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1. Inter-species gene flow drives ongoing evolution of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis

Author

Xie, O, Morris, JM, Hayes, AJ, Towers, RJ, Jespersen, MG, Lees, JA, Ben Zakour, NL, Berking, O, Baines, SL, Carter, GP, Tonkin-Hill, G, Schrieber, L, Mcintyre, L, Lacey, JA, James, TB, Sriprakash, KS, Beatson, SA, Hasegawa, T, Giffard, P, Steer, AC, Batzloff, MR, Beall, BW, Pinho, MD, Ramirez, M, Bessen, DE, Dougan, G, Bentley, SD, Walker, MJ, Currie, BJ, Tong, SYC, McMillan, DJ, Davies, MR, Xie, O, Morris, JM, Hayes, AJ, Towers, RJ, Jespersen, MG, Lees, JA, Ben Zakour, NL, Berking, O, Baines, SL, Carter, GP, Tonkin-Hill, G, Schrieber, L, Mcintyre, L, Lacey, JA, James, TB, Sriprakash, KS, Beatson, SA, Hasegawa, T, Giffard, P, Steer, AC, Batzloff, MR, Beall, BW, Pinho, MD, Ramirez, M, Bessen, DE, Dougan, G, Bentley, SD, Walker, MJ, Currie, BJ, Tong, SYC, McMillan, DJ, and Davies, MR

Abstract

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) is an emerging cause of human infection with invasive disease incidence and clinical manifestations comparable to the closely related species, Streptococcus pyogenes. Through systematic genomic analyses of 501 disseminated SDSE strains, we demonstrate extensive overlap between the genomes of SDSE and S. pyogenes. More than 75% of core genes are shared between the two species with one third demonstrating evidence of cross-species recombination. Twenty-five percent of mobile genetic element (MGE) clusters and 16 of 55 SDSE MGE insertion regions were shared across species. Assessing potential cross-protection from leading S. pyogenes vaccine candidates on SDSE, 12/34 preclinical vaccine antigen genes were shown to be present in >99% of isolates of both species. Relevant to possible vaccine evasion, six vaccine candidate genes demonstrated evidence of inter-species recombination. These findings demonstrate previously unappreciated levels of genomic overlap between these closely related pathogens with implications for streptococcal pathobiology, disease surveillance and prevention.

Published
2024

2. Detection of Streptococcus pyogenes M1UK in Australia and characterization of the mutation driving enhanced expression of superantigen SpeA.

Author

Davies, MR, Keller, N, Brouwer, S, Jespersen, MG, Cork, AJ, Hayes, AJ, Pitt, ME, De Oliveira, DMP, Harbison-Price, N, Bertolla, OM, Mediati, DG, Curren, BF, Taiaroa, G, Lacey, JA, Smith, HV, Fang, N-X, Coin, LJM, Stevens, K, Tong, SYC, Sanderson-Smith, M, Tree, JJ, Irwin, AD, Grimwood, K, Howden, BP, Jennison, AV, Walker, MJ, Davies, MR, Keller, N, Brouwer, S, Jespersen, MG, Cork, AJ, Hayes, AJ, Pitt, ME, De Oliveira, DMP, Harbison-Price, N, Bertolla, OM, Mediati, DG, Curren, BF, Taiaroa, G, Lacey, JA, Smith, HV, Fang, N-X, Coin, LJM, Stevens, K, Tong, SYC, Sanderson-Smith, M, Tree, JJ, Irwin, AD, Grimwood, K, Howden, BP, Jennison, AV, and Walker, MJ

Abstract

A new variant of Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M1 (designated 'M1UK') has been reported in the United Kingdom, linked with seasonal scarlet fever surges, marked increase in invasive infections, and exhibiting enhanced expression of the superantigen SpeA. The progenitor S. pyogenes 'M1global' and M1UK clones can be differentiated by 27 SNPs and 4 indels, yet the mechanism for speA upregulation is unknown. Here we investigate the previously unappreciated expansion of M1UK in Australia, now isolated from the majority of serious infections caused by serotype M1 S. pyogenes. M1UK sub-lineages circulating in Australia also contain a novel toxin repertoire associated with epidemic scarlet fever causing S. pyogenes in Asia. A single SNP in the 5' transcriptional leader sequence of the transfer-messenger RNA gene ssrA drives enhanced SpeA superantigen expression as a result of ssrA terminator read-through in the M1UK lineage. This represents a previously unappreciated mechanism of toxin expression and urges enhanced international surveillance.

Published
2023

3. Evaluating the role of asymptomatic throat carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes in impetigo transmission in remote Aboriginal communities in Northern Territory, Australia: a retrospective genomic analysis

Author

Lacey, JA, Marcato, AJ, Chisholm, RH, Campbell, P, Zachreson, C, Price, DJ, James, TB, Morris, JM, Gorrie, CL, McDonald, M, Bowen, AC, Giffard, PM, Holt, DC, Currie, BJ, Carapetis, JR, Andrews, RM, Davies, MR, Geard, N, McVernon, J, Tong, SYC, Lacey, JA, Marcato, AJ, Chisholm, RH, Campbell, P, Zachreson, C, Price, DJ, James, TB, Morris, JM, Gorrie, CL, McDonald, M, Bowen, AC, Giffard, PM, Holt, DC, Currie, BJ, Carapetis, JR, Andrews, RM, Davies, MR, Geard, N, McVernon, J, and Tong, SYC

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pyogenes, or group A Streptococcus (GAS), infections contribute to a high burden of disease in Aboriginal Australians, causing skin infections and immune sequelae such as rheumatic heart disease. Controlling skin infections in these populations has proven difficult, with transmission dynamics being poorly understood. We aimed to identify the relative contributions of impetigo and asymptomatic throat carriage to GAS transmission. METHODS: In this genomic analysis, we retrospectively applied whole genome sequencing to GAS isolates that were collected as part of an impetigo surveillance longitudinal household survey conducted in three remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory of Australia between Aug 6, 2003, and June 22, 2005. We included GAS isolates from all throats and impetigo lesions of people living in two of the previously studied communities. We classified isolates into genomic lineages based on pairwise shared core genomes of more than 99% with five or fewer single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used a household network analysis of epidemiologically and genomically linked lineages to quantify the transmission of GAS within and between households. FINDINGS: We included 320 GAS isolates in our analysis: 203 (63%) from asymptomatic throat swabs and 117 (37%) from impetigo lesions. Among 64 genomic lineages (encompassing 39 emm types) we identified 264 transmission links (involving 93% of isolates), for which the probable source was asymptomatic throat carriage in 166 (63%) and impetigo lesions in 98 (37%). Links originating from impetigo cases were more frequent between households than within households. Households were infected with GAS for a mean of 57 days (SD 39 days), and once cleared, reinfected 62 days (SD 40 days) later. Increased household size and community presence of GAS and scabies were associated with slower clearance of GAS. INTERPRETATION: In communities with high prevalence of endemic GAS-associated skin inf

Published
2023

4. Genomic epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi in Central Division, Fiji, 2012 to 2016

Author

Davies, MR, Duchene, S, Valcanis, M, Jenkins, AP, Jenney, A, Rosa, V, Hayes, AJ, Strobel, AG, McIntyre, L, Lacey, JA, Klemm, EJ, Wong, VK, Sahukhan, A, Thomson, H, Page, A, Hocking, D, Wang, N, Tudravu, L, Rafai, E, Dougan, G, Howden, BP, Crump, JA, Mulholland, K, Strugnell, RA, Davies, MR, Duchene, S, Valcanis, M, Jenkins, AP, Jenney, A, Rosa, V, Hayes, AJ, Strobel, AG, McIntyre, L, Lacey, JA, Klemm, EJ, Wong, VK, Sahukhan, A, Thomson, H, Page, A, Hocking, D, Wang, N, Tudravu, L, Rafai, E, Dougan, G, Howden, BP, Crump, JA, Mulholland, K, and Strugnell, RA

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever is endemic in some Pacific Island Countries including Fiji and Samoa yet genomic surveillance is not routine in such settings. Previous studies suggested imports of the global H58 clade of Salmonella enterica var Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) contribute to disease in these countries which, given the MDR potential of H58, does not auger well for treatment. The objective of the study was to define the genomic epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi in Fiji. METHODS: Genomic sequencing approaches were implemented to study the distribution of 255 Salmonella Typhi isolates from the Central Division of Fiji. We augmented epidemiological surveillance and Bayesian phylogenomic approaches with a multi-year typhoid case-control study to define geospatial patterns among typhoid cases. FINDINGS: Genomic analyses showed Salmonella Typhi from Fiji resolved into 2 non-H58 genotypes with isolates from the two dominant ethnic groups, the Indigenous (iTaukei) and non-iTaukei genetically indistinguishable. Low rates of international importation of clones was observed and overall, there were very low levels an antibiotic resistance within the endemic Fijian typhoid genotypes. Genomic epidemiological investigations were able to identify previously unlinked case clusters. Bayesian phylodynamic analyses suggested that genomic variation within the larger endemic Salmonella Typhi genotype expanded at discreet times, then contracted. INTERPRETATION: Cyclones and flooding drove 'waves' of typhoid outbreaks in Fiji which, through population aggregation, poor sanitation and water safety, and then mobility of the population, spread clones more widely. Minimal international importations of new typhoid clones suggest that targeted local intervention strategies may be useful in controlling endemic typhoid infection. These findings add to our understanding of typhoid transmission networks in an endemic island country with broad implications, particularly across Pacific Island Countries

Published
2022

5. Host-dependent resistance of Group A Streptococcus to sulfamethoxazole mediated by a horizontally-acquired reduced folate transporter

Author

Rodrigo, MKD, Saiganesh, A, Hayes, AJ, Wilson, AM, Anstey, J, Pickering, JL, Iwasaki, J, Hillas, J, Winslow, S, Woodman, T, Nitschke, P, Lacey, JA, Breese, KJ, van der Linden, MPG, Giffard, PM, Tong, SYC, Gray, N, Stubbs, KA, Carapetis, JR, Bowen, AC, Davies, MR, Barnett, TC, Rodrigo, MKD, Saiganesh, A, Hayes, AJ, Wilson, AM, Anstey, J, Pickering, JL, Iwasaki, J, Hillas, J, Winslow, S, Woodman, T, Nitschke, P, Lacey, JA, Breese, KJ, van der Linden, MPG, Giffard, PM, Tong, SYC, Gray, N, Stubbs, KA, Carapetis, JR, Bowen, AC, Davies, MR, and Barnett, TC

Abstract

Described antimicrobial resistance mechanisms enable bacteria to avoid the direct effects of antibiotics and can be monitored by in vitro susceptibility testing and genetic methods. Here we describe a mechanism of sulfamethoxazole resistance that requires a host metabolite for activity. Using a combination of in vitro evolution and metabolic rescue experiments, we identify an energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporter S component gene (thfT) that enables Group A Streptococcus to acquire extracellular reduced folate compounds. ThfT likely expands the substrate specificity of an endogenous ECF transporter to acquire reduced folate compounds directly from the host, thereby bypassing the inhibition of folate biosynthesis by sulfamethoxazole. As such, ThfT is a functional equivalent of eukaryotic folate uptake pathways that confers very high levels of resistance to sulfamethoxazole, yet remains undetectable when Group A Streptococcus is grown in the absence of reduced folates. Our study highlights the need to understand how antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens might function during infections to identify additional mechanisms of resistance and reduce ineffective antibiotic use and treatment failures, which in turn further contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes amongst bacterial pathogens.

Published
2022

6. Scabies and impetigo in Samoa: A school-based clinical and molecular epidemiological study

Author

Taiaroa, G, Matalavea, B, Tafuna'i, M, Lacey, JA, Price, DJ, Isaia, L, Leaupepe, H, Viali, S, Lee, D, Gorrie, CL, Williamson, DA, Jack, S, Taiaroa, G, Matalavea, B, Tafuna'i, M, Lacey, JA, Price, DJ, Isaia, L, Leaupepe, H, Viali, S, Lee, D, Gorrie, CL, Williamson, DA, and Jack, S

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Common infections of the skin such as impetigo and scabies represent a large burden of disease globally, being particularly prevalent in tropical and resource-limited settings. Efforts to address these infections through mass drug administrations have recently been shown as efficacious and safe. In Samoa, a Pacific Island nation, there is a marked lack of epidemiological data for these neglected tropical diseases, or appreciation of their drivers in this setting. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional survey of children aged between 4 and 15 years attending primary schools in rural areas of Upolu Island, Samoa was carried out to assess the prevalence of impetigo and scabies in schoolchildren residing in rural Samoa, integrated with descriptive epidemiological and microbial genomic data. A phylogenetic assessment of local Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Samoan schoolchildren was performed to estimate putative community transmission. FINDINGS: In this survey, the prevalence of impetigo observed in Samoan schoolchildren was one of the highest described globally (57•1%, 95% CI [53•8-60•5%], 476/833). Associations between active impetigo and age and gender were noted, with younger children and males more commonly affected (aOR2•8 [1•8-4•7]and aOR1•8 [1•3-2•5], respectively). The prevalence of scabies was similar to that seen in other South Pacific island countries (14•4%, 95% CI [12•2-17•0%], 120/833). Transmission of S. aureus was predicted, primarily between those children attending the same school. Carriage of S. pyogenes was notably low, with pharyngeal carriage observed in less than 2% of schoolchildren, consistent with earlier studies from Samoa. INTERPRETATION: This study describes a considerable burden of disease attributed to impetigo and scabies in Samoa. These findings will be valuable in addressing the public health challenge posed by these conditions, providing baseline prevalence data and highlighting practical strategies to reduce trans

Published
2021

8. Epidemiological consequences of enduring strain-specific immunity requiring repeated episodes of infection

Author

Lewis, B, Chisholm, RH, Sonenberg, N, Lacey, JA, McDonald, MI, Pandey, M, Davies, MR, Tong, SYC, McVernon, J, Geard, N, Lewis, B, Chisholm, RH, Sonenberg, N, Lacey, JA, McDonald, MI, Pandey, M, Davies, MR, Tong, SYC, McVernon, J, and Geard, N

Abstract

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) skin infections are caused by a diverse array of strain types and are highly prevalent in disadvantaged populations. The role of strain-specific immunity in preventing GAS infections is poorly understood, representing a critical knowledge gap in vaccine development. A recent GAS murine challenge study showed evidence that sterilising strain-specific and enduring immunity required two skin infections by the same GAS strain within three weeks. This mechanism of developing enduring immunity may be a significant impediment to the accumulation of immunity in populations. We used an agent-based mathematical model of GAS transmission to investigate the epidemiological consequences of enduring strain-specific immunity developing only after two infections with the same strain within a specified interval. Accounting for uncertainty when correlating murine timeframes to humans, we varied this maximum inter-infection interval from 3 to 420 weeks to assess its impact on prevalence and strain diversity, and considered additional scenarios where no maximum inter-infection interval was specified. Model outputs were compared with longitudinal GAS surveillance observations from northern Australia, a region with endemic infection. We also assessed the likely impact of a targeted strain-specific multivalent vaccine in this context. Our model produced patterns of transmission consistent with observations when the maximum inter-infection interval for developing enduring immunity was 19 weeks. Our vaccine analysis suggests that the leading multivalent GAS vaccine may have limited impact on the prevalence of GAS in populations in northern Australia if strain-specific immunity requires repeated episodes of infection. Our results suggest that observed GAS epidemiology from disease endemic settings is consistent with enduring strain-specific immunity being dependent on repeated infections with the same strain, and provide additional motivation for relevant human st

Published
2020

9. Global genomic epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes

Author

Jespersen, MG, Lacey, JA, Tong, SYC, Davies, MR, Jespersen, MG, Lacey, JA, Tong, SYC, and Davies, MR

Abstract

Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the Top 10 human infectious disease killers worldwide causing a range of clinical manifestations in humans. Colonizing a range of ecological niches within its sole host, the human, is key to the ability of this opportunistic pathogen to cause direct and post-infectious manifestations. The expansion of genome sequencing capabilities and data availability over the last decade has led to an improved understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of this pathogen within a global framework where epidemiological relationships and evolutionary mechanisms may not be universal. This review uses the recent publication by Davies et al., 2019 as an updated global framework to address S. pyogenes population genomics, highlighting how genomics is being used to gain new insights into evolutionary processes, transmission pathways, and vaccine design.

Published
2020

10. Longitudinal Analysis of Group A Streptococcus emm Types and emm Clusters in a High-Prevalence Setting: Relationship between Past and Future Infections.

Author

Campbell, PT, Tong, SYC, Geard, N, Davies, MR, Worthing, KA, Lacey, JA, Smeesters, PR, Batzloff, MR, Kado, J, Jenney, AWJ, Mcvernon, J, Steer, AC, Campbell, PT, Tong, SYC, Geard, N, Davies, MR, Worthing, KA, Lacey, JA, Smeesters, PR, Batzloff, MR, Kado, J, Jenney, AWJ, Mcvernon, J, and Steer, AC

Abstract

Group A Streptococcus is a pathogen of global importance, but despite the ubiquity of group A Streptococcus infections, the relationship between infection, colonization, and immunity is still not completely understood. The M protein, encoded by the emm gene, is a major virulence factor and vaccine candidate and forms the basis of a number of classification systems. Longitudinal patterns of emm types collected from 457 Fijian schoolchildren over a 10-month period were analyzed. No evidence of tissue tropism was observed, and there was no apparent selective pressure or constraint of emm types. Patterns of emm type acquisition suggest limited, if any, modification of future infection based on infection history. Where impetigo is the dominant mode of transmission, circulating emm types either may not be constrained by ecological niches or population immunity to the M protein, or they may require several infections over a longer period of time to induce such immunity.

Published
2020

11. In silico Identification of Novel Toxin Homologs and Associated Mobile Genetic Elements in Clostridium perfringens

Author

Lacey, JA, Johanesen, PA, Lyras, D, Moore, RJ, Lacey, JA, Johanesen, PA, Lyras, D, and Moore, RJ

Abstract

Clostridium perfringens causes a wide range of diseases in a variety of hosts, due to the production of a diverse set of toxins and extracellular enzymes. The C. perfringens toxins play an important role in pathogenesis, such that the presence and absence of the toxins is used as a typing scheme for the species. In recent years, several new toxins have been discovered that have been shown to be essential or highly correlated to diseases; these include binary enterotoxin (BecAB), NetB and NetF. In the current study, genome sequence analysis of C. perfringens isolates from diverse sources revealed several putative novel toxin homologs, some of which appeared to be associated with potential mobile genetic elements, including transposons and plasmids. Four novel toxin homologs encoding proteins related to the pore-forming Leukocidin/Hemolysin family were found in type A and G isolates. Two novel toxin homologs encoding proteins related to the epsilon aerolysin-like toxin family were identified in Type A and F isolates from humans, contaminated food and turkeys. A novel set of proteins related to clostridial binary toxins was also identified. While phenotypic characterisation is required before any of these homologs can be established as functional toxins, the in silico identification of these novel homologs on mobile genetic elements suggests the potential toxin reservoir of C. perfringens may be much larger than previously thought.

Published
2019

12. Survival Mechanisms of Campylobacter hepaticus Identified by Genomic Analysis and Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of in vivo and in vitro Derived Bacteria

Author

Thi, THV, Lacey, JA, Vezina, B, Phung, C, Anwar, A, Scott, PC, Moore, RJ, Thi, THV, Lacey, JA, Vezina, B, Phung, C, Anwar, A, Scott, PC, and Moore, RJ

Abstract

Chickens infected with Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli are largely asymptomatic, however, infection with the closely related species, Campylobacter hepaticus, can result in Spotty Liver Disease (SLD). C. hepaticus has been detected in the liver, bile, small intestine and caecum of SLD affected chickens. The survival and colonization mechanisms that C. hepaticus uses to colonize chickens remain unknown. In this study, we compared the genome sequences of 14 newly sequenced Australian isolates of C. hepaticus, isolates from outbreaks in the United Kingdom, and reference strains of C. jejuni and C. coli, with the aim of identifying virulence genes associated with SLD. We also carried out global comparative transcriptomic analysis between C. hepaticus recovered from the bile of SLD infected chickens and C. hepaticus grown in vitro. This revealed how the bacteria adapt to proliferate in the challenging host environment in which they are found. Additionally, biochemical experiments confirmed some in silico metabolic predictions. We found that, unlike other Campylobacter sp., C. hepaticus encodes glucose and polyhydroxybutyrate metabolism pathways. This study demonstrated the metabolic plasticity of C. hepaticus, which may contribute to survival in the competitive, nutrient and energy-limited environment of the chicken. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that gene clusters associated with glucose utilization, stress response, hydrogen metabolism, and sialic acid modification may play an important role in the pathogenicity of C. hepaticus. An understanding of the survival and virulence mechanisms that C. hepaticus uses will help to direct the development of effective intervention methods to protect birds from the debilitating effects of SLD.

Published
2019

13. Whole genome analysis reveals the diversity and evolutionary relationships between necrotic enteritis-causing strains of Clostridium perfringens

Author

Lacey, JA, Allnutt, TR, Vezina, B, Thi, THV, Stent, T, Han, X, Rood, J, Wade, B, Keyburn, AL, Seemann, T, Chen, H, Haring, V, Johanesen, PA, Lyras, D, Moore, RJ, Lacey, JA, Allnutt, TR, Vezina, B, Thi, THV, Stent, T, Han, X, Rood, J, Wade, B, Keyburn, AL, Seemann, T, Chen, H, Haring, V, Johanesen, PA, Lyras, D, and Moore, RJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Clostridium perfringens causes a range of diseases in animals and humans including necrotic enteritis in chickens and food poisoning and gas gangrene in humans. Necrotic enteritis is of concern in commercial chicken production due to the cost of the implementation of infection control measures and to productivity losses. This study has focused on the genomic analysis of a range of chicken-derived C. perfringens isolates, from around the world and from different years. The genomes were sequenced and compared with 20 genomes available from public databases, which were from a diverse collection of isolates from chickens, other animals, and humans. We used a distance based phylogeny that was constructed based on gene content rather than sequence identity. Similarity between strains was defined as the number of genes that they have in common divided by their total number of genes. In this type of phylogenetic analysis, evolutionary distance can be interpreted in terms of evolutionary events such as acquisition and loss of genes, whereas the underlying properties (the gene content) can be interpreted in terms of function. We also compared these methods to the sequence-based phylogeny of the core genome. RESULTS: Distinct pathogenic clades of necrotic enteritis-causing C. perfringens were identified. They were characterised by variable regions encoded on the chromosome, with predicted roles in capsule production, adhesion, inhibition of related strains, phage integration, and metabolism. Some strains have almost identical genomes, even though they were isolated from different geographic regions at various times, while other highly distant genomes appear to result in similar outcomes with regard to virulence and pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of diversity in chicken isolates suggests there is no reliable factor that defines a chicken strain of C. perfringens, however, disease-causing strains can be defined by the presence of netB-encoding plasmids. Th

Published
2018

14. 31. Nehru and the Strategy of Non-Alignment

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

15. 38. Strategies of Jihad: From the Prophet Muhammad to Contemporary Times

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

16. 35. Dilemmas of Dominance: American Strategy from George H.W. Bush to Barack Obama

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

17. 33. Strategies of Détente and Competition: Brezhnev and Moscow's Cold War

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

18. Title, Copyright, Dedication

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

19. 43. Strategy and Grand Strategy in New Domains

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

20. 44. A Revolution in Intelligence

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

21. 34. Arms Competition, Arms Control, and Strategies of Peacetime Competition from Fisher to Reagan

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

22. 45. Grammar, Logic, and Grand Strategy

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

23. 28. The Elusive Nature of Nuclear Strategy

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

24. 27. Nuclear Strategy in Theory and Practice: The Great Divergence

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

25. 26. Mao Zedong and Strategies of Nested War

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

26. 39. Xi Jinping and the Strategy of China's Restoration

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

27. Part Five: Strategy in the Post-Cold War World

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

28. 25. Strategies of Geopolitical Revolution: Hitler and Stalin

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

29. 37. Strategies of Counterinsurgency and Counter-Terrorism after 9/11

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

30. Part Four: Strategy in a Bipolar Era

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

31. 40. Soleimani, Gerasimov, and Strategies of Irregular Warfare

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

32. 21. Strategy and Total War

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

33. 32. Lyndon Johnson and Robert McNamara: Theory Over History and Expertise

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

34. 30. Ben-Gurion, Nasser, and Strategy in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

35. 19. Strategy, War Plans, and the First World War

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

36. 16. Francis Lieber, the Laws of War, and the Origins of the Liberal International Order

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

37. 20. The Strategy of Decisive War versus the Strategy of Attrition

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

38. 18. Strategies of Anti-Imperial Resistance: Gandhi, Bhagat Singh, and Fanon

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

39. 41. The Strength of Weakness: The Kim Dynasty and North Korea's Strategy for Survival

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

40. 22. Woodrow Wilson and the Rise of Modern American Grand Strategy

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

41. 17. Japan Caught between Maritime and Continental Imperialism

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

42. 23. Democratic Leaders and Strategies of Coalition Warfare: Churchill and Roosevelt in World War II

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

43. Contents

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

44. 24. The Hidden Hand of History: Toynbee and the Search for World Order

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

45. 15. Strategic Excellence: Tecumseh and the Shawnee Confederacy

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

46. 11. Sully, Richelieu, and Mazarin: French Strategies of Equilibrium in the Seventeenth Century

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

47. 8. Kant, Paine, and Strategies of Liberal Transformation

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

48. Part Two: Strategy in an Age of Great-Power Rivalry

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

49. 12. Generational Competition in a Multipolar World: William III and André-Hercule de Fleury

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

50. Part Three: Strategy in an Age of Global War

Author

Moyar, Mark, Ehrhardt, Andrew, Edelman, Eric, Gaddis, John Lewis, Rid, Thomas, Rovner, Joshua, Stearns, Jason K., Terry, Sue Mi, Jones, Seth G., Economy, Elizabeth, Hashim, Ahmed S., Malkasian, Carter, Adamsky, Dmitry, Griffin, Christopher J., Mahnken, Thomas G., Radchenko, Sergey, Madan, Tanvi, Laron, Guy, Marston, Daniel, Gavin, Francis, Simms, Brendan, Biddle, Tami, Kagan, Robert, Murray, Williamson, MacMillan, Margaret, Satia, Priya, Paine, Sarah C. M., Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang, Schake, Kori, Edel, Charles, Leggiere, Michael V., Schumann, Matt J., Rehman, Iskander, Kirshner, Jonathan, Helleiner, Eric, Lacey, James, Morgan, Michael Cotey, Maurer, John H., Echevarria, Antulio, Strachan, Hew, Kroenig, Matthew, Yoshihara, Toshi, Mead, Walter Russell, Freedman, Lawrence, Bew, John, and Brands, Hal

Published
2023

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