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1. Seismic Risk Assessment of Simply Supported Girders Bridges

Author

Xhaferaj Iralda, Lako Arian, and Shkodrani Neritan

Subjects
bridges vulnerability, fragility curves, vulnerability, risk, earthquakes, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

Transport infrastructures, such as bridges, located in seismically active regions are potential exposure due to seismic hazards. A bridge collapse can have tremendous consequences because they provide vital links in a transportation system. Cross border region historically is very well known as territory characterized with high seismic risk. For that purpose, this study is related to the identification of seismic hazard cross-border harmonization vulnerability assessment of risk based on defined levels of seismic hazard and definition of reliable risk of simply supported girders bridge, which is main typology scheme. This study presents an analytical method to predict damage exceedance probabilities due to seismic events using the development of fragility curves. The proposed framework is demonstrated by performing case study highway bridges located in cross border Albanian region with Greece and North Macedonia. Bridge hazard identification is defined by established each damage state of probabilistic structural capacity. The damage probabilities of exceedance that structural demand exceeds capacity are analyzed, displaying results in the fragility curves of bridges.

Published
2023
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2. The Impacts of COVID-19 on Schools' Willingness to Participate in Research. Research Brief. RTI Press Publication No. RB-0036-2401

Author

RTI International, Sara Carter, Jane Griffin, Samantha Lako, Cheryl Harewood, Lisa Kessler, and Elizabeth Parish

Abstract

COVID-19 had significant impacts on the field of education and, in turn, on school-based research. During this unprecedented time, nearly all schools closed, disrupting learning as schools shifted to a virtual format. Addressing the lasting effects of school closures is a major challenge in the post-pandemic education climate. Educators indicate these challenges have limited their willingness or ability to participate in research. We analyzed over 700 reasons for refusal in four recent education studies to examine the effects of COVID-19 on school-based research. About 4% of education leaders cited COVID-19 as the primary factor impacting their unwillingness to participate, while related factors such as learning loss, instructional time, or teacher shortage were cited approximately 16%. Over 40% of schools declined because of required testing and surveys. Given the voluntary nature of participation, the remaining schools declined for various reasons not necessarily related to COVID-19. Insufficient participation can be detrimental to research by impacting the quantity and quality of data collected and possibly introducing bias into the data, thus skewing findings. In the post-pandemic era, school-based researchers must be mindful of the challenges schools face and develop mitigation strategies to contend with the reluctance to participate in external research.

Published
2024

3. MaREA: Multi-class Random Forest for Automotive Intrusion Detection

Author

Caivano, Danilo, Catalano, Christian, De Vincentiis, Mirko, Lako, Alfred, Pagano, Alessandro, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Kadgien, Regine, editor, Jedlitschka, Andreas, editor, Janes, Andrea, editor, Lenarduzzi, Valentina, editor, and Li, Xiaozhou, editor

Published
2024
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5. PRPF8-mediated dysregulation of hBrr2 helicase disrupts human spliceosome kinetics and 5´-splice-site selection causing tissue-specific defects

Author

Atkinson, Robert, Georgiou, Maria, Yang, Chunbo, Szymanska, Katarzyna, Lahat, Albert, Vasconcelos, Elton J. R., Ji, Yanlong, Moya Molina, Marina, Collin, Joseph, Queen, Rachel, Dorgau, Birthe, Watson, Avril, Kurzawa-Akanbi, Marzena, Laws, Ross, Saxena, Abhijit, Shyan Beh, Chia, Siachisumo, Chileleko, Goertler, Franziska, Karwatka, Magdalena, Davey, Tracey, Inglehearn, Chris F., McKibbin, Martin, Lührmann, Reinhard, Steel, David H., Elliott, David J., Armstrong, Lyle, Urlaub, Henning, Ali, Robin R., Grellscheid, Sushma-Nagaraja, Johnson, Colin A., Mozaffari-Jovin, Sina, and Lako, Majlinda

Published
2024
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7. A giant primary ovarian fibrosarcoma in a South Sudanese patient

Author

Isaac Rial, Lifteri George Vasilli, Kenneth Sube, Suni Anthony, Stephen Lukudu, Justin Tongun, and Joseph Lako

Subjects
giant primary ovarian, fibrosarcoma, exploratory laparotomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, south sudan., Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Ovarian fibrosarcomas account for less than 1% of all ovarian malignancies. Clinical diagnosis is extremely difficult. A 20-year-old, illiterate, married nulliparous woman presented to our Outpatient Department Clinic (OPD) with chronic abdominal distension. Ultrasound and CT scan revealed a very large intra-abdominal mass, 23.8x27.8x35.7cm. She underwent a laparotomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy with her uterus and right adenexum conserved. After surgery, the mass weighed 11.1kg and measured 43x38x35cm. Histological findings were in line with a giant primary ovarian fibrosarcoma. To date, as far as we are aware, this is the largest ever recorded primary ovarian fibrosarcoma.

Published
2024

8. Mitochondrial morphology controls fatty acid utilization by changing CPT1 sensitivity to malonyl‐CoA

Author

Ngo, Jennifer, Choi, Dong Wook, Stanley, Illana A, Stiles, Linsey, Molina, Anthony JA, Chen, Pei‐Hsuan, Lako, Ana, Sung, Isabelle Chiao Han, Goswami, Rishov, Kim, Min‐young, Miller, Nathanael, Baghdasarian, Siyouneh, Kim‐Vasquez, Doyeon, Jones, Anthony E, Roach, Brett, Gutierrez, Vincent, Erion, Karel, Divakaruni, Ajit S, Liesa, Marc, Danial, Nika N, and Shirihai, Orian S

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Metabolic and endocrine, Fatty Acids, Malonyl Coenzyme A, Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase, Oxidation-Reduction, Mitochondria, CPT1, fatty acid oxidation, fission, fusion, mitochondrial dynamics, Information and Computing Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Changes in mitochondrial morphology are associated with nutrient utilization, but the precise causalities and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using cellular models representing a wide variety of mitochondrial shapes, we show a strong linear correlation between mitochondrial fragmentation and increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) rates. Forced mitochondrial elongation following MFN2 over-expression or DRP1 depletion diminishes FAO, while forced fragmentation upon knockdown or knockout of MFN2 augments FAO as evident from respirometry and metabolic tracing. Remarkably, the genetic induction of fragmentation phenocopies distinct cell type-specific biological functions of enhanced FAO. These include stimulation of gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes, induction of insulin secretion in islet β-cells exposed to fatty acids, and survival of FAO-dependent lymphoma subtypes. We find that fragmentation increases long-chain but not short-chain FAO, identifying carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) as the downstream effector of mitochondrial morphology in regulation of FAO. Mechanistically, we determined that fragmentation reduces malonyl-CoA inhibition of CPT1, while elongation increases CPT1 sensitivity to malonyl-CoA inhibition. Overall, these findings underscore a physiologic role for fragmentation as a mechanism whereby cellular fuel preference and FAO capacity are determined.

Published
2023

9. Assessing attitudes towards violence against women and girls, their determinants and health-seeking behaviour among women and men in South Sudan: a cross-sectional national survey

Author

Caroline Jeffery, Baburam Devkota, Richard Lako, Joseph J Valadez, Angelo Lamadrid, and Robert Anguyo

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objective Investigating attitudes accepting two categories of violence against women and girls (VAWG) (intimate partner violence—IPV—and other expressions of VAWG) and their association with seven demographic/social determinants and health-seeking behaviours in South Sudan.Design Cross-sectional study using data from the South Sudan National Household Survey 2020.Setting South Sudan.Participants and methods 1741 South Sudanese women and 1739 men aged 15–49 years; data captured between November 2020 and February 2021 and analysed using binary logistic regression.Results People with secondary or higher education displayed attitudes rejecting acceptance of IPV (OR 0.631, 95% CI 0.508 to 0.783). Women and men living in states with more numerous internally displaced people (IDP) or political/military violence had attitudes accepting IPV more than residents of less violence-affected regions (OR 1.853, 95% CI 1.587 to 2.164). Women had a higher odd of having attitudes accepting IPV than men (OR 1.195, 95% CI 1.014 to 1.409). People knowing where to receive gender-based violence healthcare and psychological support (OR 0.703, 95% CI 0.596 to 0.830) and with primary (OR 0.613, 95% CI 0.515 to 0.729), secondary or higher education (OR 0.596, 95% CI 0.481 to 0.740) displayed attitudes rejecting acceptance of other expressions of VAWG. People residing in states with proportionately more IDP and who accepted IPV were more likely to have attitudes accepting other expressions of VAWG (OR 1.699, 95% CI 1.459 to 1.978; OR 3.195, 95% CI 2.703 to 3.775, respectively).Conclusion Attitudes towards accepting VAWG in South Sudan are associated with women’s and men’s education, gender, residence and knowledge about health-seeking behaviour. Prioritising women’s empowerment and gender transformative programming in the most conflict-affected areas where rates of VAWG are higher should be prioritised along with increasing girls’ access to education. A less feasible strategy to decrease gender inequalities is reducing insecurity, military conflict, and displacement, and increasing economic stability.

Published
2024
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11. Retinal cells derived from patients with DRAM2-dependent CORD21 dystrophy exhibit key lysosomal enzyme deficiency and lysosomal content accumulation

Author

Tsikandelova, Rozaliya, Galo, Eldo, Cerniauskas, Edvinas, Hallam, Dean, Georgiou, Maria, Cerna-Chavez, Rodrigo, Atkinson, Robert, Palmowski, Pavel, Burté, Florence, Davies, Tracey, Steel, David H., McKibbin, Martin, Bond, Jacquelyn, Haggarty, Jennifer, Whitfield, Phil, Korolchuk, Viktor, Armstrong, Lyle, Yang, Chunbo, Dorgau, Birthe, Kurzawa-Akanbi, Marzena, and Lako, Majlinda

Published
2024
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12. Improving COVID-19 contact tracing and testing of exposed individuals in Cameroon using digital health technology: a cluster randomised trial

Author

Ndjomo Mba, Alain Daniel, Nanga Dampand, Mireille Nadine, Azi, Rita Ngufor, Nelle Jembe, Christian Narcisse, Djouota, Rocard Lele, Messomo, Thierry, Bell Mathias, Jean Luc, Mbengue, Jeanne Liliane, Mbody, Martin Gael, Tchouatcha, Edy Tchokouani, Nekame Guedem, Jinette Lorraine, Messina Maga, Felicite Diane, Ngeukoue Kamdoum, Alex Miguel, Nechi, Ashley Kue, Akono, Judith Mignonne, Tamssa, Patrice Herve, Goretti Mvong, Vendeline Amaelle, Zogni, Ferline Gouefack, Tekou Makamte, Marie Marquiny, Tawambe, Patrick Bertin, Ewane, Leonard, Mbengue Moukouri, Cyrus Raymond, Makembe, Hans Mossi, Nyate, Corinne Mbita, Mengong Bitounou, Marie Noel, Mendjiegoue, Gwladys Tientcheu, Fomo, Marlyse Mafopah, Nwatsok A Bessong, Alphonse, Nguefack, Saintiche Flore, Nyaloumbe Abedine, Nicole Sylvie, Njiken, Martin, Zangue, Franklin Tsague, Benga Mve, Ingrid Ornella, Kengue, Alice Tegomo, Christian Kingue, Anicet Valere, Aissatou, Nadia, Lako, Edith Tchuessi, Nta, Odette Adomdji, Lawane, Zara, Dada, Ghislaine Demgne, Yemy, Georges Christian, Mballa, Theodore Edimo, Querie, Charlie Tsamo, Mebong, Berline, Wa, Jonas, Biloa Awono, Marie Madeleine, Wele, Wilfried Ganni, Kenko, Jeanine, Guimbang A Ireke, Sophie Larissa, Epoune, Nathalie Nguigna, Ngadje Tchakounte, Armand Joel, Azangue, Amidou Momo, Bika Baring, Franck Adrien, Vessah, Atikatou Ngamtiate, Ngoh, Guillaume Ngoule, Nyato, Franck Joel, Ngogang, Viviane, Fankou, Serges Djobissie, Aboubakar, Rabyatou Elh, Ngo Banin, Pauline Dervette, Dipoko, Sylvie Blondine, Youngui, Boris Tchakounte, Mambo, Albert, Machekano, Rhoderick, Kana, Rogacien, Epée, Emilienne, Tenkeu, Sylvain Zemsi, Tsigaing, Philippe Narcisse, Ndongo, Marie Louise Aimée, Njoukam, Christelle Mayap, Bichara, Lawane, Katcho, Tatiana Djikeussi, Mbunka, Muhamed Awolu, Longla, Terence Acheliu, Simo, Leonie, Kouatchouang, Adrienne Vanessa, Tchendjou, Patrice, Tiam, Appolinaire, Guay, Laura, Suleiman, Khairunisa, Akinwusi, Olukunle, Kadam, Rigveda, Akugizibwe, Paula, Songane, Mario, Woelk, Godfrey, and Tchounga, Boris Kevin

Published
2024
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17. Durvalumab plus tremelimumab alone or in combination with low-dose or hypofractionated radiotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer refractory to previous PD(L)-1 therapy: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial

Author

Schoenfeld, Jonathan D, Giobbie-Hurder, Anita, Ranasinghe, Srinika, Kao, Katrina Z, Lako, Ana, Tsuji, Junko, Liu, Yang, Brennick, Ryan C, Gentzler, Ryan D, Lee, Carrie, Hubbard, Joleen, Arnold, Susanne M, Abbruzzese, James L, Jabbour, Salma K, Uboha, Nataliya V, Stephans, Kevin L, Johnson, Jennifer M, Park, Haeseong, Villaruz, Liza C, Sharon, Elad, Streicher, Howard, Ahmed, Mansoor M, Lyon, Hayley, Cibuskis, Carrie, Lennon, Niall, Jhaveri, Aashna, Yang, Lin, Altreuter, Jennifer, Gunasti, Lauren, Weirather, Jason L, Mak, Raymond H, Awad, Mark M, Rodig, Scott J, Chen, Helen X, Wu, Catherine J, Monjazeb, Arta M, and Hodi, F Stephen

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Clinical Research, Lung, Lung Cancer, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.5 Radiotherapy and other non-invasive therapies, Aged, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Radiation Dose Hypofractionation, Radiotherapy Dosage, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundPatients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is resistant to PD-1 and PD-L1 (PD[L]-1)-targeted therapy have poor outcomes. Studies suggest that radiotherapy could enhance antitumour immunity. Therefore, we investigated the potential benefit of PD-L1 (durvalumab) and CTLA-4 (tremelimumab) inhibition alone or combined with radiotherapy.MethodsThis open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial was done by the National Cancer Institute Experimental Therapeutics Clinical Trials Network at 18 US sites. Patients aged 18 years or older with metastatic NSCLC, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, and progression during previous PD(L)-1 therapy were eligible. They were randomly assigned (1:1:1) in a web-based system by the study statistician using a permuted block scheme (block sizes of three or six) without stratification to receive either durvalumab (1500 mg intravenously every 4 weeks for a maximum of 13 cycles) plus tremelimumab (75 mg intravenously every 4 weeks for a maximum of four cycles) alone or with low-dose (0·5 Gy delivered twice per day, repeated for 2 days during each of the first four cycles of therapy) or hypofractionated radiotherapy (24 Gy total delivered over three 8-Gy fractions during the first cycle only), 1 week after initial durvalumab-tremelimumab administration. Study treatment was continued until 1 year or until progression. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (best locally assessed confirmed response of a partial or complete response) and, along with safety, was analysed in patients who received at least one dose of study therapy. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02888743, and is now complete.FindingsBetween Aug 24, 2017, and March 29, 2019, 90 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned, of whom 78 (26 per group) were treated. This trial was stopped due to futility assessed in an interim analysis. At a median follow-up of 12·4 months (IQR 7·8-15·1), there were no differences in overall response rates between the durvalumab-tremelimumab alone group (three [11·5%, 90% CI 1·2-21·8] of 26 patients) and the low-dose radiotherapy group (two [7·7%, 0·0-16·3] of 26 patients; p=0·64) or the hypofractionated radiotherapy group (three [11·5%, 1·2-21·8] of 26 patients; p=0·99). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were dyspnoea (two [8%] in the durvalumab-tremelimumab alone group; three [12%] in the low-dose radiotherapy group; and three [12%] in the hypofractionated radiotherapy group) and hyponatraemia (one [4%] in the durvalumab-tremelimumab alone group vs two [8%] in the low-dose radiotherapy group vs three [12%] in the hypofractionated radiotherapy group). Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in one (4%) patient in the durvalumab-tremelimumab alone group (maculopapular rash), five (19%) patients in the low-dose radiotherapy group (abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, hypokalemia, and respiratory failure), and four (15%) patients in the hypofractionated group (adrenal insufficiency, colitis, diarrhoea, and hyponatremia). In the low-dose radiotherapy group, there was one death from respiratory failure potentially related to study therapy.InterpretationRadiotherapy did not increase responses to combined PD-L1 plus CTLA-4 inhibition in patients with NSCLC resistant to PD(L)-1 therapy. However, PD-L1 plus CTLA-4 therapy could be a treatment option for some patients. Future studies should refine predictive biomarkers in this setting.FundingThe US National Institutes of Health and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.

Published
2022

21. Quantum as a Service Architecture for Security in a Smart City

Author

Barletta, Vita Santa, Caivano, Danilo, Lako, Alfred, Pal, Anibrata, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Fernandes, José Maria, editor, Travassos, Guilherme H., editor, Lenarduzzi, Valentina, editor, and Li, Xiaozhou, editor

Published
2023
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23. Post-mortem investigation of deaths due to pneumonia in children aged 1–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia from 2016 to 2022: an observational study

Author

Adam, Yasmin, Agaya, Janet, Ahmed, A.S.M. Nawshad Uddin, Ahmed, Dilruba, Alemu, Addisu, Ali, Solomon, Ameh, Soter, Aol, George, Argeseanu, Solveig, Ariuman, Farida, Balogun, Oluseyi, Bari, Sanwarul, Basket, Margaret, Begum, Ferdousi, Bhandari, Manu, Blevins, John, Bunn, James, Bursuc, Courtney, Cain, Carrie Jo, Chawana, Richard, Chawla, Kiranpreet, Chukwuegbo, Cornell, Diarra, Kounandji, Diarra, Tiéman, Diaz, Maureen, Duduyemi, Babatunde, Fairchild, Karen D., Flora, Meerjady Sabrina, Fritz, Ashleigh, Garel, Mischka, Gaume, Brigitte, Gizaw, Mahlet Abayneh, Govender, Nelesh P., Greene, Carol L., Gure, Tadesse, Halu, Binyam, Hoque, Mahbubul, Hwinya, Cleopas, Ibrahim, Alexander M., Igunza, Kitiezo Aggrey, Islam, Ferdousi, Ita, Okokon, Jambai, Amara, Johnson, J. Kristie, Juma, Jane, Kaluma, Erick, Kamal, Mohammed, Kaykay, Osman, Kenneh, Sartie, Khagayi, Sammy, Koka, Rima, Kone, Diakaridia, Koplan, Jeffrey P., Kourouma, Nana, Kowuor, Dickens, LaHatte, Kristin, Lala, Sanjay G., Lee, Kyu Han, Liu, Lucy, Lombaard, Hennie, Maixenchs, Maria, Manhique, Zara, Mannah, Margaret, Martines, Roosecelis, Mash, Ronald, Mehta, Ashka, Menéndez, Clara, Misore, Thomas, Mocumbi, Sibone, Moseray, Andrew, Moses, Francis, Muga, Christopher, Munguambe, Khátia, Myburgh, Nellie, Nair, Shailesh, Ndagurwa, Pedzisai, Nhacolo, Ariel, Nhampossa, Tacilta, Nwajiobi, Princewill, Ochola, Christine, Oliech, Richard, Oluoch, Bernard, Onwuchekwa, Uma U., Onyango, Peter Nyamthimba, Orlien, Stian MS, Otieno, Peter, Oundo, Joseph, Owuor, Harun, Parveen, Shahana, Petersen, Karen, Pratt, Samuel, Rahman, Mahbubur, Rahman, Mohammad Mosiur, Rahman, Mustafizur, Raymer, Sarah, Ritter, Jana, Salzberg, Navit T., Samura, Solomon, Sannoh, Sulaiman, Sanogo, Doh, Seppeh, Martin, Sesay, Tom, Sesay, Joseph Kamanda, Shirin, Tahmina, Sissoko, Seydou, Smart, Francis, Sorour, Gillian, Squire, James, Swaray-Deen, Alim, Swart, Peter J., Tarawally, Fatmata Bintu, Tasnim, Saria, Temesgen, Fikremelekot, Tennant, Sharon M., Traore, Cheick Bougadari, Traore, Awa, Velaphi, Sithembiso, Vyas, Kurt, Wadhwa, Ashutosh, Wadula, Jeannette, Waller, Jessica, Wanga, Valentine, Warang, Shamta, Were, Joyce Akinyi, Wilson, Tais, Winchell, Jonas, Wise, Amy, Witherbee, Jakob, Yeshi, Melisachew Mulatu, Zaman, K., Mahtab, Sana, Blau, Dianna M, Madewell, Zachary J, Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu, Ojulong, Julius, Lako, Sandra, Legesse, Hailemariam, Bangura, Joseph S, Bassat, Quique, Mandomando, Inacio, Xerinda, Elisio, Fernandes, Fabiola, Varo, Rosauro, Sow, Samba O, Kotloff, Karen L, Tapia, Milagritos D, Keita, Adama Mamby, Sidibe, Diakaridia, Onyango, Dickens, Akelo, Victor, Gethi, Dickson, Verani, Jennifer R, Revathi, Gunturu, Scott, J Anthony G, Assefa, Nega, Madrid, Lola, Bizuayehu, Hiwot, Tirfe, Tseyon Tesfaye, El Arifeen, Shams, Gurley, Emily S, Islam, Kazi Munisul, Alam, Muntasir, Zahid Hossain, Mohammad, Dangor, Ziyaad, Baillie, Vicky L, Hale, Martin, Mutevedzi, Portia, Breiman, Robert F, Whitney, Cynthia G, and Madhi, Shabir A

Published
2024
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24. A mathematical modelling framework for the regulation of intra-cellular OCT4 in human pluripotent stem cells

Author

Wadkin, L E, Orozco-Fuentes, S, Neganova, I, Lako, M, Parker, N G, and Shukurov, A

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Subcellular Processes, Physics - Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior
Abstract

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have promising clinical applications in regenerative medicine, drug-discovery and personalised medicine due to their potential to differentiate into all cell types, a property know as pluripotency. A deeper understanding of how pluripotency is regulated is required to assist in controlling pluripotency and differentiation trajectories experimentally. Mathematical modelling provides a non-invasive tool through which to explore, characterise and replicate the regulation of pluripotency and the consequences on cell fate. Here we use experimental data of the expression of the pluripotency transcription factor OCT4 in a growing hPSC colony to develop and evaluate mathematical models for temporal pluripotency regulation. We consider fractional Brownian motion and the stochastic logistic equation and explore the effects of both additive and multiplicative noise. We illustrate the use of time-dependent carrying capacities and the introduction of Allee effects to the stochastic logistic equation to describe cell differentiation. This mathematical framework for describing intra-cellular OCT4 regulation can be extended to other transcription factors and developed into sophisticated predictive models.

Published
2021

25. An introduction to the mathematical modelling of iPSCs

Author

Wadkin, Laura E, Orozco-Fuentes, Sirio, Neganova, Irina, Lako, Majlinda, Parker, Nicholas G, and Shukurov, Anvar

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior
Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to convey the importance and usefulness of mathematical modelling as a tool to achieve a deeper understanding of stem cell biology. We introduce key mathematical concepts (random walk theory, differential equations and agent-based modelling) which form the basis of current descriptions of induced pluripotent stem cells. We hope to encourage a meaningful dialogue between biologists and mathematicians and highlight the value of such an interdisciplinary approach.

Published
2020

26. Multiplex Tissue Imaging Harmonization: A Multicenter Experience from CIMAC-CIDC Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Network

Author

Akturk, Guray, Parra, Edwin R, Gjini, Evisa, Lako, Ana, Lee, J Jack, Neuberg, Donna, Zhang, Jiexin, Yao, Shen, Laface, Ilaria, Rogic, Anita, Chen, Pei-Hsuan, Sanchez-Espiridion, Beatriz, Del Valle, Diane M, Moravec, Radim, Kinders, Robert, Hudgens, Courtney, Wu, Catherine, Wistuba, Ignacio I, Thurin, Magdalena, Hewitt, Stephen M, Rodig, Scott, Gnjatic, Sacha, and Tetzlaff, Michael T

Subjects
Biotechnology, Clinical Research, Vaccine Related, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Cancer, Biomarkers, Tumor, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Monitoring, Immunologic, Neoplasms, Staining and Labeling, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

PurposeThe Cancer Immune Monitoring and Analysis Centers - Cancer Immunologic Data Commons (CIMAC-CIDC) network supported by the NCI Cancer Moonshot initiative was established to provide correlative analyses for clinical trials in cancer immunotherapy, using state-of-the-art technology. Fundamental to this initiative is implementation of multiplex IHC assays to define the composition and distribution of immune infiltrates within tumors in the context of their potential role as biomarkers. A critical unanswered question involves the relative fidelity of such assays to reliably quantify tumor-associated immune cells across different platforms.Experimental designThree CIMAC sites compared across their laboratories: (i) image analysis algorithms, (ii) image acquisition platforms, (iii) multiplex staining protocols. Two distinct high-dimensional approaches were employed: multiplexed IHC consecutive staining on single slide (MICSSS) and multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF). To eliminate variables potentially impacting assay performance, we completed a multistep harmonization process, first comparing assay performance using independent protocols followed by the integration of laboratory-specific protocols and finally, validating this harmonized approach in an independent set of tissues.ResultsData generated at the final validation step showed an intersite Spearman correlation coefficient (r) of ≥0.85 for each marker within and across tissue types, with an overall low average coefficient of variation ≤0.1.ConclusionsOur results support interchangeability of protocols and platforms to deliver robust, and comparable data using similar tissue specimens and confirm that CIMAC-CIDC analyses may therefore be used with confidence for statistical associations with clinical outcomes largely independent of site, antibody selection, protocol, and platform across different sites.

Published
2021

28. OCT4 expression in human embryonic stem cells: spatio-temporal dynamics and fate transitions

Author

Wadkin, Laura E, Orozco-Fuentes, Sirio, Neganova, Irina, Lako, Majlinda, Barrio, R A, Baggaley, A W, Parker, Nicholas G, and Shukurov, Anvar

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior
Abstract

The improved in-vitro regulation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) pluripotency and differentiation trajectories is required for their promising clinical applications. The temporal and spatial quantification of the molecular interactions controlling pluripotency is also necessary for the development of successful mathematical and computational models. Here we use time-lapse experimental data of OCT4-mCherry fluorescence intensity to quantify the temporal and spatial dynamics of the pluripotency transcription factor OCT4 in a growing hESC colony in the presence and absence of BMP4. We characterise the internal self-regulation of OCT4 using the Hurst exponent and autocorrelation analysis, quantify the intra-cellular fluctuations and consider the diffusive nature of OCT4 evolution for individual cells and pairs of their descendants. We find that OCT4 abundance in the daughter cells fluctuates sub-diffusively, showing anti-persistent self-regulation. We obtain the stationary probability distributions governing hESC transitions amongst the different cell states and establish the times at which pro-fate cells (which later give rise to pluripotent or differentiated cells) cluster in the colony. By quantifying the similarities between the OCT4 expression amongst neighbouring cells, we show that hESCs express similar OCT4 to cells within their local neighbourhood within the first two days of the experiment and before BMP4 treatment. Our framework allows us to quantify the relevant properties of proliferating hESC colonies and the procedure is widely applicable to other transcription factors and cell populations.

Published
2020

29. A Randomized Trial of Combined PD-L1 and CTLA-4 Inhibition with Targeted Low-Dose or Hypofractionated Radiation for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal CancerPD-L1/CTLA-4 Inhibition with Radiation for Colorectal Cancer

Author

Monjazeb, Arta M, Giobbie-Hurder, Anita, Lako, Ana, Thrash, Emily M, Brennick, Ryan C, Kao, Katrina Z, Manuszak, Claire, Gentzler, Ryan D, Tesfaye, Anteneh, Jabbour, Salma K, Alese, Olatunji B, Rahma, Osama E, Cleary, James M, Sharon, Elad, Mamon, Harvey J, Cho, May, Streicher, Howard, Chen, Helen X, Ahmed, Mansoor M, Mariño-Enríquez, Adrian, Kim-Schulze, Seunghee, Gnjatic, Sacha, Maverakis, Emanual, Marusina, Alina I, Merleev, Alexander A, Severgnini, Mariano, Pfaff, Kathleen L, Lindsay, James, Weirather, Jason L, Ranasinghe, Srinika, Spektor, Alexander, Rodig, Scott J, Hodi, F Stephen, and Schoenfeld, Jonathan D

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Cancer, Radiation Oncology, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Colo-Rectal Cancer, Clinical Research, Immunotherapy, Digestive Diseases, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, B7-H1 Antigen, Biomarkers, CTLA-4 Antigen, Colorectal Neoplasms, Combined Modality Therapy, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Staging, Radiation Dose Hypofractionation, Treatment Outcome, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Clinical sciences, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

PurposeProspective human data are lacking regarding safety, efficacy, and immunologic impacts of different radiation doses administered with combined PD-L1/CTLA-4 blockade.Patients and methodsWe performed a multicenter phase II study randomly assigning patients with metastatic microsatellite stable colorectal cancer to repeated low-dose fractionated radiation (LDFRT) or hypofractionated radiation (HFRT) with PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibition. The primary endpoint was response outside the radiation field. Correlative samples were analyzed using multiplex immunofluorescence (IF), IHC, RNA/T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), and Olink.ResultsEighteen patients were evaluable for response. Median lines of prior therapy were four (range, 1-7). Sixteen patients demonstrated toxicity potentially related to treatment (84%), and 8 patients had grade 3-4 toxicity (42%). Best response was stable disease in 1 patient with out-of-field tumor shrinkage. Median overall survival was 3.8 months (90% confidence interval, 2.3-5.7 months). Correlative IF and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed increased infiltration of CD8+ and CD8+/PD-1+/Ki-67+ T cells in the radiation field after HFRT. LDFRT increased foci of micronuclei/primary nuclear rupture in two subjects. CyTOF and RNA-seq demonstrated significant declines in multiple circulating immune populations, particularly in patients receiving HFRT. TCR sequencing revealed treatment-associated changes in T-cell repertoire in the tumor and peripheral blood.ConclusionsWe demonstrate the feasibility and safety of adding LDFRT and HFRT to PD-L1/CTLA-4 blockade. Although the best response of stable disease does not support the use of concurrent PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibition with HFRT or LDFRT in this population, biomarkers provide support that both LDFRT and HFRT impact the local immune microenvironment and systemic immunogenicity that can help guide future studies.

Published
2021

32. Neural tube defects as a cause of death among stillbirths, infants, and children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia: an analysis of the CHAMPS network

Author

Nawshad Uddin Ahmed, A.S.M., Hoque, Mahbubul, Kamal, Mohammed, Mosiur, Mohammad, Begum, Ferdousi, Tasnim, Saria, Flora, Meerjady Sabrina, Arjuman, Farida, Khan, Iqbal Ansary, Shirin, Tahmina, Rahman, Mahbubur, Bari, Sanwarul, Parveen, Shahana, Islam, Farzana, Hossain, Mohammad Zahid, Islam, Kazi Munisul, Ahmed, Mohammad Sabbir, Zaman, K, Rahman, Mustafizur, Ahmed, Dilruba, Chowdhury, Md Atique Iqbal, Alam, Muntasir, Lee, Kyu Han, Islam, Ferdousi, Oundo, Joseph O, Temesgen, Fikremelekot, Yeshi, Melisachew Mulatu, Ibrahim, Alexander M, Gure, Tadesse, Edris, Yunus, Alemu, Addisu, Marami, Dadi, Lemma, Ephrem, Mekonnen, Ayantu, Wale, Henok, Tesfaye, Tseyon, Leulseged, Haleluya, Dufera, Tadesse, Belachew, Anteneh, Getnet, Fentabil, Fentaw, Surafel, Acham, Yenework, Orlien, Stian MS, Abayneh Gizaw, Mahlet, Rogena, Emily, Murila, Florence, Revathi, Gunturu, Mitei, Paul K, Kuria, Magdalene, Verani, Jennifer R, Igunza, Aggrey, Nyamthimba, Peter, Oele, Elizabeth, Fairchild, Karen D, Greene, Carol L, Koka, Rima, Mehta, Ashka, Tennant, Sharon M, Johnson, J Kristie, Keita, Tatiana, Keita, Adama Mamby, Kourouma, Nana, Onwuchekwa, Uma U, Traore, Awa, Sanogo, Doh, Sidibe, Diakaridia, Sissoko, Seydou, Kone, Diakaridia, Kindcardett, Milton, Munguambe, Khátia, Nhacolo, Ariel, Nhampossa, Tacilta, Vitorino, Pio, Xerinda, Elisio, Bramugy, Justina, Monjane, Celso, Nhachungue, Sheila, Hurtado, Juan Carlos, Maixenchs, Maria, Menéndez, Clara, Ordi, Jaume, Rakislova, Natalia, Valente, Marta, Manhique, Zara, Chitungo, Dercio, Mocumbi, Sibone, Carrilho, Carla, Fernandes, Fabiola, Pass Philipsborn, Rebecca, Koplan, Jeffrey P, Garel, Mischka, Dewey, Betsy, Nair, Shailesh, Salzberg, Navit T, Liu, Lucy, Alkis-Ramirez, Rebecca, Ritter, Jana M, Zaki, Sherif R, Gary, Joy, Winchell, Jonas M, Witherbee, Jacob, Waller, Jessica L, Fayorsey, Ruby, Luke, Ronita, Bassey, Ima-Abasi, Kowuor, Dickens, Sesay, Foday, Kosia, Baindu, Pratt, Samuel, Cain, Carrie-Jo, Samura, Solomon, Solomon, Fatima, Fritz, Ashleigh, Dludlu, Noluthando, Ntuli, Constance, Chawana, Richard, Petersen, Karen, Lala, Sanjay G, Velaphi, Sithembiso, Wadula, Jeannette, Hale, Martin, Swart, Peter J, Lombaard, Hennie, Moosa, Rahima, Sorour, Gillian, Madrid, Lola, Vyas, Kartavya J, Kancherla, Vijaya, Suchdev, Parminder S, Bassat, Quique, Sow, Samba O, El Arifeen, Shams, Madhi, Shabir A, Onyango, Dickens, Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu, Scott, J Anthony G, Blau, Dianna, Mandomando, Inacio, Keita, Adama M, Gurley, Emily S, Mahtab, Sana, Akelo, Victor, Sannoh, Sulaiman, Tilahun, Yenenesh, Varo, Rosauro, Onwuchekwa, Uma, Rahman, Afruna, Adam, Yasmin, Omore, Richard, Lako, Sandra, Wise, Amy, Tippet-Barr, Beth A, Kaluma, Erick, Ajanovic, Sara, Kotloff, Karen L, Mutevedzi, Portia, Tapia, Milagritos D, Moses, Francis, Whitney, Cynthia G, and Assefa, Nega

Published
2023
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33. Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Pembrolizumab in Resectable Locally Advanced, Human Papillomavirus–Unrelated Head and Neck Cancer: A Multicenter, Phase II Trial

Author

Uppaluri, Ravindra, Campbell, Katie M, Egloff, Ann Marie, Zolkind, Paul, Skidmore, Zachary L, Nussenbaum, Brian, Paniello, Randal C, Rich, Jason T, Jackson, Ryan, Pipkorn, Patrik, Michel, Loren S, Ley, Jessica, Oppelt, Peter, Dunn, Gavin P, Barnell, Erica K, Spies, Nicholas C, Lin, Tianxiang, Li, Tiantian, Mulder, David T, Hanna, Youstina, Cirlan, Iulia, Pugh, Trevor J, Mudianto, Tenny, Riley, Rachel, Zhou, Liye, Jo, Vickie Y, Stachler, Matthew D, Hanna, Glenn J, Kass, Jason, Haddad, Robert, Schoenfeld, Jonathan D, Gjini, Evisa, Lako, Ana, Thorstad, Wade, Gay, Hiram A, Daly, Mackenzie, Rodig, Scott J, Hagemann, Ian S, Kallogjeri, Dorina, Piccirillo, Jay F, Chernock, Rebecca D, Griffith, Malachi, Griffith, Obi L, and Adkins, Douglas R

Subjects
Clinical Research, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Patient Safety, Infectious Diseases, Cancer, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Rare Diseases, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, B7-H1 Antigen, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Female, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Male, Middle Aged, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Papillomaviridae, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

PurposePembrolizumab improved survival in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The aims of this study were to determine if pembrolizumab would be safe, result in pathologic tumor response (pTR), and lower the relapse rate in patients with resectable human papillomavirus (HPV)-unrelated HNSCC.Patients and methodsNeoadjuvant pembrolizumab (200 mg) was administered and followed 2 to 3 weeks later by surgical tumor ablation. Postoperative (chemo)radiation was planned. Patients with high-risk pathology (positive margins and/or extranodal extension) received adjuvant pembrolizumab. pTR was quantified as the proportion of the resection bed with tumor necrosis, keratinous debris, and giant cells/histiocytes: pTR-0 (

Published
2020

34. The recent advances in the mathematical modelling of human pluripotent stem cells

Author

Wadkin, L E, Orozco-Fuentes, S, Neganova, I, Lako, M, Shukurov, A, and Parker, N G

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior
Abstract

Human pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for developments in regenerative medicine and drug design. The mathematical modelling of stem cells and their properties is necessary to understand and quantify key behaviours and develop non-invasive prognostic modelling tools to assist in the optimisation of laboratory experiments. Here, the recent advances in the mathematical modelling of hPSCs are discussed, including cell kinematics, cell proliferation and colony formation, and pluripotency and differentiation.

Published
2019

35. Quantification of the morphological characteristics of hESC colonies

Author

Orozco-Fuentes, Sirio, Neganova, Irina, Wadkin, Laura E., Baggaley, Andrew W., Barrio, Rafael A., Lako, Majlinda, Shukurov, Anvar, and Parker, Nicholas G.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior
Abstract

The maintenance of the pluripotent state in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is critical for further application in regenerative medicine, drug testing and studies of fundamental biology. Currently, the selection of the best quality cells and colonies for propagation is typically performed by eye, in terms of the displayed morphological features, such as prominent/abundant nucleoli and a colony with a tightly packed appearance and a well-defined edge. Using image analysis and computational tools, we precisely quantify these properties using phase-contrast images of hESC colonies of different sizes (0.1 -- 1.1$\, \text{mm}^2$) during days 2, 3 and 4 after plating. Our analyses reveal noticeable differences in their structure influenced directly by the colony area $A$. Large colonies ($A > 0.6 \, \text{mm}^2$) have cells with smaller nuclei and a short intercellular distance when compared with small colonies ($A < 0.2 \, \text{mm}^2$). The gaps between the cells, which are present in small and medium sized colonies with $A \le 0.6 \, \text{mm}^2$, disappear in large colonies ($A > 0.6 \, \text{mm}^2$) due to the proliferation of the cells in the bulk. This increases the colony density and the number of nearest neighbours. We also detect the self-organisation of cells in the colonies where newly divided (smallest) cells cluster together in patches, separated from larger cells at the final stages of the cell cycle. This might influence directly cell-to-cell interactions and the community effects within the colonies since the segregation induced by size differences allows the interchange of neighbours as the cells proliferate and the colony grows. Our findings are relevant to efforts to determine the quality of hESC colonies and establish colony characteristics database.

Published
2019

36. Seeding hESCs to achieve optimal colony clonality

Author

Wadkin, Laura E, Orozco-Fuentes, Sirio, Neganova, Irina, Bojic, Sanja, Laude, Alex, Lako, Majlina, Parker, Nicholas G, and Shukurov, Anvar

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have promising clinical applications which often rely on clonally-homogeneous cell populations. To achieve this, cross-contamination and merger of colonies should be avoided. This motivates us to experimentally study and quantitatively model the growth of hESC colonies. The colony population is unexpectedly found to be multi-modal. We associate these sub-populations with different numbers of founding cells, and predict their occurrence by considering the role of cell-cell interactions and cell behaviour on randomly seeded cells. We develop a multi-population stochastic exponential model for the colony population which captures our experimental observations, and apply this to calculate the timescales for colony merges and over which colony size no longer predicts the number of founding cells. These results can be used to achieve the best outcome for homogeneous colony growth from different cell seeding densities.

Published
2019

44. Correlated random walks of human embryonic stem cell in-vitro

Author

Wadkin, L E, Orozco-Fuentes, S, Neganova, I, Swan, G, Laude, A, Lako, M, Shukurov, A, and Parker, N G

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior, Physics - Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs
Abstract

We perform a detailed analysis of the migratory motion of human embryonic stem cells in two-dimensions, both when isolated and in close proximity to another cell, recorded with time-lapse microscopic imaging. We show that isolated cells tend to perform an unusual locally anisotropic walk, moving backwards and forwards along a preferred local direction correlated over a timescale of around 50 minutes and aligned with the axis of the cell elongation. Increasing elongation of the cell shape is associated with increased instantaneous migration speed. We also show that two cells in close proximity tend to move in the same direction, with the average separation of 70 um or less and the correlation length of around 25 um, a typical cell diameter. These results can be used as a basis for the mathematical modelling of the formation of clonal hESC colonies., Comment: 19 pages, 12 Figures

Published
2018

45. Neonates undergoing pyloric stenosis repair are at increased risk of difficult airway management: secondary analysis of the NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe

Author

Breschan, Christian, Likar, Rudolf, Platzer, Manuela, Edelman, Isole, Eger, Johanes, Heschl, Stefan, Messerer, Brigitte, Vittinghof, Maria, Kroess, Ruth, Stichlberger, Martina, Kahn, David, Pirotte, Thierry, Pregardien, Caroline, Veyckemans, Francis, Stevens, France, Berghmans, Johan, Bauters, Annemie, De Baerdemaeker, Luc, De Hert, Stefan, Lapage, Koen, Parashchanka, Aliaksandra, Van Limmen, Jurgen, Wyffels, Piet, Lauweryns, Julie, Najafi, Nadia, Vundelinckx, Joris, Butković, Diana, Sorić, Ivana Kerovec, Kralik, Sandra, Markić, Ana, Azman, Josip, Markic, Josko, Pupacic, Daniela, Frelich, Michal, Reimer, Petr, Urbanec, René, Cajková, Petra, Mixa, Vladimír, Sedláčková, Yvona, Knoppová, Lenka, Zlámalová (neé Květoňová), Alena, Vavřina, Martin, Žurek, Jiří, Hansen, Tom, Afshari, Arash, Bille, Anders Bastholm, Ellekvist, Marguerite, Ilmoja, Mari-Liis, Moor, Reet, Kikas, Reet, Väli, Merle, Kallio, Kariantti, Reponen, Elisa, Suominen, Pertti, Suvanto, Sami, Vähätalo, Raisa, Kokki, Hannu, Kokki, Merja, Harju, Jarkko, Kokkonen, Miia, Vieri, Jenni, Manner, Tuula, Catherine, Amory, Ludot, Hugues, Bert, Dina, Godart, Juliette, Laffargue, Anne, Dupont, Hervé, Urbina, Benjamin, Baujard, Catherine, Roulleau, Philippe, Staiti, Giuseppe, Bordes, Maryline, Gaulain, Karine Nouette, Hamonic, Yann, Semjen, François, Jacqmarcq, Olivier, Lejus-Bourdeau Cécile Magne, Caroline, Petry, Léa, Ros, Lilica, Zang, Aurélien, Bennis, Mehdi, Coustets, Bernard, Fesseau, Rose, Constant, Isabelle, Khalil, Eliane, Sabourdin, Nada, Audren, Noemie, Descarpentries, Thomas, Fabre, Fanny, Legrand, Aurélien, Druot, Emilie, Orliaguet, Gilles, Sabau, Lucie, Uhrig, Lynn, Brière, François de la, Jonckheer, Karin, Mission, Jean-Paul, Scordo, Lucia, Couchepin, Caroline, Dadure, Christophe, De la Arena, Pablo, Hertz, Laurent, Pirat, Philippe, Sola, Chrystelle, Bellon, Myriam, Dahmani, Souhayl, Julien-Marsollier, Florence, Michelet, Daphne, Depret-Donatien, Veronique, Lesage, Anne, Kaufmann, Jost, Laschat, Michael, Wappler, Frank, Becke, Karin, Brunner, Lena, Oppenrieder, Karin, Badelt, Gregor, Hochmuth, Karin, Koller, Bernhard, Reil, Anita, Richter, Sebastian, Fischer, Thomas, Diers, Anja, Schorer, Clemens, Weyland, Andreas, Cohausz, Ruth, Kretz, Franz-Josef, Löffler, Michaela, Wilbs, Markus, Hoehne, Claudia, Ulrici, Johanna, Goeters, Christiane, Flinspach, Armin, Klages, Matthias, Lindau, Simone, Messroghli, Leila, Zacharowski, Kai, Eisner, Christoph, Mueller, Thomas, Richter, Daniel, Schäfer, Melanie, Weigand, Markus, Weiterer, Sebastian, Ochsenreiter, Miriam, Schöler, Michael, Terboven, Tom, Eggemann, Isabel, Haussmann, Sascha, Leister, Nicolas, Menzel, Christoph, Trieschmann, Uwe, Yücetepe, Sirin, Keilig, Susanna, Kranke, Peter, Jelting, Yvonne, Baehner, Torsten, Ellerkmann, Richard, Ghamari, Shahab, Neumann, Claudia, Söhle, Martin, Chloropoulou, Pelagia, Ntritsou, Vagia, Papagiannopoulou, Pinelopi, Garini, Eleana, Karafotia, Afroditi, Mammi, Panagoula, Bali, Evangelia, Iordanidou, Despoina, Malisiova, Anna, Polyzoi, Artemis, Tsiotou, Adelais, Sapi, Erzsebet, Székely, Edgar, Kosik, Nandor, Maráczi, Veronika, Schnur, Janos, Csillag, Judit, Gál, János, Göbl, Gergely, Hauser, Balázs, Petróczy, András, Tövisházi, Gyula, Blain, Stuart, Gallagher, Sarah, Harte, Sinead, Jackson, Mandy, Meehan, Emma, Nawoor, Zeenat, O’Hare, Brendan, Ross, Mark, Lerro, Daniela, Astuto, Marinella, Grasso, Chiara, Scalisi, Rita, Frasacco, Giulia, Lenares, Elena, Leone, Roberto, Grazzini, Maurizia, Minardi, Carmelo, Zadra, Nicola, Cinnella, Gilda, Cotoia, Antonella, Galante, Dario, De Lorenzo, Brita, Kuppers, Beate, Bottazzi, Giulia, Caramelli, Fabio, Mondardini, Maria Cristina, Rossetti, Emanuele, Picardo, Sergio, Vittori, Alessandro, Camporesi, Anna, Izzo, Francesca, Calderini, Edoardo, Colantonio, Laura Brigitta, Finamore, Simona Anna, Porro, Giuliana Anna, Bonfiglio, Rachele, Disma, Nicola, Kotzeva, Svetlana, Mattioli, Girolamo, Micalizzi, Camilla, Montaguti, Alessia, Pistorio, Angela, Guddo, Anna, Neba, Gerald Rogan, Favarato, Moreno, Locatelli, Bruno Guido, Maffioletti, Micol, Sonzogni, Valter, Garra, Rossella, Sammartino, Maria, Sbaraglia, Fabio, Cortegiani, Andrea, Moscarelli, Alessandra, Attanasi, Elena, Tesoro, Simonetta, Agapiti, Cristina, Pinzoni, Francesca, Vezzoli, Cesare, Federico, Bilotta, Barzdina, Arta, Straume, Zane, Zundane, Anda, Lukosiene, Laura, Maraulaite, Irena, Razlevice, Ilona, Schmitz, Bernd, Mifsud, Stephanie, Aehling, Carolin, Allison, Celia, De Boer, Rients, Emal, Dina, Stevens, Markus, Buitenhuis, Marielle, de Graaff, Jurgen, De Liefde, Inge, Machotta, Andreas, Scoones, Gail, Staals, Lonneke, Tomas, Jeremy, Van der Knijff-van Dortmont, Anouk, Veldhuizen, Marianne, Alders, David, Schafrat, Eva, Schreiber, Jan, Vermeulen, Petronella Mari, Hendriks, Mark, Lako, Sandra, Voet-Lindner, Marieke, Pieters, Barbe, Scheffer, Gert-Jan, Tielens, Luc, Absalom, Anthony R., Bergsma, Margot, De Ruiter, Joke, Meier, Sascha, Volkers, Martin, Zweers, Tjerk, Beukers, Anne M., Boer, Christa, Dertinger, Jurgen, Numan, Sandra, Van Zaane, Bas, Boerke, Wenche B., Ekiz, Nil, Stensrud, Kristoffer, Drage, Inger Marie, Isern, Erik Ramon, Bartkowska-Sniatkowska, Alicja, Grzeskowiak, Malgorzata, Juzwa-Sobieraj, Magdalena, Rosada-Kurasińska, Jowita, Baranowski, Artur, Jakubowska, Karina, Lewandowska, Dorota, Mierzewska-Schmidt, Magdalena, Sawicki, Piotr, Urban-Lechowicz, Magdalena, Przemyslaw, Pomianek, Zielinska, Marzena, Leal, Teresa, Soares, Maria, Pina, Pedro, Pinho, Sílvia, Patuleia, Maria Domingas, Esteves, Catarina Cruz, Salgado, Helena, Santos, Maria João, Badeti, Rodica, Cindea, Iulia, Oana, Loredana, Gurita, Adriana, Ilie, Luminita, Mocioiu, Gabriel, Tabacaru, Radu, Trante, Irina, Munteanu, Valentin, Morariu, Mihai, Nyíri, Emese, Budic, Ivana, Marjanovic, Vesna, Drašković, Biljana, Pandurov, Marina, Ilic, Jordanka, Mandras, Ana, Rados, Zdenka, Stankovic, Nikola, Suica, Maja, Vasiljevic, Sladjana, Knezevic, Mirjana, Milojevic, Irina, Petrov, Ivana, Racic, Selena Puric, Simic, Dusica, Simic, Irena, Stevic, Marija, Vulicevic, Irena, Bystrica, Banská, Cabanová, Barbora, Hanula, Miloslav, Berger, Jelena, Janjatovic, Darja, Štupnik, Špela Pirtovšek, Méndez, Dolores, Pino, Gema, Rubio, Paloma, Izquierdo, Alberto, López, Silvia, Serrano, Cristina González, Cebrián, Jesús, Peleteiro, Ana, Del Rey de Diego, Pilar, García, Ernesto Martínez, Tormo de las Heras, Carolina, Montero, Pablo Troncoso, Arbona, Celia, Artés, David, Chamizo, Alicia, Serrano, Silvia, Comas, Montserrat Suarez, Escribá, Francisco, Auli, Cristina, Pardo, Osvaldo Pérez, Biddle, Natalia Sierra, Castaño, Ceferina Suárez, Villalobos Rico, María Isabel, Muñoz, Susana Manrique, Martínez, Irene García, Estruch, Nuria Montferrer, Ortíz, Elena Vilardell, Poves-Álvarez, Rodrigo, Kohn, Ivan, Lindestam, Ulf, Reinhard, Jarl, Castellheim, Albert, Sandström, Kerstin, Bengt, Sporre, Dörenberg, Rainer, Frykholm, Peter, Garcia, Maria, Kvarnström, Ann, Pontén, Emma, Bruelisauer, Thomas, Erdoes, Gabor, Kaiser, Heiko, Marchon, Mathias, Riva, Thomas, Seiler, Stefan, Bögli, Yann, Dolci, Mirko, Marcucci, Carine, Habre, Walid, Pichon, Isabelle, Vutskits, Laszlo, Casutt, Mattias, Hölzle, Martin, Hurni, Thomas, Jöhr, Martin, Malär, Anna-Ursina, Mauch, Jacqueline, Erb, Thomas, Oeinck, Karin, Akin, Mine, Keskin, Gulsen, Senayli, Yesim, Kaya, Guner, Kendigelen, Pinar, Tutuncu, Ayse Çiğdem, Hatipoğlu, Zehra, Özcengiz, Dilek, Erdost, Hale Aksu, Öçmen, Elvan, Olguner, Çimen, Ayanoglu, Hilmi, Dincer, Pelin Corman, Umuroglu, Tumay, Azizoglu, Mustafa, Birbiçer, Handan, Doruk, Nurcan, Sagun, Aslı, Baris, Sibel, Dmytriiev, Dmytro, Kuchi, Sridevi, Masip, Nuria, Brooks, Peter, Hare, Alison, Ahmad, Nargis, Casey, Michelle, De Silva, Sam, Dobby, Nadine, Krishnan, Prakash, Sogbodjor, L. Amaki, Walker, Ellie, Walker, Suellen, King, Stephanie, Nicholson, Katy, Quinney, Michelle, Stevens, Paul, Blevin, Andrew, Giombini, Mariangela, Goonasekera, Chulananda, Adil, Sadia, Bew, Stephanie, Bodlani, Carol, Gilpin, Dan, Jinks, Stephanie, Malarkkan, Nalini, Miskovic, Alice, Pad, Rebecca, Barry, Juliet Wolfe, Abbott, Joy, Armstrong, James, Cooper, Natalie, Crate, Lindsay, Emery, John, James, Kathryn, King, Hannah, Martin, Paul, Catenacci, Stefano Scalia, Bomont, Rob, Smith, Paul, Mele, Sara, Verzelloni, Alessandra, Dix, Philippa, Bell, Graham, Gordeva, Elena, McKee, Lesley, Ngan, Esther, Scheffczik, Jutta, Tan, Li-En, Worrall, Mark, Cassar, Carmel, Goddard, Kevin, Barlow, Victoria, Oshan, Vimmi, Shah, Khairi, Bell, Sarah, Daniels, Lisa, Gandhi, Monica, Pachter, David, Perry, Chris, Robertson, Andrew, Scott, Carmen, Waring, Lynne, Barnes, David, Childs, Sophie, Norman, Joanne, Sunderland, Robin, Julia, Dowell, Prisca, Feijten, Pierre, Harlet, Sarah, Herbineaux, Brigitte, Leva, Benoît, Plichon, Katalin, Virág, Engelhardt, Thomas, Hansen, Tom G., de Graaff, Jurgen C., and Virag, Katalin

Published
2022
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46. Assessment of Postharvest Practices of Tuna Sold at the Honiara Fish Market in the Solomon Islands

Author

Madeline Kili Solo, Jimaima Lako, Francis Mani, and Gilianne Brodie

Subjects
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

The study is aimed at assessing the impacts of postharvest handling practices on the quality and safety of tuna sold at the Honiara Fish Market (HFM), Solomon Islands. Two major approaches were adopted: (1) face-to-face interviews of 60 participants using questionnaires and physical observations of the supply chains and postharvest handling practices and (2) determination of time-temperature, quality index, histamine, and microbial load of tuna and contact surfaces. Sampling was conducted on both the wet season (WS) and dry season (DS), of which 36 samples from both batches of fresh tuna (FT) and brined tuna (BT) were analyzed. Three critical control points (CCPs) were identified in the supply chains of both FT and BT, where samples were obtained for scientific analyses. The average body temperature for WS tuna exposed for 9-10 h with low or no ice after catch was 3°C for FT and 15°C for BT, while DS samples were 26°C and 31°C for FT and BT, respectively. The quality index (QI) for WS showed a significant difference (P

Published
2023
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50. Physical activity level and associated factors among adult HIV patients in Ethiopia

Author

Yadessa Tegene, Selamawit Mengesha, Caroline van der Starre, Stephanie Lako, Alemayehu Toma, and Mark Spigt

Subjects
Physical activity, People living with HIV, South Ethiopia, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background People living with HIV, who take antiretroviral therapy (ART), often enjoy long and healthy lives, but this therapy has well known metabolic adverse effects. Physical activity is found to be an important factor in improving these physiological parameters. This study aimed to determine physical activity level and associated factors among HIV patients in Ethiopia. Methods An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from May to June 2019. We selected a total of 422 adult HIV patients, attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in three selected hospitals in Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected at routine care consultations by nine trained nurses using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The level of physical activity was measured by the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Result The mean age of participants was 38.7 ± 9.13 years. Of the participants, 68% were physically inactive, with a higher proportion of inactive women (74%) than men (61%) [(AOR = 1.64, 95% CI (1.07, 2.53)]. In addition, urban vs. rural residents [(AOR = 2.57, 95% CI (1.16, 5.72)] and patients who were on ART for ≥ 24 months [(AOR = 1.88, 95% CI (1.15, 3.08)] had higher odds of having a low physical activity level. Conclusion Most people living with HIV and receiving ART have low physical activity levels. Especially female and urban living patients and those with longer treatment duration have low levels of physical activity. More insight is needed on the reasons for physical inactivity among HIV patients and physical activity programs for HIV patients in low-income countries need to be developed.

Published
2022
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