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Research on the microbiome has progressed from identifying specific microbial communities to exploring how these organisms produce and modify metabolites that impact a wide range of health conditions, including gastrointestinal, metabolic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides an overview of the bacteria commonly found in the intestinal tract, focusing on their main functional outputs. We explore biomarkers that not only indicate a well-balanced microbiota but also potential dysbiosis, which could foreshadow susceptibility to future health conditions. Additionally, it discusses the establishment of the microbiota during the early years of life, examining factors such as gestational age at birth, type of delivery, antibiotic intake, and genetic and environmental influences. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research, this article aims to enhance our understanding of the microbiota’s foundational development and its long-term implications for health and disease management.

Wax precipitation in oil pipelines and industrial equipment is a severe concern in the petroleum sector as it can cause well bores to block and reduces the efficiency of oil/gas production and transportation processes. The solid particles (wax) will increase the pressure drop in the tubing and eventually cause plugging. Thus, predicting the Wax Appearance Temperature (WAT) is crucial, the temperature at which the first wax droplets are discovered. Gamma Distribution Function (GDF) parameters were used to develop a characterisation to determine the nature of hydrocarbon mixtures. The parameters of GDF were calculated using the characterisation developed in Python. The oil was characterised by using the calculated GDF parameters until C50+. Based on the estimated value of the parameters of GDF, the type of hydrocarbon mixtures were classified into heavy oil/biodegraded, asphaltenic, paraffinic, waxy, and light oils. The WAT of crude oils was predicted using data analysis techniques of regression analysis. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and R-squared were used to evaluate the model. Multiple regression was the best data analysis method to correlate WAT, giving the highest R-squared value with a lower RMSE than simple regression. This study will assist in predicting the nature of the crude oil. Correct prediction of crude oil’s nature will help manage flow assurance.

Different microclimates can have significant impact on the physiology of succulents that inhabit arid environments such as the Mojave Desert (California). We investigated variation in leaf physiology, morphology and anatomy of two dominant Mojave Desert monocots, Yucca brevifolia (Joshua tree) and Hesperoyucca whipplei, growing along a soil water availability gradient. Stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf thickness were recorded in the field at three different sites (north-western slope, south-eastern slope, and alluvial fan) in March of 2019. We sampled leaves from three individuals per site per species and measured in the lab relative water content at the time of gs measurements, saturated water content, cuticular conductance, leaf morphological traits (leaf area and length, leaf mass per area, % loss of thickness in the field and in dried leaves), and leaf venation. We found species varied in their gs: while Y. brevifolia showed significantly higher gs in the alluvial fan than in the slopes, H. whipplei was highest in the south-eastern slope. The differences in gs did not relate to differences in leaf water content, but rather to variation in number of veins per mm2 in H. whipplei and leaf width in Y. brevifolia. Our results indicate that H. whipplei displays a higher water conservation strategy than Y. brevifolia. We discuss these differences and trends with water availability in relation to species’ plasticity in morphology and anatomy and the ecological consequences of differences in 3-dimensional venation architecture in these two species.

Effect of different antibiotics, chemicals and bio-agents was assessed in vitro by paper disc method and the antibiotics revealed that Streptocycline (750 ppm) with the inhibition of 2.69 cm was more effective and bactrinashak was least effective. Among chemicals Bordeaux mixture at 1 per cent recorded maximum inhibitory zone. Among the combination COC (0.3%) + streptocycline (750 ppm) was found significantly very effective than rest of the treatments with maximum inhibition zone of 3.41 cm. Among the seven bio-agents evaluated, P. fluorescens recorded highest inhibitory zone (2.63 cm) against X.axonopodis pv. glycines which were followed by Bacillus amyloliquifaciens (0.93 cm). PPFM-20 (0.89 cm) and PPFM-71 (0.88 cm) which are on par with each other.

This paper presents some results concerning the determination of water and dry matter through the quantitative gravimetric method in ornamental trees (leaves and branches) of Juniperus, Thuja, Chamaecyparis, Picea, Pinus, Abies, Pseudotzuga genera, under the climatic conditions of Iasi. The purpose of carrying on this work is to see if moisture of vegetative part remains under normal limits. The success of propagation, planting, transplanting of woody plants is largely dependant on the presence of water.

The paper presents some aspects regarding the influence of climatic conditions (temperature, precipitation, humidity, etc.), the annual increases in some species of woody plants. The objective pursued was the determination of the length of the annual increases in the climatic conditions of the Iaşi 2013-2015. 2015 can be characterized as a year with relevant climatic peculiarities of what has negatively impacted the annual increases in comparison with annual increases in 2013 and 2014.

The recent global economic downturn has increased an already perceived need in organizations for cost savings. To cope with such need, companies can opt for different strategies. This paper focuses on optimizing processes and, more specifically, determining the optimal lot production. To determine the optimal lot of a specific production process, a new software was developed that not only incorporates various productive and logistical elements in its calculations but also affords users a practical way to manage the large number of input parameters required to determine the optimal batch. The developed software has not only been validated by several companies, both Spanish and Mexican, who achieved significant savings, but also used as a teaching tool in universities with highly satisfactory results from the point of view of student learning. A special contribution of this work is that the developed tool can be sent to the interested reader free of charge upon request.

This paper presents some aspects regarding the influence of chemical fertilizers NPK complex based (1: 1: 1) on "Development vigorous growth of wild gladiolus, namely" the number of leaves per plant, increasing their length, the total length of the rod floriferous, the total number of blue flowers "have on the rod under the climatic conditions of 2013 beer.

The present paper presents some aspects regarding the influence of climatic conditions on annual increases in some species. The goal for the achievement of the aim pursued was the determination of the length of the annual increases in the climatic conditions of the year 2012.

Research conducted by the author is a review of the major cuts crown formation in ornamental trees. The paper presents different techniques used in modeling tree crown, and some problems which may arise from incorrect application of such interventions.