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Background: The transition to adult life for those leaving foster care is a multidimensional phase of their personal development. Care leavers' life outcomes are poorer in education, employment, income, housing and parenthood compared with their peers from the general population. They suffer more than other youngsters from mental health and behavioral problems, substance abuse and involvement with criminality. Objective: This study aims to gather, assess and synthesize the current empirical evidence about subjective perceptions and experiences of former youth in foster care regarding their independent living during the transition to adulthood. Method: A systematic review was conducted of studies drawn from six databases and included quantitative studies from 2010 to 2017. Of the 37 eligible studies identified, 13 were selected for final review. Data was analyzed using a narrative method. Results: Foster care leavers identified themselves as adult and were quite confident about their future and potential for independent living. They had different coping strategies and profiles, but often faced the same challenges in finding employment, education and having a person whom they could rely on. Among the factors that supported the transition to independent living were care leavers' personal characteristics, certain care-specific features, good education, sufficient prerequisites for a safe life and social support. Conclusions: This review looked at various descriptive studies based on different conceptual perspectives, cultural contexts and methodologies. The evidence, however, still remains relatively insubstantial. Further studies are needed to provide more reliable evidence-based recommendations to inform service development, staff education and additional research activities.

Background: Professional values create a basis for successful collaboration and person-centred care in integrated care and services. Little is known about how different health and social care workers assess their professional values. Research aim: To describe and compare professional value orientation among different health and social care workers in Finland. Research design: A quantitative cross-sectional study. Participants and research context: We carried out an online survey of health and social care workers from 8 March to 31 May 2022, using the Finnish version of the Nurses' Professional Values Scale-3. The data were analysed using descriptive and advanced statistics. Ethical considerations: Permission was received from all participating organizations and those who completed the survey provided informed consent. Results: A total of 1823 health and social care workers, representing seven professional groups and students, took part. The overall level of professional values among the participants was relatively high. Commitment to providing patients and clients with equal care was more important than engaging with society and professional responsibilities in the work environment. Professional values were strongest among professionals with higher educational degrees and training in professional ethics. The same was true for workers who received organizational support for ethical practice, were satisfied with their work and had shorter work experience. Discussion: Our results showed shared professional values among different health and social care workers and students. These results are meaningful for integrated care and services. At the same time, a clear need for strengthening engagement with society and professional responsibilities for developing work environments were identified. Conclusions: Health and social care workers and students need training in professional ethics and organizational support for ethical practice and work satisfaction to maintain their professional values at different stages of their career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to compile, assess and synthesise empirical research on violence by social and healthcare clients or patients against staff and its connections to staff's well‐being at work, implementation of work and activities of leaders related to it. Background: Workplace violence against social and healthcare staff is a global and daily problem. One in three employees encounters violence from patients or clients and the risk of this is 16 times higher compared to other professions. None of the recent reviews on this topic were focused on the well‐being at work, implementation of work or leaders' role in the cases of violence of clients or patients against the staff. Design: An integrative review reported according to PRISMA Checklist. Methods: The search was conducted to CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO and Scopus databases resulting in 21 articles. The quality of the articles was evaluated, and the data were analysed narratively. Results: The workplace violence committed by clients and patients was negatively connected to staff's psychological, emotional and physical well‐being at work and to their work performance and commitment. The leaders found this form of workplace violence challenging and ethically conflicted and felt that they were left alone without training and support. The employees expressed disappointment with their leaders' activities and suggested many measures to make environment safer to staff and patients. Conclusions: In future, intervention studies are needed for prevention of workplace violence by patients and clients against staff and for supporting the well‐being at work of staff in relation to violent incidents. Relevance to clinical practice: Workplaces should introduce uniform protocols for reporting, preventing and processing workplace violence committed by clients and patients. An open dialogue with leaders and co‐workers of the cases is of high importance. Leaders and staff need training that ensure patient and work safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objectives: To describe nurses with substance use disorder (SUD) in authority disciplinary actions. Background: Nurses with SUD risk patient safety. Research evidence on the identification of nurses' SUD and related management procedures is currently sparse. Design: Retrospective document analysis of decisions related to SUD in nurses' disciplinary actions. Method: Decisions on nurses (N = 171) made by the Finnish National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health in Finland during 2007–2016 were used as data. An electronic extraction sheet was developed for data collection including variables (N = 34), of which 18 were analysed in this study with descriptive statistical methods and chi‐squared statistics. The study reported in accordance with the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies. Results: The mean age of the nurses was 43 years (SD 8.7). The most mentioned reasons for notifications leading to disciplinary actions were substance abuse with working while intoxicated and drug theft. The most mentioned intoxicants used were medicines and alcohol. On average, the first disciplinary decision was given at 6.4 months (SD 3.9) and the final decision was given at 17.9 months (SD 13.1). The most common decision was restriction of the right to practice. Conclusion: The results supported findings from previous decades and different continents, showing similar trends are prevalent globally and continue today. In future studies, countries' registers of nurses with SUD could be used to clarify the profile of nurses and develop appropriate procedures. Qualitative studies could be conducted to investigate to shed light on concealment of the phenomenon. Relevance to clinical practice: There is a need for early identification, intervention and referral to treatment as well as effective protocols for reducing nurses' risks of disciplinary actions related to SUD. It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of SUD and training for this is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]