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In the last few years, Southern European countries have introduced a large number of reforms, on both the supply and the demand side, with the aim of improving the overall quality of justice and, in particular, the efficiency of the courts specialized in dealing with labour proceedings. Focusing on labour justice in Portugal, Spain and Italy, this chapter critically analyses the effects of the reforms adopted in the period 2005-2019, both at macro (national) and meso level (judicial districts). The research shows the persistence of significant territorial gaps within the three countries, in terms of performance of labour courts, which represent a serious threat to the ability of the Southern European societies to effectively achieve sustainable development in this regard.

O artigo examina as respostas às demandas que envolvem a terceirização no cenário pós-reforma trabalhista. Os julgamentos do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) – que rechaçou as alegações de inconstitucionalidade da legislação, declarou a licitude da terceirização e superou a distinção entre atividades empresariais acessórias e finalísticas – colocaram um ponto final no debate judicial? Utilizando os procedimentos metodológicos de levantamento jurisprudencial e análise documental, com mapeamento de ações julgadas no último biênio, examinamos os argumentos nos litígios, investigando acerca da modificação em padrões decisórios. A pesquisa conclui que as controvérsias sobre fraudes em terceirização permanecem em disputa na Justiça do Trabalho, submetida ao controle do Supremo, que apresenta posições contraditórias em relação a esse aspecto. Outro achado da pesquisa é que o requisito da “capacidade econômica” está ausente do debate. A emergência de questões fáticas, as fricções entre a Justiça do Trabalho e o Supremo e os argumentos sobre responsabilidade empresarial apontam para a persistência de disputas na arena judiciária mesmo após o novo marco regulatório. The article examines the responses to the demands involving outsourcing in the post-labor reform scenario. Have the judgments of the Federal Supreme Court (STF) – which rejected the allegations of unconstitutionality of the legislation, declared the lawfulness of outsourcing and overcame the distinction between peripheral and core business activities – put an end to the judicial debate? Using the methodological procedures of jurisprudential survey and documental analysis, with mapping of lawsuits judged in the last two years, we examined the arguments in the litigations, investigating about the modification in decision patterns. The research concludes that the controversies over fraud in outsourcing remain in dispute in the Labor Court, subject to the control of the Supreme Court, which presents contradictory positions in relation to this aspect. Another finding of the research is that the requirement of “economic capacity” is absent from the debate. The emergence of factual issues and the friction between the Labor Court and the STF point to the persistence of disputes in the judicial arena even after the new regulatory framework. L’article examine les réponses aux demandes légales impliquant l’externalisation dans le scénario post réforme du travail. Les arrêts du Tribunal fédéral – qui ont rejeté les griefs d’inconstitutionnalité, déclaré la légalité de l’externalisation et surmonté la distinction entre activités accessoires et finales – ont-ils mis fin au débat judiciaire? A partir d’une enquête et d’une analyse documentaire, avec une cartographie des actions de travail jugées au cours des deux dernières années, nous avons examiné les motifs des jugements, en enquêtant sur le changement des modèles de décision. La recherche conclut que les controverses sur la fraude en matière d’externalisation et de sous-traitance restent en litige devant le Tribunal du travail, mais sous le contrôle du Tribunal fédéral, qui a eu des positions contradictoires sur ce point. Une autre conclusion de la recherche est que l’exigence de «capacité économique» est absente du débat judiciaire. L’émergence de questions factuelles et les frictions entre le tribunal du travail et le STF indiquent la persistance des litiges dans l’arène judiciaire, même après le nouveau cadre réglementaire.

Book Review: Direitos trabalhistas: legislação, Justiça do Trabalho e trabalhadores no Rio Grande do Sul (1958-1964). Curitiba: Editora CRV, 2018 by Alisson Droppa. Resenha do livro Direitos trabalhistas: legislação, Justica do Trabalho e trabalhadores no Rio Grande do Sul (1958-1964). Curitiba: Editora CRV, 2018, de Alisson Droppa.

Despite the significant increase in the volume and quality of research produced in the field of the social history of labour, with records of greater openness in terms of themes and approaches, it is found that, especially regarding the period of the Estado Novo (1937-1945), they could not explain the role played by labor lawyers in the then new Labour Justice. In that regard, this PhD thesis aims to (re)construct the history of these professionals and their legal work – form of action, limits and possibilities – throughout this period of political and cultural domination in which, marked by a strong discourse of giving and protection of labour rights, the State sought the control of workers. For such, we will analyse consistent primary sources in historical labour processes currently crowded in the collection of Santa Maria’s Labour Justice Memorial, through which, in addition to having been able to draw a profile of the plaintiffs, types of demands and discussions more commonly found, we also identified the professionals of the law who most commonly defended the employees and employers of the municipality. Professionals who, as indicated in the conclusions reached, were at the epicentre of the first discussions about (dis)compliance and (in)effectiveness of the newly established social legislation of the time, a fact that made them as important as the employees, employers and Judges themselves, given their fundamental role and contributed to the gradual construction and maturation of the social legislation of the time. Apesar do aumento significativo do volume e qualidade das pesquisas produzidas no campo da história social do trabalho, com registros de maior abertura no que toca a temas, abordagens e enfoques, tem-se que, especialmente quanto ao período do Estado Novo (1937-1945), não deram conta de explicar por completo o papel desempenhado por advogados e trabalhadores na então novel Justiça do Trabalho. Nesse sentido, a presente tese objetiva analisar a história relativa a esses sujeitos, advogados e trabalhadores de Santa Maria (RS), sua forma de atuação, limites e possibilidades, ao longo desse período de dominação política e cultural em que, marcado por um forte discurso de doação e proteção dos direitos trabalhistas, o Estado buscava o “controle” da classe trabalhadora. Inserido na área de concentração “história, poder e cultura” e linha de pesquisa “cultura, migrações e trabalho” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), o trabalho se debruça em fontes primárias consistentes em processos trabalhistas históricos atualmente lotados no acervo do Memorial da Justiça do Trabalho de Santa Maria, por meio dos quais, para além de ter sido possível traçar um perfil dos reclamantes, tipos de demandas e discussões mais corriqueiras havidas, identificou-se também os profissionais da advocacia que mais comumente defendiam a empregados e empregadores do município. Profissionais esses que, conforme indicado nas conclusões alcançadas, encontravam-se no epicentro das primeiras discussões a respeito do (des) cumprimento e (in) efetividade da recém gestada legislação social da época, fato que os transformou em sujeitos tão importantes quanto os próprios empregados, empregadores e Juízes, dado seu papel e auxílio interpretativo da legislação social da época.

CPNU was a public contest, organized by Enamat/TST, to select candidates for substitute judge, which is the entry position into the career of the labour magistracy. From the perspective of the candidates, the CPNU demanded an extensive and profound load of knowledge, of a legal and extra-legal type. Nonetheless, it is important to note that the demand for this whole load of knowledge represented only one side of the contest - probably the most evident to any observer. Another face, much less obvious, consisted of a series of social and professional experiences of the candidates (including that with previous contests, especially in the legal area).

En Córdoba, el fuero del trabajo fue creado en 1949, en el marco del proceso de ampliación del intervencionismo social que tuvo lugar durante el gobierno peronista. El propósito de este artículo consiste en explorar los usos que los trabajadores hicieron de estos tribunales, así como los límites y las posibilidades que el fuero ofreció a sus demandas. Con ese fin, la atención se focaliza en los trabajadores domésticos, quienes conformaban un sector históricamente postergado en la legislación obrera, cuyas protecciones eran más limitadas que las aseguradas contemporáneamente a otros asalariados. Por esta vía, se busca contribuir al conocimiento de los derechos que reivindicaron y las percepciones de “lo justo” que pusieron en juego en un contexto de desprotección jurídica. Esto puede ser significativo para observar indicios de la configuración de una identidad colectiva como asalariados y pensar en la construcción de la “conciencia legal” de estos trabajadores como un proceso histórico de larga duración. In Córdoba, the labour justice was created in 1949, within the process of expansion of social interventionism that took place during Perón’s government. The purpose of this article is to explore how workers used these courts, as well as the limits and possibilities offered by the jurisdiction to their demands. To that end, we will focus on domestic workers, who were a historically postponed sector in the blue-collar working-class legislation and whose protections were more limited than those given to other wage-earners in the period. Through this, we seek to contribute to the knowledge of the rights that they demanded and the perceptions of fairness that they presented in a context of lack of legal protection. This can be meaningful to observe signs of the configuration of a collective identity as wage-earners and to consider the construction of these workers’ “legal awareness” as a long-term historical process. Fil: Portelli, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Estudios Históricos, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Córdoba; Argentina

En Córdoba, el fuero del trabajo fue creado en 1949, en el marco del proceso de ampliación del intervencionismo social que tuvo lugar durante el gobierno peronista. El propósito de este artículo consiste en explorar los usos que los trabajadores hicieron de estos tribunales, así como los límites y las posibilidades que el fuero ofreció a sus demandas. Con ese fin, la atención se focaliza en los trabajadores domésticos, quienes conformaban un sector históricamente postergado en la legislación obrera, cuyas protecciones eran más limitadas que las aseguradas contemporáneamente a otros asalariados. Por esta vía, se busca contribuir al conocimiento de los derechos que reivindicaron y las percepciones de lo justo que pusieron en juego en un contexto de desprotección jurídica. Esto puede ser significativo para observar indicios de la configuración de una identidad colectiva como asalariados y pensar en la construcción de la "conciencia legal" de estos trabajadores como un proceso histórico de larga duración. In Córdoba, the labour justice was created in 1949, within the process of expansion of social interventionism that took place during Perón’s government. The purpose of this article is to explore how workers used these courts, as well as the limits and possibilities offered by the jurisdiction to their demands. To that end, we will focus on domestic workers, who were a historically postponed sector in the blue-collar working-class legislation and whose protections were more limited than those given to other wage-earners in the period. Through this, we seek to contribute to the knowledge of the rights that they demanded and the perceptions of fairness that they presented in a context of lack of legal protection. This can be meaningful to observe signs of the configuration of a collective identity as wage-earners and to consider the construction of these workers’ “legal awareness” as a long-term historical process. Fil: Portelli, María Belén. Centro de Estudios Historicos "prof. Carlos S.a. Segreti". Instituto de Estudios Historicos. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Estudios Historicos.; Argentina

In Argentina, the majority of domestic workers are not registered. The combination of a lack of regulatory frameworks, limited inspection capabilities on the part of the state, and the culturally entrenched notion of domestic work as “servitude” and “help” has made informality the rule for paid domestic workers. Thus, formalisation is considered fundamental for the recognition of the social and labour rights, at both the policy and individual levels. The latter is evident in the process of labour disputes resolution established by the Domestic Work Tribunal in Buenos Aires. As a consequence, this article seeks to understand how the demand for formalisation appears at the centre of disputes over the recognition of rights at the Domestic Work Tribunal, becoming a judicial claim. How is formalisation used in the context of an individual labour dispute at the tribunal?This paper, which is divided into two sections, draws on a study of the legal framework for paid domestic work, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 156 judicial files and 1,000 rulings, and four months of ethnographic fieldwork. The first section analyses the way in which the process of formalisation is discussed, conceived, and implemented at the international and national level, and the way it is appropriated by employers and domestic workers. The second focuses on the dispute resolution process in which the meaning of formalisation changes according to the diverse actors involved.

Since the 1930s, Labour Justice has played very important roles in resolving labour disputes in Brazil. Nonetheless, the question that arises today is whether that justice can (or even should) continue with those roles - or whether it is possible to conceive some alternatives, which involve active participation of workers' organizations. This doubt arises from the analysis of a set of evidences, which point to the difficulties of this justice in order to present reasonable solutions to labour conflicts.

Submitted by Kenia Bernini (kenia.bernini@ufpel.edu.br) on 2018-10-22T22:05:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Mônica_Renata_Schmidt_Dissertação.pdf: 2268254 bytes, checksum: a6744307dac0df21c9b51f7d72e357e0 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-11-06T18:50:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Mônica_Renata_Schmidt_Dissertação.pdf: 2268254 bytes, checksum: a6744307dac0df21c9b51f7d72e357e0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-11-06T18:50:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Mônica_Renata_Schmidt_Dissertação.pdf: 2268254 bytes, checksum: a6744307dac0df21c9b51f7d72e357e0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-06T18:50:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Mônica_Renata_Schmidt_Dissertação.pdf: 2268254 bytes, checksum: a6744307dac0df21c9b51f7d72e357e0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 Sem bolsa A presente dissertação enfoca aspectos importantes da experiência dos trabalhadores do Frigorífico Anglo de Pelotas, durante a primeira metade da década de 1940, com destaque para o regime de trabalho, valores e concepções dos trabalhadores, relações entre os empregados e empregadores, disputas judiciais em torno das relações de trabalho destacando a atuação dos trabalhadores, capatazes e patrões frente às instâncias do Judiciário. Busca-se entender como a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT) - destinada a regulamentar minuciosamente as questões referentes ao mundo do trabalho, sobretudo condições de trabalho e disputas entre empregados e empregadores - foi incorporada na cultura do operariado local e usada como "arma" no enfrentamento com os patrões. Os processos trabalhistas que subsidiaram a pesquisa integram o acervo da Justiça do Trabalho de Pelotas e região, o qual está atualmente salvaguardado no Núcleo de Documentação Histórica da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (NDH-UFPel). Foram selecionados 90 processos iniciados por trabalhadores contra o Anglo, dentre estes, foram escolhidos aqueles que contemplaram os objetivos da dissertação. O estudo dos processos torna possível perceber elementos constitutivos dos conflitos e disputas transcorridas na Justiça do Trabalho. Por outro lado, os autos trabalhistas indicam práticas e relações sociais que ultrapassam o cenário propriamente jurídico, como por exemplo, as experiências cotidianas nos locais de trabalho. This dissertation focuses on the important aspects of the experience of Angelo workers in Pelotas during the first half of the 1940s, with emphasis on the work regime, values and conceptions of workers, relationships between employees and employers, judicial disputes around Of the labor relations emphasizing the work of the workers, foremen and bosses in front of the instances of the Judiciary. It seeks to understand how the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT) - aimed at regulating labor issues, especially working conditions and disputes between employees and employers - has been incorporated into the culture of local workers and used as a "weapon "In the confrontation with the bosses. The labor lawsuits that subsidized the research are part of the collection of the Labor Courts of Pelotas and the region, which is currently safeguarded in the Nucleus of Historical Documentation of the Federal University of Pelotas (NDH-UFPel). A total of 90 lawsuits were initiated by workers against Anglo, of which, those who contemplated the objectives of the dissertation were chosen. The study of the processes makes it possible to perceive elements constituting the conflicts and disputes passed in the Labor Court. On the other hand, labor records indicate practices and social relations that go beyond the legal framework, such as everyday experiences in the workplace.

This article aims to propose a reflection on the reality experienced by the judiciary through the effectiveness of crisis that presents itself with respect to the jurisdictional delivery. The approach proposed here adopts the deductive method and has an emphasis on Labour Justice and aims to propose a reflection of efficientism the consequences produced by the existence of a lightning justice. The work unfolds in three parts. At first, the impacts of bureaucratic management of the judiciary and its implications will be analyzed; the second will be specifically studied the effectiveness of judicial assistance within the Labor Court. Finally, it is the problem of excessive pursuit of effectiveness of adjudication in labor courts., Este artigo visa propor uma reflexão acerca da realidade vivenciada pelo Poder Judiciário em meio à crise de efetividade que se apresenta com relação à entrega jurisdicional. A abordagem aqui proposta adota o método dedutivo e tem ênfase na Justiça Laboral e objetiva propor uma reflexão das consequências do eficientismo produzido por meio da existência de uma justiça relâmpago. O trabalho desdobra-se em três partes. Na primeira, serão analisados os impactos da gestão burocrática do Poder Judiciário e suas implicações; na segunda, será estudada especificamente a efetividade da prestação jurisdicional no âmbito da Justiça do Trabalho. Por fim, trata-se do problema da busca desmedida pela efetividade da prestação jurisdicional na Justiça do Trabalho.

This article aims to propose a reflection on the reality experienced by the judiciary through the effectiveness of crisis that presents itself with respect to the jurisdictional delivery. The approach proposed here adopts the deductive method and has an emphasis on Labour Justice and aims to propose a reflection of efficientism the consequences produced by the existence of a lightning justice. The work unfolds in three parts. At first, the impacts of bureaucratic management of the judiciary and its implications will be analyzed; the second will be specifically studied the effectiveness of judicial assistance within the Labor Court. Finally, it is the problem of excessive pursuit of effectiveness of adjudication in labor courts. Este artigo visa propor uma reflexão acerca da realidade vivenciada pelo Poder Judiciário em meio à crise de efetividade que se apresenta com relação à entrega jurisdicional. A abordagem aqui proposta adota o método dedutivo e tem ênfase na Justiça Laboral e objetiva propor uma reflexão das consequências do eficientismo produzido por meio da existência de uma justiça relâmpago. O trabalho desdobra-se em três partes. Na primeira, serão analisados os impactos da gestão burocrática do Poder Judiciário e suas implicações; na segunda, será estudada especificamente a efetividade da prestação jurisdicional no âmbito da Justiça do Trabalho. Por fim, trata-se do problema da busca desmedida pela efetividade da prestação jurisdicional na Justiça do Trabalho.

It is frequent among Brazilian historians the interpretation that in Vargas Era it was introduced in the country a nationalist and authoritarian regime, inspired specially in the corporativism of Italian fascist regime. On the other hand, it is also frequent between these historians the opinion that the principles of corporativism would not be completely adopted by Brazilian government, but were simple instruments for class domination. About this subject, however, without denying its Italian influence and its evident character of domination and instrument to maintain the social order, we have also to analyze the social and labour legislation of Vargas regime including its influences of the American sociological jurisprudence, frequently neglected by historiography. In this sense, the books "Problemas de Direito Corporativo (1938)" and "Problemas de Direito Sindical (1943)", of Oliveira Viana, are representative., É frequente entre os historiadores brasileiros a visão de que a Era Vargas introduziu no Brasil um regime autoritário e nacionalista, inspirado especialmente no corporativismo fascista italiano. De outro lado, é também frequente entre os historiadores a opinião de que seus princípios corporativos não teriam sido completamente adotados pelo governo brasileiro, mas foram simples instrumentos para a dominação de classes. A esse respeito, sem negar a influência italiana e seu evidente caráter de dominação e instrumento de manutenção da ordem social, tem-se por objetivo analisar a legislação social e trabalhista da Era Vargas a partir de suas influências da sociologia jurídica americana, frequentemente negligenciada pela historiografia. Nesse sentido, são representativas as obras "Problemas de Direito Corporativo (1938)" e "Problemas de Direito Sindical (1943)", de Oliveira Viana.

Perceived Job Security : The Effects of Unemployment Insurance and Labour Court Activity. We analyse the effects of unemployment insurance and employment protection legislation onworkers’perception of job security. The French sample of the European Community Household Panel provides an indicator of workers’ perceived job security and enables us to simulate the potential unemployment insurance benefits an employeewould receive in case of job loss. Exploiting a data set of unfair dismissal cases brought to labour courts, we compute theworkers’mean victory rate and the mean time before a case is heard across all French départements. We find that an increase in maximum compensation duration has a strong positive impact on perceived job security. A higher worker victory rate and speedier labour court processing are found to significantly improve perceived job security., Cet article analyse conjointement les effets de l’indemnisation chômage et de la justice prud’homale sur le sentiment de sécurité de l’emploi des salariés. L’échantillon français de l’ECHP (European Community Household Panel) fournit une mesure de la satisfaction des salariés vis-à-vis de la sécurité de leur emploi et permet de simuler les droits à l’assurance chômage de chacun d’eux. Les données sur les prud’hommes permettent en outre de construire plusieurs indicateurs de justice prud’homale au niveau des départements, dont le taux de victoire des salariés et la duréemoyenne des procédures. Nos résultats économétriques indiquent que la durée de l’indemnisation du chômage et les conditions de justice prud’homale améliorent la satisfaction des salariés vis-à-vis de la sécurité perçue de l’emploi., Fraisse Henri, Prost Corinne, Rioux Laurence. Sentiment de sécurité de l’emploi : l’effet des indemnités chômage et de la justice prud’homale. In: Économie & prévision, n°202-203, 2013. Economie du droit. pp. 101-120.

A presente pesquisa aborda o jogo em torno da legitimidade do “poder normativo” da Justiça do Trabalho no campo jurídico. No primeiro capítulo, uma breve revisão da literatura sobre o tema, a escolha teórica designada pela noção de campo e as oposições sobre a questão são apresentadas. No segundo capítulo, uma reconstituição histórica é realizada, a fim de reconstituir a criação do “poder normativo” e as lutas do movimento sindical em torno da legitimidade do instrumento jurídico. No terceiro capítulo, os pontos de vista dos Tribunais Trabalhistas nas décadas de 1990 e de 2000 são examinados, e dados são construídos para identificar como os interesses dos grupos do movimento sindical são traduzidos em argumentos jurídicos. The present research is approaches the game to legitimate the “normative power” of the Labour Justice in the juridical field. In the first chapter, a brief revision of the literature on the theme, the theoretical choice designated by the field notion and the oppositions on the subject are presented. In the second chapter, a historical analysis of the fights out of the field it is accomplished, in order to reconstitute the creation of the “normative power” and the fights of the syndical movement on this juridical instrument. In the third chapter, the continuity of the point of view of the Labour Tribunals in the decade of 1990 and 2000 is examined, and data are built to identify as the interests of the syndical movement groups are translated in juridical arguments.

A presente pesquisa enfoca o campo da magistratura do trabalho e as estratégias dos magistrados do trabalho, observando uma abordagem relacional. O primeiro capítulo propõe uma problematização teórico-metodológica, com o objetivo de prevenir erros que derivem da falta de consciência dos pressupostos da análise. No segundo capítulo, é construída a noção de campo da magistratura do trabalho como espaço de lutas em torno da imposição universal da definição legítima do papel de juiz do trabalho, considerando-se os grandes movimentos estruturais do campo: a posição dominada original em face da tradição civilista da magistratura brasileira; a afirmação da especificidade protetiva da magistratura do trabalho; e a emergência de definições "parnasianas" da profissão judicial. O terceiro capítulo considera as trajetórias percorridas pelos magistrados individuais, no âmbito da estrutura móvel do campo, e a aquisição e a colocação em ato de disposições incorporadas, estabelecendo comparações entre as diferentes trajetórias e as definições do papel da magistratura reivindicadas e tendo em vista o condicionamento mútuo entre elas. This research focuses the field of the laboral judicature and the strategies of the labour judges, through a relational approach. The first chapter proposes a theoretical and methodological problematization, aiming to prevent errors resultant of a lack of conscience about the analysis postulates. By the second chapter, it´s constructed the notion of field of the labour judicature as a space of fights established around the universal imposition of the labour judge´s role legitime definition, taking into consideration the great structural movements of the field: the original dominated position in face of the brazilian judicature´s civilist tradition; the affirmation of the protective specifity of the laboral judicature; and the arising of "parnasian" definitions of the judicial profession. The third chapter considers the trajectories crossed by the individual judges, in the context of the moveable structure of the field, and the acquisition and the placing in act of incorporated dispositions, by establishing comparisons between the different trajectories and the claimed definitions of the labour judge´s role and by taking into consideration the mutual conditioning between them.