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This systematic literature review set out to investigate the clinical outcomes of autogenous tooth root blocks used for ridge augmentation: survival rates, block resorption, implant survival, post-surgical complications, and histology findings. This review followed PRISMA guidelines. An automated search was made in four databases, supplemented by a manual search for relevant articles published before December 2020. The quality of evidence provided was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent analysis. The articles included a total of 136 patients, who received 118 autogenous tooth root blocks and 26 autogenous bone blocks showing block survival rates of 99.15% and 100%, respectively. Tooth root blocks presented a mean bone gain that was similar to autologous bone blocks but showed less resorption. The implant survival rate was 98.32% for autogenous tooth root blocks. Reconstruction of alveolar crests by means of autogenous tooth root blocks appears to be a satisfactory option for single-tooth gaps and low grades of bone atrophy in terms of the survival of the bone block and the implants placed subsequently. More research providing long-term data is needed to confirm these findings., Depto. de Especialidades Clínicas Odontológicas, Fac. de Odontología, TRUE, pub

This systematic literature review set out to investigate the clinical outcomes of autogenous tooth root blocks used for ridge augmentation: survival rates, block resorption, implant survival, post-surgical complications, and histology findings. This review followed PRISMA guidelines. An automated search was made in four databases, supplemented by a manual search for relevant articles published before December 2020. The quality of evidence provided was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent analysis. The articles included a total of 136 patients, who received 118 autogenous tooth root blocks and 26 autogenous bone blocks showing block survival rates of 99.15% and 100%, respectively. Tooth root blocks presented a mean bone gain that was similar to autologous bone blocks but showed less resorption. The implant survival rate was 98.32% for autogenous tooth root blocks. Reconstruction of alveolar crests by means of autogenous tooth root blocks appears to be a satisfactory option for single-tooth gaps and low grades of bone atrophy in terms of the survival of the bone block and the implants placed subsequently. More research providing long-term data is needed to confirm these findings., Depto. de Especialidades Clínicas Odontológicas, Fac. de Odontología, TRUE, pub

The Villar del Arzobispo Formation is a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate unit that crops out at eastern Spain and has been traditionally assigned to the Late Tithonian–Middle Berriasian. In the Maestrazgo and South-Iberian Basins, this unit, which includes abundant dinosaur remains, was deposited in an inner platform that evolved upwards into a coastal and alluvial plain, and finally into an inner platform again (CAMPOS-SOTO et al., 2016a; 2016b). The detailed micropaleontological study of this unit has shown the presence of a larger foraminifera association dominated by Alveosepta personata in its lower part, indicating a Kimmeridgian age for the lower part of the unit (CAMPOS-SOTO et al., 2016a). The upper part of the unit contains a larger foraminifera association dominated by Anchispirocyclina lusitanica, indicating a Tithonian–earliest Berriasian? age for the uppermost part (CAMPOSSOTO et al., 2016b). A Late Jurassic age for the Villar del Arzobispo Fm is, in fact, consistent with the dinosaur fossils preserved in the unit, which show a Late Jurassic affinity (COBOS et al., 2014). The Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary has been recently formally changed by the Berriasian Working Group and it has been placed in the middle of Chron M19n, at the base of Calpionellid Zone B (delimited by the Crassicollaria to Calpionella turnover) in deep shelf to pelagic marine deposits (OGG et al., 2016). This change will have implications when dating coastal and continental deposits, which typically contain very scarce fossils with chronostratigraphic value. This is the case of the Villar del Arzobispo Fm, which contains dinosaur fossils currently considered as typical of the Late Jurassic (COBOS et al., 2014; CAMPOS-SOTO et al., 2016b).

The Villar del Arzobispo Formation, cropping out in the western Peñagolosa sub-basin (Late Jurassic, eastern Spain), includes abundant dinosaur tracksites and bones, which occur in diverse mixed siliciclastic and carbonate facies deposited from shallow marine to coastal and alluvial paleoenvironments. The lower part of the unit, mainly composed of bioclastic and oolitic limestone, was deposited in an inner carbonate platform, which underwent episodic subaerial exposure and siliciclastic inputs from the emergent areas, and includes scarce dinosaur tracks. This environment evolved into a siliciclastic coastal and alluvial plain that was crossed by channels and affected by periodic flooding events, producing the deposition of splay lobes. Upward, the siliciclastic coastal and alluvial deposits are interbedded with inter- to supratidal limestone beds. These tidal and coastal deposits show the highest abundance, diversity and best preservation of dinosaur tracks and bones of the unit. This setting gradually evolved upward into an inner carbonate platform, producing the deposition of shallow marine bioclastic and oolitic limestone, which includes very scarce dinosaur tracks. The highest abundance, diversity and best preservation of theropod, sauropod, thyreophoran and ornithopod tracks occur at the top of tidal carbonate beds. Tracks also occur in the siliciclastic coastal and alluvial plain deposits, especially in the flood plain deposits, preserved, mainly, as infillings or natural casts. Additionally, very scarce and poorly-preserved tracks occur at the top of shallow marine carbonate beds. Bones may be articulated and/or associated in the flood plain deposits, whereas they are isolated and dispersed in the splay lobe deposits. Although this unit has been previously assigned to the Tithonian-Berriasian, the analysis of larger benthic foraminifera suggests a Kimmeridgian-Tithonian age for the Villar del Arzobispo Formation. This is consistent with the dinosaur assemblag

[ES] La Fm. Villar del Arzobispo es una unidad mixta siliciclástico-carbonática que es considerada como la unidad que representa la culminación de la tendencia regresiva del Jurásico terminal-Cretácico basal en la parte suroriental de la Cuenca Ibérica. En el oeste de la sub-cuenca de Penyagolosa (Cuenca del Maestrazgo) esta unidad está formada, en su parte inferior, por una alternancia de carbonatos marinos, areniscas y lutitas y, en la parte media y superior, por lutitas y areniscas, principalmente, que alternan con calizas que se van haciendo progresivamente más abundantes hacia el techo de la unidad. Estas calizas son peloidales, bioclásticas y oolíticas y contienen abundantes fósiles marinos. La presencia de estas facies marinas demuestra la existencia de un periodo transgresivo durante la sedimentación de la parte superior de la unidad. El estudio micropaleontológico ha revelado la presencia de una asociación de foraminíferos dominada por Anchispirocyclina lusitanica y del alga dasycladal Zergabriella embergeri, que indican que el episodio transgresivo tuvo lugar durante el intervalo Titoniense superior-¿Berriasiense inferior?, [EN] The Villar del Arzobispo Fm is a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate unit, which is considered as the unit that represents the culmination of the Late Jurassic-basal Cretaceous regressive trend in the southeastern Iberian Basin. In the western Penyagolosa sub-basin (Maestrazgo Basin) this unit is formed, in its lower part, by an alternation of marine limestone, sandstone and siliciclastic mudstone and, in the middle and upper part, by siliciclastic mudstone and sandstone alternating with limestone, which is progressively more abundant towards the uppermost part of the unit. This limestone is formed by peloids, bioclasts and ooids and contains abundant marine fossils. The presence of these marine facies demonstrates that a transgression took place during the sedimentation of the upper part of the unit. The micropaleontological study reveals the presence of a foraminifera association dominated by Anchispirocyclina lusitanica and the dasyclad algae Zergabriella embergeri, indicating that the transgressive episode took place during the Upper Tithonian-Lower Berriasian? interval.