Search

Conserving and improving the quality of breeds is crucial for enhancing small ruminant production in Vietnam. To support this purpose, cryopreservation was offered as a promising method for semen preservation and maintaining genetic diversity. Moreover, many small-scale farmers in Mekong Delta rely on goats for both income and nutrition, making them an important part of farming activities. This study aimed to develop a sperm cryopreservation protocol and identify the optimal cryoprotectant for goat sperm in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Semen samples were diluted with TCG-EggYolk freezing medium containing cryoprotectant agent (CPA) in a 1:1 ratio. The samples were then placed in 0.5 mL French straws, cooled to 15 °C and 5 °C, and subjected to nitrogen vapor before being immersed in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. Experiment 1 utilized Glycerol as the CPA in concentrations of 0 %, 5 %, 8 %, and 11 %. Experiment 2 employed dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the CPA with the same concentrations. Thawed samples were evaluated for sperm quality. Results indicated that in Experiment 1, increasing the Glycerol concentration improved the overall motility, viability, and membrane integrity of sperm. The best outcomes were achieved with 8 % Glycerol, resulting in progressive motility of 57.5 % (P

Thí nghiệm được tiến hành nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của thay thế lá mít ủ chua cho cỏ Voi tươi lên tỷ lệ tiêu hóa, lên men dạ cỏ và sinh khí methane (CH4) in vitro sử dụng dịch dạ cỏ dê Saanen lai. Thí nghiệm được thiết kế hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên với 5 nghiệm thức (NT) là sự thay thế cỏ Voi tươi bởi lá mít ủ chua ở các mức 0, 25, 50, 75 và 100% DM, tương ứng với LMU0, LMU25, LMU50, LMU75 và LMU100. Kết quả cho thấy việc tăng các mức độ lá mít ủ chua làm tăng tỷ lệ acetate và giảm propionate (P

Tinh dầu của lá húng chanh (còn được gọi là tần dầy lá) Plectranthus Amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng thu hái ở tỉnh Hậu Giang được nghiên cứu về thành phần hóa học và hoạt tính sinh học trong bài báo này. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, thành phần chính trong tinh dầu lá húng chanh có 18,81% p-cymene, 11,88% carvacrol và 10,56% δ-cadinene, 9,41% β-Caryophyllene và một số cấu tử khác. Phương pháp DPPH cho biết tinh dầu này có khả năng kháng gốc tự do với giá trị IC50 = 118,587 µg.mL-1 Phương pháp khuếch tán đĩa giấy cho thấy, tinh dầu thể hiện hoạt tính kháng tốt đối với các chủng vi sinh vật thử nghiệm bao gồm Bacillus cereus ATCC® 10876TM; Listeria innocua ATCC® 33090TM; Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922TM; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC® 27853TM; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923TM; Salmonella typhimurium ATCC® 13311TM và nấm Candida Albicans HS1.

Ngò gai còn gọi mùi tàu hay ngò tàu, có tên khoa học là Eryngium foetidum L. thuộc họ Hoa Tán. Trong nghiên cứu này, hạt ngò gai được thu mua ở Thành phố Cần Thơ được nghiên cứu về thành phần hóa học và hoạt tính sinh học. Kết quả xác định thành phần hóa học bằng GC-MS cho biết, thành phần hóa học trong tinh dầu hạt ngò gai gồm a-Pinene (83,04%), o-Cymene (5,66%), duraldehyde (5,64%), g-Terpinene (3,55%) và carotol (2,11%). Kết quả đánh giá hoạt tính kháng vi sinh vật cho thấy, tinh dầu hạt ngò gai kháng được 7 trên 7 chủng vi sinh vật thử nghiệm bao gồm Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 và nấm Candida albicans HS1. Kết quả thử hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa bằng phương pháp DPPH cho biết tinh dầu hạt ngò gai có khả năng kháng gốc tự do với giá trị IC50 = 170,90 µg.mL-1

ABSTRACT: Skeletal muscle turnover helps support the physiological needs of dairy cows during the transition into lactation. We evaluated effects of feeding ethyl-cellulose rumen-protected methionine (RPM) during the periparturient period on abundance of proteins associated with transport AA and glucose, protein turnover, metabolism, and antioxidant pathways in skeletal muscle. Sixty multiparous Holstein cows were used in a block design and assigned to a control or RPM diet from −28 to 60 d in milk. The RPM was fed at a rate of 0.09% or 0.10% of dry matter intake (DMI) during the prepartal and postpartal periods to achieve a target Lys:Met ratio in the metabolizable protein of ∼2.8:1. Muscle biopsies from the hind leg of 10 clinically healthy cows per diet collected at −21, 1, and 21 d relative to calving were used for western blotting of 38 target proteins. Statistical analysis was performed using the PROC MIXED statement of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.) with cow as random effect, whereas diet, time, and diet × time were the fixed effects. Diet × time tended to affect prepartum DMI, with RPM cows consuming 15.2 kg/d and controls 14.6 kg/d. However, diet had no effect on postpartum DMI (17.2 and 17.1 ± 0.4 kg/d for control and RPM, respectively). Milk yield during the first 30 d in milk was also not affected by diet (38.1 and 37.5 ± 1.9 kg/d for control and RPM, respectively). Diet or time did not affect the abundance of several AA transporters or the insulin-induced glucose transporter (SLC2A4). Among evaluated proteins, feeding RPM led to lower overall abundance of proteins associated with protein synthesis (phosphorylated EEF2, phosphorylated RPS6KB1), mTOR activation (RRAGA), proteasome degradation (UBA1), cellular stress responses (HSP70, phosphorylated MAPK3, phosphorylated EIF2A, ERK1/2), antioxidant response (GPX3), and de novo synthesis of phospholipids (PEMT). Regardless of diet, there was an increase in the abundance of the active form of the master regulator of protein synthesis phosphorylated MTOR and the growth-factor-induced serine/threonine kinase phosphorylated AKT1 and PIK3C3, whereas the abundance of a negative regulator of translation (phosphorylated EEF2K) decreased over time. Compared with d 1 after calving and regardless of diet, the abundance of proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (XBP1 spliced), cell growth and survival (phosphorylated MAPK3), inflammation (transcription factor p65), antioxidant responses (KEAP1), and circadian regulation (CLOCK, PER2) of oxidative metabolism was upregulated at d 21 relative to parturition. These responses coupled with the upregulation of transporters for Lys, Arg, and His (SLC7A1) and glutamate/aspartate (SLC1A3) over time were suggestive of dynamic adaptations in cellular functions. Overall, management approaches that could take advantage of this physiological plasticity may help cows make a smoother transition into lactation.

Supplementation of oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and condensed tannin has been known as a feeding approach to improve healthy fatty acids in ruminant milk, but it can cause an adverse effect on feed intake and animal performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding oil alone or in combination with grape seed tannin extract (GSTE) on feed intake, milk yield and composition of dairy cows. Sixteen low production dairy cows in mid-lactation fed a basal diet based on agro-industrial by-products were arranged to a completely randomized design for a 6-week duration. Animals were fed basal diet without oil and GSTE inclusion (CON), 2.5% DM soybean oil (SBO), 2.5% DM blend of soybean oil and tuna fish oil at 3:2 w:w (SFO), or SFO plus 0.4% DM GSTE (OCT). The results showed that DM intake was reduced (P < 0.05) by 14.4% in OCT relative to CON. Milk yield was not affected by oil and GSTE supplementation, but SFO and OCT strongly depressed milk fat, protein and total solids (P < 0.001). In conclusion, in a low production cow diet based on agro-industrial by-products containing high lipid, supplementation of oil and GSTE should be considered in the aspects of feed intake and milk composition.

Predictive maintenance (PdM) is one of the most powerful maintenance techniques based on the estimation of the remaining useful life (RUL) of machines. Accurately estimating the RUL is crucial to ensure the effectiveness of PdM. However, current methods have limitations in fully exploring condition monitoring data, particularly vibration signals, for RUL estimation. To address these challenges, this research presents a novel Robust Multi-Branch Deep Learning (Robust-MBDL) model. Robust-MBDL stands out by leveraging diverse data sources, including raw vibration signals, time–frequency representations, and multiple feature domains. To achieve this, it adopts a specialized three-branch architecture inspired by efficient network designs. The model seamlessly integrates information from these branches using an advanced attention-based Bi-LSTM network. Furthermore, recognizing the importance of data quality, Robust-MBDL incorporates an unsupervised LSTM-Autoencoder for noise reduction in raw vibration data. This comprehensive approach not only overcomes the limitations of existing methods but also leads to superior performance. Experimental evaluations on benchmark datasets such as XJTU-SY and PRONOSTIA showcase Robust-MBDL’s efficacy, particularly in rotating machine health prognostics. These results underscore its potential for real-world applications, heralding a new era in predictive maintenance practices.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing jackfruit leaves (JF) for Para grass (PG) on intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, ruminal fermentation, milk yield and composition in lactating goats. Four crossbred Saanen lactating goats in mid-lactation and milking 1676 ± 112 g/day were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. A basal diet consisted of concentrate and PG (C:F 40:60). Treatments were dietary replacement of JL for PG at ratios of 0, 50, 75 and 100% corresponding to JL0, JL50, JL75 and JL100 diets, respectively. Feeding JL increased linearly (P

In this study, the pure and calcined forms of Degussa TiO2 were applied for photocatalytic removal of doxycycline - a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic. The calcination of TiO2 at 500 °C enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2 under optimal operational conditions of 5 ppm of doxycycline, 0.25 g/L of TiO2, pH 6.5, 120 min, and room temperature. In addition, the changes in morphology, crystal structure, and optical properties of the materials before and after calcination were observed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The reaction kinetics of the doxycycline removal was also investigated based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model with a correlation coefficient R2 of >80%. Results showed that the photocatalytic ability of TiO2 is stable and enhanced after being calcined at a suitable temperature of 500 °C. This opens up the potential application of TiO2 in the treatment of emerging organic pollutants in water. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Thí nghiệm được bố trí hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên trên 80 cây so đũa (SD) (40 cây SD bông trắng và 40 cây SD bông đỏ) 1 tháng tuổi. Thí nghiệm gồm 2 nghiệm thức (SD bông trắng và SD bông đỏ) với 4 lần lặp lại để đánh giá khả năng sinh trưởng, năng suất và thành phần hóa học của hai giống SD. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, chiều cao cây SD bông trắng cao hơn SD bông đỏ (P

Thí nghiệm được bố trí theo mô hình hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên trên 48 cây so đũa Thái trắng từ 3 đến 6 tháng tuổi để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của các mức độ phân bón lên năng suất và thành phần dưỡng chất của lá cây. Thí nghiệm gồm 4 nghiệm thức (NT), tương ứng với 4 công thức phân (P): NT đối chứng sử dụng phân vô cơ 1,6 tấn/ha/năm (P1), NT P2 dùng phân hữu cơ 2 tấn/ha/năm, NT P3 dùng phân vô cơ 0,8 tấn/ha/năm và phân hữu cơ 2 tấn/ha/năm, và NT P4 dùng phân vô cơ 1,6 tấn/ha/năm và phân hữu cơ 2 tấn/ha/năm. Kết quả cho thấy NT P4 cho năng suất chất xanh và chất khô cao hơn các NT còn lại (P0,05). Kết quả cho thấy dùng phân vô cơ 1,6 tấn/ha/năm và phân hữu cơ 2 tấn/ha/năm giúp cây phát triển và đạt năng suất tốt nhất.

ABSTRACT: Residual feed intake (RFI) is a moderately heritable trait of feed efficiency in dairy cows. The main objective of the present study was to assess potential differences in the ruminal microbiome, milk fatty acid (FA) composition, and plasma concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate between the most (M-EFF) and the least efficient (L-EFF) dairy cows during early lactation. Forty-seven multiparous Holstein dairy cows with daily ad libitum access to a total mixed ration from 30 d before calving to 30 d in milk were used. Cows were retrospectively classified into M-EFF (i.e., low RFI, n = 29) and L-EFF (high RFI, n = 18) based on a linear regression model. Ruminal digesta and milk samples were collected from each cow at 15 and 30 d in milk for microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiome sequencing data were analyzed with the QIIME 2 platform (http://qiime.org/), whereas the microbiome statistical analyses and visual explorations were performed using the web-based MicrobiomeAnalyst platform. Milk FA composition was measured via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The statistical model used in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.) included RFI, time, and their interactions as fixed effects. The cor() function in R programming was used to determine Pearson correlations between relative abundance of significant bacteria and milk FA. Overall, daily milk yield did not differ due to RFI and averaged 42 ± 1.6 kg for L-EFF and 43 ± 1.3 kg for M-EFF cows. However, M-EFF cows had lower overall dry matter intake (14.9 ± 0.5 kg/d) compared with L-EFF cows (19.2 ± 0.6 kg/d). No incidence of clinical disease was recorded for cows in the study. Compared with L-EFF, overall glucose concentration was lower, whereas NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were greater in M-EFF cows. Ruminal digesta from both RFI groups had similar bacterial composition, but differed in the relative abundance of some bacteria. Compared with L-EFF, M-EFF cows had greater relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Lachnoclostridium, Papillibacter, Desulfovibrio, Sphaerochaeta, Acetobacter, and Histophilus. In contrast, relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Ruminiclostridium, Prevotellaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium was lower in M-EFF cows. Compared with L-EFF, M-EFF cows had greater proportions of long-chain monounsaturated FA, including 16:1 trans-9, 16:1 cis-9, 17:1 trans-10, 17:1 cis-10, 18:1 cis-9, 18:1 cis-11, whereas proportions of medium-chain saturated and 16:0 were lower in M-EFF. Acetate-producing bacteria (Sphaerochaeta and Acetobacter) were positively and significantly correlated (r ≥ 0.24) with concentrations of 16:1 cis-9 and 17:1 cis-10, whereas Prevotellaceae was significantly and negatively correlated (r = −0.25) with these FA. Butyrate-producing bacterium (Papillibacter) had a significant negative correlation (r = −0.27) with concentration of 15:0. Overall, data suggested that feed-efficient cows have unique profiles of ruminal microbiota, some of which are correlated with concentrations of milk FA during early lactation.

Abstract Background Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is one of the major clinical phenotypes of severe dengue. It is defined by significant plasma leak, leading to intravascular volume depletion and eventually cardiovascular collapse. The compensatory reserve Index (CRI) is a new physiological parameter, derived from feature analysis of the pulse arterial waveform that tracks real-time changes in central volume. We investigated the utility of CRI to predict recurrent shock in severe dengue patients admitted to the ICU. Methods We performed a prospective observational study in the pediatric and adult intensive care units at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Patients were monitored with hourly clinical parameters and vital signs, in addition to continuous recording of the arterial waveform using pulse oximetry. The waveform data was wirelessly transmitted to a laptop where it was synchronized with the patient’s clinical data. Results One hundred three patients with suspected severe dengue were recruited to this study. Sixty-three patients had the minimum required dataset for analysis. Median age was 11 years (IQR 8–14 years). CRI had a negative correlation with heart rate and moderate negative association with blood pressure. CRI was found to predict recurrent shock within 12 h of being measured (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.54–3.26), P

Summary: Background: Improvements in the early diagnosis of dengue are urgently needed, especially in resource-limited settings where the distinction between dengue and other febrile illnesses is crucial for patient management. Methods: In this prospective, observational study (IDAMS), we included patients aged 5 years and older with undifferentiated fever at presentation from 26 outpatient facilities in eight countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, El Salvador, Indonesia, Malaysia, Venezuela, and Viet Nam). We used multivariable logistic regression to investigate the association between clinical symptoms and laboratory tests with dengue versus other febrile illnesses between day 2 and day 5 after onset of fever (ie, illness days). We built a set of candidate regression models including clinical and laboratory variables to reflect the need of a comprehensive versus parsimonious approach. We assessed performance of these models via standard measures of diagnostic values. Findings: Between Oct 18, 2011, and Aug 4, 2016, we recruited 7428 patients, of whom 2694 (36%) were diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed dengue and 2495 (34%) with (non-dengue) other febrile illnesses and met inclusion criteria, and were included in the analysis. 2703 (52%) of 5189 included patients were younger than 15 years, 2486 (48%) were aged 15 years or older, 2179 (42%) were female and 3010 (58%) were male. Platelet count, white blood cell count, and the change in these variables from the previous day of illness had a strong association with dengue. Cough and rhinitis had strong associations with other febrile illnesses, whereas bleeding, anorexia, and skin flush were generally associated with dengue. Model performance increased between day 2 and 5 of illness. The comprehensive model (18 clinical and laboratory predictors) had sensitivities of 0·80 to 0·87 and specificities of 0·80 to 0·91, whereas the parsimonious model (eight clinical and laboratory predictors) had sensitivities of 0·80 to 0·88 and specificities of 0·81 to 0·89. A model that includes laboratory markers that are easy to measure (eg, platelet count or white blood cell count) outperformed the models based on clinical variables only. Interpretation: Our results confirm the important role of platelet and white blood cell counts in diagnosing dengue, and the importance of serial measurements over subsequent days. We successfully quantified the performance of clinical and laboratory markers covering the early period of dengue. Resulting algorithms performed better than published schemes for distinction of dengue from other febrile illnesses, and take into account the dynamic changes over time. Our results provide crucial information needed for the update of guidelines, including the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness handbook. Funding: EU's Seventh Framework Programme. Translations: For the Bangla, Bahasa Indonesia, Portuguese, Khmer, Spanish and Vietnamese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Mục tiêu của đề tài nhằm khảo sát ảnh hưởng của 3 mức phân N-P-K lên khả năng sinh trưởng, năng suất và thành phần dinh dưỡng của lá mít. Thí nghiệm được bố trí hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên với 3 nghiệm thức tương ứng với 3 mức phân bón vô cơ, bao gồm P1 có tỷ lệ N-P-K 16-16-8, P2 có tỷ lệ N-P-K 24-16-8 và P3 có tỷ lệ N-P-K 16-24-8. Thí nghiệm được lặp lại 10 lần, mỗi lần lặp lại gồm 4 cây mít giống Changai từ 12-18 tháng tuổi, tổng số là 120 cây mít. Kết quả cho thấy cây mít sử dụng mức phân P3 cho chiều cao, đường kính tán, số chồi, năng suất lá và cọng cao nhất (P

BackgroundIncreased data availability has prompted the creation of clinical decision support systems. These systems utilise clinical information to enhance health care provision, both to predict the likelihood of specific clinical outcomes or evaluate the risk of further complications. However, their adoption remains low due to concerns regarding the quality of recommendations, and a lack of clarity on how results are best obtained and presented.MethodsWe used autoencoders capable of reducing the dimensionality of complex datasets in order to produce a 2D representation denoted as latent space to support understanding of complex clinical data. In this output, meaningful representations of individual patient profiles are spatially mapped in an unsupervised manner according to their input clinical parameters. This technique was then applied to a large real-world clinical dataset of over 12,000 patients with an illness compatible with dengue infection in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam between 1999 and 2021. Dengue is a systemic viral disease which exerts significant health and economic burden worldwide, and up to 5% of hospitalised patients develop life-threatening complications.ResultsThe latent space produced by the selected autoencoder aligns with established clinical characteristics exhibited by patients with dengue infection, as well as features of disease progression. Similar clinical phenotypes are represented close to each other in the latent space and clustered according to outcomes broadly described by the World Health Organisation dengue guidelines. Balancing distance metrics and density metrics produced results covering most of the latent space, and improved visualisation whilst preserving utility, with similar patients grouped closer together. In this case, this balance is achieved by using the sigmoid activation function and one hidden layer with three neurons, in addition to the latent dimension layer, which produces the output (Pearson, 0.840; Spearman, 0.830; Procrustes, 0.301; GMM 0.321).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that when adequately configured, autoencoders can produce two-dimensional representations of a complex dataset that conserve the distance relationship between points. The output visualisation groups patients with clinically relevant features closely together and inherently supports user interpretability. Work is underway to incorporate these findings into an electronic clinical decision support system to guide individual patient management.

Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium are two common types of sexually transmitted infections. However, currently in Vietnam, there is no report on the rate of patients infected by the two types of bacteria. In this study, there were 6194 patients visiting the STI clinic of the HCMC Hospital of Dermato-Venereology, Vietnam, from 2016 to 2019. The results show that the proportion of patients positive with CT and MG is independent on time. The infection rate is mainly at the age of 21 - 30 (53.4%). The CT infection rate in female and male is equal (17.3% vs 17.4%) while the rate of MG in female is lower (5.1% vs 7, 8%). The rate of patients co-infected with either CT or MG is 4.5%, 17% and 5.7% respectively, time independence. This study may give better understandings of the epidemiological characteristics of MG and CT in Vietnam.

Cryobank hay cryoconservation of animal genetic resource là ngân hàng lưu trữ tế bào động vật trong điều kiện đông lạnh. Một trong những bước quan trọng trong quy trình của cryobank là nguồn tế bào được thu nhận từ vật nuôi đã được sàng lọc các mầm bệnh trước lưu trữ ở nhiệt độ -196°C. Chăn nuôi Việt Nam hiện đang đối mặt với các dịch bệnh trên đàn gia súc gia cầm nên nhu cầu về con giống sạch bệnh, có năng suất cao trở nên rất cấp thiết. Cryobank cùng với kỹ thuật công nghệ sinh học sinh sản sản xuất hàng loạt con giống sạch bệnh, đáp ứng nhanh cho thị trường đã được áp dụng rộng rãi ở các nước phát triển. Bài viết tập trung phân tích những thách thức từ dịch bệnh của ngành chăn nuôi, tổng hợp những phương pháp sản xuất con giống sạch bệnh từ cryobank và công nghệ sinh học sinh sản trên thế giới và cung cấp những quy trình cơ bản trong đông lạnh tinh trùng động vật nuôi.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating linseed oil and fish oil in the diet on intake, ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy goats. Four crossbred Saanen lactating goats in mid-lactation and milking 1.30 ± 0.28 g/day were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The basal diet contained concentrate and Para grass (C:F 40:60). Treatments included a basal diet without oil supplementation (Ctrl) or with 2.5% linseed oil (LO2.5), 2.5% linseed oil and fish oil (3:2, w/w, LFO2.5), and 4.16% linseed oil and fish oil (3:2, w/w, LFO4.16). Diets had no effect on intake, milk yield, milk composition, or ruminal fermentation (p > 0.05). Compared with Ctrl, lower (p < 0.05) proportions of C10:0–C14:0 in milk fat were observed with LFO4.16. Compared with the Ctrl and linseed oil added alone, feeding LFO4.16 led to a greater (p < 0.01) concentration of C18:1 t11. Compared with both the Ctrl and LO2.5 diets, milk c9,t11 CLA was 4.53 and 2.94 times greater with the LFO4.16 diet. Compared with Ctrl and LO2.5 diets (0.06% and 0.08%), goats fed LFO2.5, and LFO4.16 had greater (p < 0.001) concentrations of C22:6n-3 (0.63% and 0.87%). Overall, the combined data suggested that including 4.16% linseed oil and fish oil in the diet of dairy goats was effective in improving the concentrations of health-promoting fatty acids in milk without affecting milk production.

Mục tiêu đề tài nhằm đánh giá năng suất, thành phần sữa, tình trạng dinh dưỡng và đề xuất khẩu phần (KP) điều chỉnh phù hợp cho bò sữa nuôi tại nông hộ ở thành phố Cần Thơ. Khảo sát được tiến hành trên 35 hộ, trong đó chọn 10 hộ để lấy mẫu. Kết quả cho thấy đàn bò thuộc giống lai HF, từ F2 trở lên, năng suất sữa 13,2 kg/ngày và tỉ lệ mỡ sữa cao (4,03-4,84%), nhưng biến động lớn giữa các cá thể bò và nông hộ. Bò tiêu thụ lượng DM, CP và NEL, lần lượt là 15,4 kg/ngày, 2,38 kg/ngày và 19,7 MCal/ngày. Chi phí thức ăn của bò còn khá cao (73.254 VND/ngày). Sáu KP điều chỉnh đáp ứng nhu cầu dinh dưỡng cho bò sữa theo tiêu chuẩn của NRC năm 2001 và giảm 7,17-20,8% chi phí thức ăn. Kết luận, đàn bò có năng suất và chất lượng sữa khá tốt, tiêu thụ dưỡng chất đáp ứng nhu cầu, nhưng chi phí thức ăn còn tương đối cao. Các KP điều chỉnh được áp dụng có thể giúp ổn định tốt năng suất, chất lượng sữa và giảm chi phí thức ăn.

Thí nghiệm được tiến hành nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của việc sử dụng lá mít (LM) và trái mít non phụ phẩm (TM) thay thế cho cỏ voi (CV) đến tỷ lệ tiêu hoá, lên men dạ cỏ và sinh khí methane (CH4) in vitro sử dụng dịch dạ cỏ từ 4 con dê đực lai Saanen F2 (♂ Saanen × ♀ Bách Thảo). Thí nghiệm được thiết kế theo mô hình hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên gồm 5 nghiệm thức (NT) và 4 lần lặp lại. Ở tất cả các NT, thức ăn hỗn hợp được cố định ở mức 40% DM. Năm NT thí nghiệm được xây dựng từ sự thay thế LM và/hoặc TM cho CV trong khẩu phần, cụ thể như sau: 60% CV (NT1), 30% CV + 30% TM (NT2), 30% CV + 30% LM (NT3), 30% CV + 15% TM + 15% LM (NT4), và 30% TM + 30% LM (NT5). Kết quả cho thấy acid béo bay hơi (VFA) tổng số thấp nhất ở NT1 (57,7%) và cao hơn ở NT3 (73,0%) và NT5 (74,8%) (P

Đề tài được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá hiện trạng cơ cấu đàn, năng suất và thành phần sữa của đàn bò sữa tại trại bò sữa Farm Milk Cần Thơ. Tổng đàn của trại hiện có 408 con, khảo sát tập trung vào nhóm bò đang cho sữa. Bò cho sữa tại trại được chia thành hai nhóm là: A (≥15 kg sữa/ngày) và B (

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on skeletal muscle mRNA abundance during the periparturient period. Sixty multiparous Holstein cows were used in a block design and assigned to either a control or RPM diet. The RPM was supplied from −28 to 60 days in milk (DIM) at a rate of 0.09% (prepartum) or 0.10% (postpartum) of dry matter (DM), ensuring a Lys:Met in the metabolizable protein of ~2.8:1. Muscle biopsies were collected at −21, 1, and 21 DIM. Thirty-five target genes associated with nutrient metabolism and biochemical pathways were measured via RT-qPCR. The mRNA abundance of genes associated with amino acid (AA) transport (SLC7A8, SLC43A2), carnitine transport (SLC22A5), insulin signaling (IRS1), and antioxidant response (NFE2L2) had diet × time effect (p < 0.05) due to greater abundance in RPM versus CON cows, especially at 1 and 21 DIM. Members of the AA transport (SLC7A8, SLC25A29, SCL38A9), fatty acid β-oxidation (ACADVL), vitamin transport (SLC5A6, SLC19A2), mTOR pathway (AKT1 and mTOR), antioxidant response (KEAP1, CUL3), CDP-Choline pathway and arginine metabolism had overall greater abundance (p < 0.05) in RPM versus CON cows. Overall, data indicate that RPM can alter nutrient metabolism in the skeletal muscle around parturition partly through alterations in mRNA abundance.

Tế bào gốc từ mỡ có khả năng điều hòa miễn dịch và biệt hóa thành các tế bào chuyên hóa nhằm sửa chữa các cơ quan tổn thương của cơ thể. Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá tác động của tế bào từ mỡ đến quá trình làm lành vết thương ở chuột Swiss. Sau khi gây loét, 15 con chuột được chia ngẫu nhiên thành 3 nhóm, tiêm NaCl, tiêm 1×106 tế bào gốc đơn nhân từ mỡ và tiêm 1×106 tế bào gốc trung mô từ mỡ. Tất cả các nhóm đều tiêm vào tĩnh mạch đuôi của chuột, theo dõi liên tục trong 13 ngày và đánh giá khả năng làm lành vết thương thông qua hình thái vết thương và giải phẫu mô học. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, nhóm chuột ghép tế bào làm lành vết thương nhanh hơn so với nhóm đối chứng, ở nhóm ghép ADSCs, vết thương làm lành nhanh nhất và lành hoàn toàn sau 9 ngày ghép. Kết luận, tế bào gốc từ mỡ có ý nghĩa quan trọng trong điều trị vết thương, đặc biệt là tế bào gốc trung mô từ mỡ có khả năng làm lành vết thương nhanh và không tạo sẹo.

Objective To evaluate changes in awareness of maternal sepsis among healthcare providers resulting from the WHO Global Maternal Sepsis Study (GLOSS) awareness campaign.Design Independent sample precampaign/postcampaign through online and paper-based surveys available for over 30 days before campaign roll-out (pre) and after study data collection (post). Descriptive statistics were used for campaign recognition and exposure, and odds ratio (OR) and percentage change were calculated for differences in awareness, adjusting for confounders using multivariate logistic regression.Setting and participants Healthcare providers from 398 participating facilities in 46 low, middle and high-income countries.Intervention An awareness campaign to accompany GLOSS launched 3 weeks prior to data collection and lasting the entire study period (28 November 2017 to 15 January 2018) and beyond.Main outcome measures Campaign recognition and exposure, and changes in awareness.Results A total of 2188 surveys were analysed: 1155 at baseline and 1033 at postcampaign. Most survey respondents found the campaign materials helpful (94%), that they helped increase awareness (90%) and that they helped motivate to act differently (88%). There were significant changes with regard to: not having heard of maternal sepsis (−63.4% change, pre-OR/post-OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.68) and perception of confidence in making the right decisions with regard to maternal sepsis identification and management (7.3% change, pre-OR/post-OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.06).Conclusions Awareness raising campaigns can contribute to an increase in having heard of maternal sepsis and an increase in provider perception of confidence in making correct decisions. Offering the information to make accurate and timely decisions while promoting environments that enable self-confidence and support could improve maternal sepsis identification and management.

Purpose: To report on a case of a young female with progressing dry eye symptoms and evolving autoimmune markers consistent with a presentation of early Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Observations: A 32 year-old female presented with chronic dry eye symptoms refractory to artificial tears. Slit lamp examination revealed punctate epithelial erosions, decreased tear break-up time, and decreased tear lake bilaterally. Initial tests for ocular surface inflammation (InflammaDry, Quidel, San Diego) and systemic autoantibodies (antinuclear antibodies, anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La) were negative. After 4 months of persistent ocular symptoms and signs, ocular surface inflammation was detected via InflammaDry and blood results included a positive antinuclear antibody (1:160), rheumatoid factor (IgG 25.3 EU/ml), and carbonic anhydrase 6 (IgM 20.2 EU/ml), but persistently negative anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies. Conclusions and importance: Taken together, these findings were suggestive of early Sjogren's syndrome with simultaneous appearance of both ocular and serum biomarkers. Novel autoantibodies testing in suspected patients can guide early intervention and potentially improve both the glandular and extra-glandular function in patients.

Background: Dengue is a common mosquito-borne, with high morbidity rates recorded in the annual. Dengue contributes to a major disease burden in many tropical countries. This demonstrates the urgent need in developing effective approaches to identify severe cases early. For this purpose, many multivariable prognostic models using multiple prognostic variables were developed to predict the risk of progression to severe outcomes. The aim of the planned systematic review is to identify and describe the existing clinical multivariable prognostic models for severe dengue as well as examine the possibility of combining them. These findings will suggest directions for further research of this field. Methods: This protocol has followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta – Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P). We will conduct a comprehensive search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria include being published in peer-review journals, focusing on human subjects and developing the multivariable prognostic model for severe dengue, without any restriction on language, location and period of publication, and study design. The reference list will be captured and removed from duplications. We will use the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist to extract data and Prediction study risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST) to assess the study quality. Discussion: This systematic review will describe the existing prediction models, summarize the current status of prognostic research on dengue, and report the possibility to combine the models to optimize the power of each paradigm. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018102907

Clostridium difficile (Cd) infection (CDI) typically occurs after antibiotic usage perturbs the gut microbiota. Mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are found in the gut and their development is dependent on Major histocompatibility complex-related protein 1 (MR1) and the host microbiome. Here we were interested in determining whether the absence of MR1 impacts resistance to CDI. To this end, wild-type (WT) and MR1-/- mice were treated with antibiotics and then infected with Cd spores. Surprisingly, MR1-/- mice exhibited resistance to Cd colonization. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of feces revealed inherent differences in microbial composition. This colonization resistance was transferred from MR1-/- to WT mice via fecal microbiota transplantation, suggesting that MR1-dependent factors influence the microbiota, leading to CDI susceptibility.

Abstract. In this article, a study on multi-objective optimization of the milling process is presented. CNC milling machine, cutting tool as TiAlN, experimental material as SCM400 steel and coolant as Caltex Aquatex 3180 oil have been used in the experiment. The objective of this study is to simultaneously ensure the minimum surface roughness and the maximum material removal rate (MRR). Taguchi method has been applied to design an experimental matrix with five input parameters, including coolant flow, coolant pressure, cutting velocity, feed rate, and cutting depth. Analysis of experimental results by Pareto chart has determined the effect of input parameters on output parameters. Moora method has been applied to determine the values of input parameters to simultaneously ensure the two criteria as mentioned above. Finally, the direction for further research has also been recommended in this study

This paper introduces a study on multi-objective optimization of dressing parameters in internal grinding of SKD 11 tool steel using Grey based Taguchi method. The L27 orthogonal array of the Taguchi method was selected to design the experiments. The input parameters of the dressing process are the depth of fine, the time of fine dressing, the depth of coarse dressing, the time of coarse dressing, non-feeding dressing, and dressing feed rate. The output factors are surface roughness (SR) and material removal rate (MRR). A grey relation grade was determined by using the signal-to-noise ratio. The ANOVA was applied to find out the effect of input factors on the grey relation grade. In conclusion, the fine dressing times is the parameter that has the strongest impact on multiple performance characteristics, followed by the coarse dressing times. Also, the optimum dressing parameters to get minimum SR and maximum MRR is the depth of coarse dressing of 0.03mm, the time of coarse dressing of 2 times, the depth of fine dressing of 0.01 mm, the time of fine dressing of 2 times, non-feeding dressing of 2 times, and dressing feed rate of 1.2mm/min.

To evaluate the effects of feeding linseed oil or/and sunflower oil mixed with fish oil on milk yield, milk composition and fatty acid (FA) profiles of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet, 24 crossbred primiparous lactating dairy cows in early lactation were assigned to a completely randomized design experiment. All cows were fed a high-concentrate basal diet and 0.38 kg dry matter (DM) molasses per day. Treatments were composed of a basal diet without oil supplement (Control), or diets of (DM basis) 3% linseed and fish oils (1:1, w/w, LSO-FO), or 3% sunflower and fish oils (1:1, w/w, SFO-FO), or 3% mixture (1:1:1, w/w) of linseed, sunflower, and fish oils (MIX-O). The animals fed SFO-FO had a 13.12% decrease in total dry matter intake compared with the control diet (p

The aims of this study were to determine the effects of feeding medium-roasted soybean meal (SBM) and corn dried distiller’s grains with solubles (CDDGS) in dairy cows on milk production and income over feed costs. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with 24 crossbred multiparous Holstein Friesian dairy cows in early- and mid-lactation. Four dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet without feed substitute (Control), 7.17% dry matter (DM) roasted SBM replaced for concentrate (R-SBM), 11.50% DM CDDGS replaced for concentrate (DDGS), and 3.58% DM roasted SBM plus 5.75% DM CDDGS replaced for concentrate (SB-DG). The roasted SBM was produced using a medium-heated treatment at 100°C for 180 min. Dry matter intake was not affected by feeding high rumen undegradable protein (RUP) sources, but the replacement of roasted SBM and CDDGS for concentrate significantly improved (p0.05), whereas milk yield was significantly increased by 3.08 kg/d in the SB-DG group relative to the control group (p

Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are commonly caused by pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci; however, other microbial etiologies and specific risk factors are increasingly recognized. Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is part of the normal oral flora in many animals, and is particularly common in dogs and cats. PJIs caused by P multocida have been reported only rarely in the literature and typically occur in the context of an animal bite or scratch. The present article describes a P multocida joint infection that occurred after a dog lick and complicated a two-stage revision arthroplasty. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding P multocida PJIs follows.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of linseed oil or whole linseed supplementation on performance and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. Thirty six Holstein Friesian crossbred lactating dairy cows were blocked by milking days first and then stratified random balanced for milk yields and body weight into three groups of 12 cows each. The treatments consisted of basal ration (53:47; forage:concentrate ratio, on a dry matter [DM] basis, respectively) supplemented with 300 g/d of palm oil as a positive control diet (PO), or supplemented with 300 g/d of linseed oil (LSO), or supplemented with 688 g/d of top-dressed whole linseed (WLS). All cows were received ad libitum grass silage and individually fed according to the treatments. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks including the first 2 weeks as the adjustment period, followed by 8 weeks of measurement period. The results showed that LSO and WLS supplementation had no effects on total dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, and live weight change; however, the animals fed WLS had higher crude protein (CP) intake than those fed PO and LSO (p

This paper extends a numerical procedure for limit analysis based on extended finite element method (XFEM) and second-order cone programming (SOCP) to plane strain cracked structures. The cracked structures are easily modelled and simulated using XFEM because it allows discontinuities across elements, and these discontinuities are recognized by means of level set method. The resulting discretization formulation is then cast in a form which involves second-order cone constraints, ensuring that the underlying optimization problem can be solved by highly efficient primal-dual interior point algorithm. The efficiency of the present approach is illustrated by examing several numerical examples.

We evaluated the effectiveness of diode laser trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in nine patients having raised IOP following use of silicone oil (SO) for retinal detachment (RD) surgery in a retrospective observational case series. Diode laser TSCPC was applied at a power setting of 1.75 to 2.5 watts, for two sec with a maximum of 30 applications. The patients were followed up for 40 to 312 weeks. The mean pre-laser IOP was 32.06 mm Hg (SD 7.32). The mean post-laser IOP at one month, three months and six months was 17.89 mm Hg (SD 8.23), 21.89 mm Hg (SD 8.16) and 21.67 mm Hg (SD 7.55) respectively. The final IOP (at the last follow-up) was 19.56 mm Hg (SD 7.85) (P=0.021). Seven of them had undergone SO removal. In our observation, effectiveness of TSCPC in long-term control of SO-induced ocular hypertension was limited as compared to short-term control of IOP.

The title compound, C12H8N2·2B(OH)3, is best described as a host–guest complex in which the B(OH)3 molecules form a hydrogen-bonded cyclic network of layers parallel to the ab plane into which the 1,10-phenanthroline molecules are bound. An extensive network of hydrogen bonds are responsible for the crystal stability. No π-stacking interactions occur between the 1,10-phenanthroline molecules.

Abstract Background Danshen-Gegen decoction (DG), a Chinese herbal formula, has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of coronary heart disease such as myocardial infarction. In the present study, we investigated the effect of DG post-conditioning on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury in rats. Methods ISO was injected intraperitoneally (200 mg/kg) to induce acute (2-6 hours) myocardial injury in adult female rats. DG (4 g/kg) was administered per oral immediately after the injection of ISO in the rats. Extent of myocardial injury was assessed by measurements of plasma enzyme activities. Myocardial mitochondrial glutathione antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial calcium ion loading and cytochrome c release were also measured. Effects of inhibitors of protein kinase C-epsilon (PKCε) ranslocation and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mKATP) on myocardial post-conditioning by DG were investigated. Results ISO inflicted acute myocardial injury in the rats as evidenced by increased plasma enzyme activities. DG post-treatment alleviated the ISO-induced acute myocardial injury. Conclusion DG post-treatment protected the myocardium against ISO-induced acute injury in rats. The myocardial post-conditioning by DG is likely mediated by PKCε/mKATP signaling pathway.

Background: Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) at higher target doses reduce the risk of death in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Less is known about their effectiveness in octogenarians, the examination of which was the objective of this study., Methods: Of 32,964 Veterans ≥80 years with HFrEF (ejection fraction ≤40%) receiving RASIs, 6655 received target-dose. Using propensity scores for target-dose, calculated for each of 32,964 patients, we assembled a matched cohort of 13,284 patients balanced on 66 baseline characteristics. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for 5-year mortality and kidney failure associated with target (vs. below-target) dose RASI were estimated in the matched cohort. Kidney failure was defined as receipt of kidney replacement therapy or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <15 mL/min/1.73m 2 measured twice >30 days apart., Results: Patients had mean(±SD) age 84.5(±3.4) years, EF 31.3(±8.2) %, and eGFR 58.5(±18.2) mL/min/1.73m 2 . All-cause mortality occurred in 71.2% and 69.5% of matched patients in below-target and target dose RASI groups, respectively (HR associated with target-dose RASI, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99; p=0.009). Respective rates for kidney failure were 1.8% and 1.5%, with a trend toward a lower risk in the target-dose group (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.61-1.04; p=0.094). Consequently, there was a lower risk of the composite endpoint of kidney failure or death (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.98; p=0.004)., Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that in octogenarians with HFrEF, the use of RASIs in higher target (vs. below-target) doses was associated with lower risks of death and kidney failure., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Dr Fonarow reports consulting for Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Cytokinetics, Eli Lilly, Johnson&Johnson, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, and Pfizer. None of the other authors have any disclosures related to this work., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: National heart failure guidelines recommend quadruple therapy with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), most of whom also receive loop diuretics. However, the guidelines are less clear about the safe approaches to discontinuing older drugs whose decreasing or residual benefit is less well understood. The objective of this study was to examine whether digoxin can be safely discontinued in patients with HFrEF receiving beta-blockers., Methods: In OPTIMIZE-HF, of 2477 patients with HFrEF (EF ≤45%) receiving beta-blockers and digoxin, digoxin was discontinued in 450 patients. We assembled a propensity score-matched cohort of 433 pairs of patients in which digoxin continuation vs. discontinuation groups were balanced on 51 baseline characteristics. Using the same approach, from 992 patients not on beta-blockers, we assembled a matched cohort of 198 pairs of patients also balanced on 51 baseline characteristics. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for 1-year outcomes were estimated., Results: Among patients receiving beta-blockers, digoxin discontinuation had no association with the combined endpoint of heart failure readmission or death (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.85-1.19), heart failure readmission (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.85-1.25) or death (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.72-1.14). Respective HRs (95% CIs) among patients not receiving beta-blockers were 1.60 (1.25-2.04), 1.62 (1.18-2.22) and 1.43 (1.08-1.89)., Conclusions: Digoxin can be discontinued without increasing the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with HFrEF receiving beta-blockers. Future studies need to examine the residual benefit of older heart failure drugs to ensure their safe discontinuation in patients with HFrEF receiving newer guideline-directed medical therapy., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Children and adolescents exposed to severe stressors exhibit poorer health across the lifespan. However, decades of research evaluating the Stress-Buffering model suggests that social support can attenuate stressors' negative impacts. Psychoneuroimmunology research in this area has shifted from asking whether support buffers stress to when and why support would succeed (or fail) to confer protection. This article takes a lifecourse perspective and proposes that timing of support may shape support's protective value by defining the type of protection that is provided and its operating mechanisms. Specifically, it considers three temporal scenarios: support that occurs during, after, or before stressor exposure. When support intervenes at the same developmental stage as the stressor (concurrent support), buffering effects occur wherein support prevents the development of intermediary mechanisms that reflect or increase disease risk; when support is present at a developmental stage before stressor exposure (prior support), banking effects occur such that support intervenes indirectly by fortifying the individual with resilience-promoting characteristics that in turn prevents the development of intermediary mechanisms; finally, when support arrives at a developmental stage after stressor exposure (later support), counteracting effects occur such that support offsets the impacts of intermediary mechanisms on diseases. It further posits that a match between timing of support and the linkage of interest (e.g., the stressor-mechanism path vs. the mechanism-disease path) is necessary for successful protection. The present paper discusses these postulations, reviews nascent evidence, and proposes future directions., Competing Interests: The author has no conflicts of interest to disclose., (© 2024 The Author.)

Introduction: This cross-sectional survey research investigated mental health symptoms and quality of life among Chinese parents and their children with eczema at a paediatric dermatology clinic in Hong Kong from November 2018 to October 2020., Methods: Health-related quality of life, eczema severity, and mental health among children with eczema, as well as their parents' mental health, were studied using the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI), Infants' Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (IDQOL), Nottingham Eczema Severity Score (NESS), Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), and the Chinese version of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21)., Results: In total, 432 children and 380 parents were recruited. Eczema severity (NESS and POEM) and health-related quality of life (CDLQI) were significantly positively associated with parental and child depression, anxiety, and stress levels according to the DASS-21, regardless of sex (children: r=0.28- 0.72, P<0.001 to 0.007; parents: r=0.20-0.52, P<0.001 to 0.034). Maternal depression was marginally positively associated with increased anxiety in boys with eczema (r=0.311; P=0.045). Younger parents had higher risk of developing more anxiety and stress compared with the older parents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=-0.342, P=0.014 and aOR=-0.395, P=0.019, respectively). Depression level of parents with primary to secondary education was 58% higher than their counterparts with post-secondary education or above (aOR=-1.579; P=0.007)., Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress among children with eczema and their parents were associated with eczema severity and impaired quality of life in those children. These findings regarding impaired mental health in children with eczema and their parents highlight the need to include mental well-being and psychosocial outcomes in future studies and clinical practice., Competing Interests: As an editor of the journal, KL Hon was not involved in the peer review process. Other authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with no definitive diagnostic tests. HF registries are often based on manual reviews of medical records of hospitalized HF patients identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. However, most HF patients are not hospitalized, and manual review of big electronic health record (EHR) data is not practical. The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has the largest integrated healthcare system in the nation, and an estimated 1.5 million patients have ICD codes for HF (HF ICD-code universe) in their VA EHR. The objective of our study was to develop artificial intelligence (AI) models to phenotype HF in these patients., Methods and Results: The model development cohort (n = 20 000: training, 16 000; validation 2000; testing, 2000) included 10 000 patients with HF and 10 000 without HF who were matched by age, sex, race, inpatient/outpatient status, hospital, and encounter date (within 60 days). HF status was ascertained by manual chart reviews in VA's External Peer Review Program for HF (EPRP-HF) and non-HF status was ascertained by the absence of ICD codes for HF in VA EHR. Two clinicians annotated 1000 random snippets with HF-related keywords and labelled 436 as HF, which was then used to train and test a natural language processing (NLP) model to classify HF (positive predictive value or PPV, 0.81; sensitivity, 0.77). A machine learning (ML) model using linear support vector machine architecture was trained and tested to classify HF using EPRP-HF as cases (PPV, 0.86; sensitivity, 0.86). From the 'HF ICD-code universe', we randomly selected 200 patients (gold standard cohort) and two clinicians manually adjudicated HF (gold standard HF) in 145 of those patients by chart reviews. We calculated NLP, ML, and NLP + ML scores and used weighted F scores to derive their optimal threshold values for HF classification, which resulted in PPVs of 0.83, 0.77, and 0.85 and sensitivities of 0.86, 0.88, and 0.83, respectively. HF patients classified by the NLP + ML model were characteristically and prognostically similar to those with gold standard HF. All three models performed better than ICD code approaches: one principal hospital discharge diagnosis code for HF (PPV, 0.97; sensitivity, 0.21) or two primary outpatient encounter diagnosis codes for HF (PPV, 0.88; sensitivity, 0.54)., Conclusions: These findings suggest that NLP and ML models are efficient AI tools to phenotype HF in big EHR data to create contemporary HF registries for clinical studies of effectiveness, quality improvement, and hypothesis generation., (© 2024 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.)

Objective: Obesity is one of the most prominent health issues in modern society. Although previous research has identified chronic psychological stress as a risk factor for obesity, much of this research only examined how an individual's own stress affects their adiposity. The current study utilized an actor-partner interdependence model to examine the unique associations of youths' and parents' chronic stress with both their own and each other's adiposity., Method: Five hundred sixty-nine dyads of youths (48.7% females, 49.9% Whites, M age = 13.70 years) and one of their parents (82.6% females, 58.2% Whites, M age = 45.38 years) participated in a cross-sectional lab study, where both youths and parents completed interviews and anthropometric measurements. Trained interviewers conducted the UCLA Life Stress Interview to assess chronic psychological stress of youths and parents, respectively. Youth and parent adiposity was measured using three indicators, including body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage., Results: The actor-partner interdependence model showed that when both youths' and parents' chronic stress were included simultaneously in the model, youths' chronic stress was uniquely associated with both their own and their parents' adiposity, and parents' chronic stress was also uniquely associated with youths' adiposity., Conclusion: Chronic psychological stress of youths and parents is uniquely associated with each other's adiposity, over and above their own stress. Thus, the psychosocial experiences of close others can be linked to both youth and adult obesity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The social category of race plays an important role in how people navigate their identities and social worlds, especially in societies where racial injustice is salient. The present study considers the racial identity experiences of Multiracial and monoracial Black adults in the United States during a race-salient moment: the 2020 Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. Using survey data collected in the fall of 2020, our study seeks to understand racial identity and activism experiences among age-diverse monoracial and Multiracial Black people during BLM 2020., Method: Participants were 183 Black adults in the United States (73 Multiracial, 110 monoracial). Regressions were conducted to examine (a) how identity exploration and commitment differed by age and by Multiracial status during a time of heightened racial salience, and (b) how identity exploration and commitment was associated with BLM engagement., Results: We found that Multiracial and monoracial individuals engage with racial identity differently across age groups, reflecting their different relationships with dominant societal narratives of race. We also found positive associations between racial identity and BLM engagement regardless of participants' Multiracial status or age., Conclusions: While our findings did underscore several commonalities across Multiracial and monoracial Black people, they also indicated a need to revisit the relevance of established (mono)racial identity development models for Multiracial individuals, especially outside of adolescence and young adulthood. Revisiting previous models is critical to engage with the m(ai)cro process of racial identity and how the cultural context of anti-Blackness and monoracism shapes individual development across the life course. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Background: Although sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are a common complication after durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, the incidence, risk factors, and prognostic implications of postoperative early VAs (EVAs) in contemporary patients with LVAD are poorly understood., Methods and Results: A single-center retrospective analysis was performed of patients who underwent LVAD implantation from October 1, 2006, to October 1, 2022. EVA was defined as an episode of sustained VA identified ≤30 days after LVAD implantation. A total of 789 patients underwent LVAD implantation (mean age 62.9 ± 0. years 5, HeartMate 3 41.4%, destination therapy 43.3%). EVAs occurred in 100 patients (12.7%). A history of end-stage renal disease (odds ratio [OR] 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-21.70), preoperative electrical storm (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.11-7.16), and appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator therapy before implantation (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.26-6.19) are independently associated with EVAs. EVA was associated with decreased 30-day survival (hazard ratio 3.02, 95% CI 1.1-8.3, P = .032). There was no difference in transplant-free survival time between patients with and without EVAs (hazard ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.5-1.4, P = .454)., Conclusions: EVAs are common after durable LVAD implantation and are associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST Farooq H. Sheikh reports institutional research support and honorarium for speaking at educational conferences from Abbott. No company or agency had any role in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)