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1. Bimodal distribution of the solid products in a magmatic chamber: Modelling by fractional crystallization and coupling of the chemical exchanges with the differential melt/solid transport

Author

Morad Lakhssassi, Jean-Yves Cottin, Eric Touboul, Bernard Guy, Département Géochimie, environnement, écoulement, réacteurs industriels et cristallisation (GENERIC-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Centre de Génie Industriel et Informatique (G2I-ENSMSE), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, Laboratoire de Transferts Lithosphériques (LTL), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint Etienne Centre G2I, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Échange chimique, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Thermodynamics, Mineralogy, Chemical exchange, Répartition bimodale, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Discontinuity of composition, Solidification, Bimodal distribution, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, law, Fractional crystallization, Sédimentation, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Crystallization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Cristallisation fractionnée, Global and Planetary Change, Fractional crystallization (geology), Discontinuité de composition, Magmatic chamber, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chambre magmatique
Abstract

International audience; Our aim is to explain the possible bimodality of the compositions of the magmatic rocks of the same province. In order to do so, we present a model for the crystallization of a magmatic chamber, coupling the three phenomena: solidification, sedimentation, chemical reactions between the solid and the liquid. These three phenomena make two independent dimensionless parameters appear: the ratios of the solidification rate to the transport velocity, and of the chemical kinetics to the transport velocity. The model is written for one independent chemical component. It is shown that, for certain values of the dimensionless parameters, the chemical composition of the chamber can present a bimodal distribution, starting from uniform initial conditions. This model shows that the coupling between three elementary phenomena is enough to explain the bimodality, or more generally the appearance of discontinuities of chemical compositions, without making any additional assumption. ==================================================== Nous cherchons à rendre compte de la bimodalité possible des compositions des roches magmatiques d'une même province. Pour cela, nous présentons un modèle de cristallisation d'une chambre magmatique couplant les trois phénomènes : solidification, sédimentation, réactions chimiques entre le solide et le liquide. Ceux-ci font apparaître deux paramètres sans dimension indépendants, exprimant les rapports respectifs de la vitesse de solidification sur la vitesse du déplacement solide/liquide, et de la cinétique d'échange sur la vitesse de déplacement. Le modèle est écrit pour un constituant chimique indépendant. On montre que, pour certaines valeurs des paramètres sans dimension, la composition chimique de la chambre peut présenter une répartition bimodale, alors que les conditions initiales sont uniformes. Ce modèle montre que le couplage entre trois phénomènes élémentaires suffit à rendre compte de la bimodalité, ou plus généralement, de l'apparition de discontinuités de compositions, sans faire intervenir d'hypothèse additionnelle.

Published
2010

2. Hydrothermal fluid interaction in basaltic lava units, Kerguelen Archipelago (SW Indian Ocean)

Author

Peter Bowden, Kurtis Kyser, Jean-Yves Cottin, Bertrand Moine, Christophe Renac, Laboratoire de Transferts Lithosphériques (LTL), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Carbonate minerals, Geochemistry, stable isotopes, interaction, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Peralkaline rock, Hydrothermal circulation, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Fluid inclusions, 14. Life underwater, meteoric-hydrothermal alteration, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Kerguelen basalt, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Basalt, Igneous rock, fluid inclusions, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Meteoric water, engineering, Celadonite, fluid–rock, Geology
Abstract

Hydrothermally altered basaltic lava-units in the northern Kerguelen Archipelago contain a wide variety of secondary silicate and carbonate minerals, including zeolites, hydrothermal calcite, dolomite and magnesite, as well as celadonite, orthoclase (adularia) and quartz. Petrography, fluid-inclusion microthermometry, trace-elements geochemistry, Sr isotopes and stable-isotope compositions indicate hydrothermal fluid cells derived from meteoric water interacting with basalts and Rb-rich subvolcanic peralkaline rocks at temperatures ranging from 50 to 200 °C associated with the cooling of the lava pile. The calculated δ 18 O values of meteoric-hydrothermal waters in fossil hydrothermal systems are identical to those in present-day hot springs, suggesting that meteoric recharge was continuous throughout the igneous cooling cycles of the 28–23 Ma older host basalts and the younger 15–5 Ma old peralkaline intrusions. The Kerguelen northern coastline hydrothermal system in the basaltic pile demonstrates that much of the silicate mineralogy and almost all carbonate secondary minerals in altered basalts were derived from meteoric-hydrothermal fluids, rather than products of seawater interaction, or even magmatic-hydrothermal fluids associated with peralkaline intrusions.

Published
2010

3. Comparison of diagenetic fluids in the Proterozoic Thelon and Athabasca Basins, Canada: implications for protracted fluid histories in stable intracratonic basins

Author

T.K. Kyser, C Renac, K Durocher, G Dreaver, T O'Connor, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Transferts Lithosphériques (LTL), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Proterozoic, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Diagenesis, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Petrology, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Paleoproterozoic Thelon Basin, located on the border between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories of Canada, is a contemporaneous analog of the uranium-rich Paleoproterozoic Athabasca Basin in Canada. Early diagenesis resulted in precipitation of extensive hematite on the surfaces of detrital quartz grains throughout the Thelon Formation and minor hydroxy-phosphate in veins locally. Continued diagenesis then resulted in syntaxial quartz cementation of detrital quartz at 130°C from fluids having ca. 17 wt.% equivalent NaCl, similar to the Athabasca Basin. Cementation of this type is most pronounced in fine-grained sequences in the Thelon Basin. A period of extensive desilicification during continued burial was followed by formation, at ca. 200°C, of peak-diagenetic illite having Ar–Ar ages of ca. 1400–1690 Ma in the Thelon Formation. This illite was associated with fluids with δ18O and δD values of ca. 6‰ and –50‰, respectively, similar to those during peak diagenesis of the Athabasca Basin. Although the timing, salinity, and isotopic composition of the peak-diagenetic fluids in the Thelon and Athabasca Basins are similar, the peak-diagenetic mineral assemblage in the Athabasca Formation is dickite and illite, with minor dravite and goyasite rather than simply illite. Consequently, the fluids at peak diagenesis, which in the Athabasca Basin are synchronous with formation of world-class unconformity-type uranium deposits, had different compositions in each basin. Post-peak diagenesis in the Thelon Basin was quite distinct from that in the Athabasca Basin in that illite was replaced in the central portion of the basin by K-feldspar and then sudoite, which crystallized from saline brines at ca. 1000 Ma and 100°C. Evidence for later infiltration of these brines is absent in the Athabasca Basin, although uranium mobilization at ca. 900 Ma from fluids having the same characteristics as those at peak diagenesis was pronounced in the Athabasca Basin. Recent incursion of meteoric waters along reactivated structures into the Athabasca Basin has variably affected hydrous and uraniferous minerals, but evidence for this is lacking in the Thelon Basin. The Thelon Basin reflects less intensive fluid–rock interaction in its early history than that recorded in the basal units of the Athabasca Basin.

Published
2002

4. Reconstruction of groundwater flows and chemical water evolution in an amagmatic hydrothermal system (La Léchère, French Alps)

Author

Dominique Gasquet, Christophe Renac, Marc Dzikowski, Emilie Thiébaud, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Electronique et de Micro-optoélectronique de Montpellier (CEM2), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Transferts Lithosphériques (LTL), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Foray, Charlotte

Subjects
Metamorphic rock, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Dolomite, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Aquifer, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Geomorphology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, La Léchère, Stable isotope ratio, Hydrochemistry, Alps, Schist, 6. Clean water, Orogenic setting, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Facies, Thermal conditions, Carbonate, Groundwater, Geology
Abstract

Summary A detailed picture of the hydrogeochemistry of an alpine thermal area (La Lechere, French Alps) was drawn up from new and complete analyses of shallow and deep groundwater, including major and trace elements, gases, and stable (δ 18 O, δD, δ 13 C, δ 34 S) and radiogenic isotopes ( 14 C), combined with data on the trace and stable isotope (δ 18 O, δ 34 S) contents of the aquifer rocks. Three different groundwater facies were recognized: (1) the shallow groundwater in the carbonate and crystalline rocks presents a poorly mineralized Ca–HCO 3 facies; (2) the shallow groundwater from the evaporitic fault zone presents a mineralized Ca–Mg–SO 4 facies; (3) and the deep thermal water presents a highly-mineralized Ca–Na–SO 4 facies. The evolution from facies 2 to facies 3 is controlled by three phenomena: (i) the presence or absence of evaporitic deposits along the fault, which governs whether or not the water can interact with carbonates and dolomites, (ii) interactions with micaschists and Permo-Carboniferous rocks, which lead to Ca–Na exchanges and enrichment in some trace elements and gases (CO 2 , CH 4 and H 2 S), and (iii) the long residence time (several thousand years) and high temperature (90 °C) of the thermal water.

Published
2010

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