in other organisms. These phenotypes can be partially rescued by overexpression of either gene under their native promoter. Both proteins are expressed in neurons and epidermal seam cells, as well as in other cells. Depletion of LIN-42 and KIN-20, specifically in neuronal cells after development, was sufficient to lengthen the period of oscillating sur-5 expression. Therefore, we conclude that LIN-42 and KIN-20 are critical regulators of the adult nematode circadian clock through neuronal cells.
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- 2024
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46. The Effectiveness of Paired Associative Stimulation on Motor Recovery after Stroke: A Scoping Review
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Andrea Baroni, Annibale Antonioni, Giulia Fregna, Nicola Lamberti, Fabio Manfredini, Giacomo Koch, Alessandro D’Ausilio, and Sofia Straudi
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paired associative stimulation (PAS) ,stroke ,neurorehabilitation ,non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) ,plasticity ,neurophysiology ,Medicine ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation. PAS allows connections between cortical areas and peripheral nerves (C/P PAS) or between cortical regions (C/C PAS) to be strengthened or weakened by spike-timing-dependent neural plasticity mechanisms. Since PAS modulates both neurophysiological features and motor performance, there is growing interest in its application in neurorehabilitation. We aimed to synthesize evidence on the motor rehabilitation role of PAS in stroke patients. We performed a literature search following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews Framework. Eight studies were included: one investigated C/C PAS between the cerebellum and the affected primary motor area (M1), seven applied C/P PAS over the lesional, contralesional, or both M1. Seven studies evaluated the outcome on upper limb and one on lower limb motor recovery. Although several studies omit crucial methodological details, PAS highlighted effects mainly on corticospinal excitability, and, more rarely, an improvement in motor performance. However, most studies failed to prove a correlation between neurophysiological changes and motor improvement. Although current studies seem to suggest a role of PAS in post-stroke rehabilitation, their heterogeneity and limited number do not yet allow definitive conclusions to be drawn.
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- 2024
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47. Safety and Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in People Living With HIV and Cancer: A Real-World Report From the Cancer Therapy Using Checkpoint Inhibitors in People Living With HIV-International (CATCH-IT) Consortium.
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El Zarif, Talal, Nassar, Amin, Adib, Elio, Fitzgerald, Bailey, Huang, Jiaming, Mouhieddine, Tarek, Rubinstein, Paul, Nonato, Taylor, McKay, Rana, Li, Mingjia, Mittra, Arjun, Owen, Dwight, Baiocchi, Robert, Lorentsen, Michael, Dittus, Christopher, Dizman, Nazli, Falohun, Adewunmi, Abdel-Wahab, Noha, Diab, Adi, Bankapur, Anand, Reed, Alexandra, Kim, Chul, Arora, Aakriti, Shah, Neil, El-Am, Edward, Kozaily, Elie, Abdallah, Wassim, Al-Hader, Ahmad, Abu Ghazal, Batool, Saeed, Anwaar, Drolen, Claire, Lechner, Melissa, Drakaki, Alexandra, Baena, Javier, Nebhan, Caroline, Haykal, Tarek, Morse, Michael, Cortellini, Alessio, Pinato, David, Dalla Pria, Alessia, Hall, Evan, Bakalov, Veli, Bahary, Nathan, Rajkumar, Aarthi, Mangla, Ankit, Shah, Vishal, Singh, Parminder, Aboubakar Nana, Frank, Lopetegui-Lia, Nerea, Dima, Danai, Dobbs, Ryan, Funchain, Pauline, Saleem, Rabia, Woodford, Rachel, Long, Georgina, Menzies, Alexander, Genova, Carlo, Barletta, Giulia, Puri, Sonam, Florou, Vaia, Idossa, Dame, Saponara, Maristella, Queirolo, Paola, Lamberti, Giuseppe, Addeo, Alfredo, Bersanelli, Melissa, Freeman, Dory, Xie, Wanling, Reid, Erin, Chiao, Elizabeth, Sharon, Elad, Johnson, Douglas, Ramaswami, Ramya, Bower, Mark, Emu, Brinda, Marron, Thomas, Choueiri, Toni, Baden, Lindsey, Lurain, Kathryn, Sonpavde, Guru, and Naqash, Abdul
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Male ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Carcinoma ,Hepatocellular ,Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ,Retrospective Studies ,Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ,Liver Neoplasms ,Carcinoma ,Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Lung Neoplasms ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,HIV Infections - Abstract
PURPOSE: Compared with people living without HIV (PWOH), people living with HIV (PWH) and cancer have traditionally been excluded from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) trials. Furthermore, there is a paucity of real-world data on the use of ICIs in PWH and cancer. METHODS: This retrospective study included PWH treated with anti-PD-1- or anti-PD-L1-based therapies for advanced cancers. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Objective response rates (ORRs) were measured per RECIST 1.1 or other tumor-specific criteria, whenever feasible. Restricted mean survival time (RMST) was used to compare OS and PFS between matched PWH and PWOH with metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC). RESULTS: Among 390 PWH, median age was 58 years, 85% (n = 331) were males, 36% (n = 138) were Black; 70% (n = 274) received anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 monotherapy. Most common cancers were NSCLC (28%, n = 111), hepatocellular carcinoma ([HCC]; 11%, n = 44), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC; 10%, n = 39). Seventy percent (152/216) had CD4+ T cell counts ≥200 cells/µL, and 94% (179/190) had HIV viral load
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- 2023
48. Comutations and KRASG12C Inhibitor Efficacy in Advanced NSCLC.
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Negrao, Marcelo, Araujo, Haniel, Lamberti, Giuseppe, Cooper, Alissa, Akhave, Neal, Zhou, Teng, Delasos, Lukas, Hicks, J, Aldea, Mihaela, Minuti, Gabriele, Hines, Jacobi, Aredo, Jacqueline, Dennis, Michael, Scott, Susan, Bironzo, Paolo, Scheffler, Matthias, Christopoulos, Petros, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Riess, Jonathan, Kim, So, Goldberg, Sarah, Li, Mingjia, Wang, Qi, Qing, Yun, Ni, Ying, Do, Minh, Lee, Richard, Ricciuti, Biagio, Alessi, Joao, Wang, Jing, Resuli, Blerina, Landi, Lorenza, Tseng, Shu-Chi, Nishino, Mizuki, Digumarthy, Subba, Rinsurongkawong, Waree, Rinsurongkawong, Vadeerat, Vaporciyan, Ara, Blumenschein, George, Zhang, Jianjun, Owen, Dwight, Mountzios, Giannis, Shu, Catherine, Bestvina, Christine, Garassino, Marina, Marrone, Kristen, Gray, Jhanelle, Patel, Sandip, Cummings, Amy, Wakelee, Heather, Wolf, Juergen, Scagliotti, Giorgio, Cappuzzo, Federico, Barlesi, Fabrice, Patil, Pradnya, Drusbosky, Leylah, Gibbons, Don, Meric-Bernstam, Funda, Lee, J, Heymach, John, Hong, David, Heist, Rebecca, Awad, Mark, Skoulidis, Ferdinandos, Blakely, Collin, and Chakrabarti, Turja
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Humans ,Carcinoma ,Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Lung Neoplasms ,Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Mutation ,NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ,DNA Helicases ,Nuclear Proteins ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
UNLABELLED: Molecular modifiers of KRASG12C inhibitor (KRASG12Ci) efficacy in advanced KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC are poorly defined. In a large unbiased clinicogenomic analysis of 424 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we identified and validated coalterations in KEAP1, SMARCA4, and CDKN2A as major independent determinants of inferior clinical outcomes with KRASG12Ci monotherapy. Collectively, comutations in these three tumor suppressor genes segregated patients into distinct prognostic subgroups and captured ∼50% of those with early disease progression (progression-free survival ≤3 months) with KRASG12Ci. Pathway-level integration of less prevalent coalterations in functionally related genes nominated PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway and additional baseline RAS gene alterations, including amplifications, as candidate drivers of inferior outcomes with KRASG12Ci, and revealed a possible association between defective DNA damage response/repair and improved KRASG12Ci efficacy. Our findings propose a framework for patient stratification and clinical outcome prediction in KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC that can inform rational selection and appropriate tailoring of emerging combination therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we identify co-occurring genomic alterations in KEAP1, SMARCA4, and CDKN2A as independent determinants of poor clinical outcomes with KRASG12Ci monotherapy in advanced NSCLC, and we propose a framework for patient stratification and treatment personalization based on the comutational status of individual tumors. See related commentary by Heng et al., p. 1513. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501.
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- 2023
49. Bio-inspired Autonomous Exploration Policies with CNN-based Object Detection on Nano-drones
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Lamberti, Lorenzo, Bompani, Luca, Kartsch, Victor Javier, Rusci, Manuele, Palossi, Daniele, and Benini, Luca
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Computer Science - Robotics ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
Nano-sized drones, with palm-sized form factor, are gaining relevance in the Internet-of-Things ecosystem. Achieving a high degree of autonomy for complex multi-objective missions (e.g., safe flight, exploration, object detection) is extremely challenging for the onboard chip-set due to tight size, payload (<10g), and power envelope constraints, which strictly limit both memory and computation. Our work addresses this complex problem by combining bio-inspired navigation policies, which rely on time-of-flight distance sensor data, with a vision-based convolutional neural network (CNN) for object detection. Our field-proven nano-drone is equipped with two microcontroller units (MCUs), a single-core ARM Cortex-M4 (STM32) for safe navigation and exploration policies, and a parallel ultra-low power octa-core RISC-V (GAP8) for onboard CNN inference, with a power envelope of just 134mW, including image sensors and external memories. The object detection task achieves a mean average precision of 50% (at 1.6 frame/s) on an in-field collected dataset. We compare four bio-inspired exploration policies and identify a pseudo-random policy to achieve the highest coverage area of 83% in a ~36m^2 unknown room in a 3 minutes flight. By combining the detection CNN and the exploration policy, we show an average detection rate of 90% on six target objects in a never-seen-before environment., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, conference: DATE: Design, Automation, and Test in Europe (2023)
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- 2023
50. Lightweight Neural Architecture Search for Temporal Convolutional Networks at the Edge
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Risso, Matteo, Burrello, Alessio, Conti, Francesco, Lamberti, Lorenzo, Chen, Yukai, Benini, Luca, Macii, Enrico, Poncino, Massimo, and Pagliari, Daniele Jahier
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Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is quickly becoming the go-to approach to optimize the structure of Deep Learning (DL) models for complex tasks such as Image Classification or Object Detection. However, many other relevant applications of DL, especially at the edge, are based on time-series processing and require models with unique features, for which NAS is less explored. This work focuses in particular on Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs), a convolutional model for time-series processing that has recently emerged as a promising alternative to more complex recurrent architectures. We propose the first NAS tool that explicitly targets the optimization of the most peculiar architectural parameters of TCNs, namely dilation, receptive-field and number of features in each layer. The proposed approach searches for networks that offer good trade-offs between accuracy and number of parameters/operations, enabling an efficient deployment on embedded platforms. We test the proposed NAS on four real-world, edge-relevant tasks, involving audio and bio-signals. Results show that, starting from a single seed network, our method is capable of obtaining a rich collection of Pareto optimal architectures, among which we obtain models with the same accuracy as the seed, and 15.9-152x fewer parameters. Compared to three state-of-the-art NAS tools, ProxylessNAS, MorphNet and FBNetV2, our method explores a larger search space for TCNs (up to 10^12x) and obtains superior solutions, while requiring low GPU memory and search time. We deploy our NAS outputs on two distinct edge devices, the multicore GreenWaves Technology GAP8 IoT processor and the single-core STMicroelectronics STM32H7 microcontroller. With respect to the state-of-the-art hand-tuned models, we reduce latency and energy of up to 5.5x and 3.8x on the two targets respectively, without any accuracy loss., Comment: Accepted for publication at the IEEE Transactions on Computers
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- 2023
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