Search

We evaluated associations between changes in dental anxiety and tobacco use, adjusted for general anxiety and depressive symptoms. The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study data, collected at gestational weeks 14 and 34 and at 3 months postpartum, were used. Questionnaires included the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL). Smoking was categorized as “stable non-smoking”, “started smoking”, “quit smoking”, and “stable smoking”. Changes in smoking and dental anxiety were evaluated “during pregnancy” (i.e., from gestational week 14 to gestational week 34) in 2442 women and 1346 men and “after pregnancy” (i.e., from gestational week 34 to 3 months postpartum) in 2008 women and 1095 men. Changes were evaluated in three smoking categories (stable non-smoking, fluctuating, and stable smoking), using data from all three time-points (1979 women and 1049 men). Modeling used repeated measures analysis of covariance. Stable smoking mothers had statistically significantly higher levels of dental anxiety (mean MDAS 12.3–12.6) than non-smoking mothers (mean MDAS 10.1–10.7) or mothers who smoked at some point during pregnancy (mean MDAS 10.8–11.5). A similar tendency was observed in fathers. However, no systematic change in dental anxiety by changes in smoking habits was observed. Those smoking during pregnancy and with high dental anxiety may need special support for smoking cessation.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine if the tooth brushing frequency and use of fluoridated toothpaste of the mother and father were associated with the tooth brushing frequency and use of fluoridated toothpaste for their 1-year-old child. Methods: This cross-sectional study is part of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Questionnaire data were obtained from 1672 mothers and 867 fathers on tooth brushing and use of fluoridated toothpaste, age, education, number of siblings and parity (when the child was 1-year-old). For 763 families (mother and father), data from both parents were available. Tooth brushing was dichotomized to at least twice daily (2x day) and less than 2x day, and use of fluoridated toothpaste for child to at least once daily and less than once daily. The association between brushing of child's teeth (both parents less than 2x day) and use of fluoridated toothpaste for the child (both parents less than once daily) with parent's own tooth brushing was modelled with logistic regression analyses adjusted for family-related variables (parents' age and education, number of older siblings) using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Families in which both parents brushed their own teeth less than 2x day were more likely to brush their child's teeth less than 2x day than families in which both parents brushed their own teeth 2x day (OR = 9.23; 95%CI = 5.42–15.69). The likelihood of not brushing the child's teeth 2x day was less strong when at least one of the parents brushed his/her own teeth 2x day (mother 2x day: OR = 1.97; 95%CI = 1.25–3.10; father 2x day: OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.51–5.40). Conclusions: Less frequent tooth brushing of both mothers and fathers was strongly associated with less frequent tooth brushing of their child. When educating parents on child oral home care, parents' own home care and inclusion of fathers also need more attention.

Objective: The objectives of this study was to find out if oral health-related quality of life and its dimensions (OHRQoL) are associated with overall quality of life (QoL) among mothers and fathers during pregnancy and whether these two constructs were associated within the family sharing the same living environment. Material and methods: The data (mothers n = 2580, fathers n = 1467) for this cross-sectional data study were collected from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort study during 2011–2015. OHRQoL was measured using a 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire and QoL by using the WHOQoL-Bref questionnaire. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess the statistical significance of the associations. Results: OHRQoL was weakly associated at the individual level with the overall QoL (mothers r = 0.21, fathers r = 0.22, p < 0.001), but the correlations within families were low for QoL and OHRQoL. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that overall QoL is a different construct than OHRQoL though slightly overlapping.

Aim: The aims were to describe the development of a modified national online OSCE during COVID-19 and assess related student feedback. Material and methods: The modified online OSCE comprising of eight question entities was organised simultaneously in all four dental institutes of Finland using the Moodle virtual learning environment. All fourth-year students (n = 179) attended the examination online at home. Student feedback was collected via an anonymous questionnaire with multiple-choice questions and open-ended questions concerning attitudes towards the modified online OSCE, as well as content and usability of the question entities in the examination. Means and standard deviations were calculated for multiple-choice questions. Content analysis was used for open-ended questions. Results: Of 179 students, 119 (66%) consented to the study. Students experienced they had received adequate information (mean 3.8; SD 1.2), had a positive attitude before the examination (4.0; 1.0) and found the practice test useful (3.7; 1.1) (range 1–5). Technical implementation (2.7; 0.7) and the difficulty of the questions (2.9; 0.6) (range 1–4) were found to be good. The teaching students received during their studies was sufficient (3.2; 0.5) (range 1–4). Content (mean 3.2; 0.4) and usability (2.9; 0.4) of the question entities were good (range 1–4). The themes arising from open-ended questions were importance and practicality of the topic (in questions) in relation to the work of a dentist and gratitude for the rapid conversion of the OSCE into an online examination despite COVID-19. The themes arising from negative experiences included difficulties in completing the examination within the time allocated, and dissatisfaction with the model answers provided after the examination. Conclusion: The positive student feedback towards the modified online OSCE encourages including an online examination to complement the traditional OSCE.

Malocclusions and dentofacial deformities associate with physical, psychological and social functioning, which are included in the concept of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). It is not clear, however, how different aspects related to malocclusion are associated with OHRQoL and how the possible associations interrelate during treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treatment of severe malocclusion and related functional and esthetic changes on OHRQoL in adult patients who undergo orthodontic or orthodontic-surgical treatment. The study group comprised ninety-four adults (34 men and 60 women, age range 18–64 years) with severe malocclusion and considerable functional problem who were referred for orthodontic or orthodontic-surgical treatment in the Oral and Maxillofacial Department at Oulu University Hospital. Data were collected using questionnaires, dental casts, dental photographs and clinical examinations before and after treatment. OHRQoL (OHIP-14), facial pain and satisfaction with dental esthetics were measured with questionnaires. The methods to measure malocclusion, temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and dental esthetics were the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index, the Helkimo index and the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the IOTN. Before treatment, associations between severity of malocclusion, TMD, facial pain and OHRQoL differed between genders. OHRQoL, malocclusion, signs and symptoms of TMD, facial pain and satisfaction with dental esthetics improved significantly during the follow-up. The greatest improvement was seen in the OHRQoL dimensions psychological discomfort, physical pain and psychological disability. Improvement in satisfaction with dental esthetics and decreased facial pain associated with improved OHRQoL. In conclusion, treatment of severe malocclusion considerably improves OHRQoL. Especially satisfaction with dental esthetics and facial pain seem to be aspects that contribute to patients’ OHRQoL., Tiivistelmä Purentavirheet sekä hampaiston ja kasvojen poikkeavuudet ovat yhteydessä fyysiseen, psyykkiseen ja sosiaaliseen toimintaan. Suunterveyteen liittyvä elämänlaatu on käsite, joka sisältää nämä fyysiset, psyykkiset ja sosiaaliset osa-alueet. On kuitenkin epäselvää, miten purentavirheeseen liittyvät eri näkökohdat ja niiden muutokset ovat yhteydessä suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun ja sen muutoksiin hoidon aikana. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia vaikean purentavirheen hoidon ja siihen liittyvien toiminnallisten ja esteettisten muutosten vaikutusta elämänlaatuun aikuispotilailla, joille tehtiin oikomishoito tai oikomishoito yhdistettynä leukakirurgiseen hoitoon. Tutkimusryhmän muodostivat 94 aikuista (34 miestä ja 60 naista, ikäjakauma 18–64 vuotta), joilla oli vaikea purentavirhe ja siihen liittyvä huomattava toiminnallinen haitta, ja jotka oli lähetetty ortodontiseen tai ortodontis-kirurgiseen hoitoon Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan hammas- ja suusairauksien klinikalle. Tiedot kerättiin kyselylomakkeiden, kipsimallien, suuvalokuvien ja kliinisten tutkimusten avulla ennen hoitoa ja sen jälkeen. Suunterveyteen liittyvää elämänlaatua (OHIP-14), kasvokipua ja hampaiden ulkonäköön liittyvää tyytyväisyyttä mitattiin kyselykaavakkeella. Purentavirheen, purentaelimistön toimintahäiriöiden ja hampaiden ulkonäön mittaamiseen käytettiin PAR-indeksiä, Helkimo-indeksiä ja IOTN:n ulkonäköosiota. Purentavirheen vaikeusasteen, purentaelimistön toimintahäiriöiden, kasvokivun ja suunterveyteen liittyvän elämänlaadun väliset yhteydet erosivat ennen hoitoa naisten ja miesten välillä. Suunterveyteen liittyvä elämänlaatu, purenta, purentaelimistön toimintahäiriöt, kasvokipu ja tyytyväisyys hampaiden ulkonäköön paranivat seuranta-aikana. Suurin paraneminen havaittiin elämänlaadun osa-alueissa psyykkinen epämukavuus, kipu ja psyykkinen haitta. Hampaiden ulkonäön paraneminen ja kasvokivun väheneminen olivat yhteydessä suunterveyteen liittyvän elämänlaadun paranemiseen. Vai

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes and interrelationships of oral health-related knowledge, attitudes and behavior between the ages of 11 and 16 during a randomized clinical trial (RCT) for controlling caries and a program of oral health promotion (OHP). The study population consisted of all 5th and 6th graders who started the 2001−2002 school year in Pori (n=1691) and Rauma (n=807), Finland. In Pori, children were exposed for 3.4 years either to both the RCT experimental regimen and the OHP, or only to the OHP. Children in Rauma acted as reference group. Questionnaire data on children’s knowledge, attitudes and behavior were gathered before, in the middle and after the follow-up. Changes in children’s knowledge, attitudes and behavior were compared according to the interventions to which they were exposed. Individual changes in knowledge, attitudes and behavior were evaluated. The hypothesized model that knowledge affects behavior directly and via attitudes was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The children who were exposed to both the RCT experimental regimen and OHP tended to improve their behaviors the most, those exposed to OHP the second most, and those in the reference group least. In knowledge and attitudes, no similar differences between groups were observed. Over half of the children had stable behaviors throughout the study. Those children whose behaviors changed were more likely to improve than to worsen them. Good baseline behavior tended to help in recovering from lapses to poor behaviors and maintaining the achieved good behavior. Among the same children, all three, knowledge, attitudes and behavior, tended to improve. Knowledge influenced behavior directly and via two interrelated attitudes, and it had smaller effect on behavior than on attitudes. Concern about developing caries lesions was a background factor. The experimental regimen of the RCT and the OHP were successful, and OHP enhanced the effectiveness of the, Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää suun terveyteen liittyvän tiedon, asenteiden ja tapojen muutosta ja keskinäisiä suhteita 11 ja 16 ikävuoden välillä karieksen hallintaan liittyvän satunnaistetun kliinisen kokeen ja suunterveyskampanjan aikana. Tutkimusjoukon muodostivat 5. ja 6. luokkalaiset lapset Porissa (n=1691) ja Raumalla (n=807) lukuvuonna 2001–2002. Porissa lapset osallistuivat joko 3,4-vuotiseen terveyskampanjaan tai sekä kampanjaan että kliinisen kokeen hoito-ohjelmaan. Raumalaiset lapset toimivat vertailuryhmänä. Kyselyaineisto kerättiin ennen, puolessa välissä ja jälkeen kliinisen kokeen ja terveyskampanjan. Tutkimuksessa verrattiin eri interventioiden vaikutusta lasten tiedon, asenteiden ja tapojen muutokseen. Yksilöllisiä muutoksia tiedossa, asenteissa ja tavoissa selvitettiin. Oletettua mallia, jossa tieto vaikuttaa tapoihin suoraan ja asenteiden kautta, testattiin rakenneyhtälömallituksen avulla. Sekä kliiniseen kokeeseen että kampanjaan osallistuneet lapset onnistuivat tapojen parantamisessa parhaiten, vain kampanjaan osallistuneet toiseksi parhaiten ja vertailuryhmän lapset huonoiten. Tiedossa ja asenteissa samanlaisia ryhmäeroja ei havaittu. Yli puolella lapsista oli muuttumattomat tavat koko seurannan ajan. Lapset, jotka muuttivat tapojaan, todennäköisemmin paransivat kuin huononsivat niitä. Lapset, joilla oli alussa hyvät tavat, todennäköisesti onnistuivat huonoon tapaan lipsahtamisen jälkeen parantamaan tapansa ja säilyttämään saavutetun hyvän tavan. Yleensä ottaen samat lapset paransivat sekä tietoa, asenteita että tapoja. Tieto vaikutti tapaan suoraan ja kahden toisiinsa yhteydessä olevan asenteen kautta. Tieto vaikutti enemmän asenteisiin kuin tapaan. Harmi reikiintymisestä oli taustatekijä. Kliinisen kokeen hoito-ohjelma ja terveyskampanja olivat onnistuneita, ja terveyskampanja tehosti hoito-ohjelman vaikuttavuutta. Lapsuudessa tavat ovat melko pysyviä. Jos terveelliset tavat opitaan jo nuorena, lipsahdukset huonoihin tapoi

The aim was to determine the association between baseline factors, such as oral health-related behavior, attitudes, knowledge and beliefs in relation to caries increment during a randomized clinical trial (RCT). A further aim was to evaluate treatment costs and health outcomes during and after the RCT. In Pori Finland, 11- to 12-year-old children with active initial caries lesion(s) participated in the RCT in 2001–05. The experimental group (n=250) received multiple measures for controlling caries. The control group (n=247) received standard dental care. In 2005–08, all received standard dental care. Regression analyses were used to study the associations between behavioral factors and caries increment. Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted (trial period), and costs and health outcomes as well as dental service utilization were evaluated (post-trial period). In the experimental group, brushing teeth twice a day was indicative of developing no new caries lesions, whereas eating candy at least once a day, predicted new lesions. In the experimental and control groups, lack of concern about cavities and lack of knowledge about mother’s dental health predicted new caries lesions. The average incremental cost for averting one DMF surface was €34. The experimental regimen was more effective and more costly than the standard dental care. The total costs decreased year after year. The mean total cost per adolescent was lower and the clinical outcome was better among the former participants in the experimental group. The utilization of dental services was significantly more regular among the former participants in this group. It may be feasible to control caries more effectively by affecting toothbrushing, candy eating and oral health-related attitudes, as preventive procedures may be ineffective if those factors are not in order. It is important to discuss oral health-related topics in families, because this may improve the oral health-related behavior of childr, Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää satunnaistetun kliinisen kokeen alussa rekisteröityjen suunterveyteen liittyvien tapojen, tietojen, asenteiden, uskomusten ja karieskertymän välisiä yhteyksiä. Lisäksi arvioitiin hoitokustannuksia ja hoidollisia tuloksia sekä kokeen ajalta että kokeen jälkeiseltä ajalta. Ne 11–12-vuotiaat lapset, joilla oli ainakin yksi alkava aktiivinen kariesvaurio, osallistuivat kokeeseen Porissa vuosina 2001–05. Koeryhmän lapset (n=250) saivat tehostettua ehkäisevää hoitoa ja kontrolliryhmän lapset (n=247) tavanomaista hammashoitoa. Kaikki saivat tavanomaista hammashoitoa vuosina 2005–08. Käyttäytymisellisten tekijöiden ja karieskertymän välisiä yhteyksiä tutkittiin regressioanalyysien avulla. Kustannusvaikuttavuusanalyysi tehtiin kokeen ajalta. Hoitokustannuksia ja hoidollisia tuloksia sekä palveluiden käyttöä arvioitiin kokeen jälkeiseltä ajalta. Lapsilla, jotka harjasivat vähintään kaksi kertaa päivässä, oli yleensä ehjät hampaat, kun taas lapsilla, jotka söivät päivittäin makeisia, oli useasti reikiä. Huolettomuus reikiintymistä kohtaan ja tietämättömyys äidin hampaiden kunnosta näkyi lasten hampaiden reikiintymisenä. Yhden hammaspinnan säästyminen paikkaukselta maksoi keskimäärin 34 €. Koeryhmän saama hoito oli vaikuttavampaa, mutta kalliimpaa kuin kontrolliryhmän saama hoito. Kokonaiskustannukset laskivat vuosi vuodelta. Keskimääräiset hoitokustannukset olivat pienemmät ja hammasterveys parempi entisen koeryhmän jäsenillä kuin kontrolliryhmäläisillä. Myös palveluiden käyttö oli säännöllisempää koeryhmässä. Karieksen hallintaa voidaan todennäköisesti tehostaa vaikuttamalla hampaiden harjaukseen, makeisten syöntiin ja suunterveyteen liittyviin asenteisiin. On tärkeää varmistaa, että nämä asiat ovat kunnossa, koska ehkäisevät toimenpiteet saattavat muuten jäädä tehottomiksi. Suunterveyteen liittyvistä asioista olisi hyvä keskustella perheissä, koska asioiden esillä pitäminen voi vaikuttaa suotuisasti lasten terveystapoihin.

Tandlægeangst