Search

Several processes allow the improvement of soils such as vibrocompaction, stony columns, static horizontal compaction etc. These processes reduce the risk of liquefaction potential and making it possible to build on this type of soil when the space restriction require it. Stone columns are a recognized method of soil improvement, which consists of creating large diameter columns using special vibrators with granular filling materials introduced into the ground. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of stone columns, made in a seismic zone containing liquefiable materials, with regards to the reduction of the risk of liquefaction and the improvement of the bearing capacity of the soil. The approach followed is the exploitation of geotechnical investigation tests (CPT Cone Penetration Test), (SPT: Cone Penetration Test, (pressuremeter tests), carried out before and after soil treatment. This study showed that the network of gravelled columns produces an enhanced soil improvement effect by improving the modulus of elasticity of the soil and reducing settlement and the risk of liquefaction after treatment. The process allows for the improvement of the geotechnical characteristics of its soils, making it possible to build infrastructure and development projects in the area.

During earthquakes, the shear strength and bearing capacity of saturated sandy soils decreases; this is related to an increase in pore pressure. In the ultimate state, the pore pressure becomes equal to the initial effective stress, at which time the material loses all its resistance and liquefaction occurs. Thus, the prediction of the post-liquefaction settlement of the soil is an important step to reduce the seismic risk. Several methods have been developed for the prediction of Seismic-Induced Settlement, the most widely used is that based on the results of in-situ tests SPT, and Several soil reinforcement techniques can be considered, the choice depends mainly on the grain size of the soil to be treated. This article presents a comparative study of the methods for evaluating Seismic-Induced Settlement based on the experimental results of the in situ SPT tests, applied to an earthquake-prone area in northern Morocco which had specific soil formations characterized by the existence of layers of sand over several meters, which suggests the possibility of soil liquefaction and proposes a method of reducing the risk of liquefaction. The analysis of existing SPT data leads to interesting conclusions both in terms of the comparative analysis of methods for the prediction of the post-liquefaction settlement and the understanding of the effect of Soil treatments by Stone Columns to mitigate the risk of liquefaction.

Vibro-compaction is a recent technique for treating soils in the mass, thus improving its mediocre geo mechanical properties. In addition, this treatment makes it possible to minimize the risk of liquefaction, it is closely linked to the grain size of the soil to be treated. The soil underlying the construction project of the port of Nador in Morocco requires treatment to improve its characteristics and in particular to minimize the risk of liquefaction, given that Morocco is in a collision zone, near the border between the two African-Eurasian plates that are seismically active (earthquake in the city of Al Hoceima in 2004 in Morocco). The purpose of this work is to test the different parameters of vibro-compaction (mesh, vibration frequency, height of passes, duration of compaction) necessary to obtain the objectives set for the work (relative density ≥ 77 %), through the carrying out of an embarkation test on the substitute sands of the main breakwater of this Port. The in situ control tests (CPT) of the main dam, which were carried out by the substitution sand, made it possible to confirm the results of the test bench. These results stipulate on the one hand that the vibro-compaction mesh of 4.00 m is the most optimal and on the other hand that the relative density is an important parameter of liquefaction control.

This paper presents the Biosolutions proposed to combat salinity and agricultural pollution in Coastal Chaouia. The integration of methods (Markov, CA Markov, AHP, MCDA, IDW) to GIS and remote sensing allowed to detect economic and socio-environmental problems in the study area. The results proved that the Coastal Chaouia is facing major salinity problems as well as agricultural pollution. In order to mitigate the gravity of these problems, the introduction of Avicennia Marina is an effective solution to combat desertification in saline coastal areas. PGPR offers interesting applications for improving agricultural productivity. Anaerobic digestion process will allow to valorize solid wastes from agricultural activity and animal production. The proposed BioSolutions as well as the elaborated maps can be shared with stakeholders and farmers via the GIS-Cloud to ensure the preservation of the potentialities in the Coastal Chaouia.

The road construction sector draws large quantities of materials every day to meet the needs of infrastructure networks. The main aim of the link between different regions is to facilitate the transport and connection of these agglomerations. With such a pace, a shortage of these materials is worsening by the day, causing an imbalance in our “ecosystem” on the way. All these factors and many others have raised the alarm among managers in the construction industry. Environmental organizations have since been constantly seeking palliative solutions to this global scourge. In addition, several industries generate a large amount of waste annually, in some cases recoverable while respecting certain technical and environmental criteria. It is in this environmental approach, embracing a philosophy of circular economy that multiple co-products (Slag, Fly Ash, Phosphogypsum, Silica Fume…etc.) have been tested and numerous studies have demonstrated their ability to be used as a substitute for natural resources. In this respect, the following article will focus, through studies conducted in public laboratory, on various mixtures of the "soil-slag" couple to assess their possible use in road engineering. First, an identification of the materials (soil from the Sidi Kacem region and slags from a steel industry) to be adopted in our analysis will be carried out, then we will proceed to Proctor/CBR tests on soil-slag mixtures, defined in advance in order to decide on the possibility of developing them in road engineering and thereby reduce the quantities in contribution of noble materials.

The Kenitra city belongs to the Rharb-Mamora domain, which is affected by a continuous subsidence from the Middle Vindobonien to the present day. The sedimentary cycle of the tertiary era ends at the Pliocene, characterized by regressive character deposits identified in outcrop at the margins of the basin: They are conglomerates in the North, yellow sands in the East, sands and sandstone in the South-East. These sandy deposits vary from more or less clayey sand to greying sand, with the appearance of a very loose sand layer, at varying depths. It is with this directive that the objective of this article is to define the risks, which may affect the works built on this soil, and also determine the actions to be taken to control these risks. As a first step, an experimental approach was carried out, including in situ and laboratory tests in order to identify these formations and define their mechanical behavior. Then, the results of geotechnical survey were analyzed and exploited in calculations of bearing capacity, settlement, liquefaction,… eventually resulting in the necessity of treatment and reinforcement of this soil. These approaches have shown that there are several soil reinforcement techniques, the choice of which depends on the granulometry of soil and the cost of project.

The process of removing organic components from wastewater as BOD5 through wastewater treatment plants has been proven to be a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, mainly methane CH4, carbon dioxide CO2 and nitrous oxide N2O. The reduction of these emissions has attracted more interest given their major contribution to global warming. This study was able to identify and estimate the amount of methane and CO2 emissions on a monthly basis by a simple modeling approach and an empirical method (IPCC) for N2O emissions, in the case of Ain-Taoujdate wastewater treatment plant, throughout the years 2013, 2018 and 2019. The results showed that anaerobic ponds were the main source of on-site emissions with 66% of total contribution and 33% for facultative ponds, followed by the energy consumption of the pumping station as off-site GHG emissions.

By its dual function of consolidation and sealing, injection treatment is the most appropriate process to solve the majority of problems in the most diverse soils. Concerning a foundation, the use of this treatment makes it possible to reduce or eliminate karst risks by taking into account the geological implications of each region. However, its effectiveness is difficult to measure, especially when it comes to the treatment of a dam site where the waterthigtness of the foundation is essential for overall stability. A control of the parameters that regulate the injectability of the karst as well as a good knowledge of the karst environment allows the correct evaluation of the nature of the products and the methods of implementation of the grout curtain guaranteeing the safety of the structure. It is from this perspective that a statistical study of karst anomalies was carried out on the foundation of El Ghrass dam in order to define an adequate distribution of these karsts, which is essential for the determination of the pattern of injection (drilling spacing, alignments) necessary for the preparation of the quantities of the injection market.

An experimental company was carried out to better understand the influence of curing temperature on the mechanical behaviour of cementitious materials, particularly compressive strength, the study focused on two types of mortars, the first containing polypropylene fibers while the second contains a proportion of PVC-type plastic grains from industrial waste, the hydration kinetics of the different components of the formulated mortar has been characterized by the isothermal calorimetric test, thus a history of the hydration degrees has been established, Afterwards, an attempt was made to correlate the compressive strength with the evolution of the degree of hydration for the different formulations, based on the results obtained, it is clearly observable that the compressive strength evolves with the degree of hydration and that the specimen containing the polypropylene fibers has the best mechanical performance with respect to compression.

Natural underground cavities represent a major risk that compromises the durability of infrastructures and buildings and requires an urgent evaluation in order to be integrated in urban planning and decision-making. Nevertheless, the assessment of the hazard related to them requires a better understanding of the complexity of karst phenomena that may be well-developed in an area even without the presence of any surface indices. Actually, evolutions of karst underground features are controlled by a set of predisposing factors. The present study aims to contribute to the delineation and characterization of underground cavities in the coastal part between Safi and Oualidia. The choice of the study area was based on a preliminary analysis of site conditions and the main controlling factors of superficial karst especially those related to geology, hydrology and geomorphology. In this part of Safi region, The high salinity of seawater enhances the process of dissolution creating so an aggressive environment and favorable conditions for an accelerated extension of karst networks. In order to detect and estimate the approximate extensions of karst networks and features in this area, results of seven electrical profiles were interpreted in correlation with available geological and hydrogeological information.

The deformation and failure mechanisms on slopes and in particular the excavations, are very complex. Slope stability analysis is performed using two types of methods: analytical and numerical, which are compared in this article to evaluate their efficiency. The excavation object of this study is situated on the high-speed line between Kenitra and Tangier, specifically in the rural commune of Hjar Nhal, Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region. It extends for a 1170 m length, its maximum height is 62 m at the axis. The soil of the site is characterized by pelitic formations with the existence of numerous water sources at the base of the excavation. Modelling by analytical methods showed that the excavation did not present a stability problem, contrary to numerical modelling. Firstly, the analysis of the results shows that before the failure, the soil is continuous and that its behaviour cannot be analysed by analytical methods, because a fracture surface cannot be established. It is then necessary to consider numerical methods that take into account the entire volume to analyze the movements and their evolution over time. Secondly, hypotheses have been made about the possibility of a poor estimation of the mechanical characteristics of the soils that constitute the excavation. The review of geotechnical investigations has shown that these soils are coarse with discontinuities that favour water infiltration, and are difficult to characterize, which can lead to an overestimation of their mechanical characteristics.

Liquefaction is a hazardous and temporary phenomenon by which water saturated soil loses some or all of its resistance. The undrained conditions linked to the cyclic load increase the pores water pressure inside the soil and consequently reduce effective stress. As a result, the soil can no longer resist or hold the shear forces, and lead to enormous deformations that directly influence the stability of structures and infrastructures foundations. Since 1964, several semi-empirical methods have been invented to evaluate the liquefaction potential using the in-situ test results. This study is based on the correlation between experimental data results of Menard pressuremeter and SPT dynamic penetrometer tests. Samples used in this test come from the Rhiss dam located in the North of Morocco, 24 kilometers as the crow flies from the town of Al Hoceima and south of the foundations of a calcareous ridge. The studied area have high seismic activity and a high percentage of fine soil elements, which suggests the possibility of soil liquefaction. We present and discuss the results of applying Idriss and Boulanger, and Youd et al methods in the evaluation of liquefaction susceptibility.

The collapse of the subsoil creates a risk for the population whether it is urban or rural. Each year, the damage caused by these collapses has considerable socio-economic consequences, and the damage costs are very high. Thus, the detection of these areas of collapse in urban and rural areas is important to prevent and avoid socio-economic consequences, and to establish a preventive risk planning to have a better protection of people and goods. The commune of Swalah, study area, belongs to the province of El Jadida which is part of those areas of Doukkala exposed to the risk of collapse due to the presence of underground cavities. These cavities are potentially dangerous for humans, especially in urban areas. They have different extensions that can be caused by natural or anthropic origin. Their size, as well as the physical properties of the external environment in which they are located, allow the use of different geophysical methods. The use of these geophysical methods is the best to detect and delineate cavities in this region. The present study was based on a geophysical compaign of vertical electrical soundings. Indeed, 50 electrical soundings were modeled and reinterpreted and allowed to detect and delineate any potential cavities in the region.

The Medersa’s concept was born in the Maghreb with Merinid dynasty. The sovereign merinid gave great importance and value to knowledge and development of intellectual and political Muslim’s life. In this work we will clarify the ingenuity of the constructors, the richness and the power of the merinid in time and space by establishing a comparative study dealing with the architectural, archaeological and technical aspect for a better Orientation of rehabilitation of such types of Muslim construction with regard to the preservation of architecture and the choice of building materials.

Like any historical monument flap and around the world, the archaeological site of Chellah named world heritage known chemical and physical degradation due to known natural agents: rainwater, runoff, temperature, humidity, ground movement, bacteria and air pollution. To remedy these degradations several actions were taken by the authorities concerned, but these actions were traditional, superficial and temporary and therefore they brought little lasting remedy to such degradation. To do this, we will try in the present work to analyze these factors degrading to better design the inventory of the monument Chellah.

Mine waste and process tailings storage is one of important challenge for which mining operations are increasingly confronted. Treatment discharges of plants and main part of waste rock development are generally stored on surface areas. The volume and chemical characteristics of these materials generate serious problem for required storage spaces and mainly environmental degradation. Paste backfill (PBF) is one of ingenious solutions to minimize the quantity of tailings to store. PBF is basically defined as a combination of mine processing tailings, binder, and water mixing. The purpose of this paper is to present backfilling components characterization and formula verification for a waste valorization solution through paste backfilling technology in Imiter operation. Obtained results and realized analysis demonstrate PBF conformity and adequacy with assigned underground functions. However the studied recipe can be more ameliorated to obtain an optimal mixture ensuring the required mechanical strength. Keywords: Mining waste, Process tailings, Valorization, Paste backfill, Uni-axial compressive strength

The purpose of this paper is to implement a methodology based on stakeholders’ judgment with assistance of fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods to assess the environmental impact. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is used as a multi-level decision-making tool taking into consideration human evaluation; it captures the vagueness in ordinal judgments obtained from stakeholders’ filled questionnaires and translates them into priorities which are not vague. Fuzzy ELECTRE III (ElLimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalite), the elimination and choice translating reality method, is employed to opt for a solution to mitigate the assessed impacts. This work proposes an integrated decision-making approach applied in the case study of the urban waste landfill of Tangier City in north Morocco.

Historical monuments in Morocco represent a heritage, of great value in terms of its history, culture, civilization and identity. This heritage is a non-renewable resource considered as one of the essential aspects of modern communities and contributes to the sustainable development of the country. Unfortunately, these monuments are subject to pathologies due to several factors that threaten its sustainability. The choice of the type of intervention thus becomes a strategic decision that has a crucial impact on the historic monument. Indeed, it requires a global approach because it involves simultaneously a multitude of stakeholders and a multitude of criteria (technical, environmental, social, political or administrative, human etc …). Several models in the literature have focused on the multi-criteria decision support process. This work proposes a decision support method based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, in order to apply it to a choice of an intervention strategy on historic monuments. Then, this approach is applied to the case of the enclosure of the old medina of Salé.

Agricultural expansion in developing countries requires a strategy to develop the agricultural sector in a sustainable and rational manner, despite its complexity to be achieved. The objective of this work is to develop an agricultural Suitability map, based on a flexible and interactive model between several methods, which are the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), and the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA),integrated into the GIS. The factors selected in this study are slope, elevation, land use, minimum and maximum temperature,also rainfall for both the dry and rainy periods. The analysis of the suitability map revealed the effectiveness of this model, which allowed the detection of areas unsuitable for agricultural development. the Comparison of the suitability map with the 2019 classified map shows that agricultural expansion is highly developed and covers almost the total area, which has had negative consequences on the groundwater quality of the Coastal CHAOUIA aquifer.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climate change is manifested by the increase in average surface atmospheric temperatures and a decrease in rainfall. The impacts are multiple, complex and differentiated from one region to another in the world. In the Guelmim region (southern Morocco), climate change is manifested by severe droughts and/or recurrent floods. The objective of this study is to characterize the recent and future climate variability in the Guelmim region based on time series of precipitation, the study period goes from 1985 to 2017, and from 2020 to 2099 using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI).Results of SPI analysis indicate that the most notable droughts for their varying intensity, duration and frequency occurred during the 1992-94 and 1997-2000 periods. Future analysis indicates the study area will face several extended periods of drought and wet during 2020 to 2099. The results of this study show also the link between North Atlantic Oscillation and winter precipitation in Guelmim, which are associated with the negative phase of NAO. The purpose of the study is to have a good management of crops and water resources in Guelmim region and either to insure a sustainable management of environment.

Starting each geotechnical work site needs a preparatory study and a pre-design. Both of them requisite an observation intervention before, in particular, those in urban sites. The purpose of this paper is to explain how observation combined with modeling makes it possible to manage the difficulty and complexity of this type of project, based on the observational method. Thus, a safe geotechnical structure requires a modeling based on observation investigation and site survey. In accordance with the site’s context, the model will be verified to see if the actual behavior is consistent with the design modeling. On this manner, we will detail this illustrated approach on several concrete geotechnical projects cases. This article will also include a case study of Alboustane clinic’s extension, in Morocco, to illustrate this method.

The Eastern High Atlas (Morocco) contains a variety of rocks with different magnetic susceptibility, among these rocks are those which constitute the Proterozoic and Paleozoic basement of the plain of Tamlelt which is the study area. This work is devoted to the analysis and interpretation of the main magnetic anomalies using the Oisis Montaj program, and the correlation using ArcGis software, from the main « magnetic facies» detected, to the main geological formations affecting the geological basement, highlighted in the plain of Tamlelt. The map of the residual magnetic field shows elongated magnetic anomalies in the direction E-W and NE-SW. the reduction to the pole shows at the level of the plain of Tamlelt a large anomaly elongated in the direction E-W then in the direction NW-SE. The transformation of Tilt Angle allowed to delimit the anomalies of low or high amplitude that limit the shallow structures. The quantitative interpretation of the main magnetic anomalies highlighted in the study area has made it possible to characterize the deep structure of the magnetic bodies, which could contain sulphide clusters, according to the geological and mining context of the studied area.

The assumptions of the application of the characteristic lines method, a homogeneous ground in particular, with an isotropic state of stress, made it a powerful and fast tool of pre-dimensioning the deep tunnels. For which the at-rest earth pressure coefficient is approaching 1 and subsequently the state of stress could be likened to an isotropic state. This method consists of taking into account the interaction between the soil and the structure, and thus supposes that the soil, in the hypotheses mentioned above, following a digging, discharges and converges towards the center of the excavation accompanied by an increase in the load applied on the support supposed perfectly circular and homogeneous until equilibrium.

Rif Chain (North of Morocco) is subject of ground instabilities. Several studies analyzed landslides’ triggering factors and confirmed that water is a predominant factor. Once a landslide occurs, it damages the roadway paralyzing traffic especially Mediterranean Bypass Road which links the North of Morocco from East to West. To open up population, recovery maintenance requires a heavy budget. Thus, this paper proposes a preventive solution based on automatic recognition of pavement degradations (cracking and tearing) that allow water penetration through pavement until reaching ground support or even deeper layers destabilizing slopes and then triggering landslides. This study applies deep convolutional neural network using pretrained AlexNet model, to automate image classification of road pavement and recognition of three classes (presence of cracking, presence of tearing and absence of degradation). Then to save more time in training and classifying, a second classifier is trained to simply distinguish between two classes (pavement degraded and pavement not degraded).

The earthquakes are abrupt and sudden, and, in few seconds, they can lead to huge casualties. Nowadays, several approaches can be used to better know the seismic movement than we can expect when and where will have an earthquake. These approaches kind, always begins with a full study of the seismic action: the seismic birth, the wave formation and propagation, accelerometers and associated spectrum representation, etc.

Liquefaction is a hazardous and temporary phenomenon by which a soil saturated with water loses some or all of its resistance. The undrained conditions and a cyclic load increase the pores water pressure inside the soil and therefore a reduction of the effective stress.

The plateau of Settat is formed by Paleozoic age formations surmounted by a subhorizontal cover made up mainly of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks formed of limestones, sandstones and clays with alternating marly limestones and marls. The study area is characterized by a dry to semi-dry climate, an endorheic hydrographic network that flows into the plain, and is affected by a hydraulic fracturing network of WNW-ESE and NE-SW directions. These factors cause repetitive and cyclical disturbances and disorders recorded on the railway section between Settat and Machraa Ben Abbou and are due to the shrinkage-swelling of the clay formations. The statistical and critical analysis of the defects identified by the device of measuring the geometric parameters of the railway, coupled with an exploitation of the Optical and Radar satellite images, made it possible to refine the geological, hydrological and structural study of the plain studied. These approaches have shown that this hazard has been favored by the existence of recent clayey and swelling formations under the influence by the climatic, hydrological and geological contrasts marked by intense hydraulic fracturing of the zone.

The problems of the stability of the mineral-bearing structure ST2 at 560 m of depth in the east zone of Bou-azzer mine disturbs the advance of the exploitation. The geological and structural study based on field observations and the analysis of core drilling shows the presence of altered and fractured diorite surmounted by cobalt mineralization. Based on the empirical methods of Barton (Q-system) and Bieniawski (RMR) the bed rock is classified as poor quality. The analytical study made it possible to dimension supporting by bow-pieces and bolting. The existence of several types of discontinuities (fault, diaclases and joints) has made the realization of numerical simulation by the finite elements method very difficult. These discontinuities create a network of natural fractures which cut out the blocks in various forms likely to be detached or slip into the excavation, thus encouraging the infiltration of water creating pressure on the massif. The classical studies show their limits in practice for installation of supporting because they must take into account the characteristics of discontinuities. Hence a structural analysis of the massif is essential. The cracking survey of ST2 at 560 m of depth in the east zone of Bou-azzer mine at 560m of depth, and their processing by the DIPS software, showed the existence of three main families of discontinuity NW-SE with a dip of 75SW, NS subverticale and NE-SW with a dip of 57NW, and two families of minor joints NW-SE and NE-SW with successive dips of 40SW and 75SE. The analysis of fracturing surveys allowed us to evaluate the risks of falling blocks and the families of discontinuity responsible for them, and to limit the zones presenting a risk of slip and the families responsible for them. The importance of this study is of knowing how and where to put supporting to be opposed to the risk of fall and tilting of the blocks, caused by the network of discontinuities of the massif.

Water erosion is a natural phenomenon, the severity of which is related to several parameters depending on the raindrop impact, the characteristics of the soil and the level of human intervention. The risk of water erosion occurs in both drainage basins and road and rail slopes. Indeed, this phenomenon can be aggravated causing major gullies and landslides. The PK 94 of the Taourirte-Nador railway line, located in the oriental region of Morocco, whose slopes are formed by silt-clay formations experiencing intense erosion. The Moroccan experience for the slopes protection of water erosion knows the use of several methods in particular; concrete arcades and methods based on biological engineering. The objective is to contribute to this subject by proposing the use of concrete lozenges technique. It have the advantage of reducing both the area at risk of erosion and especially the length of slope which is an important factor in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation RUSLE used to quantify the quantities of soil eroded.

Nowadays, many assumptions hold that returning to rammed earth construction could be a solution to the energy challenges of the time. These assumptions are based on the ability of the material to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature regardless of the outdoor climatic variations. However, its influence on the energy performance of buildings remains little explored so far. This paper comes in this order of ideas. It is devoted to study and evaluate the energy efficiency of rammed earth buildings compared to those in concrete structure and masonry envelope. It takes as case study two buildings: one is traditional, entirely built with the technique of rammed earth; the other is constructed of concrete. In order to compare between their performances, we have performed a simulation of the thermal behavior of each by the dynamic thermal simulation software Design Builder.

Throughout the last decades, many authors have published empirical correlations between rock mass classification systems that have arisen from a series of measurements and observations with the special conditions of the work site; this means that the validity of these expressions is strongly dependent on the knowledge of the original data from which they were deduced. Consequently, none of these expressions are universal nowadays. In recent years, the principal corps B3 “CPB3” of IMITER mine area has witnessed massive mining activities involving a large amount of underground excavation, the rock mass characteristics are undoubtedly the essential requirements for empirical design and numerical modeling. Therefore, the research carried out aims to provide a new specific inter-relation between the most widespread Quality Indexes, Bieniawski’s RMR Quality Index, Barton’s Q Quality Index and Palmström’s RMi Mass index utilizing the data gathered from the jointed volcano-sedimentary rock mass of the “CPB3”. The “CPB3” mining level is located in Imiter silver mine, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco, at a depth of 500m. A total of 128 rock blocks were examined for the rock mass quality using the three characterization systems, the outcrop mapping was carried out on freshly parallel exposed faces in the horizontal south to north direction. After processing and plotting the in-situ measured data, several equations of the three indexes has been investigated using regression modeling to analyze the obtained results and find the most suitable equation with the highest correlation coefficients. These relationships were then compared with those reported in the literature. The proposed regression models reveal strong correlations between RMR, Q and RMi indexes with high values of accuracy coefficients so that they can be used to estimate the “CPB3” underground rock mass quality for the range of RMR between 30% and 80%. The developed mathematical formulations of the geomechanicalindexes will certainly offer an effective tool to geologist and geotechnical professionals in the decision-making process, preliminary design phase, stability problems and suggestions of the required supporting system and techniques without the expense of more resources or time.

Liquefaction is a hazardous and temporary phenomenon by which a soil saturated with water loses some or all of its resistance. The undrained conditions and a cyclic load increase the pores water pressure inside the soil and therefore a reduction of the effective stress.Nowadays many semi-empirical methods are used to introduce a proposition to evaluate the liquefaction's potential using the in-situ test results. The objective of this paper is to study their ability to correctly predict the liquefaction potential by modelling our case using finite element methods.The study is based on the data of Cone Penetration Tests experimental results of the Casablanca-Tangier High-Speed Line exactly between PK 116 + 450 and PK 116 + 950 and near of Moulay-Bousselham city. It belongs to the Drader-Soueir basin region which is located in the North-West of Morocco.This region had a specific soil’s formation, the first 50 meters are characterised by the existence of sand layers alternating with layers of clay. These formations are very loose and saturated which suggests the possibility of soil liquefaction.We present and discuss the results of applying the Olsen method [1], the Juang method [2] and the Robertson method [3], in the evaluation of liquefaction susceptibility.Apart from the previous empirical analysis to evaluate the liquefaction potential, numerical modelling is performed in this study.

The study concerns the cartography of the spatio-temporal evolution of the embankments of the road network of the Oued Ouergha watershed using data from the Landsat images on the one hand, and the modeling of soil stability processes. On the other hand. This region experiences an intense destabilization linked to the combination of several natural factors, such as the brutality and the abundance of the precipitations and the outcrop on the marls and limestones of Cretaceous. Human intervention in this vulnerable environment accentuates its fragility through the clearing and degradation of vegetation cover. The analysis of satellite data has shown that the most degraded soils are not necessarily those with the highest rate of erosion over the past fifteen years and that some well-developed soils are unstable areas after clearing and their non-rational exploitation. Human intervention and the choice of road routes sometimes, combined with climate change, remain the most important factors in weakening and increasing the vulnerability of the slopes. The results obtained made it possible to identify and monitor vulnerable zones at the Ouergha watershed scale, where interventions are needed to limit the processes of slope degradation and their impact on the various road access routes in the region.

The amount of household waste produced by the mainly urban population in Morocco continues to increase year after year. Morocco is thus confronted with the problems of storage and disposal of this waste, which are composed largely of organic matter, bio-waste. In the recent past, these wastes have been buried in wild dumps or in old quarries located in areas close to urban centers without any treatment or control. This can constitute significant risks both for public health and the environment and for the future of the socio-economic activities of the country. For which evaluating municipal landfills is vital due to the importance of health and environmental issues and the possibility of contravening environmental and engineering criteria and principles. The present research is conducted using new techniques of approach among others, the analytical hierarchy process AHP, which will allow us to weight and combine all criteria and to classify their respective weights, as well as the use of GIS which will contribute to the evaluation of these criteria in order to determine whether the choice of the current site according to the results of our study meets the requirements of a controlled landfill respecting the environment.

Caused by earthquakes in the marine environment, tsunamis are often of particular violence. Pests, their damage far exceeds those caused by earthquakes earthquakes. In Morocco, seismic sensors in the national network often detect earthquakes in the marine environment. However, specialists minimize their threat given the peculiarity of the Moroccan ocean zone. The latter is characterized by the importance of the length of the faults and the depth of the seismic focus.This work can be considered as a first approach to the study and understanding tsunamis. Although Morocco has known since historical times, earthquakes and tsunamis along its coasts.This preliminary study is mainly intended to show the contribution of the numerical simulation of tsunamis, with a concrete application of the 1755 Tsunami of Lisbon based on the four source zones involving the five potentially tsunamigenic faults that are generally mentioned in the literature for this major event.