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La anemia en pequeños rumiantes es una reducción de la masa de células rojas sanguíneas, caracterizada por la disminución del número de glóbulos rojos circulantes, de la hemoglobina y del valor hematocrito. Consecuentemente, se produce una reducción de la capacidad del transporte de oxígeno. Es la alteración hemática más frecuente y, generalmente, es secundaria a otros procesos.

Desde tiempos remotos, las propiedades farmacológicas de las plantas son aprovechadas para el tratamiento de enfermedades en el hombre y en los animales. La utilización de substancias extraídas de las plantas es común no solo en la terapéutica alopática, sino también en la práctica veterinaria convencional (ej. atropina y digoxina). Sin embargo, la presencia en las plantas, o en partes de ellas, de determinados alcaloides, glucósidos, oxalatos, minerales y compuestos fotosensibilizantes, entre otros grupos de moléculas químicas, les confiere propiedades nocivas. «Nada es veneno, todo es veneno: la diferencia está en la dosis» (Paracelso). Este aforismo encuentra su expresión máxima en la toxicidad vegetal. En este documento se resumen los principales efectos tóxicos de las plantas en los pequeños rumiantes, métodos de diagnóstico, medidas de control y prevención.

The objective of this work was to develop, use and present a detailed questionnaire for the evaluation of health management in dairy small ruminants; it includes 442 questions organised in seven sections: general, infrastructure, animals, production characteristics, health management, nutrition, human resources. Consistency of replies was evaluated in 27 farmers, interviewed twice. Inconsistent replies were given by all farmers to 30 different questions (Cronbach’s coefficient alpha: 0.987). Then, interviews were performed in 444 farms around Greece. Mean duration of an interview was 63.6 min. Clarifications were requested by 273 farmers to 22 different questions (maximum per farmer: 8). The experience of the investigator, the primary language of farmers and asking clarifications by the farmers affected the duration of the interview. The questionnaire can be used for research work in the field, to record details in the farms under study. In accord with the needs of a particular study, it can be modified, by adding more specific questions or omitting others deemed of less importance. Moreover, it can also be used for routine monitoring purposes, as a useful means to record and maintain details of farms during clinical work. To the best of our knowledge, the questionnaire is the most extensive and detailed one available internationally for dairy small ruminants.

El control de los nematodos parásitos gastrointestinales en el ovino de carne se basa en el uso de antihelmínticos que se administran a todos los animales del rebaño en tratamientos preventivos. Estudios recientes demuestran que es posible aplicar tratamientos más precisos en los que el antihelmíntico se administra únicamente a aquellos animales que realmente lo necesitan.

La adición de ZooAllium® moltura en el alimento favorece el aumento de peso de los animales así como una reducción del uso de medicamentos al controlar la presencia de coccidios.

Deep semen deposition, avoiding retrograde flow, lesions and stress, has proved to be very important in the success of sheep AI. The objective of the present study was to develop a new, suitable antiretrograde flow device for sheep cervical AI (DARIO) that enables deep deposition of semen into the cervix without any modifications to the procedures currently used, and to compare the fertility, fecundity, and prolificacy rates between DARIO and a traditional catheter. Field tests were performed on 16 farms actively participating in the non-profit National Association of Rasa Aragonesa Breeders genetic selection scheme and where sheep management was similar. A total of 242 AI lots were considered, including 1, 299 ewes; 126 lots (662 ewes) were inseminated using DARIO, and 116 lots (637 ewes) using a traditional commercially-available catheter (control group). Several factors affecting AI results were included in the model for mean comparison between DARIO and control groups (farm and ram as random factors; catheter, year and photoperiod as fixed effects; catheter vó photoperiod interaction). The type of catheter had a significant effect on fertility (P < 0.01) and fecundity rates (P < 0.01) but no significant effect was detected on the prolificacy rate (P = 0.45). For fertility rate (percentage of ewes lambing after AI), means ¬± SE for DARIO and control groups were 59.44 ¬± 2.13% and 49.60 ¬± 2.48%, respectively; for fecundity rates, means ¬± SE for DARIO and control groups were 0.99 ¬± 0.04 and 0.82 ¬± 0.05 lambs/inseminated ewe, respectively, and, for prolificacy rates, means ¬± SE for DARIO and control groups were 1.68 ¬± 0.04 and 1.63 ¬± 0.04 lambs/ewe lambing, respectively. Fertility rate was greater in the decreasing photoperiod (P = 0.01). Significant effects were found for both year (P < 0.05) and farm (P < 0.01) on fertility, fecundity, and prolificacy rates. Neither ram nor catheter vó photoperiod showed any significant effects on the variables investigated (P > 0.05). Overall, the use of DARIO instead of the traditional commercially-available catheter increased both fertility and fecundity rates; the marginal mean differences were 9.05 pregnant ewes per 100 inseminated and 0.15 lambs per inseminated ewe, respectively.

Trabajo presentado al 12th European Multicolloquium of Parasitology (EMOP). Turku, (Finland), 20-24 julio 2016., Parasitism by gastrointestinal and lungworm nematodes has a negative impact on sheep production. Therefore, the treatment with anthelmintic drugs is one of the most frequently implemented managements in sheep farms. Tactical parasite control treatments are based on routine monitoring and intervention when threshold values are reached, balancing effective worm control and preservation of anthelmintic efficacy. In this study the effects of a tactical anthelmintic treatment on productive performances of two sheep flocks for lamb production are described. Flocks were located in irrigated and non-irrigated agricultural areas in northern Spain, being representative of the main farm systems of the region. From early 2015 live weight, body condition score, packed cell volume, serum protein and faecal parasite egg counts (by McMaster technique) have been individually estimated at five and one week before pre-mating. By random selection, half of ewes were treated against parasites during the first sampling, confirming the efficacy of this treatment at 14 days after by faecal egg count reduction test. The same protocol was applied before parturition to get ewes treated just in pre-mating, in pre-parturition period or in both. Monitored productive parameters were apparent fertility, prolificacy, weight of the newborn lambs, days at weaning, average daily gains and survival of lambs. Effects of tactical treatment on productive traits were analysed in relation to faecal parasite egg counts, in order to determine thresholds values indicative of negative impact of parasites on ewe productive performances. The high variability of egg counts, however, precluded their estimation. Study funded by Spanish INIA(RTA2013-00064-C02-01)