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The relationship between nuclear temperature and excitation energy of hot nuclei formed by 8 GeV/c negative pion and antiproton beams incident on 197Au has been investigated with the ISiS 4-pidetector array at the BNL AGS accelerator. The double-isotope-ratio technique was used to calculate the temperature of the hot system. The two thermometers used (p/d-3He/4He) and (d/t-3He/4He) are in agreement below E*/A ~ 7 MeV when corrected for secondary decay. Comparison of these caloric curves to those from other experiments shows some differences that may be attributable to instrumentation and analysis procedures. The caloric curves from this experiment are also compared with the predictions from the SMM multifragmentation model., Comment: 34 pages, 11 figures

For many years it has been speculated that excited nuclei would undergo a liquid to vapor phase transition. For even longer, it has been known that clusterization in a vapor carries direct information on the liquid- vapor equilibrium according to Fisher's droplet model. Now the thermal component of the 8 GeV/c pion + 197Au multifragmentation data of the ISiS Collaboration is shown to follow the scaling predicted by Fisher's model, thus providing the strongest evidence yet of the liquid to vapor phase transition., Comment: four pages, four figures, first two in color (corrected typo in Ref. [26], corrected error in Fig. 4)

Primary and secondary masses of heavy reaction products have been deduced from kinematics and E-ToF measurements, respectively, for the direct and reverse collisions of 93Nb and 116Sn at 25 AMeV. Light charged particles have also been measured in coincidence with the heavy fragments. Direct experimental evidence of the correlation of energy-sharing with net mass transfer has been found using the information from both the heavy fragments and the light charged particles. The ratio of Hydrogen and Helium multiplicities points to a further correlation of angular momentum sharing with net mass transfer., Comment: 21 pages, 20 figures. Submitted to European Physics Journal A

Experimental data from the reaction of an 8.0 GeV/c pi- beam incident on a 197Au target have been analyzed in order to investigate the integrated breakup time scale for hot residues. Alpha-particle energy spectra and particle angular distributions supported by a momentum tensor analysis suggest that at large excitation energy, above 3-5 MeV/nucleon, light-charged particles are emitted prior to or at the same time as the emission of the heavy fragments. Comparison with the SMM and GEMINI models is presented. A binary fission-like mechanism fits the experimental data at low excitation energies, but seems unable to reproduce the data at excitation energies above 3-5 MeV/nucleon., Comment: 12 pages including 3 postscript figures

Excitation-energy-gated two-fragment correlation functions have been studied between 2 to 9A MeV of excitation energy for equilibrium-like sources formed in $\pi^-$ and p + $^{197}$Au reactions at beam momenta of 8,9.2 and 10.2 GeV/c. Comparison of the data to an N-body Coulomb-trajectory code shows a decrease of one order of magnitude in the fragment emission time in the excitation energy interval 2-5A MeV, followed by a nearly constant breakup time at higher excitation energy. The observed decrease in emission time is shown to be strongly correlated with the increase of the fragment emission probability, and the onset of thermally-induced radial expansion. This result is interpreted as evidence consistent with a transition from surface-dominated to bulk emission expected for spinodal decomposition., Comment: 11 pages including 3 postscript figures (1 color)

We have created quasiprojectiles of varying isospin via peripheral reactions of 28Si + 112Sn and 124Sn at 30 and 50 MeV/nucleon. The quasiprojectiles have been reconstructed from completely isotopically identified fragments. The difference in N/Z of the reconstructed quasiprojectiles allows the investigation of the disassembly as a function of the isospin of the fragmenting system. The isobaric yield ratio 3H/3He depends strongly on N/Z ratio of quasiprojectiles. The dependences of mean fragment multiplicity and mean N/Z ratio of the fragments on N/Z ratio of the quasiprojectile are different for light charged particles and intermediate mass fragments. Observation of a different N/Z ratio of light charged particles and intermediate mass fragments is consistent with an inhomogeneous distribution of isospin in the fragmenting system., Comment: 5 pages, 4 Postscript figures, RevTeX

A dependence of the isobaric ratio Y(3H)/Y(3He) on the N/Z ratio of the reconstructed quasiprojectile for the reaction of 28Si beam with 112,124Sn targets at two different projectile energies 30 and 50 MeV/nucleon is presented. We demonstrate a linear dependence of ln(Y(3H)/Y(3He)) on the quasiprojectile N/Z ratio and show the dependence of the slope on reconstructed excitation energy of the quasiprojectile. We relate this slope dependence at a given excitation energy to the temperature of the fragmenting system. Using the model assumptions of the statistical multifragmentation model, a method of temperature determination is proposed. A caloric curve is constructed and compared to the result of double isotope ratio method for the same set of data and to the results of other studies., Comment: 13 pages, 4 Postscript figures, elsart, accepted to Physics Letters B

Multifragmentation of quasiprojectiles was studied in reactions of 28Si beam with 112Sn and 124Sn targets at projectile energies 30 and 50 MeV/nucleon. The quasiprojectile observables were reconstructed using isotopically identified charged particles with Z_f <= 5 detected at forward angles. The nucleon exchange between projectile and target was investigated using isospin and excitation energy of reconstructed quasiprojectile. For events with total reconstructed charge equal to the charge of the beam (Z_tot = 14) the influence of beam energy and target isospin on neutron transfer was studied in detail. Simulations employing subsequently model of deep inelastic transfer, statistical model of multifragmentation and software replica of FAUST detector array were carried out. A concept of deep inelastic transfer provides good description of production of highly excited quasiprojectiles. The isospin and excitation energy of quasiprojectile were described with good overall agreement. The fragment multiplicity, charge and isospin were reproduced satisfactorily. The range of contributing impact parameters was determined using backtracing procedure., Comment: 11 pages, 8 Postscript figures, LaTeX, to appear in Phys. Rev. C ( Dec 2000)

Excitation-energy distributions have been derived from measurements of 5.0-14.6 GeV/c antiproton, proton and pion reactions with $^{197}$Au target nuclei, using the ISiS 4$\pi$ detector array. The maximum probability for producing high excitation-energy events is found for the antiproton beam relative to other hadrons, $^3$He and $\bar{p}$ beams from LEAR. For protons and pions, the excitation-energy distributions are nearly independent of hadron type and beam momentum above about 8 GeV/c. The excitation energy enhancement for $\bar{p}$ beams and the saturation effect are qualitatively consistent with intranuclear cascade code predictions. For all systems studied, maximum cluster sizes are observed for residues with E*/A $\sim$ 6 MeV., Comment: 14 pages including 5 figures and 1 table. Accepted in Physics Letter B. also available at http://nuchem.iucf.indiana.edu/

Light charged particles emitted by the projectile-like fragment were measured in the direct and reverse collision of $^{93}$Nb and $^{116}$Sn at 25 AMeV. The experimental multiplicities of Hydrogen and Helium particles as a function of the primary mass of the emitting fragment show evidence for a correlation with net mass transfer. The ratio of Hydrogen and Helium multiplicities points to a dependence of the angular momentum sharing on the net mass transfer., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures

Fragment production has been studied as a function of the source mass and excitation energy in peripheral collisions of $^{35}$Cl+$^{197}$Au at 43 MeV/nucleon and $^{70}$Ge+$^{nat}$Ti at 35 MeV/nucleon. The results are compared to the Au+Au data at 600 MeV/nucleon obtained by the ALADIN collaboration. A mass scaling, by $A_{source} \sim$ 35 to 190, strongly correlated to excitation energy per nucleon, is presented, suggesting a thermal fragment production mechanism. Comparisons to a standard sequential decay model and the lattice-gas model are made. Fragment emission from a hot, rotating source is unable to reproduce the experimental source size scaling., Comment: 13 pages LaTeX file, including 3 postscript figures (in .tar.gz fornmat), accepted in Phys. Rev. C . Also available at http://thomson.phy.ulaval.ca/ions_lourds/gil-en.html

The partition of decay energy between the kinetic energy of reaction products and their Q-value of formation is obtained in a statistical derivation appropriate to highly excited nuclei, and is shown to be in a constant ratio. We measure the kinetic energy fraction, $R = \Sigma E_{kin}/(\Sigma E_{kin} + \Sigma Q_0)$, over a wide range of excitation energy for well-defined systems formed in the Cl + C reaction at 35A MeV. Relationships between excitation energy, charged-particle multiplicity, and intermediate-mass-fragment multiplicity, observed in this work and in recent experiments by a number of other groups, follow from the derivation of the average kinetic energies and Q-values., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, latex