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Background: Whether menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) increases the risk of skin cancer is controversial.Aim: To systematically review and meta-analyze evidence regarding the association of MHT with the risk of melanoma and keratinocyte cancer (KC).Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted of the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases, through to 30 October 2021. Skin neoplasms were divided into melanoma and KC. In the latter category, both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were considered. The results are presented as hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). The I2 index was used to assess heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted in order to explore potential differences among studies.Results: Twenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative and 23 in the quantitative analysis, with a total of 2,612,712 menopausal women (25,126 with skin cancer; 20,150 with melanoma). MHT was associated with an increased risk of melanoma (HR 1.11; 95 % CI 1.05-1.19; I2 45%). With regard to MHT type, both estrogen monotherapy (HR 1.22, 95 % CI 1.16-1.29; I2 0%) and estrogen in combination with progestogen (HR 1.11, 95 % CI 1.05-1.18, I2 26%) significantly increased that risk. Regarding melanoma subtype, superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) were the only histologic subtypes associated with MHT use. MHT was also associated with an increased risk of KC (HR 1.17, 95 % CI 1.04-1.31, I2 83%), specifically BCC (HR 1.22, 95 % CI 1.12-1.32; I2 29%). Longer duration (>5 years) of MHT, current use and estrogen monotherapy were associated with an increased KC risk compared with no use.Conclusion: The use of MHT by postmenopausal women was associated with an increased risk of melanoma and KC. This risk was higher for current MHT users and those treated for over 5 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the dermoscopic features of condyloma lata (CL), a manifestation of secondary syphilis. The study compared the dermoscopic features of CL with clinically similar conditions, such as HPV-related genital warts, Bowenoid papulosis lesions, and pemphigus vegetans lesions. The most common dermoscopic features of CL included follicular plugs and dotted vessels. The study concludes that dermoscopy, along with clinical and anamnestic data, can help increase suspicion of CL and facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment of syphilis. However, the study has limitations, such as a small sample size and lack of histopathological examination. [Extracted from the article]

Medulloblastomas, highly aggressive neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) that present significant heterogeneity in clinical presentation, disease course, and treatment outcomes, are common in childhood. Moreover, patients who survive may be diagnosed with subsequent malignancies during their life or could develop treatment-related medical conditions. Genetic and transcriptomic studies have classified MBs into four subgroups: wingless type (WNT), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4, with distinct histological and molecular profiles. However, recent molecular findings resulted in the WHO updating their guidelines and stratifying medulloblastomas into further molecular subgroups, changing the clinical stratification and treatment management. In this review, we discuss most of the histological, clinical, and molecular prognostic factors, as well the feasibility of their application, for better characterization, prognostication, and treatment of medulloblastomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I attempt to reformulate the (consumer) action and discourse, as these arise from the discourse of visitors at the biggest shopping mall in Athens. The qualitative data are derived from 20 semi-structured interviews conducted with visitors at The Mall Athens. The cultural-consumer repertoires of the participants, that is, their understanding, evaluation, and justification schemes of their consumer practices and desires, are analyzed from a constructionist point of view. The context of the ten-year-long Greek economic crisis is a promising field for the investigation of the concept, meaning, experience, and performance of consumer sovereignty. Hence, the very concept of consumer sovereignty is empirically "tested," including its different conceptualizations and performances. In particular, two repertoires of consumer sovereignty arise, namely, the power of free hedonistic choice and the morose rational prudence, while the crisis critically mediates and raises issues of (dis)continuity for these two repertoires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the processes that the largest shopping mall in Athens has developed in order to produce meaning about itself as an institution of consumption, as well as the consumer experience and practices, and its visitors–consumers. From a poststructuralist perspective, we analyze the signifying articulations that the promotional discourse attempts, along with the linguistic and visual techniques which activate specific significations about this microcosm of consumption, the "fun" experience, fashion, beauty, shopping and entertainment practices, eating out, and the consumer subjectivity. The ultimate aim of this research is to point out the cultural role of such an institution with regard to the configuration of an order of discourse about consumption and the reproduction of the consumerist ethos during an economic crisis, as well as the possible effects that such a discourse might have on a wider cultural level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spitzoid melanocytic lesions characterized by spindle and/or epithelioid tumour cells can occur anywhere on the skin but the acral presentation of Spitz naevus is very rare and comprises about <4% of all Spitz naevi. However, data regarding their dermatoscopic features on the acral volar skin are scarce. Herein, 11 cases of acral Spitz naevus involving the glabrous skin with predominant dermatoscopic findings of atypical fibrillar pattern in non‐pressure bearing areas, a structureless pigmentation involving both the furrows and the ridges are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) adversely affect postmenopausal quality of life. However, their association with bone health has not been elucidated. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence regarding the association of VMS with fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD) in peri- and postmenopausal women.A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases until 31 August 2023. Fracture, low BMD (osteoporosis/osteopenia) and mean change in lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD were assessed. The results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD), respectively, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The I2 index quantified heterogeneity.Twenty studies were included in the qualitative and 12 in the quantitative analysis (n=49,659). No difference in fractures between women with and without VMS was found (n=5, OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93–1.16, I2 16%). However, VMS were associated with low BMD (n=5, OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.42–1.67, I2 0%). This difference was evident for LS (MD -0.019 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.03 to -0.008, I2 85.2%), but not for FN BMD (MD -0.010 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.021 to 0.001, I2 78.2%). These results were independent of VMS severity, age and study design. When the analysis was confined to studies that excluded menopausal hormone therapy use, the association with BMD remained significant.The presence of VMS is associated with low BMD in postmenopausal women, although it does not seem to increase fracture risk.Methods: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) adversely affect postmenopausal quality of life. However, their association with bone health has not been elucidated. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence regarding the association of VMS with fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD) in peri- and postmenopausal women.A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases until 31 August 2023. Fracture, low BMD (osteoporosis/osteopenia) and mean change in lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD were assessed. The results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD), respectively, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The I2 index quantified heterogeneity.Twenty studies were included in the qualitative and 12 in the quantitative analysis (n=49,659). No difference in fractures between women with and without VMS was found (n=5, OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93–1.16, I2 16%). However, VMS were associated with low BMD (n=5, OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.42–1.67, I2 0%). This difference was evident for LS (MD -0.019 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.03 to -0.008, I2 85.2%), but not for FN BMD (MD -0.010 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.021 to 0.001, I2 78.2%). These results were independent of VMS severity, age and study design. When the analysis was confined to studies that excluded menopausal hormone therapy use, the association with BMD remained significant.The presence of VMS is associated with low BMD in postmenopausal women, although it does not seem to increase fracture risk.Results: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) adversely affect postmenopausal quality of life. However, their association with bone health has not been elucidated. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence regarding the association of VMS with fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD) in peri- and postmenopausal women.A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases until 31 August 2023. Fracture, low BMD (osteoporosis/osteopenia) and mean change in lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD were assessed. The results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD), respectively, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The I2 index quantified heterogeneity.Twenty studies were included in the qualitative and 12 in the quantitative analysis (n=49,659). No difference in fractures between women with and without VMS was found (n=5, OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93–1.16, I2 16%). However, VMS were associated with low BMD (n=5, OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.42–1.67, I2 0%). This difference was evident for LS (MD -0.019 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.03 to -0.008, I2 85.2%), but not for FN BMD (MD -0.010 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.021 to 0.001, I2 78.2%). These results were independent of VMS severity, age and study design. When the analysis was confined to studies that excluded menopausal hormone therapy use, the association with BMD remained significant.The presence of VMS is associated with low BMD in postmenopausal women, although it does not seem to increase fracture risk.Conclusions: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) adversely affect postmenopausal quality of life. However, their association with bone health has not been elucidated. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence regarding the association of VMS with fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD) in peri- and postmenopausal women.A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases until 31 August 2023. Fracture, low BMD (osteoporosis/osteopenia) and mean change in lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD were assessed. The results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD), respectively, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The I2 index quantified heterogeneity.Twenty studies were included in the qualitative and 12 in the quantitative analysis (n=49,659). No difference in fractures between women with and without VMS was found (n=5, OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93–1.16, I2 16%). However, VMS were associated with low BMD (n=5, OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.42–1.67, I2 0%). This difference was evident for LS (MD -0.019 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.03 to -0.008, I2 85.2%), but not for FN BMD (MD -0.010 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.021 to 0.001, I2 78.2%). These results were independent of VMS severity, age and study design. When the analysis was confined to studies that excluded menopausal hormone therapy use, the association with BMD remained significant.The presence of VMS is associated with low BMD in postmenopausal women, although it does not seem to increase fracture risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on exploring the morphology of vessels in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) using optical super-high magnification dermoscopy (OSHMD). It study reveals that looped vessels and arborizing vessels are more frequent in OSHMD than in standard dermoscopy, providing novel insights into the submacroscopic morphology of BCC and highlighting the potential diagnostic value of OSHMD in clinical practice.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip accounts for 20% of all oral carcinomas. Its diagnosis may be challenging because it clinically resembles actinic cheilitis and inflammatory lesions of the lips. Objectives: To determine clinical and dermatoscopic predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip vs. other lip lesions. Methods: Multicentre retrospective morphological study, including histologically confirmed cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and controls consisting of actinic cheilitis and inflammatory lesions of the lips. Clinical and dermatoscopic images were evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression respectively. Results: A total of 177 lip lesions were evaluated, 107 (60.5%) were squamous cell carcinomas and 70 (39.5%) were controls. The most frequent dermatoscopic criteria of lip squamous cell carcinoma were scales (100%), white halos (87.3%) and ulceration (79.4%). The majority of squamous cell carcinomas displayed polymorphic vessels (60.8%), with linear (68.6%) and hairpin (67.6%) being the most frequent types. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that clinical predictors of lip squamous cell carcinoma were exophytic appearance and clinical hyperkeratosis, with 43‐fold and 6‐fold higher probability respectively. White clods and ulceration in dermoscopy presented a 6‐fold and 4‐fold increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma respectively. Conclusions: A scaly lesion with exophytic growth, dermatoscopically displaying white clods, ulceration and linear and hairpin vessels is very likely a squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the correlation between the diameter and Breslow thickness of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Traditionally, the diameter has been used as a diagnostic criterion for melanoma, but new imaging techniques have challenged this approach. The study found that there is a weak correlation between diameter and Breslow thickness, suggesting that a small diameter does not necessarily indicate a low risk of invasiveness. The authors argue that using diameter as a diagnostic criterion may lead to the overlooking of invasive melanomas. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have well‐established dermatoscopic criteria that make them relatively easy to recognize on a clinical basis. However, even with the addition of dermatoscopy, a morphologic overlap between the two tumours does exist. Objectives: To analyse the dermatoscopic morphology of clinically and dermatoscopically misclassified BCCs and SCCs, to identify factors causing the erroneous clinical interpretation and, therefore, minimize the morphologic overlap between BCC and SCC. Methods: Retrospective study including histopathologically diagnosed BCCs or SCCs that had been clinically inversely diagnosed. Their dermatoscopic images were blindly evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria. Descriptive statistics were performed and univariate and multivariate predictors were calculated. Results: A total of 68 cases were included, 41 of which were BCCs and 27 SCCs. Most tumours in both groups were non‐pigmented, ulcerated and displayed a polymorphous vascular pattern. The presence of erosions was positively associated to BCC (5.2‐fold higher odds, P = 0.05), whereas scales/keratin masses were positively associated to SCC (3.7‐fold higher odds, P = 0.07), although marginally not statistically significant. Conclusions: Clinically misclassified BCCs and SCCs are usually non‐pigmented ulcerated tumours. Erosions and keratin masses/scales are more robust criteria as compared to vascular structures for the differential diagnosis between BCC and SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare epithelial tumor with a biallelic mutation involving any subunit of the SDH complex. Mostly, it has low-grade morphology and a favorable prognosis. We present a case of a 36-year-old woman with weight loss, night sweats, and symptomatic anemia. Her imaging showed a hypo-enhancing heterogeneous right renal mass with invasion of the renal vein and inferior vena cava. Microscopically, the tumor had focal low-grade areas (5%) and extensive areas with high-grade features, including rhabdoid (85%) and sarcomatoid (10%) dedifferentiation. Cytoplasmic inclusions, foci of extracellular mucin, coagulative necrosis, and inflammatory infiltrate were present. The tumor cells, including rhabdoid differentiated, were focally positive for AE1/AE3. Tumor cells showed loss of SDHB immunostaining, consistent with diagnosis. Genetics testing was recommended, but the patient expired due to metastatic carcinoma. Prior studies suggest that sarcomatoid transformation and coagulative necrosis increase the risk of metastasis by up to 70% in SDH-deficient RCC. Follow-up with surveillance for other SDH-deficient neoplasms is recommended in cases of germline mutation. Here, we report the first case of SDH-deficient RCC with concomitant rhabdoid and sarcomatoid features and a detailed review of diagnostic difficulties associated with high-grade tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1, new recurrences were observed in two out of nine patients (22.2%) that received acitretin and in five out of seven patients (71.4%) that received TCi as maintenance treatment. Acitretin was continued after TS withdrawal as maintenance treatment; (ii) a cycle of TS followed by TCi as maintenance treatment; (iii) TCi in combination with 25 mg of acitretin, both in continuous application. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is an inflammatory dermatosis, characterized by erosions, pustules and crusts.1-7 Risk factors include elderly age, actinic damage, androgenetic alopecia and preceding trauma.1-7 We retrospectively analysed data of clinically and histologically diagnosed EPDS patients, to assess disease characteristics and efficacy of different therapies and to explore various associations. .000 ht GLO:3NZ/01nov21:jdv17455-fig-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): 1 Treatment flowchart. gl After treatment cessation, 18 out of 23 patients (78.3%) experienced a recurrence/deterioration at a median time of 8 weeks (IQR = 4-12, range = 2-16). [Extracted from the article]

Background: Limited data on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐induced pruritus per se and efficacy of different therapeutic modalities in its management exist. Objective: To study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of ICI‐induced pruritus per se and to assess the efficacy of the therapeutic modalities usually applied. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 91 patients who were under treatment with ICIs for any kind of neoplasia and developed pruritus during treatment. Results: Twenty out of 91 individuals (22.0%) with ICI‐induced pruritus had pruritus as the only symptom, while 71/91 (78.0%) presented with pruritus coexisting with an additional cutaneous toxicity. Pruritus was treated with antihistamines (18/20, 90.0%) and/or topical regimens, as first‐line choice. In resistant cases, as a second therapeutic intervention, narrow‐band UVB (NBUVB), oral steroids and GABA analogs were added (70.0%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in mean pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores between baseline and sequential visits. Moreover, subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in mean NRS scores in those treated with phototherapy. Limitations: Retrospective design, low number of patients and survivorship bias. Conclusion: Pruritus per se was present in a substantial portion of our cohort (22.0%). Our study confirms the efficacy of current treatment strategies and suggests NBUVB as a potential steroid‐sparing therapeutic alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the commonest types of non-melanoma skin cancer. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment for both tumors. However, tumor features and patients' comorbidities may limit the use of these techniques, making the treatment challenging. The introduction of oral therapies targeting a pathogenetic pathway in BCC has revolutionized the therapeutic scenario. However, there are still patients unresponsive or intolerant to these drugs. In this context, cemiplimab has been approved as second-line treatment. As regards SCC, cemiplimab was the first systemic therapy approved. The objective of this manuscript was to investigate the efficacy and safety of cemiplimab for the management of BCC and cSCC. Cemiplimab has a durable and significant effect for the management of BCC and CSCC, with a favorable safety profile. Non-melanoma skin cancer includes several types of cutaneous tumors, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) as the commonest. Among the available therapeutic options, surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment for both tumors. However, tumor features and patients' comorbidities may limit the use of these techniques, making the treatment challenging. As regards BCC, even if hedgehog inhibitors revolutionized the therapeutic scenario, there are still patients unresponsive or intolerant to these drugs. In this context, cemiplimab has been approved as second-line treatment. As regards SCC, cemiplimab was the first systemic therapy approved. The objective of this manuscript was to investigate the efficacy and safety of cemiplimab for the management of BCC and cSCC. Cemiplimab has a durable and significant effect for the management of BCC and CSCC, with a favorable safety profile. Different specialists including oncologists, radiologists, dermatologists, and surgeons are required to guarantee an integrated approach, leading to the best management of patients. Moreover, the collaboration among specialists will allow them to best manage the TEAEs, reducing the risk of treatment suspension or discontinuation. Certainly, ongoing studies and more and more emerging real-world evidence, will allow us to better characterize the role of cemiplimab for the management of advanced non-melanoma skin cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thin nodular melanoma (NM) often lacks conspicuous melanoma‐specific dermatoscopic criteria and escapes clinical detection until it progresses to a thicker and more advanced tumour. Objective: To investigate the dermatoscopic morphology of thin (≤2 mm Breslow thickness) vs. thick (>2 mm) NM and to identify dermatoscopic predictors of its differential diagnosis from other nodular tumours. Methods: Retrospective, morphological case–control study, conducted on behalf of the International Dermoscopy Society. Dermatoscopic images of NM and other nodular tumours from 19 skin cancer centres worldwide were collected and analysed. Results: Overall, 254 tumours were collected (69 NM of Breslow thickness ≤2 mm, 96 NM >2 mm and 89 non‐melanoma nodular lesions). Light brown coloration (50.7%) and irregular brown dots/globules (42.0%) were most frequently observed in ≤2 mm NMs. Multivariate analysis revealed that dotted vessels (3.4‐fold), white shiny streaks (2.9‐fold) and irregular blue structureless area (2.4‐fold) were predictors for thinner NM compared to non‐melanoma nodular tumours. Overall, irregular blue structureless area (3.4‐fold), dotted vessels (4.6‐fold) and serpentine vessels (1.9‐fold) were predictors of all NM compared to non‐melanoma nodular lesions. Limitations: Absence of a centralized, consensus pathology review and cases selected form tertiary centres maybe not reflecting the broader community. Conclusions: Our study sheds light into the dermatoscopic morphology of thin NM in comparison to thicker NM and could provide useful clues for its differential diagnosis from other non‐melanoma nodular tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imiquimod monotherapy resulted in complete clinical response in 71-4% of treated patients, consistent with previous studies.3-5 These findings (and those of other studies) support surgery as the primary treatment for LM in operable patients, not only because of the higher cure rates, but also because it allows for complete histopathological evaluation and detection of possible microinvasion. Patient demographic characteristics and tumour baseline characteristics for each study group are shown in Table 1. Dear Editor, As lentigo maligna (LM) has a tendency for subclinical extension, staged excisions with margin control achieve lower recurrence rates than conventional wide local excision (0-9-5% vs. 8-20%).1,2 However, these surgical techniques are limited by the requirements of time, cost and training. [Extracted from the article]

Taking into account the age of the patient, the medical history, and the clinical manifestations, our differential diagnosis included FSD and sexual abuse. Dear Editor, Differential diagnosis of genital diseases in children is often challenging.1-5 We report a case of factitious skin disorder (FSD) involving the vulvar area in a child that was misdiagnosed as sexual abuse (SA) and lichen sclerosus (LS). Physical examination revealed purpura, ecchymoses, and erosions involving the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, and the area surrounding the urethral and vaginal opening (Fig. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Malar rash is one of the three cutaneous diagnostic criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although its clinical recognition is often straightforward, the differential diagnosis with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea may sometimes be challenging. Objective: To describe dermoscopic features of SLE malar rash and investigate the accuracy of dermoscopy for the differential diagnosis with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Methods: A representative dermoscopic image of target areas was evaluated for the presence of specific features. Fisher's test was used to compare their prevalence between the two cohorts, and accuracy parameters (specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values) were evaluated. Results: Twenty-eight patients were included in the analysis, of which 13 had SLE malar rash and 15 erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. The main dermoscopic features of malar rash were reddish/salmon-coloured follicular dots surrounded by white halos ('inverse strawberry' pattern), being present in 53.9% of the cases, while network-like vessels (vascular polygons) turned out to be the main feature of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, with a prevalence of 93.3%. The comparative analysis showed that the 'inverse strawberry' pattern was significantly more common in SLE malar rash, with a specificity of 86.7%, while vascular polygons were significantly more frequent in rosacea, with a specificity of 92.3%. Conclusion: Dermoscopy may be a useful support to distinguish SLE malar rash and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea by showing peculiar features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The differential diagnosis of atypical melanocytic palmoplantar skin lesions (aMPLs) represents a diagnostic challenge, including atypical nevi (AN) and early melanomas (MMs) that display overlapping clinical and dermoscopic features. We aimed to set up a multicentric dataset of aMPL dermoscopic cases paired with multiple anamnestic risk factors and demographic and morphologic data. Methods: Each aMPL case was paired with a dermoscopic and clinical picture and a series of lesion-related data (maximum diameter value; location on the palm/sole in 17 areas; histologic diagnosis; and patient-related data (age, sex, family history of melanoma/sunburns, phototype, pheomelanin, eye/hair color, multiple/dysplastic body nevi, and traumatism on palms/soles). Results: A total of 542 aMPL cases—113 MM and 429 AN—were collected from 195 males and 347 females. No sex prevalence was found for melanomas, while women were found to have relatively more nevi. Melanomas were prevalent on the heel, plantar arch, and fingers in patients aged 65.3 on average, with an average diameter of 17 mm. Atypical nevi were prevalent on the plantar arch and palmar area of patients aged 41.33 on average, with an average diameter of 7 mm. Conclusions: Keeping in mind the risk profile of an aMPL patient can help obtain a timely differentiation between malignant/benign cases, thus avoiding delayed and inappropriate excision, respectively, with the latter often causing discomfort/dysfunctional scarring, especially at acral sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objective Patients and methods Results Conclusion Lentigo maligna (LM) exhibits a particular epidemiological profile compared to other histopathologic subtypes of melanoma, with a propensity for the head and neck area and a higher mean age at diagnosis. Few small‐scale studies have exclusively evaluated the risk factors for the development of LM.This study aims to compare LM to other histological subtypes of melanoma for the prevalence of known melanoma risk factors, including pigmentary characteristics, history of occupational sun exposure, nevus count, and familial melanoma history.We conducted a case–control study of 152 patients with LM and 784 patients with other melanoma subtypes (OM). The Mann–Whitney t‐test and Pearson chi‐squared test were used to detect differences between the two groups in continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were then constructed to identify risk factors for developing LM compared to other melanoma subtypes.In multivariate logistic regression analysis, LM was positively associated with a lentigines count >50 and occupational sun exposure compared to OM (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.35–3.29 and OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.33–3.57, respectively). In contrast, patients with an increased nevus count and fair or medium skin color were less likely to develop LM than OM (OR 0.93, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.91–0.94, and OR 0.28, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.17–0.46, respectively). In univariate analysis, LM exhibited a weaker association with all pigmentary traits than OM. No significant associations were found for atypical nevi count and family history.We found significant differences in the prevalence of known melanoma risk factors between LM and other melanoma subtypes, which supports the hypothesis of a distinct pathogenetic pathway of LM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Euromelanoma: a dermatology-led European campaign against nonmelanoma skin cancer and cutaneous melanoma. We aimed to assess the number of new melanoma diagnosis in different times of the year and discuss potential correlation with the national campaign about melanoma awareness. [Extracted from the article]

Risk factors for second primary melanoma among Dutch patients with melanoma. As shown by several studies, including that of Ni I et al i .[1] Breslow thickness and ulceration status of the previous melanoma are not related to the risk of a new primary melanoma. [Extracted from the article]

Clinical examination revealed symmetrical patches sharply confined in the covered-from the bra-breast area, with a poikilodermatous morphology, consisting of atrophy, telangiectasias and erythema in a reticulate pattern (Figure 1A,B). Dear Editor, A 68-year-old lady presented with mildly pruritic, erythematous, well-defined patches, involving the breast area. A skin biopsy was performed and the histological examination showed dense band-like lymphocytic infiltrate (Figure 2A), consisting of CD4/CD3-positive atypical lymphocytes (Figure 2C,D), marked epidermotropism and Pautrier's microabscesses in the atrophic epidermis (Figure 2B), compatible with early-stage mycosis fungoides (MF). [Extracted from the article]

Dear Editor, Chronic superficial scaly dermatitis (CSSD), also known as small-plaque parapsoriasis or digitate dermatosis, is a benign chronic condition of unknown etiology characterized by asymptomatic/moderately itchy, round, oval or finger-like, slightly scaly, erythematous patches having a pinkish or brownish hue that occur most commonly on the limbs and trunk of middle-aged people.1,2 Recognizing CSSD is usually a straightforward task, yet it may sometimes be clinically mistaken for similar conditions, including psoriasis, eczema, and patch-stage mycosis fungoides.1,2 Over the last few years, dermoscopy has been shown to improve the clinical diagnosis of several inflammatory conditions, with consequent reduction of misdiagnoses/mistreatments.3-7 The aim of this observational retrospective study was to describe the dermoscopic features of CSSD, comparing them with those of its main differential diagnoses, in order to find possible dermoscopic clues. A total of 17 histologically proven consecutive instances of CSSD (11M and 6F; mean age: 54.2 years) were included, along with 30 controls, that is, 10 cases of psoriasis (6M and 4F; mean age: 48.4 years), 10 of eczema (6M and 4F; mean age: 51.3 years), and 10 of patch-stage mycosis fungoides (4M and 6F; mean age: 58.6 years); all the patients had not received any treatment during the 6 weeks prior to evaluation. [Extracted from the article]

The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Task Forces (TFs) on Quality of Life (QoL) and Patient Oriented Outcomes, Melanoma and Non‐Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) present a review of the literature and position statement on health‐related (HR) QoL assessment in skin cancer patients. A literature search was carried out to identify publications since 1980 that included information about the impact of SC on QoL. Generic, dermatology‐specific, cancer‐specific, SC‐specific, facial SC‐specific, NMSC‐specific, basal cell carcinoma‐specific and melanoma‐specific QoL questionnaires have been used to assess HRQoL in SC patients. HRQoL was assessed in the context of creation and validation of the HRQoL instruments, clinical trials, comparison of QoL in SC and other cancers, other diseases or controls, HRQoL assessment after treatment, comorbidities, behaviour modification, predictors of QoL and survival, supportive care needs, coping strategies and fear of cancer recurrence. The most widely used instruments for HRQoL assessment in SC patients are the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C30), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Melanoma (FACT‐M), Skin Cancer Index (SCI), Short Form 36 Item Health Survey (SF‐36) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The TFs recommend the use of the cancer‐specific EORTC QLQ‐C30, especially in late stages of disease, and the melanoma‐specific FACT‐M and SC‐specific SCI questionnaires. These instruments have been well validated and used in several studies. Other HRQoL instruments, also with good basic validation, are not currently recommended because the experience of their use is too limited. Dermatology‐specific HRQoL instruments can be used to assess the impact of skin‐related problems in SC. The TFs encourage further studies to validate HRQoL instruments for use in different stages of SC, in order to allow more detailed practical recommendations on HRQoL assessment in SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical differentiation of erythroplasia of Queyrat (EQ) and chronic forms of balanitis may be challenging, especially in early phases or in overlapping cases. Dermoscopy has been shown to be a useful supportive tool in facilitating the distinction between tumoral and inflammatory skin conditions; yet, data on EQ and balanitis are scarce or sparse. Objectives: To systematically assess the dermoscopic features of both EQ and common forms of chronic balanitis and to investigate the accuracy of dermoscopy in distinguishing these conditions. Methods: Subjects with EQ or chronic balanitis confirmed histologically or microbiologically (for infectious forms) were recruited. A representative dermoscopic image of a target lesion was retrospectively assessed for the presence of specific morphological findings. A correlation matrix was created using Spearman's rho. Proportions of dermoscopic variables scoring among different conditions were compared with the non‐parametric Pearson's chi‐square test. Results: A total of 81 lesions (14 EQ, 23 psoriasis, 31 Zoon plasma cell balanitis and 13 candidal balanitis) from 81 patients were included in the study. Glomerular vessels (both clustered and diffusely distributed) were highly predictive for the diagnosis of EQ, while diffuse dotted vessels were strongly associated with psoriatic balanitis. Finally, Zoon plasma cell balanitis was characterized by orange structureless areas (focal or diffuse) and focused linear curved vessels, whereas cottage cheese‐like structures (sparse white coating corresponding to Candida yeast colonies growth) showed a strong correlation with candidal balanitis. Conclusions: Erythroplasia of Queyrat and balanitis may display different dermoscopic patterns, thereby bearing the usefulness of dermoscopy as a supportive non‐invasive tool for the recognition and differential diagnosis of such conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pagetoid reticulosis (PR), also known as Woringer‐Kolopp disease, is a rare variant of mycosis fungoides with distinctive clinicopathologic features. It clinically manifests as a solitary, erythematous, gradually enlarging, scaly, or verrucous plaque on the lower extremities, and due to its indolent course and nonspecific clinical features, may remain undiagnosed for years. In the current study, we describe the clinical and dermoscopic characteristics of a rare case of PR disease and correlate them with the corresponding histopathologic findings. Dermoscopy may prove beneficial in early diagnosis of this rare entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spitzoid lesions represent a challenging and controversial group of tumours, in terms of clinical recognition, biological behaviour and management strategies. Although Spitz naevi are considered benign tumours, their clinical and dermoscopic morphological overlap with spitzoid melanoma renders the management of spitzoid lesions particularly difficult. The controversy deepens because of the existence of tumours that cannot be safely histopathologically diagnosed as naevi or melanomas (atypical Spitz tumours). The dual objective of the present study was to provide an updated classification on dermoscopy of Spitz naevi, and management recommendations of spitzoid-looking lesions based on a consensus among experts in the field. After a detailed search of the literature for eligible studies, a data synthesis was performed from 15 studies on dermoscopy of Spitz naevi. Dermoscopically, Spitz naevi are typified by three main patterns: starburst pattern (51%), a pattern of regularly distributed dotted vessels (19%) and globular pattern with reticular depigmentation (17%). A consensus-based algorithm for the management of spitzoid lesions is proposed. According to it, dermoscopically asymmetric lesions with spitzoid features (both flat/raised and nodular) should be excised to rule out melanoma. Dermoscopically symmetric spitzoid nodules should also be excised or closely monitored, irrespective of age, to rule out atypical Spitz tumours. Dermoscopically symmetric, flat spitzoid lesions should be managed according to the age of the patient. Finally, the histopathological diagnosis of atypical Spitz tumour should warrant wide excision but not a sentinel lymph-node biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study investigates whether a combined rotating dipole ( RD) and moving dipole ( MD) solution enhances three-dimensional electroencephalography ( EEG) source imaging (3D- ESI) localization in magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI)-negative pediatric patients with focal cortical dysplasia ( FCD). Methods We retrospectively selected 14 MRI-negative patients with FCD from a cohort of 60 pediatric patients previously used to evaluate the diagnostic utility of 3D- ESI in epilepsy surgery. Patients were younger than 18 years at time of surgery and had at least 1 year of outcome data. RD and MD models were constructed for each interictal spike or sharp wave, and it was determined whether each inverse algorithm localized within the surgical resection cavity ( SRC). We also compared the 3D- ESI findings and surgical outcome with positron emission tomography ( PET) and ictal single photon emission computed tomography ( iSPECT). Results RD analyses revealed a high concordance with the SRC (78.6%), particularly for temporal lobe resection (100.0%), and showed superior localization compared to PET and iSPECT, with the highest correlation in FCD type I and temporal lobe resection. Furthermore, the RD method was superior to iSPECT in FCD type II cases and to PET in extratemporal resections. RD and MD results were comparable, but in 18.2% of patients with FCD type I with localizing RDs, the MD solution was only partially within the SRC; in all of these patients 3D- ESI also correlated with superior surgical outcome compared to PET and iSPECT, especially when RD and MD solutions were analyzed together. Significance 3D- ESI in MRI-negative cases showed superior localization compared to iSPECT or PET, especially in FCD type I and temporal lobe epilepsy, and correlated with superior surgical outcome compared to iSPECT and PET at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively, especially when RD and MD solutions were analyzed together. These findings suggest that 3D- ESI based on a combined RD- MD solution improves surgical accuracy in MRI-negative patients with FCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis related to mutations of the ATP2C1 gene (encoding a calcium pump of Golgi apparatus).[1] It typically manifests during the second or third decade of life and is clinically characterized by erosions/fissures and scaly/macerated plaques or chronic vegetations mainly involving flexural sites.[1] These clinical manifestations are similar to those of other common intertriginous dermatoses, making the differential diagnosis particularly challenging.[1] This is even more relevant in dark-skinned patients, in which important clinical features (e.g., shade of erythema and sharpness of lesions margins) may be less evident.[2] Over the last few years, dermoscopy has been shown to improve the recognition of several inflammatory dermatoses in both light and dark phototypes.[[3]] However, data on HHD are sparse and limited to single case reports.[[5], [7]] In this multicentric retrospective observational study conducted by the "Imaging in Skin of Color" Task Force of the I International Dermoscopy Society i (IDS), we sought to characterize dermoscopic findings of HHD, as compared to those of the main clinical mimickers. Dermoscopy in general dermatology (non-neoplastic dermatoses) of skin of colour: a comparative retrospective study by the International Dermoscopy Society. Moreover, a possible overlap with flexural lesions of Darier's disease due to histological similarities should be considered, thereby clinical/anamnestic data remain of utmost importance in distinguishing these dermatoses. [Extracted from the article]

Background Dermoscopy is limited in differentiating accurately between pigmented lentigo maligna ( LM) and pigmented actinic keratosis ( PAK). This might be related to the fact that most studies have focused on pigmented criteria only, without considering additional recognizable features. Objectives To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of established dermoscopic criteria for pigmented LM and PAK, but including in the evaluation features previously associated with nonpigmented facial actinic keratosis. Methods Retrospectively enrolled cases of histopathologically diagnosed LM, PAK and solar lentigo/early seborrhoeic keratosis ( SL/ SK) were dermoscopically evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed and receiver operating characteristic curves were used. Results The study sample consisted of 70 LMs, 56 PAKs and 18 SL/ SKs. In a multivariate analysis, the most potent predictors of LM were grey rhomboids (sixfold increased probability of LM), nonevident follicles (fourfold) and intense pigmentation (twofold). In contrast, white circles, scales and red colour were significantly correlated with PAK, posing a 14-fold, eightfold and fourfold probability for PAK, respectively. The absence of evident follicles also represented a frequent LM criterion, characterizing 71% of LMs. Conclusions White and evident follicles, scales and red colour represent significant diagnostic clues for PAK. Conversely, intense pigmentation and grey rhomboidal lines appear highly suggestive of LM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Ultraviolet radiation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer. Outdoor workers, including farmers, experience higher exposure levels compared to the general population. Available literature data suggest that occupational ultraviolet exposure represents an independent risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma; whereas for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) this association still remains unclarified. Objectives To analyse the epidemiological, clinical and histological data of patients diagnosed with BCC, and correlate them with outdoor occupation in farmers. Methods Individuals with histologically diagnosed BCCs, between September 2013 and September 2015, were included in the study. Their medical data, including epidemiological, clinical and histological characteristics, were recorded and analysed in conjunction with the occupation. Farmers were identified based on their specific public health insurance. Results Three hundred and forty patients, with 542 BCCs were included in the study. One hundred and twenty (35.3%) were farmers. Mean age of farmers was lower than non-farmers (66.0 ± 9.1 years vs. 75 ± 6.6 years, Mann-Whitney U-test, P < 0.001). Farmers had a sixfold higher probability for exhibiting photodamaged skin ( OR = 6.02, 95% CI: 3.66-9.90, P < 0.001). Farmer workers were more likely to exhibit infiltrative or morpheaform BCC, but less likely to develop superficial BCC. Conclusion Our results indicate a higher risk of earlier development of more aggressive histological subtypes of BCCs in farmers. Photodamage was also more common in this group. Primary and secondary prevention strategies focusing on outdoor workers, including farmers, are mandatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The parallel ridge pattern ( PRP) is considered the dermoscopic hallmark of acral melanoma ( AM). However, it was recently shown that approximately one-third of AMs do not display a PRP dermoscopically, rendering their detection more troublesome. Objectives To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopic criteria for the diagnosis of AM. Methods Dermoscopic images of consecutive cases of histopathologically diagnosed AMs and acral naevi with histopathological diagnosis or with at least 1 year of follow-up were evaluated by three independent investigators for the presence of predefined criteria. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to choose among competing classification schemes. Results In total 603 lesions (472 naevi and 131 AMs) were included in the study. A scoring system (named BRAAFF) composed of six variables was associated with optimal area under the curve and sensitivity for the diagnosis of AM. This method includes four positive (irregular blotches, ridge pattern, asymmetry of structures and asymmetry of colours) and two negative predictors (furrow pattern and fibrillar pattern). Conclusions The BRAAFF checklist significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy for the diagnosis of AM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teleconsultations with asymptomatic patients can help to foster the physician-patient relationship, reassure patients and strengthen compliance. This includes patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic brain metastases, but also patients with elevated LDH levels, bulky disease, PD-L1 negativity, mucosal and acral melanoma. This article prepared by the EADV Task Force on Melanoma aims at providing consensus-based recommendations on how to address the main challenges in management of patients with cutaneous melanoma during the COVID-19 pandemic.1,2 In-person physical examinations remain irreplaceable for patients who have noticed new suspicious lesions or are referred by a clinician with a lesion suspicious for melanoma. [Extracted from the article]

Background Little is known about the variability of the dermoscopic criteria of squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) according to the histopathological differentiation grade. Objectives To evaluate whether specific dermoscopic criteria can predict the diagnosis of poorly differentiated SCC compared with well- and moderately differentiated SCC. Methods Clinical and dermoscopic images of SCCs were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria. Univariate and adjusted odds ratios were calculated. Discriminant functions were used to plot receiver-operator characteristic curves. Results Of 143 SCCs included, 48 (33·5%) were well differentiated, 45 (31·5%) were moderately differentiated and 50 (35·0%) were poorly differentiated. Flat tumours had a fourfold increased probability of being poorly differentiated. Dermoscopically, the presence of a predominantly red colour posed a 13-fold possibility of poor differentiation, whereas a predominantly white and white-yellow colour decreased the odds of poorly differentiated SCC by 97% each. The presence of vessels in more than 50% of the tumour's surface, a diffuse distribution of vessels and bleeding were significantly associated with poor differentiation, while scale/keratin was a potent predictor of well- or moderately differentiated tumours. Conclusions Dermoscopy may be regarded as a reliable preoperative tool to distinguish poorly from well- and moderately differentiated SCC. Given that poor differentiation of SCC represents an independent risk factor for recurrence, metastasis and disease-specific death, identifying poorly differentiated tumours in vivo may enhance their appropriate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Most of the knowledge on the prevailing dermoscopic patterns of acquired melanocytic nevi ( AMV) is based on studies in Caucasians, while little research focuses on the dermoscopic variability in nevi in skin of colour. Objective To analyse the prevalent dermoscopic nevus patterns in subjects with a skin type ( ST) V and VI. Methods Prospective, cross-sectional, morphological study was conducted in six clinics with enrolment of consecutive individuals with a ST V or VI. Digital dermoscopic images of selected representative AMN were assessed for dermoscopic colours, morphological patterns and pigment distribution. Results Analysis of 300 nevi from subjects with ST V and VI revealed significant differences in the nevus pattern between these two groups. The majority of nevi in ST V revealed a reticular pattern, whereas persons with ST VI more frequently exhibited a structureless pattern. Black, blue and grey were more frequent in ST VI, whereas the vast majority of nevi in ST V individuals showed dark brown colour. Conclusions Our study provides new insights into the nevus pattern in individuals with a dark pigmentary trait, which may aid the diagnosis and management of nevi in this patients group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose Spectrophotometric Intracutaneous Analysis ( SIAscopy) is a non-invasive, computerized technique for the diagnosis of pigmented skin tumours. The analysis is based on the evaluation of skin chromophores, i.e. melanin, haemoglobin and collagen within the epidermis and papillary dermis. Our aim was to assess the diagnostic validity of SIAscopy in the detection of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers compared to the clinical-dermoscopic diagnosis and the histopathologic results of the excised lesions. Methods In total, 188 lesions of 180 patients were examined by dermoscopy and SIAscopy. A SIAscopy scoring system was first compared with the clinical-dermoscopic diagnosis and then with the histopathologic diagnosis of the excised lesions. Results With respect to the clinical-dermoscopic evaluation, SIAscopy had sensitivity and specificity values of 85.7% and 65.4% respectively. Of the 188 evaluated lesions, 44 were excised with histopathologic examination revealing 31 malignant tumours, including 18 melanomas. With respect to histopathology SIAscopy had a sensitivity of 83.9%. Seven of the 13 benign excised lesions were scored as malignant by SIAscopy resulting in a specificity of 46.1%. Conclusion SIAscopy cannot replace the standard of care in skin cancer diagnosis, which includes clinical and dermoscopic examination. However, considering that the technique does not require specific training and expertise, it might represent an additional, relatively cost-effective tool to select lesions for referral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linked article: C. Longo et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35: 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16679. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented regarding the dermoscopic variability or dermoscopic patterns in eccrine poroma (EP), a benign adnexal neoplasm.

The article discusses the concept of the American Dream as examined in the books "Drift and Mastery" by Walter Lippman, and "The Epic of America" by James Truslow (JT) Adams. It discusses Lippmann's criticisms of intellectual sloppiness and delusion, his use of dream analogies, the influence of psychiatrist Sigmund Freud on Lippmann's work, and the synthesis of Freud and German economist Karl Marx. The article also discusses themes of race, inequality, and wealth redistribution in Truslow's "The Epic of America."

Background Several common inflammatory dermatoses, such as rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis ( SD), discoid lupus erythematosus ( DLE) and granulomatous skin diseases manifest as erythematous macules or plaques on the facial skin. Although clinical examination represents the cornerstone of diagnosis, the broad variety of clinical features and uncommon presentations of these diseases may cause at times diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. Dermoscopy, in addition to its well-documented value in evaluation of skin tumours, is continuously gaining appreciation also in the field of general dermatology. Objective To describe and compare the dermoscopic patterns of common facial inflammatory skin diseases including SD, erythematotelangiectatic rosacea ( ER), sarcoidosis, lupus vulgaris ( LV), DLE and granuloma faciale ( GF). Methods Dermoscopic images of lesions from patients with histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of SD, ER, sarcoidosis, LV, DLE or GF were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of several criteria. Selection of the dermoscopic variables included in the evaluation process was based on the data available in the literature and on our preliminary observations. Results One hundred and fifteen dermoscopic images were included in the study. SD was dermoscopically characterized by dotted vessels and yellow scales, whereas ER was typified by a characteristic pattern of vascular polygons. Sarcoidosis and LV very commonly exhibited orange-yellowish areas and linear branching vessels. Features related to follicle abnormalities and linear branching vessels were the most common dermoscopic criteria of DLE and GF. Conclusions This study provides new insights into the dermoscopic variability in common facial inflammatory dermatoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Applicability of dermoscopy in evaluation of outcome and monitoring of superficial basal cell carcinoma (s BCC) after nonablative therapies has not been sufficiently assessed. Objectives Certain dermoscopic criteria, namely pigmented structures, ulceration and arborizing vessels, have been suggested to predict the presence of residual disease [residual disease-associated dermoscopic criteria ( RDADC)]. We aimed to assess this hypothesis. Patients and methods Lesions exhibiting RDADC 3 months after treatment were biopsied and in the case of histopathological confirmation were excised. Lesions characterized by white/red structureless areas, superficial fine telangiectasias, or lacking any dermoscopic criterion, were monitored for 12 months. Results At the 3-month evaluation, one or more of the RDADC were detected in 25/98 (25·5%) s BCCs, in which histology confirmed tumour persistence. In 45 (61·6%) of the 73 remaining lesions, dermoscopy showed white/red structureless areas and/or superficial fine telangiectasias. Twenty-eight lacked any dermoscopic criterion of s BCC. The two latter groups entered follow-up. In total, disease recurred in 13 (17·8%) of the 73 lesions. Conclusions RDADC accurately predict residual disease. Absence of dermoscopic criteria of s BCC safely predicts complete histopathological clearance. Detection of white/red structureless areas and/or superficial fine telangiectasias warrants close monitoring to recognize early recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to its well-documented value in improving the diagnosis of skin tumours, dermoscopy is continually gaining appreciation in the field of general dermatology. Dermoscopy has been shown to facilitate the clinical recognition of several inflammatory and infectious diseases, as well as their discrimination from skin tumours. Moreover, recent data indicate that it might also be profitable in assessing the outcome and adverse effects of various treatments. Application of dermoscopy should follow the standard procedure of acquiring information from patient history and clinically evaluating the number, location and morphology of the lesion(s). Four parameters should be assessed when applying dermoscopy in the realm of inflammatory and infectious diseases: (i) morphological vascular patterns; (ii) arrangement of vascular structures; (iii) colours; and (iv) follicular abnormalities, while the presence of other specific features (clues) should also be evaluated. It must be underlined that dermoscopic findings should always be interpreted within the overall clinical context of the patient, integrated with information from the history and the macroscopic examination. With new evidence continuously being gathered, the dermatoscope gradually acquires a role similar to the stethoscope of general practitioners, becoming an irreplaceable clinical tool for dermatologists. In this article, we provide a succinct summary of existing data on dermoscopy in general dermatology. Practical tips are suggested, which can assist clinicians in profitably utilizing and applying the available knowledge in their everyday practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]