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1. Slowing Down a Coherent Superposition of Circular Rydberg States of Strontium

Author

Lachaud, L., Muraz, B., Couto, A., Raimond, J. -M., Brune, M., and Gleyzes, S.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Rydberg alkaline earth atoms are promising tools for quantum simulation and metrology. When one of the two valence electrons is promoted to long-lived circular states, the second valence electron can be optically manipulated without significant autoionization. We harness this feature to demonstrate laser slowing of a thermal atomic beam of circular strontium atoms. By driving the main ion core 422 nm wavelength resonance, we observe a velocity reduction of 50 m/s without significant autoionization. We also show that a superposition of circular states undergoes very weak decoherence during the cooling process, up to the scattering of more than thousand photons. This robustness opens new perspectives for quantum simulations over long timescales with circular atoms, while simultaneously cooling their motional state. It makes it possible to mitigate the harmful effects of unavoidable heating due to spin-motion coupling during a quantum simulation., Comment: 9 pages

Published
2024

2. Preparation of Long-Lived, Non-Autoionizing Circular Rydberg States of Strontium

Author

Teixeira, R. C., Larrouy, A., Muni, A., Lachaud, L., Raimond, J. -M., Gleyzes, S., and Brune, M.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Alkaline earth Rydberg atoms are very promising tools for quantum technologies. Their highly excited outer electron provides them with the remarkable properties of Rydberg atoms and, notably, with a huge coupling to external fields or to other Rydberg atoms while the ionic core retains an optically active electron. However, low angular-momentum Rydberg states suffer almost immediate autoionization when the core is excited. Here, we demonstrate that strontium circular Rydberg atoms with a core excited in a $4D$ metastable level are impervious to autoionization over more than a few millisecond time scale. This makes it possible to trap and laser-cool Rydberg atoms. Moreover, we observe singlet to triplet transitions due to the core optical manipulations, opening the way to a quantum microwave to optical interface.

Published
2020
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3. P229 Do CFTR modulators interfere with microbiological diagnosis?

Author

Héry-Arnaud, G., primary, Vallet, S., additional, Bougnoux, M.-E., additional, Cardot-Martin, E., additional, Cassaing, S., additional, Chesnay, A., additional, Crémet, L., additional, Doléans-Jordheim, A., additional, Dupont, C., additional, Ferroni, A., additional, Gangneux, J.-P., additional, Garnier, F., additional, Guet-Revillet, H., additional, Guillard, T., additional, Handala, L., additional, Herrmann, J.-L., additional, Jeannot, K., additional, Lachaud, L., additional, Le Gal, S., additional, Lehours, P., additional, Mainardi, J.-L., additional, Millon, L., additional, Piau, C., additional, Persat, F., additional, Villena, I., additional, Yéra, H., additional, Velo-Suarez, L., additional, and Delhaes, L., additional

Published
2024
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6. Antifungal susceptibility testing practices in mycology laboratories in France, 2018

Author

Bellanger, A.-P., Persat, F., Foulet, F., Bonnal, C., Accoceberry, I., Angebault, C., Angoulvant, A., Augereau, O., Bailly, E., Bert, F., Bonhomme, J., Bouchara, J.-P., Bougnoux, M.-E., Bourdeau, P., Bouteille, B., Brun, S., Brunet, K., Camin-Ravenne, A.-M., Cassaing, S., Chouaki, T., Cornet, M., Costa, D., Desbois, N., Dorin, J., Fekkar, A., Fiacre, A., Fréalle, E., Gangneux, J.-P., Guillot, J., Guitard, J., Hasseine, L., Huguenin, A., Lachaud, L., Larréché, S., Lavergne, R.-A., Le Gal, S., Le Govic, Y., Letscher-Bru, V., Machouart, M., Mazars, E., Nourrisson, C., Paugam, A., Ranque, S., Risco-Castillo, V., Sasso, M., Sautour, M., Sendid, B., Senghor, Y., Botterel, F., and Dannaoui, Eric

Published
2020
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12. Multicentric Analysis of the Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates from Aspergillus Section Circumdati

Author

Imbert, S., primary, Normand, A. C., additional, Costa, D., additional, Gabriel, F., additional, Lachaud, L., additional, Schuttler, C., additional, Cassaing, S., additional, Mahinc, C., additional, Hasseine, L., additional, Demar, M., additional, Brun, S., additional, Bonnal, C., additional, Moreno-Sabater, A., additional, Becker, P., additional, Piarroux, R., additional, and Fekkar, A., additional

Published
2023
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29. Multicentric Analysis of the Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Cryptic Isolates from Aspergillus Section Fumigati

Author

Imbert, S., primary, Normand, A. C., additional, Cassaing, S., additional, Gabriel, F., additional, Kristensen, L., additional, Bonnal, C., additional, Lachaud, L., additional, Costa, D., additional, Guitard, J., additional, Hasseine, L., additional, Palous, M., additional, Piarroux, M., additional, Hendrickx, M., additional, Piarroux, R., additional, and Fekkar, A., additional

Published
2020
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30. Species Distribution and Comparison between EUCAST and Gradient Concentration Strips Methods for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of 112 Aspergillus Section Nigri Isolates

Author

Carrara, B., primary, Richards, R., additional, Imbert, S., additional, Morio, F., additional, Sasso, M., additional, Zahr, N., additional, Normand, A. C., additional, Le Pape, P., additional, Lachaud, L., additional, Ranque, S., additional, Maubon, D., additional, Piarroux, R., additional, and Fekkar, A., additional

Published
2020
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33. Preliminary evaluation of a new immunochromatographic test for anti-Aspergillus antibodies detection

Author

Piarroux, R. P., Romain, T., Martin, A., Lachaud, L., Gabriel, F., Vitte, J., Ranque, S., RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

36. Travelers With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cured Without Systemic Therapy

Author

Morizot, G., Kendjo, E., Mouri, O., Thellier, M., Pérignon, A., Foulet, F., Cordoliani, F., Bourrat, E., Laffitte, E., Alcaraz, I., Bodak, N., Ravel, C., Vray, M., Grogl, M., Mazier, D., Caumes, E., Lachaud, L., Buffet, P. A., El Samad, Y., Salle, V., Gounod, N., Dallot, A., Belot, G., Pelletier-Cunat, S., Belon, M., Verdon, R., Rogeaux, O., Grossetête, G., Lesens, O., Clabaut, A., Maus, E., Jouy, L., Gener, G., Perrin, P., Roch, N., Herve, A., Le Duc, D., Cuchet, E., Maubon, D., Hillion, B., Menot, E., Guillemot, F., Beneton-Benhard, N., Celerier, P., Dupuis De Fonclare, A. L., Carre, D., Bourgeois, A., Marty, P., Pomares, C., Meunier, L., Abergel, H., Timsit, F., Amoric, J. C., Busquet, P., Karam, S., Moisson, Y. F., Mouly, F., Ortoli, J. C., Consigny, P. H., Jouan, M., Caby, F., Datry, A., Hochedez, P., Rozembaum, F., Dumortier, C., Ancelle, T., Dupin, N., Paugam, A., Ranque, B., Bougnoux, M. E., Canestri, A., Galezowsky, M. F., Hadj Rabia, S., Hamel, D., Schneider, P., Wolter-Desfosses, M., Janier, M., Baccard, M., Bezier, M., Broissin, M., Colin De Verdiere, N., Durupt, F., Hope Rapp, E., Juillard, C., Levy, A., Moraillon, I., Petit, A., Regner, S., Barthelme, D., Tamarin, J. M., Begon, E., Strady, C., Gangneux, J. P., Carpentier, O., Mechai, F., Kieffer, C., Dellestable, P., and Rebauder, S.

Abstract

Guidelines recommend wound care and/or local therapy as first-line treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. An analysis of a referral treatment program in 135 travelers showed that this approach was feasible in 62% of patients, with positive outcome in 83% of evaluable patients

Published
2017

40. Contrôles internes et externes de qualité pour les techniques Elisa de sérodiagnostic aspergillaire : propositions du groupe « sérodiagnostic fongique » de la Société française de mycologie médicale [Internal and external quality controls for Elisa techniques of aspergillosis serodiagnosis: proposals of the group 'sérodiagnostic fongique' of the Société française de mycologie médicale]

Author

Persat, Florence, Lachaud, L., Rabérin, H., Poggi, B., Roques, C., Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Pro.Bio.Qual., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]

Subjects
Aspergillus, Proficiency, Elisa, Antigens, Quality controls, Antibodies, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology
Abstract

International audience; In the end of May 2012, a meeting of the group "sérodiagnostic fongique" of the "Société française de mycologie médicale" had concerned quality controls to use, in particular, in the follow-up of Elisa techniques. A preliminary investigation showed that the internal quality controls (CIQ), according to the terms defined by the accreditation, were not systematically used. In June, was published the new guide of the COFRAC SH-GTA-06 on quality controls, this text being applicable on July 1st, 2012. It incited the working group to formulate proposals on the choice of the CIQ for antigen and antibody Elisa in the aspergillosis serodiagnosis. Informations on the external evaluations of the quality (EEQ) have also been given to better define for what we can expect from it. All these controls will allow every laboratory to better master the used techniques and their conditions of realization. A strengthened dialogue between the users and the manufacturers should incite these last actors to improve the supplied kits. It will drive later to an improvement of the reliability of the results obtained by these techniques and their interest in the aspergillosis diagnosis.

Published
2013

41. Longitudinal study assessing the return of chloroquine susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in isolates from travellers returning from West and Central Africa, 2000-2011

Author

Gharbi, M, Flegg, JA, Hubert, V, Kendjo, E, Metcalf, JE, Bertaux, L, Guérin, PJ, Le Bras, J, Members of the French National Reference Centre for Imported Malaria Study, Aboubaca, A, Agnamey, P, Angoulvant, A, Barbut, P, Basset, D, Belkadi, G, Bellanger, AP, Bemba, D, Benoit-Vica, F, Berry, A, Bigel, ML, Bonhomme, J, Botterel, F, Bouchaud, O, Bougnoux, ME, Bourée, P, Bourgeois, N, Branger, C, Bret, L, Buret, B, Casalino, E, Chevrier, S, Conquere de Monbrison, F, Cuisenier, B, Danis, M, Darde, ML, De Gentile, L, Delarbre, JM, Delaunay, P, Delaval, A, Desoubeaux, G, Develoux, M, Dunand, J, Durand, R, Eloy, O, Fauchet, N, Faugere, B, Faye, A, Fenneteau, O, Flori, P, Fontrouge, M, Garabedian, C, Gayandrieu, F, Godineau, N, Houzé, P, Houzé, S, Hurst, JP, Ichou, H, Lachaud, L, Lebuisson, A, Lefevre, M, LeGuern, AS, Le Moal, G, Lusina, D, Machouart, MC, Malvy, D, Matheron, S, Maubon, D, Mechali, D, Megarbane, B, Menard, G, Millon, L, Aiach, MM, Minodier, P, Morelle, C, Nevez, G, Parola, P, Parzy, D, Patey, O, Patoz, P, Penn, P, Perignon, A, Picot, S, Pilo, JE, Poilane, I, Pons, D, Poupart, M, Pradines, B, Raffenot, D, Rapp, C, Receveur, MC, Sarfati, C, Senghor, Y, Simon, F, Siriez, JY, Taudon, N, Thellier, M, Thouvenin, M, Toubas, D, Faculté de Pharmacie, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, WWARN, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] ( EHESP ), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales ( MERIT - UMR_D 216 ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford [Oxford], Service de Parasitologie Mycologie [Bichat- Claude Bernard], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ( CNR ), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques ( IP-TPT ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ) -Service de Santé des Armées-Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation ( ESIM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), This study was supported in part by a grant for doctoral studies to M Gharbi from the Doctoral Network of the École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Rennes, France and a grant for CNRpaludisme from Institut national de Veille Sanitaire, St Maurice, France., Members of the French National Reference Centre for Imported Malaria Study, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), University of Oxford, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), BMC, Ed., Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Male, Veterinary medicine, Resistance, Drug Resistance, Drug resistance, 0302 clinical medicine, Parasitic Sensitivity Tests, 1108 Medical Microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Chloroquine, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Malaria, Falciparum, Child, Aged, 80 and over, Travel, Central Africa, Mefloquine, pfcrt76, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Africa, Western, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, In vitro, medicine.drug, Adult, Travellers, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Adolescent, Genotype, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium falciparum, Biology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Antimalarials, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Tropical Medicine, parasitic diseases, West Africa, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Africa, Central, Aged, Molecular epidemiology, Research, Members of the French National Reference Centre for Imported Malaria Study, Infant, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Malaria, Parasitology, Tropical medicine
Abstract

Background Chloroquine (CQ) was the main malaria therapy worldwide from the 1940s until the 1990s. Following the emergence of CQ-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, most African countries discontinued the use of CQ, and now promote artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment. This change was generally initiated during the last decade in West and Central Africa. The aim of this study is to describe the changes in CQ susceptibility in this African region, using travellers returning from this region as a sentinel system. Methods The study was conducted by the Malaria National Reference Centre, France. The database collated the pfcrtK76T molecular marker for CQ susceptibility and the in vitro response to CQ of parasites from travellers’ isolates returning from Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast or Cameroon. As a proxy of drug pressure, data regarding CQ intake in febrile children were collated for the study period. Logistic regression models were used to detect trends in the proportions of CQ resistant isolates. Results A total of 2874 parasite isolates were genotyped between 2000–2011. The prevalence of the pfcrt76T mutant genotype significantly decreased for Senegal (from 78% to 47%), Ivory Coast (from 63% to 37%), Cameroon (from 90% to 59%) and remained stable for Mali. The geometric mean of the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CQ in vitro susceptibility and the proportion of resistant isolates (defining resistance as an IC50 value > 100 nM) significantly decreased for Senegal (from 86 nM (59%) to 39 nM (25%)), Mali (from 84 nM (50%) to 51 nM (31%)), Ivory Coast (from 75 nM (59%) to 29 nM (16%)) and Cameroon (from 181 nM (75%) to 51 nM (37%)). Both analyses (molecular and in vitro susceptibility) were performed for the 2004–2011 period, after the four countries had officially discontinued CQ and showed an accelerated decline of the resistant isolates for the four countries. Meanwhile, CQ use among children significantly deceased in this region (fixed effects slope = −0.3, p -3). Conclusions An increase in CQ susceptibility following official withdrawal of the drug was observed in travellers returning from West and Central African countries. The same trends were observed for molecular and in vitro analysis between 2004-2011and they correlated to the decrease of the drug pressure.

Published
2013

42. Surveillance of leishmaniases in France, 1999 to 2012

Author

Lachaud L, Jp, Dedet, Marty P, Faraut F, Buffet P, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Ravel C, Bastien P, Working Group for the Notification of Human Leishmanioses in France, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]

Subjects
Adult, Male, Veterinary medicine, Adolescent, Epidemiology, 030231 tropical medicine, North africa, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, 0302 clinical medicine, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Risk Factors, Virology, parasitic diseases, Prevalence, medicine, Canine leishmaniasis, Humans, Sex Distribution, Child, Leishmaniasis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Endemic area, Mandatory Reporting, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Visceral leishmaniasis, Geography, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Female, France, Leishmania infantum
Abstract

Leishmaniasis is endemic in the south of France, where autochthonous disease is caused by Leishmania infantum, and affects both humans and dogs. The prevalence of canine leishmaniasis is between 3 and 66% depending on the region and the methods used. Human leishmaniases are also imported into France, mainly from French Guiana and North Africa. The surveillance of autochthonous and imported human leishmaniases is based on passive notification to the National Reference Centre for Leishmaniases (NRCL) created in 1998. Between 1999 and 2012, 317 autochthonous and 1,154 imported cases were notified to the NRCL. The average number of autochthonous cases notified per year was 22.6, mainly cases of visceral leishmaniasis (84.5%). All cases were infected in the south of France. Leishmaniasis incidence is 0.22 per 100,000 inhabitants in the endemic area. Imported cases were more frequent (annual mean of 82.4 cases) and consisted predominantly in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases (91%), essentially L. major CL imported from Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa, and L. guyanensis CL from French Guiana. This national notification system allowed a better understanding of the incidence and distribution of the disease; it is also useful to assess the temporal-spatial evolution of the disease in France, which appears relatively stable.

Published
2013

43. L’étude multicentrique prospective RADAR : résultats préliminaires de l’évaluation de la résistance aux azolés des isolats d’ Aspergillus fumigatus de 12 centres hospitaliers français

Author

Murat, J.B., primary, Choukri, F., additional, Costa, J.M., additional, Accoceberry, I., additional, Angebault, C., additional, Bougnoux, M.E., additional, Bourgeois, N., additional, Cornet, M., additional, Delhaes, L., additional, Fauchet, N., additional, Faure-Cognet, O., additional, Fekkar, A., additional, Guitard, J., additional, Hennequin, C., additional, Lachaud, L., additional, Paugam, A., additional, Kim, R., additional, Sitterle, E., additional, Guillot, J., additional, Botterel, F., additional, and Dannaoui, E., additional

Published
2015
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46. Evidence of a drug-specific impact of experimentally selected paromomycin and miltefosine resistance on parasite fitness in Leishmania infantum.

Author

Hendrickx, S., Beyers, J., Mondelaers, A., Eberhardt, E., Lachaud, L., Delputte, P., Cos, P., and Maes, L.

Subjects
LEISHMANIA infantum, VISCERAL leishmaniasis, DRUG resistance, AMASTIGOTES, PARASITES, THERAPEUTICS, ANIMAL experimentation, BIOLOGICAL models, CHOLINE, GENETICS, LEISHMANIA, LEISHMANIASIS, MICE, NEOMYCIN, MICROBIAL virulence, ANTIPROTOZOAL agents, PHARMACODYNAMICS, PHYSIOLOGY
Abstract

Objectives: Although miltefosine and paromomycin were only recently introduced to treat visceral leishmaniasis, increasing numbers of miltefosine treatment failures and occasional primary resistance to both drugs have been reported. Understanding alterations in parasite behaviour linked to drug resistance is essential to assess the propensity for emergence and spread of resistant strains, particularly since a positive effect on fitness has been reported for antimony-resistant parasites. This laboratory study compared the fitness of a drug-susceptible parent WT clinical Leishmania infantum isolate (MHOM/FR/96/LEM3323) and derived miltefosine and paromomycin drug-resistant lines that were experimentally selected at the intracellular amastigote level.Methods: Parasite fitness of WT, paromomycin-resistant and miltefosine-resistant strains, in vitro and in vivo parasite growth, metacyclogenesis, infectivity and macrophage stress responses were comparatively evaluated.Results: No significant differences in promastigote fitness were noted between the WT and paromomycin-resistant strain, while clear benefits could be demonstrated for paromomycin-resistant amastigotes in terms of enhanced in vitro and in vivo growth potential and intracellular stress response. The miltefosine-resistant phenotype showed incomplete promastigote metacyclogenesis, decreased intracellular growth and weakened stress response, revealing a reduced fitness compared with WT parent parasites.Conclusions: The rapid selection and fitness advantages of paromomycin-resistant amastigotes endorse the current use of paromomycin in combination therapy. Although a reduced fitness of miltefosine-resistant strains may explain the difficulty of miltefosine resistance selection in vitro, the growing number of miltefosine treatment failures in the field still requires further exploratory research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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50. L’étude multicentrique prospective RADAR : résultats préliminaires de l’évaluation de la résistance aux azolés des isolats d’Aspergillus fumigatus de 12 centres hospitaliers français

Author

Murat, J.B., Choukri, F., Costa, J.M., Accoceberry, I., Angebault, C., Bougnoux, M.E., Bourgeois, N., Cornet, M., Delhaes, L., Fauchet, N., Faure-Cognet, O., Fekkar, A., Guitard, J., Hennequin, C., Lachaud, L., Paugam, A., Kim, R., Sitterle, E., Guillot, J., Botterel, F., and Dannaoui, E.

Published
2015
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