1. Osmotic blistering in enamel bonded with one-step self-etch adhesives
- Author
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Y.F. Mak, Pietro Suppa, Carlo Prati, David H. Pashley, C.N.S. Lai, Franklin R. Tay, Stefano Chersoni, Nigel M. King, Tay FR., Lai CN., Chersoni S., Pashley DH., Mak YF., Suppa P., Prati C., and King NM.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Materials science ,Surface Properties ,Dental Cements ,Dentistry ,In Vitro Techniques ,Osmosis ,Composite Resins ,Permeability ,03 medical and health sciences ,Blister ,0302 clinical medicine ,WATER BLISTERS ,Acid Etching, Dental ,stomatognathic system ,Dentin ,medicine ,Humans ,Bicuspid ,Composite material ,Dental Enamel ,General Dentistry ,Environmental scanning electron microscope ,Enamel paint ,business.industry ,Dental Bonding ,Adhesiveness ,Water ,Blisters ,030206 dentistry ,OSMOSIS ,Osmotic blistering ,Resin Cements ,SELF-ETCH ,stomatognathic diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Distilled water ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Methacrylates ,WATER TREES ,Adhesive ,ENAMEL ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
One-step self-etch adhesives behave as permeable membranes after polymerization, permitting water to move through the cured adhesives. We hypothesize that osmotic blistering occurs in bonded enamel when these adhesives are used without composite coupling. Tooth surfaces from extracted human premolars were bonded with 5 one-step self-etch adhesives. They were immersed in distilled water or 4.8 M CaCl2, and examined by stereomicroscopy, field-emission/environmental SEM, and TEM. Water blisters were observed in bonded enamel but not in bonded dentin when specimens were immersed in water. They collapsed when water was subsequently replaced with CaCl2. Blisters were absent from enamel in specimens that were immersed in CaCl2 only. Water trees were identified from adhesive-enamel interfaces. Osmotic blistering in enamel is probably caused by the low water permeability of enamel. This creates an osmotic gradient between the bonded enamel and the external environment, causing water sorption into the interface.
- Published
- 2004