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3. Motor Learning and the Interactions Between Working Memory and Practice Schedule.

Author

Lage, Guilherme Menezes, Bicalho, Lucas Eduardo Antunes, Machado, Sergio, Lelis-Torres, Natália, Fernandes, Lidiane Aparecida, and Apolinário-Souza, Tércio

Subjects
*MOTOR learning, *RANDOM variables, *LEARNING goals, *TRIAL practice, *MEMORY
Abstract

The benefits of less repetitive practice schedules on motor learning are usually described in terms of greater demand for memory processes. The present study aimed to investigate the interactions between working memory and practice schedule and their effects on motor learning. Forty female participants had their WMC evaluated by the N-back test and were randomly allocated to either the variable random (VP) or the constant practice (CP) groups. In the acquisition phase, participants practiced 120 trials of a sequential key-pressing task with two goals: learning the relative and the absolute timing. Delayed retention and transfer tests occurred 24 h after the acquisition phase. Participants performed 12 trials of the motor task. Results showed that in the CP, learners with a high level of WMC presented better motor performance in the transfer test than learners with a low level of WMC. In the RP, no difference between WMC levels was found. Learners with a high level of WMC in the CP presented the same motor performance as learners in the RP regardless of the WMC level in the transfer test. In conclusion, learners with a high WMC could compensate for the poor working memory stimulation of a more repetitive practice schedule. The high WMC did not seem to exert an additional benefit when learners were well stimulated by a less repetitive practice schedule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Association Between Fast and Slow Learning and Molecular Processes in Repetitive Practice: A Post Hoc Analysis

Author

Apolinário-Souza, Tércio, Santos-Almeida, Ana Flavia, Torres, Natália Lelis, Parma, Juliana Otoni, Fernandes, Lidiane Aparecida, Pereira, Grace Schenatto, Lage, Guilherme Menezes, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Cota, Vinícius Rosa, editor, Barone, Dante Augusto Couto, editor, Dias, Diego Roberto Colombo, editor, and Damázio, Laila Cristina Moreira, editor

Published
2019
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21. Influence of Chronotype on Motor Behavior in Healthy Individuals: Analyses of Manual Dexterity in Different Times of the Day.

Author

Nogueira, Nathálya Gardênia de Holanda Marinho, Ferreira, Bárbara de Paula, Narciso, Fernanda Veruska, Parma, Juliana Otoni, Leão, Sara Edith Souza de Assis, Lage, Guilherme Menezes, and Fernandes, Lidiane Aparecida

Subjects
MOTOR ability, MORNINGNESS-Eveningness Questionnaire, SUPPLY & demand, ADULTS, MORNING
Abstract

This study investigated the influence of chronotype on motor behavior in a manual dexterity task performed at different times of the day. Sixteen healthy adults of each chronotype (morning, evening, and neither), as measured by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, practiced both conditions of the Grooved Pegboard Test either in the morning or in the afternoon to early evening. The "neither" chronotype (65.12 ± 7.46) was outperformed (ps ≤ .03) by both the morning (56.09 ± 7.21) and evening (58.94 ± 7.53) chronotypes when the task had higher cognitive and motor demand but was not outperformed in the task with lower demand (morning = 18.46 ± 2.11; evening = 19.34 ± 2.79; neither = 21.47 ± 2.54; p > .05). No difference between the morning and evening chronotypes was found at the different times of the day (ps > .05), suggesting that a manual dexterity task is not sufficiently demanding to be influenced by chronotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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22. Contextual Interference in Parkinson's Disease: a study review

Author

Mattedi, Raíssa Sthefanie Henrique, De Assis Leão, Sara Edith Souza, Meira, Paula Almeida, Lage, Guilherme Menezes, Nathálya Gardênia De Holanda Marinho Nogueira, De Paula Ferreira, Bárbara, Capelo, Nazaré Vidal, and De Oliveira, Mariana Alves

Subjects
Rehabilitation and Therapy, Practice Schedule, Parkinson's disease, Medicine and Health Sciences, Contextual Interference, Cognitive processes
Abstract

Introduction: Contextual Interference (CI) refers to the degree of interference generated by the execution of two or more skills during practice. When practicing several skills together, the practice of one interferes with the practice of the other and vice versa. Parameter variations of the same skill also generate CI, and CI, particularly in the context of random practice, can elicit greater involvement in externally guided movements and recruitment of attentional resources. Thus, a context of random practice may have clinical benefits for a population with neurological disorders that present dysfunction in brain regions involved in automaticity and the internal generation of movements, as with Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, the random practice can provoke greater involvement of externally guided movements, thus compensating the circuit that covers the impaired brain regions, such as the corticostriatal circuit (which involves areas such as the supplementary motor area and the striatum). Objective: Review and synthesize studies investigating contextual interference's effect on individuals with Parkinson's disease. Methods: The current integrative review consisted of the following steps: elaboration of the research questions that need to be answered, selection of articles, descriptions of the studies and their results, and interpretation of the results. This type of review was chosen due to the heterogeneity of the studies. The literature search was conducted on the databases PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus. We adopted the following as inclusion criteria: a) articles that investigated the effect of contextual interference (random versus blocked practice) in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, b) experiments with human subjects, c) articles published between 1997 and 2023, and d) articles published in English. Review articles, case and opinion studies, and studies that did not provide detailed descriptions of their procedures were excluded. The keywords used during the research were consulted in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS). We also considered terms used in published articles that were not found in DeCS. Two review authors screened the records obtained from the electronic searches and excluded the irrelevant studies based on the eligibility criteria. After a consensus between the same two authors, four articles were found eligible and, therefore, included in the study. Two independent reviewers critically assessed eligible studies for methodological quality from the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies. Any disagreements between reviewers were resolved through discussion or input from a third reviewer.

Published
2023
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28. The Effect of Different Combinations of Practice Schedules on Motor Response Stability during Practice.

Author

Apolinário-Souza, Tércio, Lelis-Torres, Natália, Czyż, Stanisław H., and Lage, Guilherme Menezes

Subjects
SCHEDULING, MENTAL arithmetic, REINFORCEMENT (Psychology)
Abstract

Many results in motor learning have indicated that relative and absolute timing dimensions are modulated by factors that modify response stability among trials. One of these factors is the combination of constant and variable practices. Although many researchers have investigated the combination of practice schedules, these researchers have used measurements that do not assess performance and motor response separately. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different combinations of practice schedules on motor response stability during practice. Participants performed a sequential key-pressing task with two goals: (1) to learn the relative timing dimension and (2) the absolute timing dimension. Participants were assigned to one of two groups: constant-variable or variable-constant. Our findings indicate an influence of the increase in variability over the practice in the constant-variable group. Precisely, the increase in variability of total time in the second half (constant-variable group) of practice was followed by the maintenance of the same level of cross-correlate between absolute timing error and variability of total time. Finally, our findings support the hypothesis that practicing in a constant schedule favors the relative timing dimension of learning regardless of the order in which the constant practice is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. Mirror therapy in upper limb motor recovery and activities of daily living, and its neural correlates in stroke individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Nogueira, Nathálya Gardênia de Holanda Marinho, primary, Parma, Juliana Otoni, additional, Leão, Sara Edith Souza de Assis, additional, Sales, Izabella de Souza, additional, Macedo, Lilian Carla, additional, Galvão, Ana Carolina Daher Ribas, additional, de Oliveira, Dalva Cadeu, additional, Murça, Tatiane Moisés, additional, Fernandes, Lidiane Aparecida, additional, Junqueira, Cristiani, additional, Lage, Guilherme Menezes, additional, and Ferreira, Bárbara de Paula, additional

Published
2021
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31. Comparação da destreza manual em indivíduos com lateralidade distinta

Author

Fernandes, Lidiane Aparecida, Alves, Wallace Tadeu, Ribeiro, Simara Regina de Oliveira, Figueiredo, Lucas Savassi, Ambrósio, Natália Fontes Alves, Couto, Crislaine Rangel, Lage, Guilherme Menezes, Fernandes, Lidiane Aparecida, Alves, Wallace Tadeu, Ribeiro, Simara Regina de Oliveira, Figueiredo, Lucas Savassi, Ambrósio, Natália Fontes Alves, Couto, Crislaine Rangel, and Lage, Guilherme Menezes

Abstract

INTRODUÇÃO: A destreza manual pode ser definida como a habilidade e a facilidade na utilização das mãos, como escrever, dedilhar um instrumento musical, lançar e apanhar. A lateralidade pode ser conceituada como a preferência de utilização por um dos membros em detrimento ao outro e se confirma, por exemplo, em indivíduos destros e canhotos, influenciando nos distintos desempenhos das mãos. OBJETIVO: Comparar a destreza manual em destros e canhotos através da tarefa de colocar e retirar pinos no Grooved Pegboard Test. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 20 voluntários saudáveis, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 40 anos, dividida em dois grupos, sendo: 5 homens e 5 mulheres de população destra e 5 homens e 5 mulheres de população canhota. Referente ao índice de dominância lateral, os indivíduos destros apresentaram índice médio de 97% e os indivíduos canhotos de 91% no Inventário de Dominância Lateral de Edimburgo. RESULTADOS: Na condição de colocar os pinos foram observadas diferenças entre as mãos dos destros [t(df=9)=-7,16; p=0,01] e dos canhotos [t(df=9)=4,80; p=0,01], o uso da mão preferida apresentou melhor desempenho relacionado ao uso da mão não preferida. Já para a condição de retirar os pinos não foram observadas diferenças entre as mãos direita e esquerda para os destros [t(df=9)=-1,96; p=0,08] e nem para os canhotos [t(df=9)=1,27; p=0,23]. Em relação ao índice de assimetria não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos, apesar de parecer que as assimetrias se destacam em tarefas nas quais a demanda cognitiva é maior do que a demanda energética. CONCLUSÃO: O desempenho nas tarefas de destreza manual foi diferente para a mão preferida tanto para destros quanto para canhotos, sendo que a mão preferida apresentou melhor desempenho quando comparada à mão não preferida.Comparison of manual dexterity in individuals with distinct lateralityABSTRACT BACKGROUND: A manual dexterity can be defined as the skill and ease of using the hands, such as writing

Published
2021

32. Combined practice and learning of movement pattern and precisionof the volleyball serve in beginners

Author

Matos, Cíntia, Benda, Rodolfo, Januário, Marcelo, Costa, Cícero Luciano, Ferreira, Arthur, Lucas, Matheus, Marinho, Flávio, Lage, Guilherme Menezes, Ugrinowitsch, Herbert, Matos, Cíntia, Benda, Rodolfo, Januário, Marcelo, Costa, Cícero Luciano, Ferreira, Arthur, Lucas, Matheus, Marinho, Flávio, Lage, Guilherme Menezes, and Ugrinowitsch, Herbert

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the combined practice schedule on learning both the movement pattern and precisionof a complex sports motor skill. Based on pretest performance, sixteen participants (14.19 ± 1.80 years-old)were counterbalanced into two groups, random practice and combined practice. During the acquisition phase, the participants performed 252 trials of the Japanese volleyball serve divided equally into six sessions. The score of movement pattern and score of serve precision measures were analyzed on the pretest and retention test. The results showed that combined practice led to movement pattern improvement,and random practice improved serve precision. These results give support to the proposition that movement patternsand parameters have distinct structures of control. Also, the results indicate that combined practice needs a higher amount of random practice to promote parameters improvement.

Published
2021

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