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536 results on '"Lairson, David R."'

5. Latent classification model for censored longitudinal binary outcome.

Author

Kuo, Jacky C., Chan, Wenyaw, Leon‐Novelo, Luis, Lairson, David R., Brown, Armand, and Fujimoto, Kayo

Subjects
MARKOV processes, LATENT variables, INDIVIDUAL differences, DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics, CONFIDENCE intervals
Abstract

Latent classification model is a class of statistical methods for identifying unobserved class membership among the study samples using some observed data. In this study, we proposed a latent classification model that takes a censored longitudinal binary outcome variable and uses its changing pattern over time to predict individuals' latent class membership. Assuming the time‐dependent outcome variables follow a continuous‐time Markov chain, the proposed method has two primary goals: (1) estimate the distribution of the latent classes and predict individuals' class membership, and (2) estimate the class‐specific transition rates and rate ratios. To assess the model's performance, we conducted a simulation study and verified that our algorithm produces accurate model estimates (ie, small bias) with reasonable confidence intervals (ie, achieving approximately 95% coverage probability). Furthermore, we compared our model to four other existing latent class models and demonstrated that our approach yields higher prediction accuracies for latent classes. We applied our proposed method to analyze the COVID‐19 data in Houston, Texas, US collected between January first 2021 and December 31st 2021. Early reports on the COVID‐19 pandemic showed that the severity of a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection tends to vary greatly by cases. We found that while demographic characteristics explain some of the differences in individuals' experience with COVID‐19, some unaccounted‐for latent variables were associated with the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Comparing survival rates and mortality in operative versus nonoperative treatment for femoral neck fractures among Alzheimer's disease patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Author

Yang, Yijiong, Drake, Stacy A., Wang, Jing, Shen, Gordon C., Miao, Hongyu, Morgan, Robert O., Du, Xianglin L., and Lairson, David R.

Subjects
NECK surgery, CONSERVATIVE treatment, ALZHEIMER'S disease, TREATMENT effectiveness, RETROSPECTIVE studies, ARTHROPLASTY, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ORTHOPEDIC surgery, LONGITUDINAL method, KAPLAN-Meier estimator, ODDS ratio, FEMORAL neck fractures, INTERNAL fixation in fractures, COMPARATIVE studies, CONFIDENCE intervals, ACCIDENTAL falls, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, EVALUATION, OLD age
Abstract

Introduction: Addressing femoral neck fractures resulting from ground‐level falls in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves a personalized treatment plan. There is considerable ongoing debate concerning the relative advantages and disadvantages of surgical treatment (internal fixation or arthroplasty) vs nonoperative treatment for femoral neck fractures in older persons with AD. Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared the mortality, hazard ratio, and survival rate between operative and nonoperative treatments, controlling for patients' demographic information and baseline health status. The study population consisted of Optum beneficiaries diagnosed with AD who experienced an initial femoral neck fracture claim between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were applied to compare the treatment groups' post‐fracture survival rates and mortality. Cox regression was used to examine the survival period by controlling the covariates. Results: Out of the 4157 patients with AD with femoral neck fractures, 59.8% were women (n = 2487). The median age was 81 years. The 1‐year survival rate for nonoperative treatment (70.19%) was lower than that for internal fixation (75.27%) and arthroplasty treatment (82.32%). Compared with the nonoperative group, arthroplasty surgical treatment had significant lower hazard risk of death (arthroplasty hazard ratio: 0.850, 95% CI: 0.728–0.991, P < 0.05). Discussion: The findings suggest that the operative treatment group experiences higher survival rates and lower mortality rates than the nonoperative group. This paper provides insights into treatment outcomes of older adults with AD receiving medical care for femoral neck fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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