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Simple Summary: Under the shortage of roughage resources in China, Silphium perfoliatum L. (SP) can be an ideal roughage choice for ruminants and has good application prospects. Ensiling is an efficient forage treatment technology for retaining the nutrients and extending the shelf life of forage. At present, there have been no reports on the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri, whether alone or in combination, on Silphium perfoliatum L. silage. Therefore, in this experiment, L. plantarum and L. buchneri were added individually or combined to SP-silage to investigate the effects of different fermentation types of Lactobacilli on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility, and aerobic stability of SP-silage. It was found that a mixture of L. plantarum and L. buchneri provided the best silage results. L. buchneri can be used as an additive to improve the aerobic stability of SP-silage. The results of our research provide a certain scientific basis and technical support for obtaining high-quality SP-silage in production. In this experiment, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri were added individually or in combination to Silphium perfoliatum L. (SP) silage to investigate the effects of different fermentation types of lactobacilli on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility, and aerobic stability of SP-silage, with a view to providing a certain scientific basis and technical support for obtaining high-quality SP-silage in production. The experiment comprised a non-additive group (control), an L. plantarum group (LP), an L. buchneri group (LB), and an L. plantarum and L. buchneri mixed treatment group (LPLB). Samples were taken after 60 days of fermentation and analyzed for the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility, and aerobic stability of the SP-silage. The results showed that the addition of LP, LB, and LPLB significantly reduced the pH and proportion of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen and significantly increased the lactic acid, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and in vitro crude protein digestibility in the SP-silage (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the dry matter and crude protein contents of the LB and LPLB groups were significantly increased, while the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The SP-silage supplemented with LPLB had the highest dry matter and crude protein contents. The gross and digestible energies of the SP-silage in the LB and LPLB groups were significantly higher than those in the control and LP groups (p < 0.05). The aerobic stability of the SP-silage was significantly reduced by 24.14% in the LP group and increased by 58.62% and 34.48% in the LB and LPLB groups, respectively, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). It was shown that adding a combination of LP and LB resulted in the best fermentation quality, nutritional value, and in vitro digestibility of the SP-silage. LB was effective in improving the aerobic stability of SP-silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the enhancement of Novel Sorghum bicolor × S. propinquum Hybrid utilization, optimal planting densities and silage methods remain elusive. This study assesses the effects of planting densities, cellulase (CE), Lactobacillus buchneri (LAB), and their combination (LC) on fermentation quality and bacterial diversity of the hybrid silage. The experiment was carried out in a completely random block design with four additives and five planting densities (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) as follows (4 additives × 5 planting densities): a control group without additives (CK), a group treated with Lactobacillus buchneri (LAB), a group with cellulase (CE), and a group treated with a combination of LAB and CE (LC), maintaining triplicates per treatment. In this study, the additive treatment improved the fermentation quality of silage compared with the control. In the M2-LC group, the contents of crude protein (CP; 7.88%), ether extract (EE; 1.91%), and ash (7.76%) were the highest, while the pH (3.30) was the lowest. The water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC; 11.28%) content was the highest in the M3-CE group, the lactic acid (LA; 6.79%) content was the highest in the M4-CE group, and the acetic acid (AA; 7.71%) content was the highest in the M2-LAB group. Meanwhile, the neutral washing fiber (NDF; 53.17%) content was the lowest in the M5-CE group, the acid detergent fiber (ADF; 41.01%) content was the lowest in the M2-CE group, and the propionic acid (PA; 0.26%) content was the lowest in the M1-LAB group. Adding LC notably reduced bacterial diversity, boosted Lentilactobacillus, and curbed Proteobacteria. LAB and LC markedly improved amino acid metabolism over CE and CK. Conversely, beta-lactam resistance, flagellar assembly, and ascorbate/aldarate metabolism pathways were suppressed. In the future, we will explore a variety of additives and adjust the cutting height to improve its comprehensive quality, create an innovative path for silage production, promote the efficient use of agricultural resources, and provide high-quality feed for animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to study the effects of adding Lactobacillus brucei and Bacillus subtilis live bacterial liquid in the diet on the reproductive performance and ovarian development of Guangxi Ma chickens during the peak egglaying period. A total of 480 healthy Guangxi Ma chickens at 27 weeks of age during the peak egg-laying period were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates per group, each replicate consisting of 40 chickens. The trial lasted for nine weeks. The control group was fed a basic diet, the M1 group was supplemented with a live bacterial liquid of Lactobacillus brucei and Bacillus subtilis in a 1∶ 1 ratio in the basic diet, the L1 group was supplemented with Lactobacillus brucei live bacterial liquid in the basic diet, and the B1 group was supplemented with Bacillus subtilis live bacterial liquid in the basic diet, with the viable bacteria count of the probiotic preparation being 4.5×108 CFU/mL. The results showed that compared with the control group, the egg-laying rate of the M1 group significantly increased (P<0.05) from the 2nd to the 8th week, and the average egg-laying rate and the rate of qualified breeding eggs significantly increased (P<0.05). The levels of reproductive hormones such as serum E, PROG, FSH, and LH in the M1 group, as well as the relative expression levels of ovarian ER mRNA, PR mRNA, FSHR mRNA, and LHR mRNA, were all significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that the addition of a mixed bacterial liquid of Lactobacillus brucei and Bacillus subtilis in the diet can improve the reproductive performance of Guangxi Ma breeder chickens during the peak egg-laying period and promote the maturation of follicles and the development of the ovaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage is essential for producing high-quality silage. Our research assessed the effect of inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis and its modulation of the bacterial and fungal microbial community structure in an aerobic stage of whole-plant corn silage. Following treatment with a distilled sterile water control, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Bacillus licheniformis (2 × 105 cfu/g), whole-plant corn was ensiled for 60 days. Samples were taken on days 0, 3, and 7 of aerobic exposure, and the results showed that inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis improved the aerobic stability of silage when compared to the effect of the control (p < 0.05). Inoculation with Bacillus licheniformis attenuated the increase in pH value and the decrease in lactic acid in the aerobic stage (p < 0.05), reducing the filamentous fungal counts. On the other hand, inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis increased the diversity of the fungal communities (p < 0.05), complicating the correlation between bacteria or fungi, reducing the relative abundance of Acetobacter and Paenibacillus in bacterial communities, and inhibiting the tendency of Monascus to replace Issatchenkia in fungal communities, thus delaying the aerobic spoilage process. Due to the prevention of the development of aerobic spoilage microorganisms, the silage injected with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis exhibited improved aerobic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixture of whole-plant soybean and whole-plant corn silage (WPSCS) is nutrient balanced and is also a promising roughage for ruminants. However, few studies have investigated the changes in bacterial community succession in WPSCS inoculated with homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and whether WPSCS inoculated with LAB can improve fermentation quality by reducing nutrient losses. This study investigated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) or Lactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri) on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and bacterial community of WPSCS. A 40:60 ratio of whole-plant soybean corn was inoculated without (CK) or with L. plantarum (LP), L. buchneri (LB), and a mixture of LP and LB (LPB), and fermented for 14, 28, and 56 days, followed by 7 days of aerobic exposure. The 56-day silage results indicated that the dry matter content of the LP and LB groups reached 37.36 and 36.67%, respectively, which was much greater than that of the CK group (36.05%). The pH values of the LP, LB, and LPB groups were significantly lower than those of the CK group (p < 0.05). The ammoniacal nitrogen content of LB was significantly lower than that of the other three groups (p < 0.05), and the ammoniacal nitrogen content of LP and LPB was significantly lower than that of CK (p < 0.05). The acetic acid content and aerobic stability of the LB group were significantly greater than those of the CK, LP, and LPB groups (p < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing revealed a dominant bacteria shift from Proteobacteria in fresh forage to Firmicutes in silage at the phylum level. Lactobacillus remained the dominant genus in all silage. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEFSe) analysis identified Lactobacillus as relatively abundant in LP-treated silage and Weissella in LB-treated groups. The results of KEGG pathway analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the silage microbial flora showed that the abundance of genes related to amino acid metabolism in the LP, LB, and LPB groups was lower than that in the CK group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LAB application can improve the fermentation quality and nutritional value of WPSCS by regulating the succession of microbial communities and metabolic pathways during ensiling. Concurrently, the LB inoculant showed the potential to improve the aerobic stability of WPSCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the enhancement of Novel Sorghum bicolor × S. propinquum Hybrid utilization, optimal planting densities and silage methods remain elusive. This study assesses the effects of planting densities, cellulase (CE), Lactobacillus buchneri (LAB), and their combination (LC) on fermentation quality and bacterial diversity of the hybrid silage. The experiment was carried out in a completely random block design with four additives and five planting densities (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) as follows (4 additives × 5 planting densities): a control group without additives (CK), a group treated with Lactobacillus buchneri (LAB), a group with cellulase (CE), and a group treated with a combination of LAB and CE (LC), maintaining triplicates per treatment. In this study, the additive treatment improved the fermentation quality of silage compared with the control. In the M2-LC group, the contents of crude protein (CP; 7.88%), ether extract (EE; 1.91%), and ash (7.76%) were the highest, while the pH (3.30) was the lowest. The water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC; 11.28%) content was the highest in the M3-CE group, the lactic acid (LA; 6.79%) content was the highest in the M4-CE group, and the acetic acid (AA; 7.71%) content was the highest in the M2-LAB group. Meanwhile, the neutral washing fiber (NDF; 53.17%) content was the lowest in the M5-CE group, the acid detergent fiber (ADF; 41.01%) content was the lowest in the M2-CE group, and the propionic acid (PA; 0.26%) content was the lowest in the M1-LAB group. Adding LC notably reduced bacterial diversity, boosted Lentilactobacillus, and curbed Proteobacteria. LAB and LC markedly improved amino acid metabolism over CE and CK. Conversely, beta-lactam resistance, flagellar assembly, and ascorbate/aldarate metabolism pathways were suppressed. In the future, we will explore a variety of additives and adjust the cutting height to improve its comprehensive quality, create an innovative path for silage production, promote the efficient use of agricultural resources, and provide high-quality feed for animal husbandry.

Bu çalışma, silolama öncesi aktifleştirilen Lactobacillus buchneri (NCIMB 40788 ˗ CNCM I-4323; Lalsil AS, Lallemand Inc., Canada) inokulantının mısır silajına üre ile ilavesinin fermantasyon ve aerobik stabilite üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla düzenlenmiştir. Mısır süt olum döneminde hasat edilmiştir. Hasat sonrası materyaller, 6 muamele grubuna bölünmüştür. Muamele grupları 1- Kontrol; 2- Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), 3×108 kob/g taze materyal; 3- Üre (Üre), %1 kuru madde; 4- Lactobacillus buchneri + Üre (LB+Üre); 5-Aktive edilen Lactobacillus buchneri (aLB), 3×108 kob/g taze materyal; 6- Aktive edilen Lactobacillus buchneri + Üre (aLB+Üre)’den oluşmaktadır. Katkı maddesi ilavesinden sonra silaj örnekleri her muamele grubunda 3’er tekerrür olmak üzere plastik torbalara vakumlanarak doldurulmuştur. Fermantasyonun 1., 3., 7., 14. ve 75. günü açılan silaj örneklerinde kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler yapılmıştır. Yetmiş beşinci gün açılan silajlara 7 gün süre ile aerobik stabilite testi uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada silolama öncesi aktifleştirilen Lactobacillus buchneri inokulantı ve üre ilavesi mısır silajlarının fermantasyonun ve aerobik stabilitesini olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. aLB grubundaki silajların ham protein (HP), laktik asit (LA) değerleri artarken, asetik asit (AA), propiyonik asit (PA), pH, nötral çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif (NDF), asit çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif (ADF), hemiselüloz (HSEL) ve maya içerikleri ise düşmüştür. Silajlara aLB+ Üre ilave edilmesi silajların aerobik stabilitelerinin gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Sonuç olarak aktifleştirilen Lactobacillus buchneri ve ürenin birlikte kullanılması mısırın fermantasyon profili, kimyasal bileşimini ve aerobik stabilitesini iyileştirebilir.

Caragana korshinskii is a forage shrub species with high-protein content that has been extensively used to alleviate feed shortages for ruminants in northern China. Herein, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and microbiome composition and the predicted functional characteristics of C. korshinskii silage. C. korshinskii silages were inoculated with and without L. rhamnosus or L. buchneri. After 14 and 56 days of ensiling, the aerobic stability was determined. The results revealed that after 14 and 56 days of ensiling, L. rhamnosus- and L. buchneri-inoculated silage exhibited increased acetic acid and lactic acid contents, whereas the pH and 2,3-butanediol and butyric acid contents were decreased compared with those of the control silage. The control silages that were opened at 14 and 56 d, deteriorated during the aerobic stability test, whereas silages inoculated with L. rhamnosus and L. buchneri did not exhibit any aerobic deterioration. The control silage showed an increased Clostridium and Bacillus abundance, whereas Lactobacillus abundance decreased compared with L. rhamnosus- and L. buchneri-inoculated silages, following the 7 days of aerobic exposure. The fermentation parameters were associated with microbial communities, including Lactobacillus, Pedicoccus, Weissella, Clostridium, and Bacillus. Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms in the control silage decreased after 7 days of aerobic exposure compared with lactic acid bacteria-inoculated silages. To conclude, next-generation sequencing combined with 16S ribosomal RNA gene-predicted functional analyses might provide new information about the silage quality during fermentation and the aerobic stability.

Enhancing the aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage is essential for producing high-quality silage. Our research assessed the effect of inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis and its modulation of the bacterial and fungal microbial community structure in an aerobic stage of whole-plant corn silage. Following treatment with a distilled sterile water control, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Bacillus licheniformis (2 × 105 cfu/g), whole-plant corn was ensiled for 60 days. Samples were taken on days 0, 3, and 7 of aerobic exposure, and the results showed that inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis improved the aerobic stability of silage when compared to the effect of the control (p < 0.05). Inoculation with Bacillus licheniformis attenuated the increase in pH value and the decrease in lactic acid in the aerobic stage (p < 0.05), reducing the filamentous fungal counts. On the other hand, inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis increased the diversity of the fungal communities (p < 0.05), complicating the correlation between bacteria or fungi, reducing the relative abundance of Acetobacter and Paenibacillus in bacterial communities, and inhibiting the tendency of Monascus to replace Issatchenkia in fungal communities, thus delaying the aerobic spoilage process. Due to the prevention of the development of aerobic spoilage microorganisms, the silage injected with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis exhibited improved aerobic stability.

Background: No studies have been conducted evaluating sugarcane silage associated with both Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus for lactating dairy cows. Objective: To evaluate diets containing different roughages with and without microbial inoculants on intake, digestibility and milk yield of medium-producing cows. Methods: A total of 15 Holstein cows distributed into a randomized block design were used. Dietary treatments were: 1) a corn silage-based diet (CS), 2) a fresh sugarcane-based diet (SC), 3) a sugarcane silage ensiled without inoculant (SS), 4) sugarcane silage ensiled with Lactobacillus buchneri (SSLB), and 5) sugarcane silage ensiled with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus (SSLP). Results: Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) was lower (p

The objective of the trials was to determine the effect of two silage inoculant strains Lactobacillus buchneri and Propionibacteria acidipropionici on grass containing medium and high levels of WSC for fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of silages. The basic raw materials originated from second growth cut grasses from 2 different plots of the farm: 1st.grass components were a mixture of grass- and leguminous species, contained medium 1.5-3.0% WSC/FM. The 2nd grass components was mainly grass species; with high>3% WSC/FM content. We stored the filled micro (4.2 litre) containers on ambient temperature. It was proven that both inoculant strains significantly decreased lactic acid content (P240 hours was the Lactobacillus buchneri treated silages originated from medium WSC/FM grass. The main advantage of treatment of L. buchneri on grass compared to P. acidipropionici is the longer aerobic stability of silage (P

This study aims to investigate the effects of adding Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus brevis (LBR) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) on the fermentation quality, nitrate degradation and bacterial community of sorghum-sudangrass silage. The results showed that the addition of LB significantly increased the pH and acetic acid content (p < 0.05), but high-quality silage was obtained. The addition of LBR and BS improved the fermentation quality of sorghumsudangrass silage. The use of additives reduced the nitrate content in sorghum-sudangrass silage. The LB group increased the release of N2O at 3-7 days of ensiling (p < 0.05), and LBR and BS increased the release of N2O at 1-40 days of ensiling (p < 0.05). On the first day of ensiling, all silages were dominated by Weisslla, over 3 days of ensiling all silages were dominated by Lactobacillus. Acinetobacter, Serratia, Aquabacterium, and unclassified_f_ enterobacteriaceae showed significant negative correlations with nitrate degradation during sorghum-sudangrass ensiling (p < 0.05). The BS and LBR groups increased the metabolic abundance of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilatory nitrate reduction (p < 0.05). Overall, the additive ensures the fermentation quality of sorghum-sudangrass silage and promotes the degradation of nitrate by altering the bacterial community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myriophyllum aquaticum (M. aquaticum) is a commonly used aquatic macrophyte for water purification and could be utilized as animal food. However, the high water content of M. aquaticum makes it difficult for long-term preservation, which leads to challenges as an ideal animal feed ingredient. The storage of Silage for long periods may be a proper method to solve the problem. In the present paper, we assess the effects of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), or their combination on fermentation and microbial communities during the ensiling of M. aquaticum silage. The results show that the LP-treated silage displays a higher lactic acid concentration than that in the control silage. Both LB and LP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, but decreased the abundance of Serratia and Prevotella_9 in M. aquaticum silage after 60 days of ensiling. Both LB and LP increased the diversity and richness of fungi. Therefore, the inoculation of LP improved silage fermentation during ensiling. These results show that the inoculation of lactic acid bacteria improves the fermentation quality of M. aquaticum silage, which makes it possible for the application of M. aquaticum to animal forage in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the effects of the use of Lactobacillus buchneri (Lb) and the maize pre-ensiling composition on the aerobic silage stability in a panel of 88 maize ensiled 60 days in 21 L buckets. Lb was dispensed at three dosages and compared to a control (pure water). The prognostic multiparametric risk score was used to find the risk factors related to the chemical composition of the fresh plant, associated with the onset of aerobic instability in maize silage. A multivariable Akaike's Information Criterion in the backward Cox proportional hazard regression was estimated for pre-ensiled maize chemical traits. A Multiple Factorial Analysis (MFA) was calculated. The hazard ratios were 1.02, 1.34, 0.66, 0.65, 1.57, and 1.06 for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), aNDF, lignin (sulfuric acid, sa), and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), respectively (p < 0.05, DM, p = 0.15). At the MFA, ash, CP, aNDF, ADF, and lignin (sa) were grouped with a positive Dim-1, while DM, EE, and starch were grouped with a negative coordinate; WSC stood alone with Dim-1 close to zero. CP, EE, aNDF, lignin (sa), and WSC resulted in the most relevant traits and were used to build the nomogram. The use of strains of Lb improved the aerobic stability for maize harvested at <300 g/kg of DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conservation of elephant grass cultivar Capiaçu in the form of total mixed ration (TMR) silage can help to improve the quality of the fermentative process and optimize feed management. However, the best cutting age of grass and the necessity of using microbes-enzymatic additives to aid in the process have not been determined thus far. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate cutting age and different microbes-enzymatic additives on the fermentative and nutritional quality of total mixed ration (TMR) silages based on BRS Capiaçu. A completely randomized design was used in a 3×3 factorial scheme, with three cutting ages of grass (60, 90, and 120 days of regrowth), associated with three types of additives [CON (control), HOM (homofermentative inoculant + fibrolytic enzyme), and COMBO (homofermentative inoculant + heterofermentative inoculant + fibrolytic enzyme)]. The fermentative losses, the production of organic acids, chemical composition, and the aerobic stability of the tested silages were measured. The TMR silages containing 60-day-old grass showed the lowest dry matter contents, highest effluent production, and lower aerobic stability. The COMBO inoculant application provided higher acetic acid contents and greater aerobic stability of the 90- and 120-day-old grass silages. The highest lactic acid concentrations were observed in silages produced with the 60- and 90-day-old grass silages. It is concluded that the TMR produced with BRS Capiaçu at 90 days of age and in association with COMBO is the best option to balance the nutritional and fermentative quality of this type of silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the influence of a commercial bacterial inoculant (L1) and a preparation (L2) containing three Lactobacillus strains capable of producing 1,2-propanediol and short-chain fatty acids on maize silage aerobic stability improvement. The research showed that during 90-day ensilage, the applied preparations significantly reduced the content of DM, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs), pH and DM recovery (P < 0.05). The concentration of lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA) and propionic acid (PA) in the inoculated samples increased significantly (P < 0.05). 1,2-Propandiol and 1-propanol were not found in control silages (without additives). The addition of L1 and L2 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the concentration of these substances. The L1 and L2 mixtures significantly extended (P < 0.05) the silage aerobic stability.

Bacterial preparations contribute to the digestion of mineral nutrition, have antifungicidal activity, increase the grain productivity and biomass of cultivated crops. We studied the influence of microbiological preparations developed on the basis of microorganisms Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus buchneri on the growth processes, photosynthetic parameters and grain productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Sonet variety. The experiments were performed in 2019 in the North-West of the Russian Federation. The biological preparations were introduced by soaking seeds and treatment of the plants in the phase of third leaf with solutions of the preparations in the concentration of 1 mL/L. The laboratory surveys revealed the positive effect of the biological preparations on germination rate and energy of germination of seeds. Field trials were conducted on micro plots in six replications. During field experiments, we determined that introduction of biological preparations led to significant increase in the leaf area in the experimental plants (to 64.5%), increase in average daily growth gains (to 82.9%) and accumulation of biomass (to 73.1%). Somewhat higher efficiency was exerted by the biological preparation developed on the basis of a strain of L. buchneri. Perhaps, such effect takes place due to higher activity of pigment units of phytohormones of the auxin group. In our opinion, biological preparations accelerate the completion of the ontogenesis phases, thus the plants more rapidly achieve their genetically programmed sizes and transform to the stage of ear-formation. The studied biological preparations increased the coefficient of agricultural use of plants, and grain productivity of barley by up to 15.8%, and nutritional value remained. Microbial preparations on the basis of B. subtilis and L. buchneri exhibited efficiency, and their trials shall be continued on other crops on industrial scales.

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We evaluated the ability of an inoculant containing a combination of Lactobacillus hilgardii and Lactobacillus buchneri to modify the microbiome and improve the aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage after various lengths of ensiling. Chopped whole-plant corn at about 33% dry matter (DM) was uninoculated (CTR) or inoculated with L. hilgardii CNCM I-4785 and L. buchneri NCIMB 40788 at 200,000 cfu/g of fresh forage weight each (combined application rate of 400,000 cfu of lactic acid bacteria/g of fresh forage weight; LHLB), L. buchneri NCIMB 40788 at 400,000 cfu/g of fresh forage weight and Pediococcus pentosaceus NCIMB 12455 at 100,000 cfu/g of fresh forage weight, used as a positive control (LB500) , L. hilgardii CNCM I-4785 at the application rate used in the LHLB formulation of 200,000 cfu/g of fresh forage weight (LH), or L. buchneri NCIMB 40788 at the application rate used in the LHLB formulation of 200,000 cfu/g of fresh forage weight (LB). Silos were opened after 34 and 99 d of ensiling and analyzed for nutrient composition, fermentation profile, microbiome, and aerobic stability. After 34 d of ensiling, the inoculated silages had greater numbers of culturable lactic acid bacteria, a bacterial community less rich and diverse, greater relative abundance of Lactobacillus , lower relative abundance of Klebsiella , and a greater concentration of propionic acid than uninoculated silages. Inoculation decreased the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid, except for LB alone. Treatment LHLB resulted in silage with a greater concentration of 1,2-propanediol than LB500 and was the only treatment to have a lower relative abundance of Saccharomycetes compared with uninoculated silage. Treatments LHLB and LB500 improved the aerobic stability compared with CTR, but the individual LH and LB treatments applied at a low dose did not. Whereas LB500 was stable 34 h longer than CTR, LHLB was stable 91 h longer. After 99 d of ensiling, all inoculated silages had markedly greater aerobic stability than uninoculated silage and were stable for more than 360 h. The inoculant containing a combination of L. hilgardii and L. buchneri markedly improved the aerobic stability of corn silage after a relatively short period of ensiling, and such improvements were greater than the ones obtained from inoculation with the combination of L. buchneri and P. pentosaceus. Inoculating with the combination of L. hilgardii and L. buchneri may be helpful to producers that must feed silage shortly after ensiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of a dual-purpose inoculant (DPI) on the fermentation profile, nutritive value, and aerobic stability of silage. The inoculant effect was first examined with minisilos, and the results were later validated with 400-kg silo bales and a 40-t bunker silo. Briefly, whole-plant corn harvested at the one-half to two-thirds milk line stage was chopped and then treated with or without inoculant containing Lactobacillus plantarum LP1028 and Lactobacillus buchneri LBC1029 at application rates of 2.5 × 105 cfu and 5.0 × 105 cfu per gram of fresh forage, respectively. The results showed that applying DPI had no effect on the nutritive value in all trials. DPI inoculation also slowed yeast and mold growth in silage under aerobic exposure. Inoculation may double the aerobic stability time after 105 d of ensiling (53.25 vs. 113.20 h) in a bunker silo. This study successfully examined the effectiveness of DPI in minisilos, and the results were consistent when moving from the laboratory to the field. Applying DPI made the fermentation more heterolactic without compromising the silage nutritive value, and increasing acetic acid acted as an antifungal agent to inhibit spoilage microbial growth and improve silage aerobic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Lactobacillus buchneri is a lactic acid bacterium frequently associated with food bioprocessing and fermentation and has been found to be either beneficial or detrimental to industrial food processes depending on the application. The ability to metabolize lactic acid into acetic acid and 1,2-propandiol makes L. buchneri invaluable to the ensiling process, however, this metabolic activity leads to spoilage in other applications, and is especially damaging to the cucumber fermentation industry. This study aims to augment our genomic understanding of L. buchneri in order to make better use of the species in a wide range of applicable industrial settings. Results Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on seven phenotypically diverse strains isolated from spoiled, fermented cucumber and the ATCC type strain for L. buchneri, ATCC 4005. Here, we present our findings from the comparison of eight newly-sequenced and assembled genomes against two publicly available closed reference genomes, L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929. Overall, we see ~ 50% of all coding sequences are conserved across these ten strains. When these coding sequences are clustered by functional description, the strains appear to be enriched in mobile genetic elements, namely transposons. All isolates harbor at least one CRISPR-Cas system, and many contain putative prophage regions, some of which are targeted by the host’s own DNA-encoded spacer sequences. Conclusions Our findings provide new insights into the genomics of L. buchneri through whole genome sequencing and subsequent characterization of genomic features, building a platform for future studies and identifying elements for potential strain manipulation or engineering.

A meta-analysis of 158 peer-reviewed articles was conducted to examine effects of inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri (LB)-based inoculants (LBB) that did or did not include homolactic or obligate heterolactic bacteria on silage fermentation and aerobic stability. A complementary meta-analysis of 12 articles examined LBB inoculation effects on dairy cow performance. Raw mean differences between inoculant and control treatment means weighted by inverse variance were compared with a hierarchical effects model that included robust variance estimation. Meta-regression and subgrouping analysis were used to identify effects of covariates including forage type, application rate (≤104, 105, 106, or ≥ 107 cfu/g as fed), bacteria type (LB vs. LB plus other bacteria), enzyme inclusion, ensiling duration, and silo type (laboratory or farm scale). Inoculation with LBB increased acetate (62%), 1, 2 propanediol (364%) and propionate (30%) concentration and aerobic stability (73.8%) and reduced lactate concentration (7.2%), yeast counts (7-fold) and mold counts (3-fold). Feeding inoculated silage did not affect milk yield, dry matter intake, and feed efficiency in lactating dairy cows. However, forage type, inoculant composition, and dose effects on silage quality measures were evident. Inoculation with LBB increased aerobic stability of all silages except tropical grasses. Adding obligate homolactic or facultative heterolactic bacteria to LB prevented the small increase in DM losses caused by LB alone. The 105 and 106 cfu/g rates were most effective at minimizing DM losses while aerobic stability was only increased with 105, 106, and ≥ 107 cfu/g rates. Inoculation with LBB increased acetate concentration, reduced yeast counts and improved aerobic stability but did not improve dairy cow performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi is the property of Veteriner Kontrol Merkez Arastirma Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: To evaluate the capacity of Lactobacillus hilgardii and Lactobacillus buchneri on modifying the bacterial community and improving fermentation and aerobic stability of high‐moisture corn (HMC). Methods and Results: High‐moisture corn was untreated (CTR), treated with L. hilgardii (LH) or L. buchneri (LB) at 600 000 CFU per gram fresh weight, or with L. hilgardii and L. buchneri at 300 000 CFU per gram fresh weight each (LHLB), and stored for 10, 30 or 92 days. Compared to CTR, inoculated silages had higher Lactobacillaceae relative abundance, lower yeasts numbers and higher aerobic stability. Treatment with LHLB resulted in a higher acetic acid concentration than LH and higher 1,2 propanediol concentration than LB, such differences were numerically greater at 10 and 30 days but statistically greater at 92 days. At 10 days, all inoculated silages were more stable than CTR, but LHLB was even more stable than LB or LH. Conclusions: The combination of L. hilgardii and L. buchneri had a synergistic effect on yeast inhibition, leading to greater improvements in aerobic stability as early as 10 days after ensiling. Significance and Impact of the Study: Lactobacillus hilgardii, especially in combination with L. buchneri, can improve the aerobic stability of HMC after a very short period of ensiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of sorbic acid (SA) as a silage additive and its effects on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of high dry matter (DM) silage. Methods and Results: High DM rice straw was ensiled with distilled water (C), 1 × 106 CFU per gram fresh weight (FW) Lactobacillus plantarum and 1 × 106 CFU per gram FW Lactobacillus buchneri (LP+LB) or SA for 45 days with a subsequent aerobic stability test. After ensiling, LP+LB silage had the highest lactic acid (LA) content and the lowest pH value, whereas SA silage had the highest DM and water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, and the lowest ethanol and ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) contents among all silages (P < 0·001). Compared to C silage, SA significantly (P < 0·01) reduced the counts of yeasts but not lactic acid bacteria (LAB). During 6‐day aerobic exposure, the continuous pH increase and LA decrease were observed in C and LP+LB silages, and there was no significant change in pH, DM, NH3‐N and WSC contents of SA silage over the whole aerobic exposure. The SA addition slowed the decline of LA and acetic acid (AA) contents as well as the growth of yeasts and aerobic bacteria under aerobic exposure. Conclusion: In this study, L. buchneri could not function in high DM rice straw silage while SA effectively improved both the fermentation quality and aerobic stability. Significance and Impact of the Study: The SA was more effective than dual‐purpose inoculants to improve the aerobic stability of high DM rice straw silage. Thus, SA can be served as a potential antifungal additive for silage with high DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We determined if a microbial inoculant could improve the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage subjected to various challenges during storage that included an air stress challenge and low packing density. In Experiment 1, whole-plant corn was untreated (CTR) or treated (INO, Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 and Pediococcus pentosaceus 12455. Five individually replicated 7.5-L silos, at a density of 240 kg of dry matter (DM)/m3, for each treatment were kept sealed (NAS) for 19 wk, air stressed early (ES, 3 h/wk for wk 1–9), or air stressed late during storage (LS, 3 h/wk for wk 10–19). Inoculation increased the number of agar-culturable lactic acid bacteria regardless of air stress status, but it did not affect the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Early, but not late air stress, resulted in silages with a higher relative abundance of Acetobacter when compared with NAS. Silages treated with INO had greater concentrations of acetic acid than CTR. Numbers of yeasts were lowest for INO regardless of air stress and CTR-LS had the most yeasts among all treatments. Silages that were not air stressed had a higher relative abundance of Candida tropicalis than air stressed silages. Monascus purpureus was detected in ES and LS but not in NAS, and its relative abundance was numerically higher in CTR-ES than in INO-ES and statistically higher in CTR-LS compared with INO-LS. Early air stress numerically reduced aerobic stability compared with NAS, and there was a statistical tendency for lower stability in LS compared with NAS. Inoculation improved aerobic stability regardless of when the air stress occurred. In Experiment 2, corn silage was prepared with the same primary treatments of CTR and INO but was packed at a low (LD; 180 kg of DM/m3) or a normal (ND; 240 kg of DM/m3) density and sealed (NAS) or air stressed (AS; 24 h on d 28, 42, and 89) for 92 d of storage. The concentration of acetic acid was greater in INO compared with CTR and in AS compared with NAS. Numbers of yeasts were lower in NAS compared with AS regardless of inoculation and they were lower in INO-AS compared with CTR-AS. Treatment with INO improved aerobic stability but the improvement was better in NAS versus AS and better in ND versus LD. Overall, our experiments corroborate past findings showing that INO markedly improves the aerobic stability of corn silage but they are the first to show that improvement can be sustained even when the silage was exposed to regular air stresses and when packed at a low density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of two bacterial inoculants, 11CFT and 11C33, with different genera of lactic acid bacteria on the chemical and fermentation composition of the silage, and the temperature and pH behavior of the silage during the feed out period. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three treatments: corn silage without inoculant (control); corn silage with 11CFT inoculant (consisting of strains of Lactobacillus buchneri and L. casei); and corn silage with 11C33 inoculant (consisting of strains of L. buchneri, L. plantarum and Enterococcus faecium). The use of both inoculants increased the concentration of lactic acid in the silage (22.42 g kg-1 for control against 36.00 and 33.33 g kg-1 for 11CFT and 11C33, respectively) and reduced aerobic dry matter losses. The silage treated with 11C33 obtained a higher concentration of acetic acid (17.44 g kg-1) and propionic acid (2.08 g kg-1). The 11CFT inoculant provided a lower concentration of ethanol, however, without differing from the silage with 11C33 (0.70 and 1.61 g kg-1, respectively). Even without variations in temperature and pH at silage unloading, the use of the 11C33 inoculant generated a higher concentration of acetic and propionic acid, providing better aerobic stability days after unloading. Both inoculants also improved the in situ ruminal digestibility of corn silage compared to control silage. They provide an increase in the content of lactic and propionic acids, which assist to reduce dry matter losses and ethanol production. There were no variations in temperature and pH at the silo unloading, however, the use of the 11C33 inoculant generated a higher concentration of acetic and propionic acids providing better aerobic stability after exposure to air.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 29026 when used as a technological additive to improve ensiling of forage. The additive is intended for use with all forages and for all animal species at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 108 colony‐forming units (CFU)/kg forage if used alone, or 5 × 107 CFU/kg forage if used in combination with other authorised microorganisms. The bacterial species L. buchneri is considered by the EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment. As the identity of the strain has been clearly established and no acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants of concern were detected, the use of the strain as a silage additive is considered safe for livestock species, for consumers of products from animals fed the treated silage and for the environment. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the potential of the additive to be a skin/eye irritant or skin sensitiser. Given the proteinaceous nature of the active agent, the additive should be considered a respiratory sensitiser. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 29026 at a minimum concentration of 5 × 107 CFU/kg may improve the production of silage from easy and moderately difficult to ensile forage material.

Myriophyllum aquaticum (M. aquaticum) is a commonly used aquatic macrophyte for water purification and could be utilized as animal food. However, the high water content of M. aquaticum makes it difficult for long-term preservation, which leads to challenges as an ideal animal feed ingredient. The storage of Silage for long periods may be a proper method to solve the problem. In the present paper, we assess the effects of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), or their combination on fermentation and microbial communities during the ensiling of M. aquaticum silage. The results show that the LP-treated silage displays a higher lactic acid concentration than that in the control silage. Both LB and LP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, but decreased the abundance of Serratia and Prevotella_9 in M. aquaticum silage after 60 days of ensiling. Both LB and LP increased the diversity and richness of fungi. Therefore, the inoculation of LP improved silage fermentation during ensiling. These results show that the inoculation of lactic acid bacteria improves the fermentation quality of M. aquaticum silage, which makes it possible for the application of M. aquaticum to animal forage in the future.

The environment temperature and its effect on the temperature of silage is very important for the fermentation and subsequent quality of a silage. Obligate heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inocula, because of their ability to inhibit yeasts, have been developed to prevent the aerobic deterioration of silages. The temperature during silage conservation may also play an important role in the fermentation profile of silages. This study has evaluated the effect of temperature, during the conservation of whole crop corn silage, untreated or treated with different LAB inocula, on the fermentation profile and on the aerobic stability of the silage. Corn was harvested at 42% dry matter and either not treated (control) or treated with Lactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 (LB) at 300,000 cfu/g fresh matter (FM); Lactobacillus hilgardii CNCM I-4785 at 150,000 cfu/g FM (LH 150); L. hilgardii CNCM I-4785 at 300,000 cfu/g FM (LH 300); or LB+LH at 150,000 cfu/g FM each. In an attempt to experimentally simulate temperature fluctuations in the mass or at the periphery of a silage bunker, corn was conserved in laboratory silos at a constant temperature (20 ± 1°C; MASS) or at lower and variable outdoor temperatures (PERIPH; ranging from 0.5 to 19°C), and the silos were opened after 15, 30, and 100 d of conservation. Lactic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol contents increased in all the silages over the conservation period. The lactic acid content was higher (+10%) in the silages kept at a constant temperature than those conserved at the lower and variable outdoor temperatures. The acetic acid was higher in the treated silages than in the control ones conserved at a constant temperature for 100 d. Moreover, 1,2-propanediol was only detected in the treated silages after at least 30 d at a constant temperature, whereas only traces were detected in the LB+LH treatment for the other temperature conditions. The yeast count decreased during conservation at a slower rate in PERIPH than in MASS and on average reached 2.96 and 4.71 log cfu/g for MASS and PERIPH, respectively, after 100 d of conservation. The highest aerobic stability values were observed for LH 300 (191 h) in the MASS silage after 100 d of conservation, whereas the highest aerobic stability was observed in LB+LH (150 h) in the PERIPH silages. After 7 d of air exposure, a pH higher than 4.5 and a higher yeast than 8.0 log cfu/g were detected in all the silages opened after 15 and 30 d of conservation. A pH value close to that of silo opening was detected in the LB, LH 150 , and LH 300 silages conserved under MASS conditions after 100 d, whereas LB+LH was the most effective under PERIPH conditions. The temperature and its fluctuation during conservation of silage in laboratory silos influenced the fermentation, which in turn had an effect on the quality of silage and on the extent of the effect of LAB inocula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously identified specific proteins associated with ethanol stress response in a Lactobacillus buchneri strain capable of growing in 10% ethanol. In the current study, the exceptional roles of ethanol responsive genes are examined to determine if they can increase ethanol tolerance in E. coli host cells. The recombinant strains carrying ethanol responsive genes were subjected to growth analyses in media with and without 4% ethanol. Among the expression of these genes and growth analyses of the recombinant strains in ethanol, six genes Lbuc_0522 (NADPH-dependent methylglyoxal reductase), Lbuc_0354 (succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase), Lbuc_1211(threonyl_tRNA synthetase), Lbuc_2051 (nitroreductase), Lbuc_0707 (branched chain amino acid aminotransferase) and Lbuc_1852 (proline-specific peptidase) conferred host cells tolerance to 4% ethanol. Six genes Lbuc_1523 (phage major capsid protein, HK 97 family), Lbuc_1319 (phosphoglycerate kinase), Lbuc_0787 encoding fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, Lbuc_1219 encoding UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase, Lbuc_0466 encoding ornithine carbamoyltransferase and Lbuc_0858 encoding glycine hydroxymethyltransferase showed no impact on growth in media with 4% ethanol with IPTG induction when compared with E. coli carrying control pET28b plasmid. The expression of two genes Lbuc_1557 (S-layer glycoprotein) and Lbuc_2157 (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) resulted ethanol sensitivity phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentative characteristics and chemical composition of cochineal nopal cactus silage additives with urea or Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), as well as the association of both additives in four storage times (7, 15, 60 and 120 days) and during aerobic stability, with evaluations at 0, 48 and 96 h. Four silages were used: no additive, addition of 2% urea, addition of LB and addition of 2% urea and LB. The study was divided into two experiments: the first experiment evaluated the silages at different storage times, and the second experiment evaluated the silages during the aerobic stability test. In both experiments, the experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (4 × 4 and 4 × 3) with three replicates per treatment. After the ensiling process, lactic acid bacteria predominated in all treatments. The concentration of lactic acid increased significantly from 60 days of ensiling. The concentration of acetic acid varied significantly between the storage times only for the silages treated with urea and LB alone. The silage treated with urea maintained a constant pH value up to 120 days of storage. During the 96 h aerobic stability test, no breaking in the stability of silages was observed. The exclusive or associated use of urea and LB promotes improvement in the fermentative characteristics of cochineal nopal cactus silage, without major alterations in the chemical composition or interfering with the aerobic stability of the silages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study evaluated the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri (LAB) and orange pulp (OP) supplementation on chemical composition, in vitro and in situ degradability, dry matter (DM), pH and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. Treatments were 1) alfalfa without any additive (control), 2) alfalfa + OP (70% alfalfa mixed with 30% fresh OP, LAB0), 3) treatment 2 with 1.5 g LAB/ton (LAB1), 4) treatment 2 with 3 g LAB/ton (LAB2) and 5) treatment 2 with 4.5 g LAB/ton (LAB3). Treatments were replicated three times in laboratory mini silos for 90 d in a closed barn with a ambient temperature (15 to 18 oC). As a result of this study, the experimental treatments did not affect on DM of silage at the end of the ensiling period. Control treatment had the highest pH (4.5) among the experimental treatments ( P<0.05). Supplementation alfalfa with OP resulted in significant increase in water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) ( P<0.05). Treating alfalfa silage with OP and LAB improved aerobic stabilities of treatments significantly, as compared to LAB0. Supplementation of silage with OP and bacterial inoculant increased DM digestibility. These findings indicated that LAB can improve the aerobic stability and quality of silage in laboratory silos and also, OP and LAB might improve silage quality and cause better silage management in the farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 29026 when used as a technological additive to improve ensiling of forage. The additive is intended for use with all forages and for all animal species at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 108 colony‐forming units (CFU)/kg forage if used alone, or 5 × 107CFU/kg forage if used in combination with other authorised microorganisms. The bacterial species L. buchneri is considered by the EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment. As the identity of the strain has been clearly established and no acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants of concern were detected, the use of the strain as a silage additive is considered safe for livestock species, for consumers of products from animals fed the treated silage and for the environment. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the potential of the additive to be a skin/eye irritant or skin sensitiser. Given the proteinaceous nature of the active agent, the additive should be considered a respiratory sensitiser. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 29026 at a minimum concentration of 5 × 107CFU/kg may improve the production of silage from easy and moderately difficult to ensile forage material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is a dry pulpy residue that remains after the extraction of juice from Sorghum saccharatum for ethanol production, and represents unused plant biomass that can be used in livestock feeding. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of heterofermentative bacteria Lactobacillus buchneri, added during ensiling process to Sucrosorgo 506 bagasse, on anaerobic stability, nutritional value, in vitro ruminal and intestinal disappearances and quality of silage in micro-silos. In this experiment, the inoculant was applied at a rate of 5 x 104 CFU/ml (B1). Sucrosorgo 506 bagasse silage without the additive served as control (B0). The basic composition, the content of minerals and the amino acid profile were determined for both fresh and ensiled materials. The aerobic stability, NH3-N content and pH value of the silage were determined to evaluate its quality. A positive effect of the addition of L. buchneri on the nutritional value and quality, especially volatile fatty acid profile was revealed. It was also found that both investigated Sucrosorgo 506 bagasse silages were aerobically stable and exhibited satisfactory quality. The silage prepared with L. buchneri had better effective ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the effects of steam explosion and Lactobacillus buchneri inoculation on fungal community in ensiled total mixed ration (TMR) during aerobic exposure. Methods and Results: The TMRs were prepared using wheat straw with or without steam explosion, sweet potato residue, lucerne hay, maize meal and soybean meal, and ensiled with or without L. buchneri inoculation. Fungal communities were detected by high‐throughput sequencing. All ensiled TMRs were well ensiled and steam explosion has a major effect on improving aerobic stability. The fungal species, such as Xeromyces bisporus and Cryptococcus victoriae, that dominated in the TMR decreased after ensiling, with a concomitant increase in Candida humilis, Pichia kudriavzevii, Aspergillus flavus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Most mould species decreased, with C. humilis and P. kudriavzevii dominating during aerobic exposure. Conclusion: Steam explosion could improve the aerobic stability in ensiled TMR by inhibition of C. humilis. Significance and Impact of the Study: High‐throughput sequencing used in this study provides insight into the fungal community in ensiled TMR during aerobic exposure, which could contribute towards elucidating the mechanism by which aerobic deterioration develops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are usually employed as alfalfa silage inoculants to obtain high-quality feed for animal husbandry. However, the effects of these inoculants are still unclear and need to be studied extensively. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to quantitatively summarize published research studies that assess the effects of homofermentative (HoLAB) and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (HeLAB) on fermentation parameters, nutritive value, microbiological composition and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus have been screened for articles published from 1980 to 2018. The criteria for inclusion were: randomized and controlled trials using alfalfa silage and published in peer-reviewed journals. It was found that inoculation with LAB decreased silage pH, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and ammoniacal nitrogen, while it increased dry matter and crude protein compared to control in the pooled raw mean difference random-effect model. Additionally, LAB inoculation decreased acetate, propionate, ethanol and butyrate concentrations, whereas it increased lactate. In addition, inoculants reduced the counts of yeasts and moulds. Lastly, LAB inoculation improved aerobic stability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that aims at comparing the application of HoLAB and HeLAB for alfalfa silage. In the pool estimate, positive effects attributable to the application of microbial silage inoculants were found in most of the evaluated parameters; supporting the importance of applying both types of inoculants to improve forage preservation for the livestock industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of a dual-purpose inoculant (DPI) on the fermentation profile, nutritive value, and aerobic stability of silage. The inoculant effect was first examined with minisilos, and the results were later validated with 400-kg silo bales and a 40-t bunker silo. Briefly, whole-plant corn harvested at the one-half to two-thirds milk line stage was chopped and then treated with or without inoculant containing Lactobacillus plantarum LP1028 and Lactobacillus buchneri LBC1029 at application rates of 2.5 × 105 cfu and 5.0 × 105 cfu per gram of fresh forage, respectively. The results showed that applying DPI had no effect on the nutritive value in all trials. DPI inoculation also slowed yeast and mold growth in silage under aerobic exposure. Inoculation may double the aerobic stability time after 105 d of ensiling (53.25 vs. 113.20 h) in a bunker silo. This study successfully examined the effectiveness of DPI in minisilos, and the results were consistent when moving from the laboratory to the field. Applying DPI made the fermentation more heterolactic without compromising the silage nutritive value, and increasing acetic acid acted as an antifungal agent to inhibit spoilage microbial growth and improve silage aerobic stability.

This study was conducted to document the effects of supplementation alfalfa silage with molasses, orange pulp and Lactobacillus buchneri on in vitro dry matter digestibility and gas production. The treatments included: 1) alfalfa hay (control); 2) alfalfa hay with bacterial additive 3×108 cfu/g; 3) alfalfa hay with orange pomace; 4) alfalfa hay with orange pomace and bacterial additive 3×108 cfu/g; 5) alfalfa hay with 5% molasses; 6) alfalfa hay with 5% molasses and bacterial additive 3×108 cfu/g. Alfalfa hay harvested at flowering stage and after 24 hours wilted and mixed orange pomace with a ratio of 2100 g and 760 g, respectively, and was ensiled for 90 days. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with three replications. After 24 h incubation, treatments AO (alfalfa + orange pulp) and CON (without additive) had the highest and lowest in vitro gas production (p

Background: New directions of research on lactic acid bacteria include investigation of metabolic pathways for the synthesis and/or metabolism of 1,2-propanediol, commonly used in the food and chemical industry, medicine, pharmacy and cosmetology as well as agriculture. The objective of this study was to compare the capacity of strains representing three diverse heterofermentative species belonging to the genus Lactobacillus to synthesize and/or transform 1,2-PD as well as to suggest new directions of research aimed at commercial use of this metabolite. Results: The novel strain of Lactobacillus buchneri A KKP 2047p, characterized as exhibiting an unusual trait for that species in the form of capacity to metabolize 1,2-PD, grew poorly in a medium containing 1,2-PD as a sole carbon source. The supplementation with glucose facilitated rapid growth of bacteria and use of 1,2-PD for the synthesis of propionic acid. A similar observation was noted for Lactobacillus reuteri. On the other hand, Lactobacillus diolivorans effectively metabolized 1,2-PD which was the sole carbon source in the medium, and the addition of glucose inhibited the synthesis of propionic acid. The experiments also investigated the effect of cobalamin as a diol dehydratase coenzyme involved in the propionic acid synthesis from 1,2-PD whose addition promoted the yield of the reaction in the case of all tested strains. Conclusions: All tested isolates showed the ability to effectively metabolize 1,2-PD (in the presence of cobalamin) and its conversion to propionic acid, which reveals that investigated bacteria meet the essential requirements of microorganisms with a potential application.

The study was conducted to screen high 1,2-propanediol produced by Lactobacillus buchneri strains, isolated from baled silages stored for 1 or 2 years, and to evaluate their effects on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage. In total, 31 L. buchneri strains were isolated from alfalfa, whole-plant corn and oat silages. Based on growth performance and 1,2-propanediol and acetic acid production, two strains, L. buchneri 9-2 and L. buchneri 10-1, from alfalfa silage, were further assessed in an ensiling trial on whole-plant corn. The corn silage inoculated with L. buchneri 9-2 or L. buchneri 10-1 had a higher concentration of 1,2-propanediol (34.7 or 34.6 g/kg dry matter (DM)) and acetic acid (47.2 or 45.9 g/kg DM) in comparison with L. buchneri 40788 (reference strain) treated silage (19.5 and 35.9 g/kg DM) after 90 d of fermentation. In addition, these two strains performed better in improving silage aerobic stability relative to control and L. buchneri 40788. The results above indicated that L. buchneri 9-2 and L. buchneri 10-1 could be candidate strains to increase 1,2-propanediol and acetic acid concentrations and improve the aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage.

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lactobacillus buchneri and Oenococcus oeni are two unique ethanol-tolerant Gram-positive bacteria species. Genome comparison analyses revealed that L. buchneri and O. oeni possess a pntAB locus that was absent in almost all other lactic acid bacteria (LAB) genomes. Our hypothesis is that the pntAB locus contributes to the ethanol tolerance trait of these two distinct ethanol-tolerant organisms. The pntAB locus, consisting of the pntA and pntB genes, codes for NADP(H) transhydrogenase subunits. This membrane-bound transhydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of NADP+ and is known as an important enzyme in maintaining cellular redox balance. In this study, the transhydrogenase operon from L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 and O. oeni PSU-1 were cloned and analyzed. The LbpntB shared 71.0% identity with the O. oeni (OopntB). The entire pntAB locus was expressed in Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis IL1403 resulting in an increased tolerance to ethanol (6%), butanol (1.8%) and isopropanol (1.8%) when compared to the control strain. However, the recombinant E. coli cells carrying the entire pntAB locus did not show any improved ethanol tolerance. Independent expression of OopntB and LbpntB in recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS host demonstrated higher tolerance to ethanol when compared with a control E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS strain carrying pET28b vector. Ethanol tolerance comparison of E. coli strains carrying LbpntB and OopntB showed that LbpntB conferred higher ethanol tolerance (4.5%) and resulted in greater biomass, while the OopntB conferred lower ethanol tolerance (4.0%) resulted lower biomass. Therefore, the pntB gene from L. buchneri is a better choice in generating higher ethanol tolerance. This is the first study to uncover the role of pntAB locus on ethanol tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane silage can be used in animal production systems; however, it is important to apply additives to improve its chemical composition and fermentative quality. We evaluated the effect of chemical (urea and calcium oxide (CaO)) and microbial (Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus plantarum , Pediococcus pentosaceus , and Propionibacterium acidipropionici) additives on chemical composition, fermentation profile, microorganism population, and production of ethanol and other volatile organic compounds in sugarcane silage. Treatments studied were silage without inoculant (SS), SS with LB, SS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus , SS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici , SS with 5 g CaO/kg fresh material (FM) (5CaO), SS with 10 g CaO/kg FM (10CaO), SS with 5 g urea/kg FM (5urea), and SS with 10 g urea/kg FM (10urea). The highest crude protein content (P = 0.001) and the lowest N-linked to fibre content (P = 0.001) occurred when applying urea. None of the treatments reduced the presence of yeast (P = 0.054), but a trend was detected of treatments based on CaO as promising in this Control. The silages treated with CaO had lower ethyl ester and ethanol (average for CaO-based treatments of 0.012 g/kg dry matter and 0.695 g/kg dry matter, respectively), and silages treated with 10urea had less acetone (P = 0.001) and methanol (P = 0.001). The sugarcane silages treated with chemical additive CaO reduced ethanol production and ester formation. There was a high correlation (r = 0.984) between ethyl acetate + ethyl lactate and ethanol contents. Sugarcane silage shows high energy value and is an important feed for beef cattle and dairy cows in tropical regions. Chemical and microbial additives were evaluated with the objective of improving chemical and fermentative characteristics in sugarcane silage. Calcium oxide reduced fibre content and ethanol production in sugarcane silages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus inoculants on fermentation, losses, and aerobic stability of a total mixed ration (TMR) silage. A TMR, formulated to meet the requirements of dairy cows producing 25 kg of milk/d, was applied with the following treatments prior to ensiling: 1) Control (CON), 2) Lactobacillus buchneri (105 cfu/g of fresh forage; LB), and 3) Lactobacillus plantarum (105 cfu/g of fresh forage; LP). TMR silages were ensiled for 15 and 60 d in silos equipped with an apparatus for determination of gravimetric DM, gas, and effluent losses. The experiment was performed in a complete randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of the treatments, with 5 replicates per treatment. Chemical changes, microbial counts, fermentation profile, and aerobic stability were measured after opening the silos. Data were submitted to ANOVA, and means were compared by Tukey and T -test and statistical significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. After 15 d of ensiling, the inclusion of inoculant decreased NDF (P < 0.05) and butyric acid concentrations (P < 0.05) in TMR. LP had the lowest aerobic stability (P < 0.05) and the greatest loss of DM (P < 0.03). Ensiling for 60 d increased ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic stability, and concentrations of lactic and acetic acid (P < 0.01) and lowered (P < 0.02) total fermentation losses compared to 15 d across all treatments. After 60 d of ensiling, LP lowered pH to the greatest extent. Treatment had no effect on concentrations of DM, CP, ADF, ash, and EE, as well as in vitro DM digestibility. In conclusion, inoculants containing LP or LB did not improve fermentation profile, did not prolong the aerobic stability, nor reduced losses. Furthermore, the 15-d ensiling period was insufficient for adequate bacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]