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In solid organ transplantation, the deleterious effect of antibodies directed against donor HLA antigens, whether preformed or de novo, is well established. Anti-HLA antibodies have been associated not only with the risk of antibody-mediated rejection but also with late graft dysfunction and are now considered to be the leading cause of allograft loss after renal transplantation. In addition to HLA antibodies, the possible involvement of non-HLA antibodies targeting donor endothelial cells has long been the subject of intense research. The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge and remaining issues related to the involvement of non-HLA antibodies in solid organ transplantation. More specifically, the clinical data underlying the hypothesis of the role of non-HLA antibodies will be discussed, as well as the different techniques for antibody detection, their clinical relevance and their antigenic targets., (Copyright © 2019 Société francophone de néphrologie, dialyse et transplantation. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is an aggressive malignancy derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. There is currently no accepted standard of care for treating this neoplasm, and therapeutic strategies have never been prospectively evaluated. Since blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm cells express high levels of interleukin-3 receptor α chain (IL3-Rα or CD123), antitumor effects of the interleukin-3 receptor-targeted drug SL-401 against blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxicity of SL-401 was assessed in patient-derived blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm cell lines (CAL-1 and GEN2.2) and in primary blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm cells isolated from 12 patients using flow cytometry and an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The cytotoxic effects of SL-401 were compared to those of several relevant cytotoxic agents. SL-401 exhibited a robust cytotoxicity against blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of SL-401 were observed at substantially lower concentrations than those achieved in clinical trials to date. Survival of mice inoculated with a blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm cell line and treated with a single cycle of SL-401 was significantly longer than that of untreated controls (median survival, 58 versus 17 days, P<0.001). These findings indicate that blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm cells are highly sensitive to SL-401, and support further evaluation of SL-401 in patients suffering from blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm., (Copyright© Ferrata Storti Foundation.)