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1. Transcriptional dysregulation in NIPBL and cohesin mutant human cells.

Author

Jinglan Liu, Zhe Zhang, Masashige Bando, Takehiko Itoh, Matthew A Deardorff, Dinah Clark, Maninder Kaur, Stephany Tandy, Tatsuro Kondoh, Eric Rappaport, Nancy B Spinner, Hugo Vega, Laird G Jackson, Katsuhiko Shirahige, and Ian D Krantz

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Cohesin regulates sister chromatid cohesion during the mitotic cell cycle with Nipped-B-Like (NIPBL) facilitating its loading and unloading. In addition to this canonical role, cohesin has also been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulation of gene expression in nondividing cells. Heterozygous mutations in the cohesin regulator NIPBL or cohesin structural components SMC1A and SMC3 result in the multisystem developmental disorder Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). Genome-wide assessment of transcription in 16 mutant cell lines from severely affected CdLS probands has identified a unique profile of dysregulated gene expression that was validated in an additional 101 samples and correlates with phenotypic severity. This profile could serve as a diagnostic and classification tool. Cohesin binding analysis demonstrates a preference for intergenic regions suggesting a cis-regulatory function mimicking that of a boundary/insulator interacting protein. However, the binding sites are enriched within the promoter regions of the dysregulated genes and are significantly decreased in CdLS proband, indicating an alternative role of cohesin as a transcription factor.

Published
2009
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2. Loss-of-function HDAC8 mutations cause a phenotypic spectrum of Cornelia de Lange syndrome-like features, ocular hypertelorism, large fontanelle and X-linked inheritance.

Author

Kaiser, Frank J, Ansari, Morad, Braunholz, Diana, Concepción Gil-Rodríguez, María, Decroos, Christophe, Wilde, Jonathan J, Fincher, Christopher T, Kaur, Maninder, Bando, Masashige, Amor, David J, Atwal, Paldeep S, Bahlo, Melanie, Bowman, Christine M, Bradley, Jacquelyn J, Brunner, Han G, Clark, Dinah, Del Campo, Miguel, Di Donato, Nataliya, Diakumis, Peter, Dubbs, Holly, Dyment, David A, Eckhold, Juliane, Ernst, Sarah, Ferreira, Jose C, Francey, Lauren J, Gehlken, Ulrike, Guillén-Navarro, Encarna, Gyftodimou, Yolanda, Hall, Bryan D, Hennekam, Raoul, Hudgins, Louanne, Hullings, Melanie, Hunter, Jennifer M, Yntema, Helger, Innes, A Micheil, Kline, Antonie D, Krumina, Zita, Lee, Hane, Leppig, Kathleen, Lynch, Sally Ann, Mallozzi, Mark B, Mannini, Linda, McKee, Shane, Mehta, Sarju G, Micule, Ieva, Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Mohammed, Shehla, Moran, Ellen, Mortier, Geert R, Moser, Joe-Ann S, Noon, Sarah E, Nozaki, Naohito, Nunes, Luis, Pappas, John G, Penney, Lynette S, Pérez-Aytés, Antonio, Petersen, Michael B, Puisac, Beatriz, Revencu, Nicole, Roeder, Elizabeth, Saitta, Sulagna, Scheuerle, Angela E, Schindeler, Karen L, Siu, Victoria M, Stark, Zornitza, Strom, Samuel P, Thiese, Heidi, Vater, Inga, Willems, Patrick, Williamson, Kathleen, Wilson, Louise C, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Hakonarson, Hakon, Quintero-Rivera, Fabiola, Wierzba, Jolanta, Musio, Antonio, Gillessen-Kaesbach, Gabriele, Ramos, Feliciano J, Jackson, Laird G, Shirahige, Katsuhiko, Pié, Juan, Christianson, David W, Krantz, Ian D, Fitzpatrick, David R, and Deardorff, Matthew A

Subjects
Care4Rare Canada Consortium, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Humans, Hypertelorism, De Lange Syndrome, Eye Abnormalities, Histone Deacetylases, Repressor Proteins, Cohort Studies, Sequence Alignment, Amino Acid Sequence, Phenotype, Mutation, Missense, Molecular Sequence Data, Child, Child, Preschool, Infant, Female, Male, Genes, X-Linked, Cranial Fontanelles, Genetics, Rare Diseases, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Pediatric, Brain Disorders, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Aetiology, Congenital, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem genetic disorder with distinct facies, growth failure, intellectual disability, distal limb anomalies, gastrointestinal and neurological disease. Mutations in NIPBL, encoding a cohesin regulatory protein, account for >80% of cases with typical facies. Mutations in the core cohesin complex proteins, encoded by the SMC1A, SMC3 and RAD21 genes, together account for ∼5% of subjects, often with atypical CdLS features. Recently, we identified mutations in the X-linked gene HDAC8 as the cause of a small number of CdLS cases. Here, we report a cohort of 38 individuals with an emerging spectrum of features caused by HDAC8 mutations. For several individuals, the diagnosis of CdLS was not considered prior to genomic testing. Most mutations identified are missense and de novo. Many cases are heterozygous females, each with marked skewing of X-inactivation in peripheral blood DNA. We also identified eight hemizygous males who are more severely affected. The craniofacial appearance caused by HDAC8 mutations overlaps that of typical CdLS but often displays delayed anterior fontanelle closure, ocular hypertelorism, hooding of the eyelids, a broader nose and dental anomalies, which may be useful discriminating features. HDAC8 encodes the lysine deacetylase for the cohesin subunit SMC3 and analysis of the functional consequences of the missense mutations indicates that all cause a loss of enzymatic function. These data demonstrate that loss-of-function mutations in HDAC8 cause a range of overlapping human developmental phenotypes, including a phenotypically distinct subgroup of CdLS.

Published
2014

3. Cornelia de Lange syndrome is caused by mutations in NIPBL, the human homolog of Drosophila melanogaster Nipped-B.

Author

Krantz, Ian D, McCallum, Jennifer, DeScipio, Cheryl, Kaur, Maninder, Gillis, Lynette A, Yaeger, Dinah, Jukofsky, Lori, Wasserman, Nora, Bottani, Armand, Morris, Colleen A, Nowaczyk, Malgorzata JM, Toriello, Helga, Bamshad, Michael J, Carey, John C, Rappaport, Eric, Kawauchi, Shimako, Lander, Arthur D, Calof, Anne L, Li, Hui-Hua, Devoto, Marcella, and Jackson, Laird G

Subjects
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5, Animals, Humans, Mice, Drosophila melanogaster, De Lange Syndrome, DNA-Binding Proteins, Drosophila Proteins, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Species Specificity, Mutation, Genes, Insect, Molecular Sequence Data, Female, Male, Genetic Linkage, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Genes, Insect, Pediatric, Brain Disorders, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Genetics, Rare Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Congenital Disorders, Developmental Biology, Medical and Health Sciences, Biological Sciences
Abstract

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS; OMIM 122470) is a dominantly inherited multisystem developmental disorder characterized by growth and cognitive retardation; abnormalities of the upper limbs; gastroesophageal dysfunction; cardiac, ophthalmologic and genitourinary anomalies; hirsutism; and characteristic facial features. Genital anomalies, pyloric stenosis, congenital diaphragmatic hernias, cardiac septal defects, hearing loss and autistic and self-injurious tendencies also frequently occur. Prevalence is estimated to be as high as 1 in 10,000 (ref. 4). We carried out genome-wide linkage exclusion analysis in 12 families with CdLS and identified four candidate regions, of which chromosome 5p13.1 gave the highest multipoint lod score of 2.7. This information, together with the previous identification of a child with CdLS with a de novo t(5;13)(p13.1;q12.1) translocation, allowed delineation of a 1.1-Mb critical region on chromosome 5 for the gene mutated in CdLS. We identified mutations in one gene in this region, which we named NIPBL, in four sporadic and two familial cases of CdLS. We characterized the genomic structure of NIPBL and found that it is widely expressed in fetal and adult tissues. The fly homolog of NIPBL, Nipped-B, facilitates enhancer-promoter communication and regulates Notch signaling and other developmental pathways in Drosophila melanogaster.

Published
2004

8. Cornelia de Lange syndrome in diverse populations

Author

Carlos Ferreira, Tommy Hu, Monisha S. Kisling, Holly Dubbs, Vorasuk Shotelersuk, Lynne M. Bird, Danilo Moretti-Ferreira, Kisha D. Johnson, Kate Clarkson, Paul W.K. Wong, Carol A. Crowe, André Mégarbané, Paul Kruszka, Shubha R. Phadke, Ambroise Wonkam, Victoria Mok Siu, Nirmala D. Sirisena, David B. Everman, Ian D. Krantz, Marie T. McDonald, Elizabeth Roeder, Eyby Leon, Usha Pinakin Dave, E.V. Badoe, Antonie D. Kline, Katta M. Girisha, Leah Dowsett, Maximilian Muenke, Fuki M. Hisama, Kwame Anyane-Yeoba, Antonio R. Porras, Cedrik Tekendo-Ngongang, Meow-Keong Thong, Naoki Hamajima, Pranoot Tanpaiboon, Annette Uwineza, Brandon Davis, Sarah E. Raible, Shalini S. Nayak, Maninder Kaur, Vajira H. W. Dissanayake, Leticia Cassimiro Batista, Jessica Worthington, Matthew A. Deardorff, Eloise J. Prijoles, Virginia Kimonis, Louanne Hudgins, Anju Shukla, Roger E. Stevenson, Karen Fieggen, Greta Gillies, Laird G. Jackson, Leon Mutesa, Engela Honey, Zornitza Stark, Ann Ades, Sulgana Saitta, Robin D. Clark, Marius George Linguraru, Marshall L. Summar, Laurie A. Demmer, Diane Masser-Frye, Patrick Willems, Emanuela Salzano, and Stavit A. Shalev

Subjects
Adult, Male, Hypertrichosis, Microcephaly, medicine.medical_specialty, Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, Adolescent, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Cell Cycle Proteins, Article, Young Adult, De Lange Syndrome, Intellectual Disability, Intellectual disability, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Child, Genetics (clinical), business.industry, Racial Groups, Infant, Newborn, Long philtrum, Infant, NIPBL, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Phenotype, medicine.anatomical_structure, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Child, Preschool, Face, Mutation, Anteverted nares, Upper limb, Female, business
Abstract

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a dominant multisystemic malformation syndrome due to mutations in five genes-NIPBL, SMC1A, HDAC8, SMC3, and RAD21. The characteristic facial dysmorphisms include microcephaly, arched eyebrows, synophrys, short nose with depressed bridge and anteverted nares, long philtrum, thin lips, micrognathia, and hypertrichosis. Most affected individuals have intellectual disability, growth deficiency, and upper limb anomalies. This study looked at individuals from diverse populations with both clinical and molecularly confirmed diagnoses of CdLS by facial analysis technology. Clinical data and images from 246 individuals with CdLS were obtained from 15 countries. This cohort included 49% female patients and ages ranged from infancy to 37 years. Individuals were grouped into ancestry categories of African descent, Asian, Latin American, Middle Eastern, and Caucasian. Across these populations, 14 features showed a statistically significant difference. The most common facial features found in all ancestry groups included synophrys, short nose with anteverted nares, and a long philtrum with thin vermillion of the upper lip. Using facial analysis technology we compared 246 individuals with CdLS to 246 gender/age matched controls and found that sensitivity was equal or greater than 95% for all groups. Specificity was equal or greater than 91%. In conclusion, we present consistent clinical findings from global populations with CdLS while demonstrating how facial analysis technology can be a tool to support accurate diagnoses in the clinical setting. This work, along with prior studies in this arena, will assist in earlier detection, recognition, and treatment of CdLS worldwide.

Published
2019

9. The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10

Author

Deloukas, P., Earthrowl, M. E., Grafham, D. V., Rubenfield, M., French, L., Steward, C. A., Sims, S. K., Jones, M. C., Searle, S., Scott, C., Howe, K., Hunt, S. E., Andrews, T. D., Gilbert, J. G. R., Swarbreck, D., Ashurst, J. L., Taylor, A., Battles, J., Bird, C. P., Ainscough, R., Almeida, J. P., Ashwell, R. I. S., Ambrose, K. D., Babbage, A. K., Bagguley, C. L., Bailey, J., Banerjee, R., Bates, K., Beasley, H., Bray-Allen, S., Brown, A. J., Brown, J. Y., Burford, D. C., Burrill, W., Burton, J., Cahill, P., Camire, D., Carter, N. P., Chapman, J. C., Clark, S. Y., Clarke, G., Clee, C. M., Clegg, S., Corby, N., Coulson, A., Dhami, P., Dutta, I., Dunn, M., Faulkner, L., Frankish, A., Frankland, J. A., Garner, P., Garnett, J., Gribble, S., Griffiths, C., Grocock, R., Gustafson, E., Hammond, S., Harley, J. L., Hart, E., Heath, P. D., Ho, T. P., Hopkins, B., Horne, J., Howden, P. J., Huckle, E., Hynds, C., Johnson, C., Johnson, D., Kana, A., Kay, M., Kimberley, A. M., Kershaw, J. K., Kokkinaki, M., Laird, G. K., Lawlor, S., Lee, H. M., Leongamornlert, D. A., Laird, G., Lloyd, C., Lloyd, D. M., Loveland, J., Lovell, J., McLaren, S., McLay, K. E., McMurray, A., Mashreghi-Mohammadi, M., Matthews, L., Milne, S., Nickerson, T., Nguyen, M., Overton-Larty, E., Palmer, S. A., Pearce, A. V., Peck, A. I., Pelan, S., Phillimore, B., Porter, K., Rice, C. M., Rogosin, A., Ross, M. T., Sarafidou, T., Sehra, H. K., Shownkeen, R., Skuce, C. D., Smith, M., Standring, L., Sycamore, N., Tester, J., Thorpe, A., Torcasso, W., Tracey, A., Tromans, A., Tsolas, J., Wall, M., Walsh, J., Wang, H., Weinstock, K., West, A. P., Willey, D. L., Whitehead, S. L., Wilming, L., Wray, P. W., Young, L., Chen, Y., Lovering, R. C., Moschonas, N. K., Siebert, R., Fechtel, K., Bentley, D., Durbin, R., Hubbard, T., Doucette-Stamm, L., Beck, S., Smith, D. R., and Rogers, J.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): P. Deloukas (corresponding author) [1]; M. E. Earthrowl [1]; D. V. Grafham [1]; M. Rubenfield [2, 3]; L. French [1]; C. A. Steward [1]; S. K. Sims [1]; M. [...]

Published
2004
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10. De Novo Heterozygous Mutations in SMC3 Cause a Range of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome-Overlapping Phenotypes

Author

Gil-Rodríguez, María Concepción, Deardorff, Matthew A., Ansari, Morad, Tan, Christopher A., Parenti, Ilaria, Baquero-Montoya, Carolina, Ousager, Lilian B., Puisac, Beatriz, Hernández-Marcos, María, Teresa-Rodrigo, María Esperanza, Marcos-Alcalde, Iñigo, Wesselink, Jan-Jaap, Lusa-Bernal, Silvia, Bijlsma, Emilia K., Braunholz, Diana, Bueno-Martinez, Inés, Clark, Dinah, Cooper, Nicola S., Curry, Cynthia J., Fisher, Richard, Fryer, Alan, Ganesh, Jaya, Gervasini, Cristina, Gillessen-Kaesbach, Gabriele, Guo, Yiran, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hopkin, Robert J., Kaur, Maninder, Keating, Brendan J., Kibaek, María, Kinning, Esther, Kleefstra, Tjitske, Kline, Antonie D., Kuchinskaya, Ekaterina, Larizza, Lidia, Li, Yun R., Liu, Xuanzhu, Mariani, Milena, Picker, Jonathan D., Pié, Ángeles, Pozojevic, Jelena, Queralt, Ethel, Richer, Julie, Roeder, Elizabeth, Sinha, Anubha, Scott, Richard H., So, Joyce, Wusik, Katherine A., Wilson, Louise, Zhang, Jianguo, Gómez-Puertas, Paulino, Casale, César H., Ström, Lena, Selicorni, Angelo, Ramos, Feliciano J., Jackson, Laird G., Krantz, Ian D., Das, Soma, Hennekam, Raoul C.M., Kaiser, Frank J., FitzPatrick, David R., and Pié, Juan

Published
2015
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11. The Human Phenotype Ontology project: linking molecular biology and disease through phenotype data

Author

Köhler, Sebastian, Doelken, Sandra C., Mungall, Christopher J., Bauer, Sebastian, Firth, Helen V., Bailleul-Forestier, Isabelle, Black, Graeme C. M., Brown, Danielle L., Brudno, Michael, Campbell, Jennifer, FitzPatrick, David R., Eppig, Janan T., Jackson, Andrew P., Freson, Kathleen, Girdea, Marta, Helbig, Ingo, Hurst, Jane A., Jähn, Johanna, Jackson, Laird G., Kelly, Anne M., Ledbetter, David H., Mansour, Sahar, Martin, Christa L., Moss, Celia, Mumford, Andrew, Ouwehand, Willem H., Park, Soo-Mi, Riggs, Erin Rooney, Scott, Richard H., Sisodiya, Sanjay, Van Vooren, Steven, Wapner, Ronald J., Wilkie, Andrew O. M., Wright, Caroline F., Vulto-van Silfhout, Anneke T., de Leeuw, Nicole, de Vries, Bert B. A., Washingthon, Nicole L., Smith, Cynthia L., Westerfield, Monte, Schofield, Paul, Ruef, Barbara J., Gkoutos, Georgios V., Haendel, Melissa, Smedley, Damian, Lewis, Suzanna E., and Robinson, Peter N.

Published
2014
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12. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1

Author

Gregory, S. G., Barlow, K. F., McLay, K. E., Kaul, R., Swarbreck, D., Dunham, A., Scott, C. E., Howe, K. L., Woodfine, K., Spencer, C. C. A., Jones, M. C., Gillson, C., Searle, S., Zhou, Y., Kokocinski, F., McDonald, L., Evans, R., Phillips, K., Atkinson, A., Cooper, R., Jones, C., Hall, R. E., Andrews, T. D., Lloyd, C., Ainscough, R., Almeida, J. P., Ambrose, K. D., Anderson, F., Andrew, R. W., Ashwell, R. I. S., Aubin, K., Babbage, A. K., Bagguley, C. L., Bailey, J., Beasley, H., Bethel, G., Bird, C. P., Bray-Allen, S., Brown, J. Y., Brown, A. J., Buckley, D., Burton, J., Bye, J., Carder, C., Chapman, J. C., Clark, S. Y., Clarke, G., Clee, C., Cobley, V., Collier, R. E., Corby, N., Coville, G. J., Davies, J., Deadman, R., Dunn, M., Earthrowl, M., Ellington, A. G., Errington, H., Frankish, A., Frankland, J., French, L., Garner, P., Garnett, J., Gay, L., Ghori, M. R. J., Gibson, R., Gilby, L. M., Gillett, W., Glithero, R. J., Grafham, D. V., Griffiths, C., Griffiths-Jones, S., Grocock, R., Hammond, S., Harrison, E. S. I., Hart, E., Haugen, E., Heath, P. D., Holmes, S., Holt, K., Howden, P. J., Hunt, A. R., Hunt, S. E., Hunter, G., Isherwood, J., James, R., Johnson, C., Johnson, D., Joy, A., Kay, M., Kershaw, J. K., Kibukawa, M., Kimberley, A. M., King, A., Knights, A. J., Lad, H., Laird, G., Lawlor, S., Leongamornlert, D. A., Lloyd, D. M., Loveland, J., Lovell, J., Lush, M. J., Lyne, R., Martin, S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi, M., Matthews, L., Matthews, N. S. W., McLaren, S., Milne, S., Mistry, S., Nickerson, T., O'Dell, C. N., Oliver, K., Palmeiri, A., Palmer, S. A., Parker, A., Patel, D., Pearce, A. V., Peck, A. I., Pelan, S., Phelps, K., Phillimore, B. J., Plumb, R., Rajan, J., Raymond, C., Rouse, G., Saenphimmachak, C., Sehra, H. K., Sheridan, E., Shownkeen, R., Sims, S., Skuce, C. D., Smith, M., Steward, C., Subramanian, S., Sycamore, N., Tracey, A., Tromans, A., Van Helmond, Z., Wall, M., Wallis, J. M., White, S., Whitehead, S. L., Wilkinson, J. E., Willey, D. L., Williams, H., Wilming, L., Wray, P. W., Wu, Z., Coulson, A., Vaudin, M., Sulston, J. E., Durbin, R., Hubbard, T., Wooster, R., Dunham, I., Carter, N. P., McVean, G., Ross, M. T., Harrow, J., Olson, M. V., Beck, S., Rogers, J., and Bentley, D. R.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): S. G. Gregory (corresponding author) [1, 2]; K. F. Barlow [1]; K. E. McLay [1]; R. Kaul [3]; D. Swarbreck [1]; A. Dunham [1]; C. E. Scott [1]; K. [...]

Published
2006
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13. The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13

Author

Dunham, A., Matthews, L. H., Burton, J., Ashurst, J. L., Howe, K. L., Ashcroft, K. J., Beare, D. M., Burford, D. C., Hunt, S. E., Griffiths-Jones, S., Jones, M. C., Keenan, S. J., Oliver, K., Scott, C. E., Ainscough, R., Almeida, J. P., Ambrose, K. D., Andrews, D. T., Ashwell, R. I. S., Babbage, A. K., Bagguley, C. L., Bailey, J., Bannerjee, R., Barlow, K. F., Bates, K., Beasley, H., Bird, C. P., Bray-Allen, S., Brown, A. J., Brown, J. Y., Burrill, W., Carder, C., Carter, N. P., Chapman, J. C., Clamp, M. E., Clark, S. Y., Clarke, G., Clee, C. M., Clegg, S. C. M., Cobley, V., Collins, J. E., Corby, N., Coville, G. J., Deloukas, P., Dhami, P., Dunham, I., Dunn, M., Earthrowl, M. E., Ellington, A. G., Faulkner, L., Frankish, A. G., Frankland, J., French, L., Garner, P., Garnett, J., Gilbert, J. G. R., Gilson, C. J., Ghori, J., Grafham, D. V., Gribble, S. M., Griffiths, C., Hall, R. E., Hammond, S., Harley, J. L., Hart, E. A., Heath, P. D., Howden, P. J., Huckle, E. J., Hunt, P. J., Hunt, A. R., Johnson, C., Johnson, D., Kay, M., Kimberley, A. M., King, A., Laird, G. K., Langford, C. J., Lawlor, S., Leongamornlert, D. A., Lloyd, D. M., Lloyd, C., Loveland, J. E., Lovell, J., Martin, S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi, M., McLaren, S. J., McMurray, A., Milne, S., Moore, M. J. F., Nickerson, T., Palmer, S. A., Pearce, A. V., Peck, A. I., Pelan, S., Phillimore, B., Porter, K. M., Rice, C. M., Searle, S., Sehra, H. K., Shownkeen, R., Skuce, C. D., Smith, M., Steward, C. A., Sycamore, N., Tester, J., Thomas, D. W., Tracey, A., Tromans, A., Tubby, B., Wall, M., Wallis, J. M., West, A. P., Whitehead, S. L., Willey, D. L., Wilming, L., Wray, P. W., Wright, M. W., Young, L., Coulson, A., Durbin, R., Hubbard, T., Sulston, J. E., Beck, S., Bentley, D. R., Rogers, J., and Ross, M. T.

Published
2004
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15. DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9

Author

Humphray, S. J., Oliver, K., Hunt, A. R., Plumb, R. W., Loveland, J. E., Howe, K. L., Andrews, T. D., Searle, S., Hunt, S. E., Scott, C. E., Jones, M. C., Ainscough, R., Almeida, J. P., Ambrose, K. D., Ashwell, R. I. S., Babbage, A. K., Babbage, S., Bagguley, C. L., Bailey, J., Banerjee, R., Barker, D. J., Barlow, K. F., Bates, K., Beasley, H., Beasley, O., Bird, C. P., Bray-Allen, S., Brown, A. J., Brown, J. Y., Burford, D., Burrill, W., Burton, J., Carder, C., Carter, N. P., Chapman, J. C., Chen, Y., Clarke, G., Clark, S. Y., Clee, C. M., Clegg, S., Collier, R. E., Corby, N., Crosier, M., Cummings, A. T., Davies, J., Dhami, P., Dunn, M., Dutta, I., Dyer, L. W., Earthrowl, M. E., Faulkner, L., Fleming, C. J., Frankish, A., Frankland, J. A., French, L., Fricker, D. G., Garner, P., Garnett, J., Ghori, J., Gilbert, J. G. R., Glison, C., Grafham, D. V., Gribble, S., Griffiths, C., Griffiths-Jones, S., Grocock, R., Guy, J., Hall, R. E., Hammond, S., Harley, J. L., Harrison, E. S. I., Hart, E. A., Heath, P. D., Henderson, C. D., Hopkins, B. L., Howard, P. J., Howden, P. J., Huckle, E., Johnson, C., Johnson, D., Joy, A. A., Kay, M., Keenan, S., Kershaw, J. K., Kimberley, A. M., King, A., Knights, A., Laird, G. K., Langford, C., Lawlor, S., Leongamornlert, D. A., Leversha, M., Lloyd, C., Lloyd, D. M., Lovell, J., Martin, S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi, M., Matthews, L., McLaren, S., McLay, K. E., McMurray, A., Milne, S., Nickerson, T., Nisbett, J., Nordsiek, G., Pearce, A. V., Peck, A. I., Porter, K. M., Pandian, R., Pelan, S., Phillimore, B., Povey, S., Ramsey, Y., Rand, V., Scharfe, M., Sehra, H. K., Shownkeen, R., Sims, S. K., Skuce, C. D., Smith, M., Steward, C. A., Swarbreck, D., Sycamore, N., Tester, J., Thorpe, A., Tracey, A., Tromans, A., Thomas, D. W., Wall, M., Wallis, J. M., West, A. P., Whitehead, S. L., Willey, D. L., Williams, S. A., Wilming, L., Wray, P. W., Young, L., Ashurst, J. L., Coulson, A., Blocker, H., Durbin, R., Sulston, J. E., Hubbard, T., Jackson, M. J., Bentley, D. R., Beck, S., Rogers, J., and Dunham, I.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): S. J. Humphray (corresponding author) [1]; K. Oliver [1]; A. R. Hunt [1]; R. W. Plumb [1]; J. E. Loveland [1]; K. L. Howe [1]; T. D. Andrews [1]; [...]

Published
2004
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16. The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6

Author

Mungall, A. J., Palmer, S. A., Sims, S. K., Edwards, C. A., Ashurst, J. L., Wilming, L., Jones, M. C., Horton, R., Hunt, S. E., Scott, C. E., Gilbert, J. G. R., Clamp, M. E., Bethel, G., Milne, S., Ainscough, R., Almeida, J. P., Ambrose, K. D., Andrews, T. D., Ashwell, R. I. S., Babbage, A. K., Bagguley, C. L., Bailey, J., Banerjee, R., Barker, D. J., Barlow, K. F., Bates, K., Beare, D. M., Beasley, H., Beasley, O., Bird, C. P., Blakey, S., Bray-Allen, S., Brook, J., Brown, A. J., Brown, J. Y., Burford, D. C., Burrill, W., Burton, J., Carder, C., Carter, N. P., Chapman, J. C., Clark, S. Y., Clark, G., Clee, C. M., Clegg, S., Cobley, V., Collier, R. E., Collins, J. E., Colman, L. K., Corby, N. R., Coville, G. J., Culley, K. M., Dhami, P., Davies, J., Dunn, M., Earthrowl, M. E., Ellington, A. E., Evans, K. A., Faulkner, L., Francis, M. D., Frankish, A., Frankland, J., French, L., Garner, P., Garnett, J., Ghori, M. J. R., Gilby, L. M., Gillson, C. J., Glithero, R. J., Grafham, D. V., Grant, M., Gribble, S., Griffiths, C., Griffiths, M., Hall, R., Halls, K. S., Hammond, S., Harley, J. L., Hart, E. A., Heath, P. D., Heathcott, R., Holmes, S. J., Howden, P. J., Howe, K. L., Howell, G. R., Huckle, E., Humphray, S. J., Humphries, M. D., Hunt, A. R., Johnson, C. M., Joy, A. A., Kay, M., Keenan, S. J., Kimberley, A. M., King, A., Laird, G. K., Langford, C., Lawlor, S., Leongamornlert, D. A., Leversha, M., Lloyd, C. R., Lloyd, D. M., Loveland, J. E., Lovell, J., Martin, S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi, M., Maslen, G. L., Matthews, L., McCann, O. T., McLaren, S. J., McLay, K., McMurray, A., Moore, M. J. F., Mullikin, J. C., Niblett, D., Nickerson, T., Novik, K. L., Oliver, K., Overton-Larty, E. K., Parker, A., Patel, R., Pearce, A. V., Peck, A. I., Phillimore, B., Phillips, S., Plumb, R. W., Porter, K. M., Ramsey, Y., Ranby, S. A., Rice, C. M., Ross, M. T., Searle, S. M., Sehra, H. K., Sheridan, E., Skuce, C. D., Smith, S., Smith, M., Spraggon, L., Squares, S. L., Steward, C. A., Sycamore, N., Tamlyn-Hall, G., Tester, J., Theaker, A. J., Thomas, D. W., Thorpe, A., Tracey, A., Tromans, A., Tubby, B., Wall, M., Wallis, J. M., West, A. P., White, S. S., Whitehead, S. L., Whittaker, H., Wild, A., Willey, D. J., Wilmer, T. E., Wood, J. M., Wray, P. W., Wyatt, J. C., Young, L., Younger, R. M., Bentley, D. R., Coulson, A., Durbin, R., Hubbard, T., Sulston, J. E., Dunham, I., Rogers, J., and Beck, S.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): A. J. Mungall (corresponding author) [1, 2]; S. A. Palmer [1]; S. K. Sims [1]; C. A. Edwards [1]; J. L. Ashurst [1]; L. Wilming [1]; M. C. Jones [...]

Published
2003
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17. HDAC8 mutations in Cornelia de Lange syndrome affect the cohesin acetylation cycle

Author

Deardorff, Matthew A., Bando, Masashige, Nakato, Ryuichiro, Watrin, Erwan, Itoh, Takehiko, Minamino, Masashi, Saitoh, Katsuya, Komata, Makiko, Katou, Yuki, Clark, Dinah, Cole, Kathryn E., De Baere, Elfride, Decroos, Christophe, Di Donato, Nataliya, Ernst, Sarah, Francey, Lauren J., Gyftodimou, Yolanda, Hirashima, Kyotaro, Hullings, Melanie, Ishikawa, Yuuichi, Jaulin, Christian, Kaur, Maninder, Kiyono, Tohru, Lombardi, Patrick M., Magnaghi-Jaulin, Laura, Mortier, Geert R., Nozaki, Naohito, Petersen, Michael B., Seimiya, Hiroyuki, Siu, Victoria M., Suzuki, Yutaka, Takagaki, Kentaro, Wilde, Jonathan J., Willems, Patrick J., Prigent, Claude, Gillessen-Kaesbach, Gabriele, Christianson, David W., Kaiser, Frank J., Jackson, Laird G., Hirota, Toru, Krantz, Ian D., and Shirahige, Katsuhiko

Published
2012
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21. The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20

Author

Deloukas, P., Matthews, L. H., Ashurst, J., Burton, J., Gilbert, J. G. R., Jones, M., Stavrides, G., Almeida, J. P., Babbage, A. K., Bagguley, C. L., Bailey, J., Barlow, K. F., Bates, K. N., Beard, L. M., Beare, D. M., Beasley, O. P., Bird, C. P., Blakey, S. E., Bridgeman, A. M., Brown, A. J., Buck, D., Burrill, W., Butler, A. P., Carder, C., Carter, N. P., Chapman, J. C., Clamp, M., Clark, G., Clark, L. N., Clark, S. Y., Clee, C. M., Clegg, S., Cobley, V. E., Collier, R. E., Connor, R., Corby, N. R., Coulson, A., Coville, G. J., Deadman, R., Dhami, P., Dunn, M., Ellington, A. G., Frankland, J. A., Fraser, A., French, L., Garner, P., Grafham, D. V., Griffiths, C., Griffiths, M. N. D., Gwilliam, R., Hall, R. E., Hammond, S., Harley, J. L., Heath, P. D., Ho, S., Holden, J. L., Howden, P. J., Huckle, E., Hunt, A. R., Hunt, S. E., Jekosch, K., Johnson, C. M., Johnson, D., Kay, M. P., Kimberley, A. M., King, A., Knights, A., Laird, G. K., Lawlor, S., Lehvaslaiho, M. H., Leversha, M., Lloyd, C., Lloyd, D. M., Lovell, J. D., Marsh, V. L., Martin, S. L., McConnachie, L. J., McLay, K., McMurray, A. A., Milne, S., Mistry, D., Moore, M. J. F., Mullikin, J. C., Nickerson, T., Oliver, K., Parker, A., Patel, R., Pearce, T. A. V., Peck, A. I., Phillimore, B. J. C. T., Prathalingam, S. R., Plumb, R. W., Ramsay, H., Rice, C. M., Ross, M. T., Scott, C. E., Sehra, H. K., Shownkeen, R., Sims, S., Skuce, C. D., Smith, M. L., Soderlund, C., Steward, C. A., Sulston, J. E., Swann, M., Sycamore, N., Taylor, R., Tee, L., Thomas, D. W., Thorpe, A., Tracey, A., Tromans, A. C., Vaudin, M., Wall, M., Wallis, J. M., Whitehead, S. L., Whittaker, P., Willey, D. L., Williams, L., Williams, S. A., Wilming, L., Wray, P. W., Hubbard, T., Durbin, R. M., Bentley, D. R., Beck, S., and Rogers, J.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute ; P. Deloukas (corresponding author); L. H. Matthews; J. Ashurst; J. Burton; J. G. R. Gilbert; M. Jones; G. Stavrides; J. P. Almeida; A. [...]

Published
2001
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42. Automated detection of rare fetal cells in maternal blood: eliminating the false-positive XY signals in XX pregnancies

Author

Kilpatrick, Michael W., Tafas, Triantafyllos, Evans, Mark I., Jackson, Laird G., Antsaklis, Aristeidis, Brambati, Bruno, and Tsipouras, Petros

Subjects
Cell hybridization -- Research, Fetal tissues -- Research, Prenatal diagnosis, Health
Abstract

A study to develop a new method to for the differentiation of XX signals from XY signals in maternal blood from women carrying XY fetuses is conducted. The results revealed that situ hybridization signals system allows for signal to noise separation, which is required for fetal cell methods to differentiate aneuploid from normal pregnancies.

Published
2004

43. Procedural risks versus theology: chorionic villus sampling for Orthodox Jews at less than 8 weeks' gestation

Author

Wapner, Ronald J., Evans, Mark I., Davis, George, Weinblatt, Vivian, Moyer, Sue, Krivchenia, Eric L., and Jackson, Laird G.

Subjects
Chorionic villus sampling -- Evaluation, Orthodox Judaism -- Religious aspects, Abortion -- Religious aspects, Prenatal diagnosis -- Evaluation, Health
Abstract

Chorionic villus sampling can be safely done at 7 or 8 weeks' gestation, according to a study of 82 Orthodox Jewish women. This procedure is done to diagnose fetal chromosome abnormalities. Orthodox Jewish law forbids an abortion after 40 days from conception.

Published
2002

44. The Alabama Title Insurance Act of 2001.

Author

Bradford, James A. and Laird, G. Warren, II

Subjects
Title insurance -- Laws, regulations and rules, Alabama. Title Insurance Act of 2001
Published
2002

45. Genome-wide copy number analysis on DNA from fetal cells isolated from the blood of pregnant women

Author

Palle Schelde, Amy M. Breman, Else Marie Vestergaard, Elizabeth A. Normand, Chad A. Shaw, Rui Chen, Ignatia B. Van den Veyver, Steen Kølvraa, Sadeem Qdaisat, Li Zhao, Lotte Hatt, Niels Uldbjerg, Laird G. Jackson, Ripudaman Singh, and Arthur L. Beaudet

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Whole Genome Amplification, Fetus, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Copy number analysis, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal diagnosis, In situ hybridization, Biology, Molecular biology, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Single-cell analysis, embryonic structures, Genetics (clinical), Comparative genomic hybridization
Abstract

Objective Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) based on fetal cells in maternal blood has the advantage over NIPT based on circulating cell-free fetal DNA in that there is no contamination with maternal DNA. This will most likely result in better detection of chromosomal aberrations including subchromosomal defects. The objective of this study was to test whether fetal cells enriched from maternal blood can be used for cell-based NIPT. Methods We present a method for enriching fetal cells from maternal blood, subsequent amplification of the fetal genome and detection of chromosomal and subchromosomal variations in the genome. Results An average of 12.8 fetal cells from 30 mL of maternal blood were recovered using our method. Subsequently, whole genome amplification on fetal cells resulted in amplified fetal DNA in amounts and quality high enough to generate array comparative genomic hybridization as well as next-generation sequencing profiles. From one to two fetal cells, we were able to demonstrate copy number differences of whole chromosomes (21, X−, and Y) as well as subchromosomal aberrations (ring X). Conclusion Intact fetal cells can be isolated from every maternal blood sample. Amplified DNA from isolated fetal cells enabled genetic analysis by array comparative genomic hybridization and next-generation sequencing. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2016

46. Recommendations for the integration of genomics into clinical practice

Author

Alison M. Elliott, Sarah Bowdin, Leslie G. Biesecker, Margaret P. Adam, Amy E. Roberts, Ian A. Glass, Fuki M. Hisama, John W. Belmont, Sharon E. Plon, Miriam G. Blitzer, Adel Gilbert, Gail E. Herman, Laird G. Jackson, Matthew A. Deardorff, Heidi L. Rehm, Alisha Wilkens, Cynthia C. Morton, Emma Bedoukian, Louanne Hudgins, Laurie A. Demmer, Cheryl Shuman, Christian R. Marshall, John J. Mulvihill, Christopher Carew, Mindy H. Li, Raymond H. Kim, Darrel Waggoner, D James Stavropoulos, Lisa C.A. D'Alessandro, Lucia A. Hindorff, David H. Ledbetter, A. Micheil Innes, Ronald D. Cohn, Nasim Monfared, Bruce R. Korf, Gail P. Jarvik, Hans T. Bjornsson, Livija Medne, Nancy B. Spinner, Barbara A. Bernhardt, Kathleen Valverde, Gerald L. Feldman, M. Stephen Meyn, Eriskay Liston, and Ian D. Krantz

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Scope of practice, Genetics, Medical, Genetic counseling, Genetic Counseling, Genomics, Context (language use), Bioinformatics, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Exome, Genetics (clinical), Medical education, Genome, Human, business.industry, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Geneticist, Precision medicine, Human genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Medical genetics, business
Abstract

The introduction of diagnostic clinical genome and exome sequencing (CGES) is changing the scope of practice for clinical geneticists. Many large institutions are making a significant investment in infrastructure and technology, allowing clinicians to access CGES, especially as health-care coverage begins to extend to clinically indicated genomic sequencing-based tests. Translating and realizing the comprehensive clinical benefits of genomic medicine remain a key challenge for the current and future care of patients. With the increasing application of CGES, it is necessary for geneticists and other health-care providers to understand its benefits and limitations in order to interpret the clinical relevance of genomic variants identified in the context of health and disease. New, collaborative working relationships with specialists across diverse disciplines (e.g., clinicians, laboratorians, bioinformaticians) will undoubtedly be key attributes of the future practice of clinical genetics and may serve as an example for other specialties in medicine. These new skills and relationships will also inform the development of the future model of clinical genetics training curricula. To address the evolving role of the clinical geneticist in the rapidly changing climate of genomic medicine, two Clinical Genetics Think Tank meetings were held that brought together physicians, laboratorians, scientists, genetic counselors, trainees, and patients with experience in clinical genetics, genetic diagnostics, and genetics education. This article provides recommendations that will guide the integration of genomics into clinical practice.Genet Med 18 11, 1075-1084.

Published
2016

47. Evidence for feasibility of fetal trophoblastic cell‐based noninvasive prenatal testing†

Author

Sadeem Qdaisat, Amy M. Breman, Lance U’Ren, Ron Seubert, Rachel H. V. Needham, Rui Chen, Ignatia B. Van den Veyver, Jeffrey L. Werbin, Elizabeth Chang, David M. Henke, Laird G. Jackson, Jackie L. Stilwell, Arthur L. Beaudet, Li Zhao, Liesbeth Vossaert, Eric P. Kaldjian, Jennifer C. Chow, Chad A. Shaw, Daniel Campton, Yaping Yang, and Elizabeth A. Normand

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, DNA Copy Number Variations, Prenatal diagnosis, Biology, Y chromosome, 03 medical and health sciences, Chromosome 15, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Confined placental mosaicism, Genotyping, Genetics (clinical), Chromosome Aberrations, Fetus, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Original Articles, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Healthy Volunteers, Trophoblasts, 030104 developmental biology, Feasibility Studies, Original Article, Female, Trisomy, Maternal Serum Screening Tests, Comparative genomic hybridization
Abstract

Objective The goal was to develop methods for detection of chromosomal and subchromosomal abnormalities in fetal cells in the mother's circulation at 10–16 weeks' gestation using analysis by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and/or next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Method Nucleated cells from 30 mL of blood collected at 10–16 weeks' gestation were separated from red cells by density fractionation and then immunostained to identify cytokeratin positive and CD45 negative trophoblasts. Individual cells were picked and subjected to whole genome amplification, genotyping, and analysis by array CGH and NGS. Results Fetal cells were recovered from most samples as documented by Y chromosome PCR, short tandem repeat analysis, array CGH, and NGS including over 30 normal male cells, one 47,XXY cell from an affected fetus, one trisomy 18 cell from an affected fetus, nine cells from a trisomy 21 case, three normal cells and one trisomy 13 cell from a case with confined placental mosaicism, and two chromosome 15 deletion cells from a case known by CVS to have a 2.7 Mb de novo deletion. Conclusion We believe that this is the first report of using array CGH and NGS whole genome sequencing to detect chromosomal abnormalities in fetal trophoblastic cells from maternal blood. © 2016 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., What's already known about this topic? Analysis of cell‐free DNA for noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is widely practiced, and the frequency of amniocentesis and CVS has decreased.However, cell‐free NIPT is not adequate for detecting smaller deletions and duplications with high specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value.Although fetal nucleated red blood cells and trophoblastic cells are known to be present in the maternal circulation, it has not been possible to develop a reliable cytogenetic cell‐based form of NIPT. What does this study add? Fetal cytotrophoblasts were successfully recovered from maternal blood.Although a clinical test has not been validated, for the first time, the feasibility of using array comparative genomic hybridization and next generation sequencing to detect chromosomal and subchromosomal abnormalities is demonstrated.The results suggest the possibility of developing a cell‐based form of NIPT with ability to detect abnormalities with a similar accuracy as can currently be obtained with amniocentesis and CVS.

Published
2016

48. The physical maps for sequencing human chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 10, 13, 20 and X

Author

Bentley, D. R., Deloukas, P., Dunham, A., French, L., Gregory, S. G., Humphray, S. J., Mungall, A. J., Ross, M. T., Carter, N. P., Dunham, I., Scott, C. E., Ashcroft, K. J., Atkinson, A. L., Aubin, K., Beare, D. M., Bethel, G., Brady, N., Brook, J. C., Burford, D. C., Burrill, W. D., Burrows, C., Butler, A. P., Carder, C., Catanese, J. J., Clee, C. M., Clegg, S. M., Cobley, V., Coffey, A. J., Cole, C. G., Collins, J. E., Conquer, J. S., Cooper, R. A., Culley, K. M., Dawson, E., Dearden, F. L., Durbin, R. M., de Jong, P. J., Dhami, P. D., Earthrowl, M. E., Edwards, C. A., Evans, R. S., Gillson, C. J., Ghori, J., Green, L., Gwilliam, R., Halls, K. S., Hammond, S., Harper, G. L., Heathcott, R. W., Holden, J. L., Holloway, E., Hopkins, B. L., Howard, P. J., Howell, G. R., Huckle, E. J., Hughes, J., Hunt, P. J., Hunt, S. E., Izmajlowicz, M., Jones, C. A., Joseph, S. S., Laird, G., Langford, C. F., Lehvaslaiho, M. H., Leversha, M. A., McCann, O. T., McDonald, L. M., McDowall, J., Maslen, G. L., Mistry, D., Moschonas, N. K., Neocleous, V., Pearson, D. M., Phillips, K. J., Porter, K. M., Prathalingam, S. R., Ramsey, Y. H., Ranby, S. A., Rice, C. M., Rogers, J., Rogers, L. J., Sarafidou, T., Scott, D. J., Sharp, G. J., Shaw-Smith, C. J., Smink, L. J., Soderlund, C., Sotheran, E. C., Steingruher, H. E., Sulston, J. E., Taylor, A., Taylor, R. G., Thorpe, A. A., Tinsley, E., Warry, G. L., Whittaker, A., Whittaker, P., Williams, S. H., Wilmer, T. E., Wooster, R., and Wright, C. L.

Published
2001

49. Characterization of limb differences in children with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

Author

Matthew A. Deardorff, Samantha A. Schrier Vergano, Drew M. Johnson, Sarah E. Noon, Sarika Aggarwal, Devanshi Mehta, Nathan F. Miller, Ian D. Krantz, Laird G. Jackson, Akash Barot, and Maninder Kaur

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, Genetic counseling, Limb Deformities, Congenital, Congenital Abnormalities, 03 medical and health sciences, Forearm, De Lange Syndrome, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital, Syndactyly, Child, Genetics (clinical), Retrospective Studies, business.industry, NIPBL, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Hypoplasia, body regions, Developmental disorder, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mutation, Etiology, Cognition Disorders, business, Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital
Abstract

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a well-described multisystem developmental disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, growth and behavioral deficits, and cardiac, gastrointestinal, and limb anomalies. The limb defects seen in CdLS can be mild, with small feet or hands only, or can be severe, with variable deficiency defects involving primarily the ulnar structures and ranging from mild hypoplasia of the fifth digit to complete absence of the forearm. Interestingly, the upper limbs are typically much more involved than the lower extremities that generally manifest with small feet and 2-3 syndactyly of the toes and shortened fourth metatarsal. The upper limbs often manifest asymmetric involvement. The limb findings in our cohort of 378 individuals with CdLS demonstrate a consistent pattern of laterality and symmetry involvement (with increased severity of right-sided limb in individuals with asymmetric limb defects) and a correlation of more significant limb defects with an increased risk of other structural anomalies, and more severe behavioral outcomes. Additionally, we found that individuals with mutations in NIPBL were most likely to have limb defects compared to mutations in other genes with nonsense, exonic deletion, and frameshift mutations being most prevalent in those with limb defects. Characterization of the limb differences in children with CdLS may provide a tool to assist in genetic counseling and determining prognosis. This paper will review the limb involvement in a large cohort of individuals with CdLS assessing the correlation with molecular etiologies, symmetry, additional structural birth defects, and cognitive outcomes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Published
2016

50. A randomized comparison of transcervical and transabdominal chorionic-villus sampling

Author

Jackson, Laird G., Zachary, Julia M., Fowler, Sarah E., Desnick, Robert J., Golbus, Mitchell S., Ledbetter, David H., Mahoney, Maurice J., Pergament, Eugene, Simpson, Joe Leigh, Black, Susan, and Wapner, Ronald J.

Subjects
Chorionic villus sampling -- Innovations
Abstract

Transabdominal chorionic-villus sampling is as safe as the more customary transcervical technique to gather fetal cells for genetic screening. The spontaneous abortion rate following the two procedures was almost the same. Physicians were successful in obtaining a sample in one attempt in 94% of women undergoing transabdominal procedures and 90% of transcervical procedures. Physicians with the most experience were most successful in obtaining samples. Samples were contaminated with maternal cells in 2% of transcervical cases and 1% of transabdominal samples. Contamination can lead to false diagnosis. The contamination problem will be solved as laboratories become more accustomed to evaluating samples.

Published
1992

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