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Concerning national food security, rice has a significant role as a staple food, although it is not the only source of carbohydrates. The government made various efforts to meet the sufficiency of rice. So far, the fulfilment of rice still relies on increasing production and productivity. Another potential way to raise the availability of rice is by reducing the losses along the supply chain. This paper examines the rice yield loss related to supply chain activities, magnitudes, and factors affecting yield loss. The study uses the literature review method. The study results show that rice yield loss can occur in almost all supply chain activities, such as harvesting, threshing, drying, storage, milling, and distribution. The amount of yield loss varies considerably among supply chain activities and across the rice centre region. Modern agricultural tools and machinery, especially combine harvesters, can reduce yield losses. Factors affecting yield loss include land area, harvest time, varieties, tools and techniques of harvesting, threshing equipment, and season. The study results recommend that success in reducing yield loss could be achieved by using more modern agricultural tools and machinery and implementing good handling practices (GHP), supported by good agriculture practices (GAP) and good distribution processing (GDP).

Geographical Indication (GI) coffee production is an alternative that smallholder farmers can adopt to improve the quality of their coffee and provide an opportunity for farmers to increase their income. In terms of production standards, ease of implementation, and economic benefits, and intention to adopt, this article examines farmers’ perceptions of coffee production based on the GI’s scheme. To answer the research question, we interviewed 178 farmers who were purposefully chosen to represent two coffee geographical indication areas: Sindoro-Sumbing Java Arabica coffee and Temanggung Robusta coffee. The perceptions of farmers toward geographical indication schemes were evaluated using quantitative analysis and correlation test. The results of this study show that farmers believe that (a) the geographical indication scheme as it relates to coffee production standards is well perceived by farmers; (b) the GI scheme is perceived not very favourably by the farmers based on the ease of implementation, which indicates that the farmers are not too sure about implementing coffee production standards based on the GI scheme; (c) farmers generally have a favourable perception of the GI’s standards; and (d) farmers are enthusiastic or have a strong intention to implement GI-standards. As a result, more campaign and socialization are required to raise farmers’ enthusiasm for implementing the GI scheme.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an essential food crop for more than 750 million people in tropical and sub-tropical dry climates of Africa, India, and Latin America. The domestic sorghum market in Indonesia is still limited to the eastern region (East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara, Java, and South Sulawesi). Therefore, it is crucial to carry out sorghum research on drylands. This research aimed to investigate the effect of sorghum genotype and planting distance and their interaction toward growth and sorghum’s productivity in the Gunungkidul dryland, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In addition, the farm business analysis, including the feasibility of sorghum farming, was also examined. The research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD), arranged in a 5 × 4 factorial with 3 replicates. The first treatment consisted of 5 varieties (2 high-yielding varieties (Bioguma 1 and Kawali) and 3 local sorghum varieties (Plonco, Ketan Merah, and Hitam Wareng)). The second treatment consisted of 4 levels of planting distance, namely 50 × 20 cm, 60 × 20 cm, 70 × 15 cm, and 70 × 20 × 20 cm. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data, where Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) was used post hoc. Plant height, panicle height, panicle width, panicle weight, stover weight, grains weight/plot, and productivity were significantly affected by sorghum varieties (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant effect from the planting distance treatment and no interaction between planting distance and varietal treatments. Ketan Merah had the highest height, panicle length, and panicle width, while Bioguma 1 had the highest stover weight, panicle weight, grain weight/plot, and productivity. There was a significant linear regression equation, i.e., productivity = 0.0054– 0.0003 panicle height + 0.4163 grains weight/plot. Our findings on farm business analysis suggested that four out of five tested sorghum varieties were feasible to grow, except for the Ketan Merah variety. The most economically profitable sorghum variety to grow in Gunungkidul dryland was Bioguma 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographical Indication is a type of collective intellectual property that producers may use to capture the place-related value expressed in their product which involve the physical and anthropic characteristics of the production area. There is GI’s Code of Practice (CoP) that should be adopted by farmers as reference standard to maintain GIs product consistency and definition requirements. Understanding farmer preferences and incorporating them into the development of improvement of GIs’ certification schemes is thought to result in more internalized, and thus more efficient standards. This study aims to 1) investigate the small-scale farmers’ preferences and the influence of socio-economics characteristics rejecting GIs’ scheme; and 2) develop strategies to increase farmers participation on GIs’ scheme. Choice Experiment method and Conditional Logit Model (CLM) were used to estimate preferences of 157 small-scale coffee farmers for accepting GIs’ scheme. The findings suggest that premium price, coffee processing, technical assistance, and selling agreement are all GIs’ attributes that could increase small-scale farmers’ utility. More incentives are required to compensate farmers due to the loss of utility caused by pesticide bans and farm inspection. Based on CLM, the study found that farmers have clear preferences for and against certain aspects of GIs’ CoP scheme.