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1. In vivo hippocampal subfield volumes in bipolar disorder—A mega‐analysis from The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis Bipolar Disorder Working Group

Author

Haukvik, Unn K, Gurholt, Tiril P, Nerland, Stener, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Alda, Martin, Alnæs, Dag, Alonso‐Lana, Silvia, Bauer, Jochen, Baune, Bernhard T, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bettella, Francesco, Bøen, Erlend, Bonnín, Caterina M, Brambilla, Paolo, Canales‐Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Dandash, Orwa, Dannlowski, Udo, Delvecchio, Giuseppe, Díaz‐Zuluaga, Ana M, Erp, Theo GM, Fatjó‐Vilas, Mar, Foley, Sonya F, Förster, Katharina, Fullerton, Janice M, Goikolea, José M, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Haarman, Bartholomeus CM, Haatveit, Beathe, Hajek, Tomas, Hallahan, Brian, Harris, Mathew, Hawkins, Emma L, Howells, Fleur M, Hülsmann, Carina, Jahanshad, Neda, Jørgensen, Kjetil N, Kircher, Tilo, Krämer, Bernd, Krug, Axel, Kuplicki, Rayus, Lagerberg, Trine V, Lancaster, Thomas M, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Lonning, Vera, López‐Jaramillo, Carlos, Malt, Ulrik F, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meer, Dennis, Melle, Ingrid, Melloni, Elisa MT, Mitchell, Philip B, Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadić, Igor, Oertel, Viola, Oldani, Lucio, Opel, Nils, Otaduy, Maria CG, Overs, Bronwyn J, Pineda‐Zapata, Julian A, Pomarol‐Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Rauer, Lisa, Redlich, Ronny, Repple, Jonathan, Rive, Maria M, Roberts, Gloria, Ruhe, Henricus G, Salminen, Lauren E, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Savitz, Jonathan, Schene, Aart H, Sim, Kang, Soeiro‐de‐Souza, Marcio G, Stäblein, Michael, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Frederike, Tamnes, Christian K, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Veltman, Dick J, Vieta, Eduard, Waltemate, Lena, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Sämann, Philipp G, Thompson, Paul M, Ching, Christopher RK, Andreassen, Ole A, Agartz, Ingrid, and Group, ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Serious Mental Illness, Neurosciences, Biomedical Imaging, Bipolar Disorder, Mental health, Genetics, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group, bipolar disorder subtype, hippocampus, large-scale, lithium, psychosis, structural brain MRI, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

The hippocampus consists of anatomically and functionally distinct subfields that may be differentially involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Here we, the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis Bipolar Disorder workinggroup, study hippocampal subfield volumetry in BD. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans from 4,698 individuals (BD = 1,472, healthy controls [HC] = 3,226) from 23 sites worldwide were processed with FreeSurfer. We used linear mixed-effects models and mega-analysis to investigate differences in hippocampal subfield volumes between BD and HC, followed by analyses of clinical characteristics and medication use. BD showed significantly smaller volumes of the whole hippocampus (Cohen's d = -0.20), cornu ammonis (CA)1 (d = -0.18), CA2/3 (d = -0.11), CA4 (d = -0.19), molecular layer (d = -0.21), granule cell layer of dentate gyrus (d = -0.21), hippocampal tail (d = -0.10), subiculum (d = -0.15), presubiculum (d = -0.18), and hippocampal amygdala transition area (d = -0.17) compared to HC. Lithium users did not show volume differences compared to HC, while non-users did. Antipsychotics or antiepileptic use was associated with smaller volumes. In this largest study of hippocampal subfields in BD to date, we show widespread reductions in nine of 12 subfields studied. The associations were modulated by medication use and specifically the lack of differences between lithium users and HC supports a possible protective role of lithium in BD.

Published
2022

3. Using structural MRI to identify bipolar disorders – 13 site machine learning study in 3020 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorders Working Group

Author

Nunes, Abraham, Schnack, Hugo G, Ching, Christopher RK, Agartz, Ingrid, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Alda, Martin, Alnæs, Dag, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Bauer, Jochen, Baune, Bernhard T, Bøen, Erlend, Bonnin, Caterina del Mar, Busatto, Geraldo F, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Dannlowski, Udo, Díaz-Zuluaga, Ana M, Dietsche, Bruno, Doan, Nhat Trung, Duchesnay, Edouard, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Emden, Daniel, Eyler, Lisa T, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Favre, Pauline, Foley, Sonya F, Fullerton, Janice M, Glahn, David C, Goikolea, Jose M, Grotegerd, Dominik, Hahn, Tim, Henry, Chantal, Hibar, Derrek P, Houenou, Josselin, Howells, Fleur M, Jahanshad, Neda, Kaufmann, Tobias, Kenney, Joanne, Kircher, Tilo TJ, Krug, Axel, Lagerberg, Trine V, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Machado-Vieira, Rodrigo, Malt, Ulrik F, McDonald, Colm, Mitchell, Philip B, Mwangi, Benson, Nabulsi, Leila, Opel, Nils, Overs, Bronwyn J, Pineda-Zapata, Julian A, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Redlich, Ronny, Roberts, Gloria, Rosa, Pedro G, Salvador, Raymond, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Soares, Jair C, Stein, Dan J, Temmingh, Henk S, Trappenberg, Thomas, Uhlmann, Anne, van Haren, Neeltje EM, Vieta, Eduard, Westlye, Lars T, Wolf, Daniel H, Yüksel, Dilara, Zanetti, Marcus V, Andreassen, Ole A, Thompson, Paul M, and Hajek, Tomas

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Brain Disorders, Biomedical Imaging, Neurosciences, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Mental health, Bipolar Disorder, Brain, Humans, Machine Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, ENIGMA Bipolar Disorders Working Group, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Bipolar disorders (BDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and disability. Objective biological markers, such as those based on brain imaging, could aid in clinical management of BD. Machine learning (ML) brings neuroimaging analyses to individual subject level and may potentially allow for their diagnostic use. However, fair and optimal application of ML requires large, multi-site datasets. We applied ML (support vector machines) to MRI data (regional cortical thickness, surface area, subcortical volumes) from 853 BD and 2167 control participants from 13 cohorts in the ENIGMA consortium. We attempted to differentiate BD from control participants, investigated different data handling strategies and studied the neuroimaging/clinical features most important for classification. Individual site accuracies ranged from 45.23% to 81.07%. Aggregate subject-level analyses yielded the highest accuracy (65.23%, 95% CI = 63.47-67.00, ROC-AUC = 71.49%, 95% CI = 69.39-73.59), followed by leave-one-site-out cross-validation (accuracy = 58.67%, 95% CI = 56.70-60.63). Meta-analysis of individual site accuracies did not provide above chance results. There was substantial agreement between the regions that contributed to identification of BD participants in the best performing site and in the aggregate dataset (Cohen's Kappa = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.829-0.831). Treatment with anticonvulsants and age were associated with greater odds of correct classification. Although short of the 80% clinically relevant accuracy threshold, the results are promising and provide a fair and realistic estimate of classification performance, which can be achieved in a large, ecologically valid, multi-site sample of BD participants based on regional neurostructural measures. Furthermore, the significant classification in different samples was based on plausible and similar neuroanatomical features. Future multi-site studies should move towards sharing of raw/voxelwise neuroimaging data.

Published
2020

4. Widespread white matter microstructural abnormalities in bipolar disorder: evidence from mega- and meta-analyses across 3033 individuals

Author

Favre, Pauline, Pauling, Melissa, Stout, Jacques, Hozer, Franz, Sarrazin, Samuel, Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Alloza, Clara, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Andreassen, Ole A, Baune, Bernhard T, Benedetti, Francesco, Busatto, Geraldo F, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Caseras, Xavier, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany Moukbel, Ching, Christopher RK, Dannlowski, Udo, Deppe, Michael, Eyler, Lisa T, Fatjo-Vilas, Mar, Foley, Sonya F, Grotegerd, Dominik, Hajek, Tomas, Haukvik, Unn K, Howells, Fleur M, Jahanshad, Neda, Kugel, Harald, Lagerberg, Trine V, Lawrie, Stephen M, Linke, Julia O, McIntosh, Andrew, Melloni, Elisa MT, Mitchell, Philip B, Polosan, Mircea, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Repple, Jonathan, Roberts, Gloria, Roos, Annerine, Rosa, Pedro GP, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R, Serpa, Mauricio H, Sim, Kang, Stein, Dan J, Sussmann, Jess E, Temmingh, Henk S, Thompson, Paul M, Verdolini, Norma, Vieta, Eduard, Wessa, Michele, Whalley, Heather C, Zanetti, Marcus V, Leboyer, Marion, Mangin, Jean-François, Henry, Chantal, Duchesnay, Edouard, and Houenou, Josselin

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Brain Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, Neurosciences, Bipolar Disorder, Biomedical Imaging, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Mental health, Adult, Brain, Corpus Callosum, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Neural Pathways, White Matter, ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Biological psychology
Abstract

Fronto-limbic white matter (WM) abnormalities are assumed to lie at the heart of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD); however, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have reported heterogeneous results and it is not clear how the clinical heterogeneity is related to the observed differences. This study aimed to identify WM abnormalities that differentiate patients with BD from healthy controls (HC) in the largest DTI dataset of patients with BD to date, collected via the ENIGMA network. We gathered individual tensor-derived regional metrics from 26 cohorts leading to a sample size of N = 3033 (1482 BD and 1551 HC). Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) from 43 regions of interest (ROI) and average whole-brain FA were entered into univariate mega- and meta-analyses to differentiate patients with BD from HC. Mega-analysis revealed significantly lower FA in patients with BD compared with HC in 29 regions, with the highest effect sizes observed within the corpus callosum (R2 = 0.041, Pcorr

Published
2019

5. Correction: Widespread white matter microstructural abnormalities in bipolar disorder: evidence from mega- and meta-analyses across 3033 individuals

Author

Favre, Pauline, Pauling, Melissa, Stout, Jacques, Hozer, Franz, Sarrazin, Samuel, Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Alloza, Clara, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Andreassen, Ole A, Baune, Bernhard T, Benedetti, Francesco, Busatto, Geraldo F, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Caseras, Xavier, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany Moukbel, Ching, Christopher RK, Dannlowski, Udo, Deppe, Michael, Eyler, Lisa T, Fatjo-Vilas, Mar, Foley, Sonya F, Grotegerd, Dominik, Hajek, Tomas, Haukvik, Unn K, Howells, Fleur M, Jahanshad, Neda, Kugel, Harald, Lagerberg, Trine V, Lawrie, Stephen M, Linke, Julia O, McIntosh, Andrew, Melloni, Elisa MT, Mitchell, Philip B, Polosan, Mircea, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Repple, Jonathan, Roberts, Gloria, Roos, Annerine, Rosa, Pedro GP, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R, Serpa, Mauricio H, Sim, Kang, Stein, Dan J, Sussmann, Jess E, Temmingh, Henk S, Thompson, Paul M, Verdolini, Norma, Vieta, Eduard, Wessa, Michele, Whalley, Heather C, Zanetti, Marcus V, Leboyer, Marion, Mangin, Jean-François, Henry, Chantal, Duchesnay, Edouard, and Houenou, Josselin

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Psychology, ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Biological psychology
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2019

9. Cortical Brain Abnormalities in 4474 Individuals With Schizophrenia and 5098 Control Subjects via the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium.

Author

van Erp, Theo GM, Walton, Esther, Hibar, Derrek P, Schmaal, Lianne, Jiang, Wenhao, Glahn, David C, Pearlson, Godfrey D, Yao, Nailin, Fukunaga, Masaki, Hashimoto, Ryota, Okada, Naohiro, Yamamori, Hidenaga, Bustillo, Juan R, Clark, Vincent P, Agartz, Ingrid, Mueller, Bryon A, Cahn, Wiepke, de Zwarte, Sonja MC, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Kahn, René S, Ophoff, Roel A, van Haren, Neeltje EM, Andreassen, Ole A, Dale, Anders M, Doan, Nhat Trung, Gurholt, Tiril P, Hartberg, Cecilie B, Haukvik, Unn K, Jørgensen, Kjetil N, Lagerberg, Trine V, Melle, Ingrid, Westlye, Lars T, Gruber, Oliver, Kraemer, Bernd, Richter, Anja, Zilles, David, Calhoun, Vince D, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Loughland, Carmel, Carr, Vaughan J, Catts, Stanley, Cropley, Vanessa L, Fullerton, Janice M, Green, Melissa J, Henskens, Frans A, Jablensky, Assen, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Mowry, Bryan J, Michie, Patricia T, Pantelis, Christos, Quidé, Yann, Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J, Cairns, Murray J, Seal, Marc, Tooney, Paul A, Rasser, Paul E, Cooper, Gavin, Shannon Weickert, Cynthia, Weickert, Thomas W, Morris, Derek W, Hong, Elliot, Kochunov, Peter, Beard, Lauren M, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Wolf, Daniel H, Belger, Aysenil, Brown, Gregory G, Ford, Judith M, Macciardi, Fabio, Mathalon, Daniel H, O'Leary, Daniel S, Potkin, Steven G, Preda, Adrian, Voyvodic, James, Lim, Kelvin O, McEwen, Sarah, Yang, Fude, Tan, Yunlong, Tan, Shuping, Wang, Zhiren, Fan, Fengmei, Chen, Jingxu, Xiang, Hong, Tang, Shiyou, Guo, Hua, Wan, Ping, Wei, Dong, Bockholt, Henry J, Ehrlich, Stefan, Wolthusen, Rick PF, King, Margaret D, Shoemaker, Jody M, Sponheim, Scott R, De Haan, Lieuwe, and Koenders, Laura

Subjects
Karolinska Schizophrenia Project, Brain, Frontal Lobe, Prefrontal Cortex, Temporal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Severity of Illness Index, Linear Models, Case-Control Studies, Schizophrenia, Age of Onset, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Child, Female, Male, Young Adult, Neuroimaging, Cortical, Imaging, Meta-analysis, Surface area, Thickness, Serious Mental Illness, Biomedical Imaging, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Mental health, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry
Abstract

BackgroundThe profile of cortical neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia is not fully understood, despite hundreds of published structural brain imaging studies. This study presents the first meta-analysis of cortical thickness and surface area abnormalities in schizophrenia conducted by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Schizophrenia Working Group.MethodsThe study included data from 4474 individuals with schizophrenia (mean age, 32.3 years; range, 11-78 years; 66% male) and 5098 healthy volunteers (mean age, 32.8 years; range, 10-87 years; 53% male) assessed with standardized methods at 39 centers worldwide.ResultsCompared with healthy volunteers, individuals with schizophrenia have widespread thinner cortex (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.530/-0.516) and smaller surface area (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.251/-0.254), with the largest effect sizes for both in frontal and temporal lobe regions. Regional group differences in cortical thickness remained significant when statistically controlling for global cortical thickness, suggesting regional specificity. In contrast, effects for cortical surface area appear global. Case-control, negative, cortical thickness effect sizes were two to three times larger in individuals receiving antipsychotic medication relative to unmedicated individuals. Negative correlations between age and bilateral temporal pole thickness were stronger in individuals with schizophrenia than in healthy volunteers. Regional cortical thickness showed significant negative correlations with normalized medication dose, symptom severity, and duration of illness and positive correlations with age at onset.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the ENIGMA meta-analysis approach can achieve robust findings in clinical neuroscience studies; also, medication effects should be taken into account in future genetic association studies of cortical thickness in schizophrenia.

Published
2018

11. Outcomes associated with different vaccines in individuals with bipolar disorder and impact on the current COVID-19 pandemic- a systematic review

Author

Reininghaus, Eva Z, Manchia, Mirko, Dalkner, Nina, Bonkat, Nina, Squassina, Alessio, Hodl, Isabel, Vieta, Eduard, Reif, Andreas, Hajek, Tomas, Landén, Mikael, Correll, Christoph U, Scott, Jan, Etain, Bruno, Rietschel, Marcella, Bergink, Veerle, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Fagiolini, Andrea, Bauer, Michael, Goodwin, Guy, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Kupka, Ralph W, Schulze, Thomas G, Lagerberg, Trine V, Yildiz, Ayşegül, Henry, Chantal, Morken, Gunnar, Ritter, Phillip, Nieslen, René Ernst, Licht, Rasmus W, Bechdolf, Andreas, Andreassen, Ole A, and Fellendorf, Frederike Tabea

Published
2022
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13. Sex differences in autonomic adverse effects related to antipsychotic treatment and associated hormone profiles

Author

Johansen, Ingrid T., primary, Steen, Nils Eiel, additional, Rødevand, Linn, additional, Lunding, Synve H., additional, Hjell, Gabriela, additional, Ormerod, Monica B. E. G., additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Lagerberg, Trine V., additional, Nerhus, Mari, additional, and Andreassen, Ole A., additional

Published
2024
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14. Brain Age Prediction Reveals Aberrant Brain White Matter in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Multisample Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Author

Farde, L., Flyckt, L., Engberg, G., Erhardt, S., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Cervenka, S., Schwieler, L., Piehl, F., Agartz, I., Collste, K., Victorsson, P., Malmqvist, A., Hedberg, M., Orhan, F., Sellgren, C., Tønnesen, Siren, Kaufmann, Tobias, de Lange, Ann-Marie G., Richard, Geneviève, Doan, Nhat Trung, Alnæs, Dag, van der Meer, Dennis, Rokicki, Jaroslav, Moberget, Torgeir, Maximov, Ivan I., Agartz, Ingrid, Aminoff, Sofie R., Beck, Dani, Barch, Deanna M., Beresniewicz, Justyna, Cervenka, Simon, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Craven, Alexander R., Flyckt, Lena, Gurholt, Tiril P., Haukvik, Unn K., Hugdahl, Kenneth, Johnsen, Erik, Jönsson, Erik G., Kolskår, Knut K., Kroken, Rune Andreas, Lagerberg, Trine V., Løberg, Else-Marie, Nordvik, Jan Egil, Sanders, Anne-Marthe, Ulrichsen, Kristine, Andreassen, Ole A., and Westlye, Lars T.

Published
2020
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15. Translating big data to better treatment in bipolar disorder - a manifesto for coordinated action

Author

Manchia, Mirko, Vieta, Eduard, Smeland, Olav B., Altimus, Cara, Bechdolf, Andreas, Bellivier, Frank, Bergink, Veerle, Fagiolini, Andrea, Geddes, John R., Hajek, Tomas, Henry, Chantal, Kupka, Ralph, Lagerberg, Trine V., Licht, Rasmus W., Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Morken, Gunnar, Nielsen, René E., Pinto, Ana Gonzalez, Reif, Andreas, Rietschel, Marcella, Ritter, Phillip, Schulze, Thomas G., Scott, Jan, Severus, Emanuel, Yildiz, Aysegul, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Bauer, Michael, Goodwin, Guy M., and Andreassen, Ole A.

Published
2020
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18. Polygenic overlap and shared genetic loci between loneliness, severe mental disorders, and cardiovascular disease risk factors suggest shared molecular mechanisms

Author

Rødevand, Linn, Bahrami, Shahram, Frei, Oleksandr, Lin, Aihua, Gani, Osman, Shadrin, Alexey, Smeland, Olav B., Connell, Kevin S. O’, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Winterton, Adriano, Quintana, Daniel S., Hindley, Guy F. L., Werner, Maren C. F., Djurovic, Srdjan, Dale, Anders M., Lagerberg, Trine V., Steen, Nils Eiel, and Andreassen, Ole A.

Published
2021
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19. Cortical Brain Abnormalities in 4474 Individuals With Schizophrenia and 5098 Control Subjects via the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium

Author

Farde, Lars, Flyckt, Lena, Engberg, Göran, Erhardt, Sophie, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Cervenka, Simon, Schwieler, Lilly, Piehl, Fredrik, Agartz, Ingrid, Collste, Karin, Victorsson, Pauliina, Malmqvist, Anna, Hedberg, Mikael, Orhan, Funda, van Erp, Theo G.M., Walton, Esther, Hibar, Derrek P., Schmaal, Lianne, Jiang, Wenhao, Glahn, David C., Pearlson, Godfrey D., Yao, Nailin, Fukunaga, Masaki, Hashimoto, Ryota, Okada, Naohiro, Yamamori, Hidenaga, Bustillo, Juan R., Clark, Vincent P., Mueller, Bryon A., Cahn, Wiepke, de Zwarte, Sonja M.C., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ophoff, Roel A., van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Andreassen, Ole A., Dale, Anders M., Doan, Nhat Trung, Gurholt, Tiril P., Hartberg, Cecilie B., Haukvik, Unn K., Jørgensen, Kjetil N., Lagerberg, Trine V., Melle, Ingrid, Westlye, Lars T., Gruber, Oliver, Kraemer, Bernd, Richter, Anja, Zilles, David, Calhoun, Vince D., Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Loughland, Carmel, Carr, Vaughan J., Catts, Stanley, Cropley, Vanessa L., Fullerton, Janice M., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Jablensky, Assen, Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Mowry, Bryan J., Michie, Patricia T., Pantelis, Christos, Quidé, Yann, Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Cairns, Murray J., Seal, Marc, Tooney, Paul A., Rasser, Paul E., Cooper, Gavin, Shannon Weickert, Cynthia, Weickert, Thomas W., Morris, Derek W., Hong, Elliot, Kochunov, Peter, Beard, Lauren M., Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Wolf, Daniel H., Belger, Aysenil, Brown, Gregory G., Ford, Judith M., Macciardi, Fabio, Mathalon, Daniel H., O’Leary, Daniel S., Potkin, Steven G., Preda, Adrian, Voyvodic, James, Lim, Kelvin O., McEwen, Sarah, Yang, Fude, Tan, Yunlong, Tan, Shuping, Wang, Zhiren, Fan, Fengmei, Chen, Jingxu, Xiang, Hong, Tang, Shiyou, Guo, Hua, Wan, Ping, Wei, Dong, Bockholt, Henry J., Ehrlich, Stefan, Wolthusen, Rick P.F., King, Margaret D., Shoemaker, Jody M., Sponheim, Scott R., De Haan, Lieuwe, Koenders, Laura, Machielsen, Marise W., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Veltman, Dick J., Assogna, Francesca, Banaj, Nerisa, de Rossi, Pietro, Iorio, Mariangela, Piras, Fabrizio, Spalletta, Gianfranco, McKenna, Peter J., Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Salvador, Raymond, Corvin, Aiden, Donohoe, Gary, Kelly, Sinead, Whelan, Christopher D., Dickie, Erin W., Rotenberg, David, Voineskos, Aristotle N., Ciufolini, Simone, Radua, Joaquim, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin, Reis Marques, Tiago, Simmons, Andrew, Borgwardt, Stefan, Egloff, Laura, Harrisberger, Fabienne, Riecher-Rössler, Anita, Smieskova, Renata, Alpert, Kathryn I., Wang, Lei, Jönsson, Erik G., Koops, Sanne, Sommer, Iris E.C., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Neilson, Emma, Mayer, Andrew R., Stephen, Julia M., Kwon, Jun Soo, Yun, Je-Yeon, Cannon, Dara M., McDonald, Colm, Lebedeva, Irina, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Akhadov, Tolibjohn, Kaleda, Vasily, Busatto, Geraldo F., Rosa, Pedro G.P., Serpa, Mauricio H., Zanetti, Marcus V., Hoschl, Cyril, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Tomecek, David, Hagenaars, Saskia P., McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., Knöchel, Christian, Oertel-Knöchel, Viola, Stäblein, Michael, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Uhlmann, Anne, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Dima, Danai, McMahon, Agnes, Faskowitz, Joshua I., Gutman, Boris A., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., and Turner, Jessica A.

Published
2018
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23. Prospective cohort study of early biosignatures of response to lithium in bipolar-I-disorders: overview of the H2020-funded R-LiNK initiative

Author

Scott, Jan, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Strawbridge, Rebecca, Young, Allan, Resche-Rigon, Matthieu, Etain, Bruno, Andreassen, Ole A., Bauer, Michael, Bennabi, Djamila, Blamire, Andrew M., Boumezbeur, Fawzi, Brambilla, Paolo, Cattane, Nadia, Cattaneo, Annamaria, Chupin, Marie, Coello, Klara, Cointepas, Yann, Colom, Francesc, Cousins, David A., Dubertret, Caroline, Duchesnay, Edouard, Ferro, Adele, Garcia-Estela, Aitana, Goikolea, Jose, Grigis, Antoine, Haffen, Emmanuel, Høegh, Margrethe C., Jakobsen, Petter, Kalman, Janos L., Kessing, Lars V., Klohn-Saghatolislam, Farah, Lagerberg, Trine V., Landén, Mikael, Lewitzka, Ute, Lutticke, Ashley, Mazer, Nicolas, Mazzelli, Monica, Mora, Cristina, Muller, Thorsten, Mur-Mila, Estanislao, Oedegaard, Ketil Joachim, Oltedal, Leif, Pålsson, Erik, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Papiol, Sergi, Perez-Sola, Victor, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rossi, Roberto, Schulze, Thomas, Senner, Fanny, Smith, Fiona E., Squarcina, Letizia, Steen, Nils Eiel, Thelwall, Pete E., Varo, Cristina, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Wessa, Michele, Westlye, Lars T., and Bellivier, Frank

Published
2019
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25. The shared genetic basis of mood instability and psychiatric disorders: A cross‐trait genome‐wide association analysis

Author

Hindley, Guy, primary, O'Connell, Kevin S., additional, Rahman, Zillur, additional, Frei, Oleksandr, additional, Bahrami, Shahram, additional, Shadrin, Alexey, additional, Høegh, Margrethe C., additional, Cheng, Weiqiu, additional, Karadag, Naz, additional, Lin, Aihua, additional, Rødevand, Linn, additional, Fan, Chun C., additional, Djurovic, Srdjan, additional, Lagerberg, Trine V., additional, Dale, Anders M., additional, Smeland, Olav B., additional, and Andreassen, Ole A., additional

Published
2022
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28. COVID-19 lockdown - who cares? The first lockdown from the perspective of relatives of people with severe mental illness

Author

Mork, Erlend, Aminoff, Sofie R., Barrett, Elizabeth A., Simonsen, Carmen, Hegelstad, Wenche t. V., Lagerberg, Trine V., Melle, Ingrid, and Romm, Kristin L.

Subjects
Bipolar Disorder, Medisinske Fag: 700 [VDP], Mental Disorders, Communicable Disease Control, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Humans, Family
Abstract

Background Informal care is vital to many people with severe mental illness under normal circumstances. Little is known about how extraordinary circumstances affect relatives with a family member with mental illness. This study investigated the consequences of the first COVID-19 lockdown in Norway from the perspective of relatives of persons with psychotic- and/or bipolar disorders: What were the challenges and for whom? Method Relatives were invited to complete an online survey shortly after the first lockdown was initiated. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected concerning experiences of relatives’ own and their affected family members’ health and situation. Two hundred and seventy-nine relatives completed the survey, mostly mothers and partners. Results One-third of the relatives reported considerable deterioration in their family members’ mental health, and a substantial minority worried about severe self-harm or suicide. Main themes in the qualitative analyses were “Isolation and its effects on mental health”, “Worrying about the pandemic and its consequences”, “Increased symptomatology” and “Suicide”. Being a relative during the lockdown put heavy strain on the relatives’ own health, in particular disturbance of sleep, concentration, and the ability to take care of others in the family. Relatives of family members with psychotic bipolar disorder, not currently in treatment, or living with their family experienced the situation especially challenging. Conclusions Many relatives found the first lockdown hard for their family. Efforts to integrate relatives’ perspectives in health care and contingency plans under normal circumstances could potentially alleviate some of the extra burden experienced by families during extraordinary circumstances.

Published
2022

30. Spatial Frequency Discrimination in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum and Bipolar Disorders: Evidence of Early Visual Processing Deficits and Associations with Intellectual Abilities

Author

Løchen, Aili Røtterud, primary, Kolskår, Knut K., additional, de Lange, Ann-Marie G., additional, Sneve, Markus H., additional, Haatveit, Beathe, additional, Lagerberg, Trine V., additional, Ueland, Torill, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Westlye, Lars T., additional, and Alnæs, Dag, additional

Published
2022
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31. Childhood Trauma Related to Tobacco Smoking Mediated by Cognitive Control and Impulsiveness in Severe Mental Disorders

Author

Hoffart Lunding, Synve, primary, Ueland, Torill, additional, Aas, Monica, additional, Høegh, Margrethe Collier, additional, Werner, Maren Caroline Frogner, additional, Rødevand, Linn, additional, Johansen, Ingrid Torp, additional, Hjell, Gabriela, additional, Ormerod, Monica Bettina Elkjær Greenwo, additional, Ringen, Petter Andreas, additional, Ottesen, Akiah, additional, Lagerberg, Trine V., additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Simonsen, Carmen, additional, and Steen, Nils Eiel, additional

Published
2022
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36. Locked out during COVID-19 lockdown-an online survey of relatives of people with psychotic and bipolar disorders in Norway

Author

Aminoff, Sofie R., Mork, Erlend, Barrett, Elizabeth A., Simonsen, Carmen, ten Velden Hegelstad, Wenche, Lagerberg, Trine V., Melle, Ingrid, and Romm, Kristin L.

Subjects
Psychotic disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Mental Disorders, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Relatives, Contingency plans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Communicable Disease Control, Bipolar disorders, Humans, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Pandemics
Abstract

Background Many relatives of people with psychotic and bipolar disorders experience a high caregiver burden normally. During the first COVID-19 lockdown, mental health services partly shut down in many countries. The impact on relatives is unknown. Aims Explore how relatives of people with psychotic and bipolar disorders experienced changes in treatment and service availability for their family member during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in the spring of 2020, and to what extent they perceived information and support to be satisfactory. To help guide future contingency plans, we were also interested in what relatives would prioritize in the event of a future crisis. Study setting We distributed an anonymous Norwegian online survey inviting relatives of individuals with psychotic and bipolar disorders. We distributed the survey using social media, through snowball sampling, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data. The survey was available between May and June 2020. We used systematic text condensation to analyse qualitative data. Results Two hundred and seventy-nine respondents replied, mostly mothers and partners. A majority experienced a reduction in health care for their family member. Most respondents did not receive any support during the lockdown. However, most found the information they received from the mental health services regarding their family members’ treatment as sufficient. The qualitative data analysis revealed that relatives experienced three major challenges: reductions in treatment for the family member; reduced organised daily activity for the family member; and an increased caretaker load. In the case of a future lockdown, they would prefer increased access to care compared with a normal situation; increased support for relatives; and enhanced information. Conclusions Mental health services in Norway did not manage to meet the needs of patients with severe mental illness and their relatives during the first COVID-19 lockdown. To be better prepared, Norwegian mental health services should consider prioritising infrastructure to ensure access to care and support for both patients and relatives. Digital tools and telephone calls are generally well accepted as substitutes for face-to-face contact.

Published
2021

39. Spatial frequency discrimination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders: Evidence of early visual processing deficits and associations with intellectual abilities

Author

Løchen, Aili R., primary, Kolskår, Knut K., additional, de Lange, Ann-Marie G., additional, Sneve, Markus H., additional, Haatveit, Beathe, additional, Lagerberg, Trine V., additional, Ueland, Torill, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Westlye, Lars T., additional, and Alnæs, Dag, additional

Published
2021
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40. Evidence for Reduced Long-Term Potentiation-Like Visual Cortical Plasticity in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Author

Valstad, Mathias, primary, Roelfs, Daniël, additional, Slapø, Nora B, additional, Timpe, Clara M F, additional, Rai, Ahsan, additional, Matziorinis, Anna Maria, additional, Beck, Dani, additional, Richard, Geneviève, additional, Sæther, Linn Sofie, additional, Haatveit, Beathe, additional, Nordvik, Jan Egil, additional, Hatlestad-Hall, Christoffer, additional, Einevoll, Gaute T, additional, Mäki-Marttunen, Tuomo, additional, Haram, Marit, additional, Ueland, Torill, additional, Lagerberg, Trine V, additional, Steen, Nils Eiel, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Westlye, Lars T, additional, Jönsson, Erik G, additional, Andreassen, Ole A, additional, Moberget, Torgeir, additional, and Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, additional

Published
2021
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42. Corrigendum to “Translating big data to better treatment in bipolar disorder - a manifesto for coordinated action [European Neuropsychopharmacology (2020) 36, 121–136]”

Author

Manchia, Mirko, primary, Vieta, Eduard, additional, Smeland, Olav B., additional, Altimus, Cara, additional, Bechdolf, Andreas, additional, Bellivier, Frank, additional, Bergink, Veerle, additional, Fagiolini, Andrea, additional, Geddes, John R., additional, Hajek, Tomas, additional, Henry, Chantal, additional, Kupka, Ralph, additional, Lagerberg, Trine V., additional, Licht, Rasmus W., additional, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, additional, Morken, Gunnar, additional, Nielsen, René E., additional, González-Pinto, Ana, additional, Reif, Andreas, additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, Ritter, Phillip, additional, Schulze, Thomas G., additional, Scott, Jan, additional, Severus, Emanuel, additional, Yildiz, Aysegul, additional, Kessing, Lars Vedel, additional, Bauer, Michael, additional, Goodwin, Guy M., additional, and Andreassen, Ole A., additional

Published
2021
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44. Brain Age Prediction Reveals Aberrant Brain White Matter in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Multisample Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Author

Tønnesen, Siren, primary, Kaufmann, Tobias, additional, de Lange, Ann-Marie G., additional, Richard, Geneviève, additional, Doan, Nhat Trung, additional, Alnæs, Dag, additional, van der Meer, Dennis, additional, Rokicki, Jaroslav, additional, Moberget, Torgeir, additional, Maximov, Ivan I., additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Aminoff, Sofie R., additional, Beck, Dani, additional, Barch, Deanna M., additional, Beresniewicz, Justyna, additional, Cervenka, Simon, additional, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, additional, Craven, Alexander R., additional, Flyckt, Lena, additional, Gurholt, Tiril P., additional, Haukvik, Unn K., additional, Hugdahl, Kenneth, additional, Johnsen, Erik, additional, Jönsson, Erik G., additional, Kolskår, Knut K., additional, Kroken, Rune Andreas, additional, Lagerberg, Trine V., additional, Løberg, Else-Marie, additional, Nordvik, Jan Egil, additional, Sanders, Anne-Marthe, additional, Ulrichsen, Kristine, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Westlye, Lars T., additional, Farde, L., additional, Flyckt, L., additional, Engberg, G., additional, Erhardt, S., additional, Fatouros-Bergman, H., additional, Cervenka, S., additional, Schwieler, L., additional, Piehl, F., additional, Agartz, I., additional, Collste, K., additional, Victorsson, P., additional, Malmqvist, A., additional, Hedberg, M., additional, Orhan, F., additional, and Sellgren, C., additional

Published
2020
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45. Evidence for reduced long-term potentiation-like visual cortical plasticity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Author

Valstad, Mathias, primary, Roelfs, Daniël, additional, Slapø, Nora B., additional, Timpe, Clara M.F., additional, Rai, Ahsan, additional, Matziorinis, Anna Maria, additional, Beck, Dani, additional, Richard, Geneviève, additional, Sæther, Linn Sofie, additional, Haatveit, Beathe, additional, Nordvik, Jan Egil, additional, Hatlestad-Hall, Christoffer, additional, Einevoll, Gaute T., additional, Mäki-Marttunen, Tuomo, additional, Haram, Marit, additional, Ueland, Torill, additional, Lagerberg, Trine V., additional, Steen, Nils Eiel, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Westlye, Lars T., additional, Jönsson, Erik G., additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Moberget, Torgeir, additional, and Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, additional

Published
2020
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46. Heart rate variability is associated with disease severity in psychosis spectrum disorders

Author

Benjamin, Beatrice R., primary, Valstad, Mathias, additional, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, additional, Jönsson, Erik G., additional, Moberget, Torgeir, additional, Winterton, Adriano, additional, Haram, Marit, additional, Høegh, Margrethe C., additional, Lagerberg, Trine V., additional, Steen, Nils Eiel, additional, Larsen, Lars, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Westlye, Lars T., additional, and Quintana, Daniel S, additional

Published
2020
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47. Childhood maltreatment and polygenic risk in bipolar disorders

Author

Aas, Monica, primary, Bellivier, Frank, additional, Bettella, Francesco, additional, Henry, Chantal, additional, Gard, Sebastien, additional, Kahn, Jean‐Pierre, additional, Lagerberg, Trine V., additional, Aminoff, Sofie R., additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Leboyer, Marion, additional, Jamain, Stéphane, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, and Etain, Bruno, additional

Published
2020
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49. Cortical brain abnormalities in 4474 individuals with schizophrenia and 5098 controls via the ENIGMA consortium

Author

van Erp, Theo GM., Walton, Esther, Hibar, Derrek P., Schmaal, Lianne, Jiang, Wenhao, Glahn, David C., Pearlson, Godfrey D., Yao, Nailin, Fukunaga, Masaki, Hashimoto, Ryota, Okada, Naohiro, Yamamori, Hidenaga, Bustillo, Juan R., Clark, Vincent P., Agartz, Ingrid, Mueller, Bryon A., Cahn, Wiepke, de Zwarte, Sonja MC., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ophoff, Roel A., van Haren, Neeltje EM., Andreassen, Ole A., Dale, Anders M., Doan, Nhat Trung, Gurholt, Tiril P., Hartberg, Cecilie B., Haukvik, Unn K., Jørgensen, Kjetil N., Lagerberg, Trine V., Melle, Ingrid, Westlye, Lars T., Gruber, Oliver, Kraemer, Bernd, Richter, Anja, Zilles, David, Calhoun, Vince D., Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Loughland, Carmel, Carr, Vaughan J., Catts, Stanley, Cropley, Vanessa L., Fullerton, Janice M., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans, Jablensky, Assen, Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Mowry, Bryan J., Michie, Patricia T., Pantelis, Christos, Quidé, Yann, Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Cairns, Murray J., Seal, Marc, Tooney, Paul A., Rasser, Paul E., Cooper, Gavin, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., Morris, Derek W., Hong, Elliot, Kochunov, Peter, Beard, Lauren M., Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Wolf, Daniel H., Belger, Aysenil, Brown, Gregory G., Ford, Judith M., Macciardi, Fabio, Mathalon, Daniel H., O’Leary, Daniel S., Potkin, Steven G., Preda, Adrian, Voyvodic, James, Lim, Kelvin O., McEwen, Sarah, Yang, Fude, Tan, Yunlong, Tan, Shuping, Wang, Zhiren, Fan, Fengmei, Chen, Jingxu, Xiang, Hong, Tang, Shiyou, Guo, Hua, Wan, Ping, Wei, Dong, Bockholt, Henry J., Ehrlich, Stefan, Wolthusen, Rick PF., King, Margaret D., Shoemaker, Jody M., Sponheim, Scott R., De Haan, Lieuwe, Koenders, Laura, Machielsen, Marise W., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Veltman, Dick J., Assogna, Francesca, Banaj, Nerisa, de Rossi, Pietro, Iorio, Mariangela, Piras, Fabrizio, Spalletta, Gianfranco, McKenna, Peter J., Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Salvador, Raymond, Corvin, Aiden, Donohoe, Gary, Kelly, Sinead, Whelan, Christopher D., Dickie, Erin W., Rotenberg, David, Voineskos, Aristotle, Ciufolini, Simone, Radua, Joaquim, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin, Marques, Tiago Reis, Simmons, Andrew, Borgwardt, Stefan, Egloff, Laura, Harrisberger, Fabienne, Riecher-Rössler, Anita, Smieskova, Renata, Alpert, Kathryn I., Wang, Lei, Jönsson, Erik G., Koops, Sanne, Sommer, Iris EC., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Neilson, Emma, Mayer, Andrew R., Stephen, Julia M., Kwon, Jun Soo, Yun, Je-Yeon, Cannon, Dara M., McDonald, Colm, Lebedeva, Irina, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Akhadov, Tolibjohn, Kaleda, Vasily, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Flyckt, Lena, Busatto, Geraldo F., Rosa, Pedro GP., Serpa, Mauricio H., Zanetti, Marcus V., Hoschl, Cyril, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Tomecek, David, Hagenaars, Saskia P., McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., Knöchel, Christian, Oertel-Knöchel, Viola, Stäblein, Michael, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk, Uhlmann, Anne, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Dima, Danai, McMahon, Agnes, Faskowitz, Joshua I., Gutman, Boris A., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., and Turner, Jessica A.

Subjects
Data Aggregation, Schizophrenia, Brain, Humans, Cooperative Behavior, Social Behavior, Article
Abstract

BACKGROUND. The profile of cortical neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia is not fully understood, despite hundreds of published structural brain imaging studies. This study presents the first meta-analysis of cortical thickness and surface area abnormalities in schizophrenia conducted by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis) Schizophrenia Working Group. METHOD. The study included data from 4474 individuals with schizophrenia (mean age=32.3, range: 11–78; 66% male) and 5098 healthy volunteers (mean age=32.8, range: 10–87; 53% male), assessed with standardized methods, at 39 centers worldwide. RESULTS. Compared to healthy volunteers, individuals with schizophrenia have widespread thinner cortex (left/right hemisphere: Cohen’s d=−0.530/−0.516) and smaller surface area (left/right hemisphere: d=−0.251/−0.254), with the largest effect sizes for both in frontal and temporal lobe regions. Regional group differences in cortical thickness remained significant when statistically controlling for global cortical thickness, suggesting regional specificity. In contrast, the effects for cortical surface area appear global. Case-control, negative, cortical thickness effect sizes were 2 to 3 times larger in antipsychotic medicated relative to unmedicated individuals. Negative correlations between age and bilateral temporal pole thickness were stronger in individuals with schizophrenia than in healthy volunteers. Regional cortical thickness showed significant negative correlations with normalized medication dose, symptom severity, and duration of illness, and positive correlations with age at onset. CONCLUSIONS. The findings indicate that the ENIGMA meta-analysis approach can achieve robust findings in clinical neuroscience studies; also, medication effects should be taken into account in future genetic association studies of cortical thickness in schizophrenia.

Published
2018

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