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1. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE WATER OF FOUR LAKES OF THE FERKESSEDOUGOU DAM (NORTH OF COTE DIVOIRE)

Author: Coulibaly Lereyaha , Kouakou Koffi Amoulaye, Ouattara Ismaila, and UFR Ingenierie, Agronomique, Foresterie Et Environnemental (IAFE), Laboratoire Central Danalyse(LCA),Unite De Physico-Chimie Et Microbiologie,Universitede Man,BP 20 Man,Cote DIvoire.
Subjects: Dam Lake PCA Physico-Chemistry Suspendedmatter Ferkessedougou
Abstract: Runoff from the catchment areas of the reservoirs is partly responsible for the chemical quality of the water. The main objective of this study was to compare the physico-chemical quality of the waters of four lakes in the sub-county of Ferkessedougou located in the north of Cote dIvoire. After application of the referenced analytical methods, the contents of chemical elements were subjected to statistical processing, mainly principal component analysis (PCA). The study revealed a categorization of the water in the reservoirs. On the whole, the water in the reservoirs is poorly mineralized, thus justifying a low electrical conductivity (66.67 to 138.04 S/cm). The Bakaryvogo lake, richer in dissolved elements, is opposed to the Korobelekaha and Dekokaha lakes, which have the lowest electrical conductivity, unlike the others. The lake of Sepenediokaha is distinguished by turbid waters rich in organic matter (COD) and suspended solids (SS). This study provided an overview of the quality of the water, which remains a function of the activities in the catchment areas. Furthermore, the waters of these reservoirs are potentially threatened by the phenomenon of eutrophization given the levels of nutrients measured. Indeed, the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and phosphorus, although lower than the thresholds allowed by the WHO, are significant. There are also significant levels of phosphorus. In addition, the average Fe2+content measured (0.78 mg/L) is above WHO standards. &nbsp
Published: 2021
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2. Coprecipitation of nickel zinc malonate: A facile and reproducible synthesis route for Ni1-xZnxO nanoparticles and Ni1-xZnxO/ZnO nanocomposites via pyrolysis

Author: Université de Yaoundé I - Laboratoire de physico-chimie des matériaux, UCL - SST/IMCN/BSMA - Bio and soft matter, UCL - SST/IMCN/MOST - Molecules, Solids and Reactivity, Lontio Fomekong, Roussin, Delcorte, Arnaud, Lambi Ngolui, John, Hermans, Sophie, KENFACK TSOBNANG, Patrice, Magnin, Delphine, Université de Yaoundé I - Laboratoire de physico-chimie des matériaux, UCL - SST/IMCN/BSMA - Bio and soft matter, UCL - SST/IMCN/MOST - Molecules, Solids and Reactivity, Lontio Fomekong, Roussin, Delcorte, Arnaud, Lambi Ngolui, John, Hermans, Sophie, KENFACK TSOBNANG, Patrice, and Magnin, Delphine
Abstract: Nanoparticles of Ni1-xZnxO and Ni1-xZnxO/ZnO, which can be good candidates for selective gas sensors, were successfully obtained via a two-step synthetic route, in which the nickel zinc malonate precursor was first synthesized by co-precipitation from an aqueous solution, followed by pyrolysis in air at a relatively low temperature (~500 °C). The precursor was characterized by ICP-AES, FTIR and TG and the results indicate the molecular structure of the precursor to be compatible with Ni1-xZnx(OOCCH2COO).2H2O. The decomposition product, characterized using various techniques (FTIR, XRD, ToF-SIMS, SEM, TEM and XPS), was established to be a doped nickel oxide (Ni1-xZnxO for 0.01≤ x ≤0.1) and a composite material (Ni1-xZnxO/ZnO for 0.2≤ x≤0.5). To elucidate the form in which the Zn is present in the NiO structure, three analytical techniques were employed: ToF-SIMS, XRD and XPS. While ToF SIMS provided a direct evidence of the presence of Zn in the NiO crystal structure, XRD showed that Zn actually substitutes Ni in the structure and XPS is a bit more specific by indicating that the Zn is present in the form of Zn2+ ions.
Published: 2015

3. Elongational and shear flow behavior of calcium carbonate filled low density polyethylene: Effect of filler particle size, content, and surface treatment

Author: Université Ferhat Abbes, Sétif - Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Département Génie des Procédés, UCL - SST/IMCN/BSMA - Bio and soft matter, Zoukrami, Fouzia, Haddaoui, Nacerddine, Bailly, Christian, Sclavons, Michel, Legras, Roger, Université Ferhat Abbes, Sétif - Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Département Génie des Procédés, UCL - SST/IMCN/BSMA - Bio and soft matter, Zoukrami, Fouzia, Haddaoui, Nacerddine, Bailly, Christian, Sclavons, Michel, and Legras, Roger
Abstract: In this article, calcium carbonate filled low density polyethylene (LDPE) was prepared and the influence of filler content, particle size, and surface treatment with stearic acid on the strain hardening and viscoelastic properties of the composites were investigated. Both elongational and shear rheological measurements were conducted on the different formulations and completed by microscopical observations and by differential scanning thermal analysis. The obtained results indicate that the effect of filler content and particle size are negligible on strain hardening behavior. Also the filler surface treatment has a less important effect on the nonlinear elongational tests in comparison with low frequency range measurements. However in shear rheology, we noted the absence of yield stress and network structure at different filler contents, and the presence of shear thinning behavior. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showed the enhancement of dispersion for surface treated samples, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments have shown that the content of crystallinity of LDPE matrix is slightly affected by the presence of filler. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Published: 2012

4. On the design of new β-metastable titanium alloys with improved work hardening rate thanks to simultaneous TRIP and TWIP effects

Author: UCL - SST/IMMC/IMAP - Materials and process engineering, Chimie-Paris Tech, Paris - Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des surfaces, Groupe de Métallurgie Structurale, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes - INSA, SCR/Chimie-Métallurgie, Marteleur, Matthieu, Sun, Fan, Gloriant, Thierry, Vermaut, Philippe, Jacques, Pascal, Prima, Frédéric, UCL - SST/IMMC/IMAP - Materials and process engineering, Chimie-Paris Tech, Paris - Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des surfaces, Groupe de Métallurgie Structurale, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes - INSA, SCR/Chimie-Métallurgie, Marteleur, Matthieu, Sun, Fan, Gloriant, Thierry, Vermaut, Philippe, Jacques, Pascal, and Prima, Frédéric
Abstract: In this work, preliminary results are presented on attempts to develop a new family of titanium alloys with high ductility induced by combined transformation-induced plasticity and twinning-induced plasticity effects. Mechanical tests carried out on a binary β-metastable Ti-12 wt.% Mo alloy designed by a formulation strategy based on the "d-electron alloy design" show a very high work hardening rate. X-ray diffraction, electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal the mechanical activation of twinning and of α′, α″ and ω phases. © 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2012

5. Surface treatment and characterization: perspectives to electrophoresis and lab-on-chips

Author: Institut Curie - Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, UCL - FSA/MAPR - Département des sciences des matériaux et des procédés, Pallandre, Antoine, De Lambert, Bertrand, Attia, Rafaële, Jonas, Alain M., Viovy, Jean-Louis, Institut Curie - Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, UCL - FSA/MAPR - Département des sciences des matériaux et des procédés, Pallandre, Antoine, De Lambert, Bertrand, Attia, Rafaële, Jonas, Alain M., and Viovy, Jean-Louis
Abstract: The control and modification of surface state is a major challenge in bioanalytical sciences, and in particular in electrokinetic separation methods, due to the importance of electroosmosis. This topic has gained recently a renewed interest, associated with the development of “lab-on-chips” systems that extend the range of materials in which separation channels are fabricated. The surface science community has developed through the years a large toolbox of characterization tools and surface modification protocols, which is not yet fully exploited in the bioanalytical world. In this paper, we try and present an overview of these tools, in order to stimulate new ideas for improved and more controlled surface treatment strategies for separations in capillaries and microchannels. We briefly describe some physical and chemical aspects of electroosmosis (global and spatially resolved), streaming current, and streaming potential. We also review the main strategies for surface coating, and compare the advantages of physisorption, well-organized thin self-assembled monolayers, or conversely thick polymer “brushes”. Examples of existing applications to electrophoresis in microchannel are also given.
Published: 2006

6. Feasibility Report for the Prominence-Corona Interface Proposed Program.

Author: LABORATOIRE DE PHYSICO-CHIMIE DES MATERIAUX MEUDON (FRANCE), Mouradian, Zadig, Pojoga, Sorin, LABORATOIRE DE PHYSICO-CHIMIE DES MATERIAUX MEUDON (FRANCE), Mouradian, Zadig, and Pojoga, Sorin
Abstract: This report results from a contract tasking CNRS as follows: Investigate the solar prominence - corona interface including space-time distribution measurements of differential emission and temperature. He will also measure electron densities and model the transition zone.
Published: 1994

7. Novel Macroporous PVdF based separators for supercapacitors

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Jean-yves Sanchez;Jean-claude Lepretre, Karabelli, Duygu, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Jean-yves Sanchez;Jean-claude Lepretre, and Karabelli, Duygu
Abstract: In recent years a strong interest has been devoted to supercapacitor technology. However, while great attention has been paid to electrodes, electrolytes and gel polymer electrolytes, only few reports have been dedicated to macroporous separators. Hereby, in the frame of project SEPBATT/DURAMAT, macroporous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) based separators were prepared by phase inversion technique for applications of supercapacitors. Their mechanical properties are relatively lower than those of commercial membranes nevertheless such membranes exhibit good thermal stability. Whereas commercial cellulose based separators filled with tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate + CH3CN electrolyte show 10 mS/cm (at 25°C), our PVdF macroporous separators exhibit significantly higher conductivity (18 mS/cm) under the same conditions. This study was completed with application of reinforcement techniques (addition of composites, crosslinking by irradiation) on to previously prepared membranes in order to increase their mechanical strength. Reinforced membranes showed good high mechanical strength whereas the ionic conductivity is almost maintained (15mS/cm)., La technologie supercondensateur a fait l'objet d'un grand intérêt ces dernières années. Cependant, tandis qu'une grande attention a été donnée aux électrodes, aux électrolytes et aux électrolytes de polymère gélifiée, peu d'études ont été centrées sur l'amélioration des séparateurs macroporeux. Dans le cadre du projet SEPBATT/DURAMAT, les séparateurs macroporeux à base de poly(fluorure de vinylidène) (PVdF) ont été préparés par inversion de phase, pour les supercondensateurs. Nos membranes présentent également une bonne stabilité thermique, en revanche leurs propriétés mécaniques sont significativement plus faibles que celles des membranes commerciales. De plus le séparateur PVdF de porosité 80% rempli par l'électrolyte à base d'AN atteint, à 25°C, 18mS/cm, tandis que dans les mêmes conditions mais avec le séparateur commercial en cellulose, la conductivité n'atteint que 10 mS/cm. Ce travail a été complété par l'étude de techniques de renforcement (addition de composites, réticulation par l'irradiation) appliquées aux membranes précédemment préparées, pour augmenter leur tenue mécanique. Ces membranes ont montré un renforcement des propriétés mécaniques sans nuire aux propriétés de conduction ionique (15 mS/cm).

8. Development of lithium-sulfur batteries

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Fannie Alloin, Barchasz, Céline, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Fannie Alloin, and Barchasz, Céline
Abstract: This work aimed at better understanding the Li/S cell discharge mechanism and itslimiting parameters. A general conclusion was following from these data: the Li/Ssystem is mainly limited by the passivation process of the sulfur positive electrode,occurring at the end of discharge. Insulating lithium polysulfides precipitate on thepositive electrode surface, thus leading to a gradual loss of the electrode activesurface and to the early end of discharge. As a consequence, the electrochemicalperformances can be significantly improved by working either on the positiveelectrode morphology or on the organic electrolyte composition. Increasing thespecific surface of the positive electrode enables to increase the amount ofpolysulfide compounds that can precipitate on the electrode, thus delaying the fullpassivation of the sulfur electrode and the end of discharge. Working on the organicelectrolyte composition enables to increase the polysulfide solubility and to preventthem from quickly precipitating, thus delaying the end of discharge too. To thispurpose, PEGDME solvents seem to be quite promising. Finally, a possiblemechanism for sulfur reduction in ether-based electrolytes could be proposed., Ces travaux ont permis d'approfondir les connaissances du mécanisme de déchargepeu conventionnel de l'accumulateur Li/S et de ses limitations. L'ensemble desrésultats a convergé vers une unique conclusion, à savoir que le système Li/S estprincipalement limité par le phénomène de passivation de l'électrode positive en finde décharge. Les polysulfures de lithium à chaines courtes précipitent à la surface del'électrode positive de soufre. Isolants électroniques, ils sont responsables de la perteprogressive de surface active de l'électrode et de la fin prématurée de la décharge.Ainsi, les performances électrochimiques ont pu être significativement améliorées entravaillant sur la morphologie de l'électrode positive, et sur la composition del'électrolyte. En augmentant la surface spécifique de l'électrode, la quantité depolysulfures de lithium qui peut précipiter en fin de décharge est augmentée, et lapassivation totale de l'électrode est retardée. En augmentant la solubilité despolysulfures de lithium dans l'électrolyte, la précipitation des espèces est retardée etla décharge prolongée. Dans cette optique, les solvants de type PEGDME semblentêtre les plus prometteurs à ce jour. Enfin, un mécanisme possible de réduction dusoufre en électrolyte de type éther a pu être proposé.

9. Development of copper electroplating processes for Through Silicon Via (TSV) metallization

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Eric Chainet, Cuzzocrea, Julien, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Eric Chainet, and Cuzzocrea, Julien
Abstract: Nowadays, 2D integration shows serious limitations when it comes to manufacturing devices with increased functionality and performance. In this context, 3D integration approaches using Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) have been investigated as a promising solution to fabricate tomorrow's microelectronics devices. In this architecture, the key challenge is the metallization of high aspect ratios (>5) TSVs by copper electrochemical deposition (Cu ECD). This metallization sequence includes barrier and seed layer deposition followed copper filling. This study is focused on seed layer deposition and TSV filling. Usually, the seed layer is grown by sputtering based deposition techniques (PVD). This technique suffers from limited sidewall coverage, eventually leading to electrical discontinuity in the features. In this work, an electrolytic process called Seed Layer Enhancement (SLE) has been investigated as a solution to improve copper seed continuity. For this purpose, copper nucleation on the resistive barrier material has been optimized using a specific surface treatment to remove native oxide on samples surface. As a result, the SLE process has been successfully inserted in the metallization sequence, as testified by good electrical performances. These promising results open the route to an alternative solution to PVD using an electrochemical process performed directly on the barrier diffusion layer (Direct On Barrier). On the other hand, two electrolytes (an old and a new generation) have been evaluated as solutions for TSV filling. In each case, the impact of additives on copper deposition and superfilling mechanism were analyzed by voltammetric and chronopotentiometric measurements on rotating disk electrode. This study shows two different filling behaviors, close to damascene electrolyte with the older generation electrolyte, and a bottom-up filling with the last generation. The main difference comes from the action of the inhibiting additive during the filling process, La miniaturisation nécessaire à l'accroissement des performances des composants microélectroniques est en passe d'atteindre ses limites. Ainsi, une nouvelle approche dite " intégration 3D " semble prometteuse pour outrepasser les limitations observées. Cette nouvelle intégration consiste à empiler les différentes puces qui sont reliées entre elles par des vias appelées Through Silicon Vias (TSV). L'une des clés pour la réalisation de circuits en 3 dimensions est la métallisation des TSVs. Cette dernière nécessite les dépôts d'une barrière et d'une couche d'accroche qui sert à initier le remplissage par électrolyse. Ces travaux s'intéressent plus spécifiquement à la réalisation de la couche d'accroche et au remplissage des TSVs.La couche d'accroche est généralement déposée par pulvérisation, ce qui ne permet pas d'obtenir une couverture de marche satisfaisante pour la réalisation du remplissage. Cette étude propose une solution électrolytique appelée SLE (Seed Layer Enhancement) qui permet de restaurer la continuité de la couche d'accroche déposée par PVD. L'application de ce procédé associé à un traitement de désoxydation de la surface permet l'optimisation de la nucléation du cuivre et donc la réalisation d'une couche de cuivre continue et conforme. Le procédé SLE a été intégré à la séquence de métallisation et a démontré sa capacité à initier un remplissage superconforme. De plus, des tests électriques ont confirmé l'efficacité du procédé SLE une fois intégré. Ces expériences ont ouvert la voie à l'étude du dépôt électrolytique de cuivre direct sur la barrière à la diffusion du cuivre, c'est le procédé Direct On Barrier. Les premiers résultats ont permis de démontrer la possibilité de déposer une couche de cuivre conforme sur des barrières résistives. Le second volet de ces travaux s'intéresse au remplissage par électrolyse des TSVs. Dans ce but, deux électrolytes (d'ancienne et de nouvelle génération) ont été considérés. L'effet des additifs sur le dépôt et leurs

10. Heat transfer intensification by means of ultrasound, towards a new kind of heat exchanger

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Nicolas Gondrexon, Legay, Mathieu, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Nicolas Gondrexon, and Legay, Mathieu
Abstract: This work deals with the influence of ultrasound on heat transfer. It relies on the conception of a new kind of heat exchanger, whose structure can be set into vibration at its resonance frequency in the ultrasonic range : 35 kHz. The influence of ultrasound on heat transfer enhancement was thus directly observed within the system. The literature survey showed the originality of this work, corresponding to a first approach of a fluid-fluid heat exchanger. The conception of the heat exchanger, of the test rig and acquisition system both especially dedicated was the main object of the first part of this work. Then, the development of methods for the analysis of energetic performances and their implementation constituted the second part. Finally, various operating configurations (flow regimes, hydraulic configurations, constitutive materials, ...) have been studied. Besides, the potential of ultrasound concerning fouling reduction inside the structure was also highlighted., Ce travail de thèse concerne l'étude de l'influence des ultrasons sur les transferts de chaleur. Il a été réalisé à partir de la conception d'un échangeur de chaleur dont la structure peut être mise en vibration à sa fréquence de résonance dans la gamme des ondes ultrasonores : 35 kHz. L'influence des ultrasons sur l'augmentation des transferts thermiques a ainsi pu être mise en évidence directement au sein du système. L'étude bibliographique a mis en avant l'originalité de ce travail, qui correspond à une première approche relative à un échangeur fluide-fluide. La conception de l'échangeur, du banc d'essais et du système d'acquisition dédiés a fait l'objet de la première partie de ce travail. Ensuite, la mise au point de méthodes pour l'analyse des performances énergétiques et leur implémentation ont constitué une deuxième partie. Enfin, des configurations opératoires variées (régimes d'écoulement, configurations hydrauliques, matériaux constitutifs, ...) ont pu être étudiées. De plus, le potentiel des ultrasons quant à la réduction de l'encrassement au sein de l'échangeur a aussi été mis en évidence.

11. Electro-deposition and characterization of palladium nanofilms on Au(111) for hydrogen storage

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Yvonne Soldo-Olivier, Wang, Liang, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Yvonne Soldo-Olivier, and Wang, Liang
Abstract: This thesis focused on electro-deposition, characterization andhydrogen strorage of ultrathin palladium film over Au(111). Theelectrochemical characterization of the nanofilms in sulphuric mediumshows well-defined features evolving with the deposit thickness. Wecould assign each peak to a specific reaction, in agreement with thegrowth mechanisms revealed by in situ SXRD measurements. Thepseudomorphic growth of the 1st layer firstly undergoes an adsorptionstep, followed by nucleation and growth mechanism, as shown bycurrent transient measurements. 3D growth of the 3rd layer beginsbefore the completion of the second pseudomorphic one.Hydrogen absorption in the nanofilms was studied in sulphuric mediumas well. Isotherms show an enlargement of the solid solution domain, asloppy plateau in the two-phase region, a decrease of maximuminsertion ratio (H/Pd)max compared to bulk Pd. This last valuedecreases with film thickness, approaching bulk Pd beyond about15 ML. Two contributions were considered to explain the isothermbehaviour: the two first Pd layers heavily constraint by the substrateand the 3D "towers like" relaxed structures growing on the secondpseudomorphic Pd layer., Ce travail de thèse s'est intéressé au dépôt électrochimique de filmsde palladium ultra-minces sur Au(111), à leur caractérisation et àl'insertion d'hydrogène dans ceux-ci. La caractérisation des nanofilmsen milieu sulfurique montre des signatures bien définies, qui évoluentavec l'épaisseur des dépôts. Nous avons pu attribuer à chaque pic uneréaction spécifique, en accord avec les mécanismes de croissancerévélés par les mesures SXRD in situ. La croissance pseudomorphede la 1ère couche se fait avec une première étape d'adsorption, suiviepar un mécanisme de nucléation et croissance. La croissance 3D de latroisième couche démarre avant la fin de la deuxième couchepseudomorphe.L'absorption d'hydrogène dans les nanofilms a été étudiée en milieusulfurique. L'isotherme d'insertion présente un élargissement dudomaine de la solution solide, un plateau avec une pente dans ledomaine bi-phasique et une diminution du taux maximal d'insertion del'hydrogène par rapport au Pd massif. Ce taux diminue avecl'épaisseur mai approche celui de Pd massif au déla delà de 15 MC.Deux éléments ont été considérés pour expliquer le comportement desisothermes: les deux premières couches pseudomorphes sontcontraintes par le support et des " tours " tridimensionnelles relaxéesse forment au delà de la 2ème couche.

12. PEMFC electrocatalyst aging mecanisms

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Marian Chatenet, Vion-Dury, Benoit, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Marian Chatenet, and Vion-Dury, Benoit
Abstract: This thesis is part of the durability of PEMFC and is particularly interested in the degradation of electrocatalysts of type Pt / C that are used within their electrodes. The objective was to determine mechanisms responsible for their degradation, by combining experiments in electrochemical cell with three electrodes, transmission electron microscopy and scanning, and mass spectrometry (DEMS). Initially we have shown that the characterization methods used can influence the degradation observed. Thus, the morphology of Pt nanocatalysts / C may be altered by the TEM observation itself, as does the sequence of measurements by CO-stripping., Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la durabilité des PEMFC et s'intéresse plus particulièrement à la dégradation des électrocatalyseurs de type Pt/C qui sont utilisés dans leurs électrodes. L'objectif visé était la détermination des mécanismes responsables de leur dégradation, par combinaison d'expériences d'électrochimie en cellule à trois électrodes, de microscopie électronique en transmission et à balayage, et de spectrométrie de masse (DEMS). Dans un premier temps nous avons mis en évidence que les méthodes de caractérisation employées peuvent influencer les dégradations observées. Ainsi, la morphologie des nanocatalyseurs Pt/C peut-être altérée par l'observation MET elle même, comme d'ailleurs par la séquence de mesures par CO-stripping.

13. Synthesis of conducting polymer anionic.

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Dominique Picq;Regis Mercier, Leray, Ludovic, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Dominique Picq;Regis Mercier, and Leray, Ludovic
Abstract: The work reported in this thesis is the development of proton and anion conducting materials for applications such as membrane or binders electrodes. The first approach is the formation of polymers for the anionic membranes design. To perform it, two types of tertiary amine functions have been grafted along the polysulfones chain, then converted to ammonium rendering data anionic conductive. The grafted functions types are dimethylamino and N, N dimethylaminomethyl. Different series of polysulfones were prepared by varying the rate of amine functions grafted. For polysulfones with dimethyalmino functions, the results show that the thermal stability of ammonium functions is too low to be used in anion conductive membranes design. In the second type of amine, membranes having a maximum conductivity of 40 mS.cm-1 to a moisture content of 95% and a temperature of 100 °C have been obtained. In addition, for the electrodes binders design, the synthesis of fluorinated ethers polyarylenes anionic conductors has been completed. Then, a series of polymers was carried out by varying the rate of amine introduced. The molar masses were controlled to allow polymers to be sufficiently soluble for the dissolution. Conductivity values are around 35 mS.cm-1. Finally, the design of membrane proton polymers synthesized with previously dimethylamino functions has been chosen. These polymers were subsequently doped with phosphoric acid and the conductivity of the resulting membranes has been tested in anhydrous condition. The results obtained for this kind of material is 160 mS.cm-1 for a doping level of 50%. However, for high doping level, conductivity obtained was higher (260 mS.cm-1) but the membranes lost their mechanical properties, while for low doping levels (about 18%), the conductivities obtained were low., Le travail reporté dans ce manuscrit concerne l'élaboration de matériaux conducteurs protoniques et anioniques destinés à une application en tant que membrane ou liants d'électrodes. Tout d'abord, la première approche consiste en la formation de polymères pour la conception de membranes anioniques. Pour cela, 2 types de fonctions amine tertiaire ont été greffés le long de la chaîne des polysulfones, puis transformés en ammonium pour leur donner un caractère conducteur anionique. Les fonctions greffées sont de types diméthylamino et N,N diméthylaminométhyle. Différentes séries de polysulfones ont été élaborées en faisant varier le taux de fonctions amine greffées. Pour les polysulfones comportant les fonctions diméthyalmino, les résultats montrent que la stabilité thermique des fonctions ammonium est trop faible pour les utiliser pour la conception de membranes conductrices anioniques. Pour le deuxième type de fonctions amine, des membranes ayant une conductivité maximum de 40 mS.cm-1 pour un taux d'humidité de 95% et une température de 100°C ont été obtenu. Par ailleurs, pour la conception de liants d'électrodes, la synthèse de polyarylènes éthers fluorés conducteurs anioniques a été effectuée. Là encore, une série de polymères a été réalisée en faisant varier le taux de fonctions amine introduit. Les masses molaires ont été controlées pour permettre aux polymères d'être suffisamment soluble pour la mise en solution. Les valeurs de conductivités sont de l'ordre de 35 mS.cm-1. Enfin, pour la conception de membrane protonique, les polymères synthétisés précédemment avec les fonctions diméthylamino ont été utilisés. Ces polymères ont été par la suite dopés à l'aide d'acide phosphorique et la conductivité des membranes obtenues a été testée en condition anhydre. Les résultats obtenus pour ce genre de matériaux est de 160 mS.cm-1 pour un taux de dopage de 50%. En revanche, pour des forts taux de dopage, la conductivité obtenue était plus forte (260 mS.cm-1) mais les memb

14. Combining methods for improved safety and energy managment of Li-ion batteries application.

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Pierre-Xavier Thivel, Kircheva, Nina, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Pierre-Xavier Thivel, and Kircheva, Nina
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that the Acoustic Emission (AE) is an appropriate technique for diagnostics of for state of charge, state of health and state of safety for lithium-ion batteries. The availability and optimization of the latter issues are key points for both performance and durability improvements of this technology. The frame of this document is organized in two main result chapters focused on AE study of two different Li-ion technologies. The beginning of the thesis is focused on the monitoring of the SEI formation by AE and the first lithium ion intercalation inside the graphite structure for LiFePO4/C cells. AE events coming from different sources have been analyzed and identified. It was found that they correspond to gas emission (bubbles) and cracking phenomena (opening on the edge of the graphene plane when the SEI is formed and spacing when lithium graphite insertion stages are completed). Further, a study of the calendar aging process supported by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy linked the aging rate with the mechanism of the SEI formation characterized by AE monitoring. The second part of the thesis studied of lithium ion insertion/extraction in LiAl/LiMnO2 cells combining a variety of techniques including electrochemical characterization, AE monitoring and post-mortem analysis in order to evaluate the degradation mechanisms. It was found that during the cycling, the acoustic events are much more intensive during the discharge process and they can be attributed mainly to the alloy were the phase transformation from -LiAl to -LiAl and a huge volume expansion occurs. It was found that battery operation under abusive conditions (overcharge, overdischarge) can be detected by AE providing new rates for battery safety management., L'objectif de cette thèse est de démontrer que l'Emission Acoustique (AE) est une technique appropriée pour devenir un outil de diagnostic de l'état de charge, de santé et de sécurité pour les batteries lithium-ion. Ces questions sont actuellement des points clés important pour l'amélioration des performances et des durées de vie de la technologie. La structure de ce document est organisée en deux principaux chapitres expérimetaux l'un consacré à deséléments lithium-ion composés de composés d'intercalation et l'autre à desalliages de lithium.Dans le premier cas, les résultats présentés concernent le suivi par AE de la formation de la SEI et de la première intercalation des ions lithium dans la structure du graphite pour des éléments LiFePO4/C. Les événements AE provenant de plusieurs sources ont été identifiés et correspondent à la formation de gaz (bulles) et à des phénomènes de craquelures (ouvertures du bord des plans de graphène quand la SEI est formée et l'écartement quand les stades d'insertion du graphite-lithium sont finis). De plus, une étude par spectroscopie d'impédance a été menée durant un vieillissement calendaire en température sur des éléments formés à différents régimes de courant. Dans le second cas, le mécanisme d'insertion/extraction du lithium dans des éléments LiAl/LiMnO2 a été étudié en associant plusieurs techniques incluant des techniques électrochimiques, AE et post-mortem pour évaluer les mécanismes de dégradation. Lors du cyclage, les événements acoustiques sont plus intenses lors du processus de décharge et ils peuvent être attribués principalement à l'alliage avec la transformation de phase de -LiAl en -LiAl accompagnée d'une expansion volumique importante. L'émission acoustique peut ainsi offrir une nouvelle approche pour gérer le fonctionnement des technologies lithium-ion basées non plus seulement sur des paramètres électrochimiques classiques mais aussi sur des paramètres acoustiques. Des nouveaux d'états de santé et de sécurité p

15. Pt/C and Pt-Co/C nanostructured electrocatalysts deposed on high surface area study : morphological and compositional effects on oxygen reduction reaction

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Marian Chatenet, Nikkuni, Flavio, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces ; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de Grenoble, Marian Chatenet, and Nikkuni, Flavio
Abstract: In this study the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of Pt/C, Pt3Co/C and PtCo/C electrocatalysts supported on high surface area carbon (Vulcan XC-72) was correlated to their structural, morphological and compositional changes experienced after accelerated aging tests. The electrolytes were sulfuric acid at several concentrations and Nafion® ionomer membrane. These tests are based on different protocols that consisted of stepping the potential or keeping the electrode polarized at fixed potentials. The protocols which used steps consisted of stepping the potential during 1 minute for 15 hours overall successively between 0.9 and 0.1 V vs. ERH, 0.9 and 0.6 V vs. ERH, 1.05 and 0.10 V vs. ERH and 1.05 and 0.65 V vs. ERH. For the aging at fixed polarization (15 hours), the following potentials were used: 0.9, 0.6 and 0.1 V vs. ERH. After the 0.9 - 0.1 V vs. ERH aging in aqueous acidic solution, the Pt-Co/C catalysts showed no changes in the activity, while for Pt/C an improvement was seen. However for 1.05 - 0.10 V vs. ERH for Pt/C there was also an improvement while for the other catalysts there was a decrease of the activity. For all other protocols, a loss in activity was observed for all catalysts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (X-EDS) analyses were used to characterize the as received and aged catalysts. A particularity of this work is the use of identical location transmission electron microscopy (ILTEM) technique, with the objective of analyzing the same electrode regions or particles before and after the accelerated ageing processes, so that it was possible to follow all the morphological, structural and compositional changes caused by the catalyst aging processes. The catalysts were compared before and after aging regarding the mean particle size, shape, particle density and composition and correlating these with the catalytic activity. Generally it was observed that the degradation correspond to, Ce travail de thèse a concerné l'étude du comportement de nanoparticules d'électrocatalyseurs à base de Pt et Co déposées sur carbone de grande aire développée (Pt/C, PtCo/C et Pt3Co/C) en conditions représentative d'un fonctionnement à la cathode d'une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons. Dans une première phase, des électrodes modèles de ces matériaux ont été préparées sur des embouts de carbone vitreux compatibles avec une utilisation en montage d'électrode à disque tournant en milieu acide sulfurique, pour étudier l'évolution des performances électrochimiques (adsorption/désorption de l'hydrogène, Hupd, électrooxydation d'une monocouche de CO adsorbée à la surface du catalyseur : " CO-stripping ", cinétique d'électroréduction de l'oxygène) après cyclage accéléré de potentiel (0,1 à 0,9 V vs. RHE et 0,6 à 0,9 V vs. RHE par créneaux d'une minute à chaque potentiel). Ces mesures électrochimiques ont été complétées par des observations statistiques par microscopie électronique en transmission (TEM) et fluorescence X (X-EDS) avant/après ces vieillissements sur des prélèvements représentatifs des couches actives. Les résultats montrent que le cobalt est irréversiblement oxydé/dissous des alliages Pt-Co et que la maturation d'Ostwald advient (pour le Pt) spécialement lorsque la borne inférieure de potentiel est fixée à 0,1 V vs. RHE. Ces mesures statistiques ont été confirmées par des expériences de MET en localisation identique (ILTEM), dans lesquelles les mêmes nanoparticules sont physiquement observées avant/après électrochimie réalisée sur la grille de microscopie[1]. Dans un second temps, des vieillissements identiques ont été mis en œuvre sur les mêmes matériaux électrocatalytiques en électrolyte polymère (Nafion), plus représentatif des conditions PEMFC, par utilisation d'une ultramicroélectrode à cavité et d'une " cellule sèche " dans laquelle le seul électrolyte est le Nafion (il n'y a donc pas d'électrolyte liquide). Dans ces conditions, plus

16. Dynamics of the insertion reaction C1D H2: A comparison of crossed molecular beam experiments with quasiclassical trajectory and quantum mechanical scattering calculationsThis paper was written as part of the EC Research Training Network on Reaction Dynamics (HPRN-CT-1999-00007).

Author: Balucani, Nadia, Capozza, Giovanni, CartechiniPresent address: Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari ISTM, Laura, Chi, Dipartimento di, BergeatPresent address: Laboratoire de Physico Chimie Moleculaire, Astrid, I, Université Bordeaux, Talence, F, BobbenkampPresent address: Fakultät für Physik, Rolf, Bielefeld, Universität, Bielefeld, Germany., Casavecchia, Piergiorgio, Javier Aoiz, F., Bañares, Luis, Honvault, Pascal, Bussery-Honvault, Béatrice, and Launay, Jean-Michel
Abstract: In this paper we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the dynamics of the prototype insertion reaction C1D H2. Product angular and velocity distributions have been obtained in crossed beam experiments at two collision energies of 7.8 and 16.0 kJ mol−1. Quasiclassical trajectory QCT and quantum mechanical QM scattering calculations have been carried out on a recent accurate ab initiopotential energy surface at the energies of the experiments. The molecular beam results have been simulated using the theoretical calculations. Reasonably good agreement between experiment and theory is found.
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Bibliography on the thermodynamic properties of ternary metallic systems

Author: Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques,, Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques (LTPCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), and LTPCM
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]
Abstract: The present compilation of publications on the thermodynamic properties of ternary metallic systems excluding those containing non-metals( C,O,H,N,S...) lanthanide and actinide elements is mainly taken from the "Index Thermochimique" 1964. This list, which is not exhaustive, is part of a collection of references whic includes mainly thermodynamic properties and some phase diagrams on binary and multicomponent systems covering most of the combination of elements of the periodic table. These references, being computer-stored, can be extracted for any set of systemes required
Published: 1974

18. A review of existing modelling methodologies for PEM fuel cell systems

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Astier, S., Boulon, L., Bouscayrol, A., Bultel, Y., Candusso, D., Caux, S., Chupin, S., Colmart, T., Coquery, G., Davat, B., De Bernardinis, A., Deseure, J., Didierjean, S., Dillet, J., Druart, F., Fadel, M., Fontes, G., François, B., Grandidier, J.C., Harel, F., Hilairet, M., Hiraje, M., Jeme, S., Lottin, O., Madier, L., Maranzana, G., Montemaniov, S., Nguyen, Diem, Ortéga, L., Outbib, R., Pera, M.C, Raël, S., Rétière, Nicolas, Riu, Delphine, Sailler, Sébastien, Talj, R., Zhou, T., Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Astier, S., Boulon, L., Bouscayrol, A., Bultel, Y., Candusso, D., Caux, S., Chupin, S., Colmart, T., Coquery, G., Davat, B., De Bernardinis, A., Deseure, J., Didierjean, S., Dillet, J., Druart, F., Fadel, M., Fontes, G., François, B., Grandidier, J.C., Harel, F., Hilairet, M., Hiraje, M., Jeme, S., Lottin, O., Madier, L., Maranzana, G., Montemaniov, S., Nguyen, Diem, Ortéga, L., Outbib, R., Pera, M.C, Raël, S., Rétière, Nicolas, Riu, Delphine, Sailler, Sébastien, Talj, R., and Zhou, T.
Abstract: International audience

19. Use of inverse methods in electrochemical problems : finding corroded areas of underwater structures from close electric potential measures

Author: Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Groupe d'études sous marines de l'Atlantique (GESMA) ; DGA/GESMA, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Guibert, Arnaud, Chadebec, Olivier, Coulomb, Jean-Louis, Rannou, Corinne, Nogueira, R., Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Groupe d'études sous marines de l'Atlantique (GESMA) ; DGA/GESMA, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Guibert, Arnaud, Chadebec, Olivier, Coulomb, Jean-Louis, Rannou, Corinne, and Nogueira, R.
Abstract: International audience

20. The effect of diffferent cross-linking agents on the properties of hybrid films

Author: Natl Inst Chem & Petrochem ICECHIM ; Aucune, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de BucarestBucharest ; Aucune, Purcar, V., Donescu, D., Ghiurea, M., Serban, S., Petcu, C., Pagnier, Thierry, Podina, C., Natl Inst Chem & Petrochem ICECHIM ; Aucune, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université de BucarestBucharest ; Aucune, Purcar, V., Donescu, D., Ghiurea, M., Serban, S., Petcu, C., Pagnier, Thierry, and Podina, C.
Abstract: International audience, Organic-inorganic hybrid films were prepared by sol-gel method, using different alkoxysilanes. All formulations were enriched with tetraisopropyl orthotitanate (TIP) or aluminium sec-butoxide (ASB), used as cross-linking agent. Thermal stabilities of the final hybrid films were evaluated and it was observed that the films with ASB, present a temperatures at which the maximum degradation rate (TVmax) is much lower than films with TIP. This effect is probably due to the presence of AlOH groups, which can play a role of catalyst over organic chains degradation.

21. Ship Corrosion Diagnosis and ELF Prediction from Electrical Measurements

Author: Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Groupe d'études sous marines de l'Atlantique (GESMA) ; DGA/GESMA, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Guibert, Arnaud, Chadebec, Olivier, Coulomb, Jean-Louis, Rannou, Corinne, Nogueira, Ricardo, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Groupe d'études sous marines de l'Atlantique (GESMA) ; DGA/GESMA, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Guibert, Arnaud, Chadebec, Olivier, Coulomb, Jean-Louis, Rannou, Corinne, and Nogueira, Ricardo
Abstract: International audience

22. Corrosion diagnosis from electrical measurements

Author: Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Groupe d'études sous marines de l'Atlantique (GESMA) ; DGA/GESMA, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Guibert, Arnaud, Coulomb, Jean-Louis, Chadebec, Olivier, Rannou, Corinne, Nogueira, Ricardo, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Groupe d'études sous marines de l'Atlantique (GESMA) ; DGA/GESMA, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Guibert, Arnaud, Coulomb, Jean-Louis, Chadebec, Olivier, Rannou, Corinne, and Nogueira, Ricardo
Abstract: International audience

23. Nouveaux réseaux interpénétrés de polymères et leurs applications

Author: ICGM IAM ; ICGM, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN) ; CEA, Laboratoire matériaux organiques à propriétés spécifiques (LMOPS) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères - Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux (IMP-LMPB) ; Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I (UCBL) - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées [INSA] - Lyon - CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI) ; Université de Cergy Pontoise, Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819) ; CEA - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - CNRS, ANR AMEIRICC, Ameduri, Bruno, Morin, Arnaud, Mercier, Regis, Espuche, Eliane, Fichet, O., Chikh, Linda, Gebel, G., ICGM IAM ; ICGM, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN) ; CEA, Laboratoire matériaux organiques à propriétés spécifiques (LMOPS) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères - Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux (IMP-LMPB) ; Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I (UCBL) - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées [INSA] - Lyon - CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI) ; Université de Cergy Pontoise, Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819) ; CEA - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - CNRS, ANR AMEIRICC, Ameduri, Bruno, Morin, Arnaud, Mercier, Regis, Espuche, Eliane, Fichet, O., Chikh, Linda, and Gebel, G.

24. Fuel cell diagnosis with near magnetic field measurements.

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Phelma ; PHELMA, Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information (LETI) ; CEA, Le Ny, Mathieu, Chadebec, Olivier, Cauffet, Gilles, Bultel, Yann, Dedulle, Jean-Marc, Rosini, Sébastien, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Phelma ; PHELMA, Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information (LETI) ; CEA, Le Ny, Mathieu, Chadebec, Olivier, Cauffet, Gilles, Bultel, Yann, Dedulle, Jean-Marc, and Rosini, Sébastien
Abstract: International audience

25. Raman characterization of boron-doped {111} homoepitaxial diamond layers

Author: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Laboratoire de physique des solides et de cristallogénèse (LPSC) ; CNRS - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Propriétés Electroniques des Solides (LEPES) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), SC2G ; Laboratoire d'Etudes des Propriétés Electroniques des Solides (LEPES) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, Mermoux, Michel, Jomard, F., Tavarès, C., Omnès, Franck, Bustarret, Etienne, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Laboratoire de physique des solides et de cristallogénèse (LPSC) ; CNRS - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Propriétés Electroniques des Solides (LEPES) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), SC2G ; Laboratoire d'Etudes des Propriétés Electroniques des Solides (LEPES) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, Mermoux, Michel, Jomard, F., Tavarès, C., Omnès, Franck, and Bustarret, Etienne
Abstract: International audience, p-type {111} homoepitaxial diamond layers were grown by Microwave Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition. The variation of the gas phase boron concentration led to solid-state incorporation of boron in the 6 · 10163 · 1021 cm 3 range. Confocal Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging have been used to investigate this series of homoepitaxial films. As already observed for undoped or phosphorous-doped {111} epilayers, a first noticeable feature was the presence of many sharp and weak lines peaking at random in the 5002000 cm 1 range. These peaks were all the most observed that the doping level was low. A number of boron-related Raman lines centered at about 610, 925, 1045 cm 1 were observed for solid state boron concentrations in the 1.5 · 10189 · 1019 cm 3 range. Above a boron concentration of 3 · 1020 cm 3, the usual Raman signal of heavily boron-doped diamond was recorded. The thickness of the epitaxial layers, in the 0.22 μm range, was too low to allow a more detailed analysis of the zone-center diamond optical phonon.

26. Estimation d'état de bioprocédés par un observateur linéaire commuté ensembliste

Author: GCSP ; Laboratoire d'automatique de Grenoble (LAG) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Centre de recherche en automatique de Nancy (CRAN) ; CNRS - Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I - Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL) - CNRS - Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I - Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL) - LABORATOIRE G-SCOP (LGS) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production (G-SCOP) ; Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - CNRS, GCSP ; Laboratoire d'automatique de Grenoble (LAG) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - LABORATOIRE G-SCOP (LGS) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production (G-SCOP) ; Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Adrot, Olivier, Flaus, Jean-Marie, Magnin, Jean-Pierre, GCSP ; Laboratoire d'automatique de Grenoble (LAG) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Centre de recherche en automatique de Nancy (CRAN) ; CNRS - Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I - Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL) - CNRS - Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I - Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL) - LABORATOIRE G-SCOP (LGS) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production (G-SCOP) ; Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - CNRS, GCSP ; Laboratoire d'automatique de Grenoble (LAG) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - LABORATOIRE G-SCOP (LGS) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production (G-SCOP) ; Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Adrot, Olivier, Flaus, Jean-Marie, and Magnin, Jean-Pierre
Abstract: National audience, The objective consists in estimating some state variables of a bioreactor, which can not be easily measured in practice. This estimation is based on a switching model, i.e. a set of linear time-discrete state-space models. The set-membership approach is used to take model uncertainties and accuracy of sensor measurements into account. It allows to compute an enclosure containing state variables to be estimated.

27. A composite material made of carbon nanotubes partially embedded in a nanocrystalline diamond film

Author: SC2G ; Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, SC2G ; Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819) ; CEA - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - CNRS - CEA - CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), SC2G ; Laboratoire d'Etudes des Propriétés Electroniques des Solides (LEPES) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS) ; CEA, Hébert, Clément, Ruffinatto, Sébastien, Eon, David, Mermoux, Michel, Gheeraert, Etienne, Omnès, Franck, Mailley, Pascal, SC2G ; Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, SC2G ; Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819) ; CEA - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - CNRS - CEA - CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI) ; CNRS - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), SC2G ; Laboratoire d'Etudes des Propriétés Electroniques des Solides (LEPES) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS) ; CEA, Hébert, Clément, Ruffinatto, Sébastien, Eon, David, Mermoux, Michel, Gheeraert, Etienne, Omnès, Franck, and Mailley, Pascal
Abstract: International audience, A composite material, made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) partially embedded in a nanocrystalline diamond film was produced. The diamond film was first decorated with palladium or nickel nanoparticles. An array of nanopores was drilled in the film in a hot filament CVD (HFCVD) reactor thanks to the anisotropic etching that takes place under the nanoparticles. During this etching process, the metallic particles penetrate the diamond film to a controlled depth, thus remaining at the bottom of the nanopores. The buried nanoparticles remain catalytically active and are used to grow a multiwall carbon nanotube forest using HFCVD in the same reactor without breaking the vacuum. The quality of the CNTs was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The interface between the carbon nanotubes and the diamond was characterized by ultrasonication, lateral force microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As a result of these characterizations, we demonstrate that the buried carbon nanotubes exhibit higher mechanical stability and improved electrical behavior compared to CNTs directly grown on the diamond surface.

28. Identification du comportement mécanique dynamique de métaux par un essai d'expansion électromagnétique de tube

Author: DFMS ; Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF) ; CNRS - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - CNRS - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF) ; CNRS - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, DFMS ; Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, DFMS ; Laboratoire de combustion et de détonique (LCD) ; CNRS - CNRS - Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques (LTPCM) ; CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, Jeanson, Anne-Claire, Avrillaud, G., Mazars, G., Bay, François, Massoni, Elisabeth, Jacques, Nicolas, Arrigoni, Michel, DFMS ; Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF) ; CNRS - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - CNRS - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF) ; CNRS - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, DFMS ; Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, DFMS ; Laboratoire de combustion et de détonique (LCD) ; CNRS - CNRS - Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques (LTPCM) ; CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, Jeanson, Anne-Claire, Avrillaud, G., Mazars, G., Bay, François, Massoni, Elisabeth, Jacques, Nicolas, and Arrigoni, Michel
Abstract: International audience

29. Study of the capabilities of an ALE bi-material fluid simulation for solving the cavity expansion and collapse during an Hydrodynamic Ram event

Author: Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, DFMS ; Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, DFMS ; Laboratoire de combustion et de détonique (LCD) ; CNRS - CNRS - Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques (LTPCM) ; CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, Fourest, T., Dupas, J., Deletombe, E., Laurens, Jean-Marc, Arrigoni, Michel, Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, DFMS ; Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, DFMS ; Laboratoire de combustion et de détonique (LCD) ; CNRS - CNRS - Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques (LTPCM) ; CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, Fourest, T., Dupas, J., Deletombe, E., Laurens, Jean-Marc, and Arrigoni, Michel

30. cure multiphysics couplings EFFECTS ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF A THICK EPOXY

Author: DFMS ; Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, DFMS ; Laboratoire de combustion et de détonique (LCD) ; CNRS - CNRS - Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques (LTPCM) ; CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, Laboratoire de combustion et de détonique (LCD) ; CNRS, Institut Pprime (PPRIME) ; CNRS - Université de Poitiers - ENSMA, Jochum, Christian, Arrigoni, Michel, Boustie, M., Grandidier, Jean-Claude, DFMS ; Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, DFMS ; Laboratoire de combustion et de détonique (LCD) ; CNRS - CNRS - Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques (LTPCM) ; CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Laboratoire brestois de mécanique et des systèmes (LBMS) ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, Laboratoire de combustion et de détonique (LCD) ; CNRS, Institut Pprime (PPRIME) ; CNRS - Université de Poitiers - ENSMA, Jochum, Christian, Arrigoni, Michel, Boustie, M., and Grandidier, Jean-Claude
Abstract: International audience

31. Microwave spectra of dinitrotoluene isomers: a new step towards the detection of explosive vapors

Author: Mhamad Chrayteh, Arnaud Cuisset, Anthony Roucou, Manuel Goubet, Pascal Dréan, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Physique Moléculaire aux Interfaces (PMI), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM), Université de Lille, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, and ANR-20-ASTR-0016,METIS,Recherche de vapeurs de marqueurs d'explosifs par taxonomie spectrale dans le domaine des ondes millimétriques(2020)
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The spectroscopic characterization of explosives taggants, like nitrotoluenes (NT) used for the TNT detection, is a research subject of growing interest. Recently, the spectroscopic studies of the three NT isomers in the microwave and millimeter-wave ranges were reported [1,2]. We present the gas-phase rotational spectroscopic study of weakly volatile dinitrotoluenes (DNT) isomers. The pure rotational spectrum of, 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT was recorded in microwave range (2-20 GHz) using a Fabry-Perot Fourier-transform microwave (FP-FTMW) technique coupled to a pulsed supersonic jet. The spectral analysis was supported by quantum chemical calculations carried out at the B98/cc-pvtz and MP2/cc-pvtz levels of theory. The spectra of DNT were complicated by the presence of two 14N nucleus giving rise to congested hyperfine structures. The methyl group internal rotation barriers were calculated at the B98/cc- pvtz level of theory to be V3=563 cm-1 and V3= 696 cm-1 for 2,4- and 2,6-DNT, respectively. Although no splitting due to internal rotation was observed for 2,6-DNT, several splittings were observed for 2,4-DNT and their analysis in under progress. The semi-rigid and the nuclear quadrupole couplings descriptions obtained from the spectral analysis are presented. An anisotropic internal rotation of the coupled -CH3 and -NO2 torsional motions, as already mentioned for 2-NT [1], will be discussed for 2,4-DNT.[1] A. Roucou, M. Goubet, I. Kleiner, S. Bteich, et A. Cuisset, ChemPhysChem, 21, 2523-2538 (2020).[2] A. Roucou, I. Kleiner, M. Goubet, S. Bteich, G. Mouret, R. Bocquet, F. Hindle, W. L. Meerts, et A. Cuisset, ChemPhysChem,, 19, 1056-1067 (2018).Acknowledgment: This work received financial support from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche via funding of the project Millimeter-wave Explosive Taggant vapors Investigations using Spectral taxonomy (METIS) under contract number ANR-20-ASTR-0016-03.
Published: 2022

32. Evaluation of hirst-type sampler and PM10 impactor for investigating adhesion of atmospheric particles onto allergenic pollen grains

Author: Antoine Roose, Marie Choël, Nicolas Visez, Mona Hamzé, Anne-Marie Blanchenet, Anastasia Ivanovsky, Karine Deboudt, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 [LASIRE], Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 [PC2A], Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère [LPCA], Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)
Subjects: Pollution, Pollutant, Mean diameter, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, Sampling (statistics), Plant Science, Adhesion, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Pollen, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Immunology and Allergy, Environmental science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: International audience; Hirst-type sampler (HTS) is the standard equipment for pollen sampling while cascade impactors are commonly used for particulate matter (PM) samplings. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of using such devices to reliably assess the atmospheric PM adhesion onto pollen grains (PGs). Birch PGs were deposited on sampling substrates and then exposed to ambient PM in each type of sampling device operating simultaneously. In the HTS, the surface of PGs was significantly polluted with PM during sampling (93.5% of polluted PGs with on average 4 particles per PG with a mean diameter of 2.2 µm). A modified entrance slit was tested and proved to significantly reduce the PM sampling artifact (28% of polluted PGs), although not completely canceling it. In contrast, in the PM10 impactor, all PGs remained free from particulate pollutants. We concluded that the PM pollution of PGs reported in previous studies using a HTS may be overestimated. While PG samplings using a HTS might provide insights into the co-exposure to allergenic pollen and other ambient PM, a size-selective aerosol sampler proves to be more appropriate for a reliable assessment of the extent of PM pollution of airborne pollen in order to give a realistic depiction of the physical and chemical state of ambient PGs that could be inhaled.
Published: 2020
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33. Solubilization and Stabilization of Membrane Proteins by Cycloalkane-Modified Amphiphilic Polymers

Author: Baptiste Michon, Christel Le Bon, Fabrice Giusti, Manuela Zoonens, Christophe Tribet, Anaïs Marconnet, Physico-chimie moléculaire des membranes biologiques (PCMMB), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés (PPMD), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de biologie physico-chimique des protéines membranaires (LBPC-PM (UMR_7099)), Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) with an '80PRIME' grant, the University Paris-7 (Université de Paris), and the 'Initiative d’Excellence' program from the French State (Grant 'DYNAMO', ANR-11-LABX-0011-01)
Subjects: Polymers and Plastics, Maleic acid, Polymers, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], membrane proteins, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, amphipols, 01 natural sciences, surfactants, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, SMA co-polymers, Escherichia coli, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Native state, Acrylic acid, Chemistry, Cycloparaffins, Biological membrane, stability, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Combinatorial chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, Membrane protein, Styrene maleic anhydride, extraction, 0210 nano-technology, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Abstract: International audience; Membrane proteins need to be extracted from biological membranes and purified in their native state for most structural and functional in vitro investigations. Amphiphilic copolymers, such as amphipols (APols), have emerged as very useful alternatives to detergents for keeping membrane proteins water-soluble under their native form. However, classical APols, i.e. poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) derivatives, seldom enable direct membrane protein extraction. Poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) copolymers (SMAs), which bear aromatic rings as hydrophobic side groups, have been reported to be more effective extracting agents. In order to test the hypothesis of a role of cyclic hydrophobic moieties in membrane solubilization by copolymers, we have prepared PAA derivatives comprising cyclic rather than linear aliphatic side groups (CyclAPols). As references, APol A8-35, SMAs, and diisobutylene maleic acid (DIBMA) were compared with CyclAPols. Using as models the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli and the extraction-resistant purple membrane from Halobacterium salinarum, we show that CyclAPols combine the extraction efficiency of SMAs with the stabilization afforded to membrane proteins by classical APols such as A8-35.
Published: 2020
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34. Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Based Macroanions to Level Up the Li + Transport Number of Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries

Author: Thi Khanh Ly Nguyen, Trang N. T. Phan, Fabrice Cousin, Didier Devaux, Sumit Mehan, Fabio Ziarelli, Stéphane Viel, Didier Gigmes, Priscillia Soudant, Renaud Bouchet, Matériaux Interfaces ELectrochimie (MIEL), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LLB - Matière molle et biophysique (MMB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE05-0032, and ANR-17-CE05-0032,SELPHy,Batterie au Li-métal à électrolyte hybride conducteur uniquement par ions lithium(2017)
Subjects: [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, lithium, General Chemical Engineering, transport, Materials Chemistry, General Chemistry, electrolyte, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, macro-anion, POSS
Abstract: International audience; Increasing lithium transport number in liquid and polymers electrolytes is an important task for higher power performance since it limits the promotion of concentration gradient and the mitigation of dendrite nucleation. One promising route to limit the anion mobility is the design of macro-anions. In this paper, by varying the number of LiTFSI salt and PEG chains attached to POSS nanoparticles, a series of POSS-based macro-anions were synthesized and complexed with tetraglyme (TEG) model solvent to form electrolytes at different concentrations from EO/Li=10 to 25. While a high transport number in between 0.7 to 0.86 was obtained as expected, a significantly lower cationic conductivity was observed compared to TEG-LiTFSI reference electrolyte at the same lithium concentration. The understanding of this behavior is necessary for the design of the next electrolyte generation. Thus, a complete study coupling morphologic (SAXS), thermal (DSC/ATG), conductivity (EIS), and 1H, 7Li, 19F diffusion NMR analyses is provided to establish in a single equation (Equation 11) the relationship between the Li+ ionic transport properties and the size of macro-anion which impacts strongly, beside the transport number, the electrolyte bulk properties, such as the viscosity and the tortuosity induced by the large POSS inorganic cores. In addition, it is shown that the chemical affinity of the organic POSS shell and the solvent pilots the Li+ dissociation rate, and thus the content of free Li+ ion. These results provide a deep insight on the intricacy of the physical properties (Equation 11) that leads to high cationic conductivity which can be a helpful intellectual platform for the target-design of new macro-anions.
Published: 2022
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35. Complex refractive indices in the TeraHertz domain of samples from atmospheric aerosol sources

Author: D. Hourlier, Hervé Herbin, Alexandre Deguine, Guillaume Ducournau, Karine Deboudt, J. Bichon, Denis Petitprez, S. Eliet, Romain Peretti, Melanie Lavancier, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - IEMN (Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, UPHF) (IEMN - UMR 8520), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EPItaxie et PHYsique des hétérostructures - IEMN (EPIPHY - IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Photonique THz - IEMN (PHOTONIQUE THZ - IEMN), Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN (PCMP - IEMN), We sincerely thank our colleagues Valentine Bizet from the PC2A for the resuspension of particles and Christophe Boyaval from the IEMN for the SEM analysis. Funding for the present work was provided by the French National Research Agency (ANR-20-CE42-0002 STEPSON). The authors very much appreciated the support by the CaPPA project (Chemical and Physical Properties of the Atmosphere) funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the PIA (Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir) under contract « ANR-11-LABX-0005-01 ». The authors would also like to thank the 'Hauts-de-France' Region and the Ministry of Higher Education and Research (CPER IRenE), as well as the European Fund for Regional Economic Development, for their financial support., PCMP CHOP, Renatech Network, ANR-20-CE42-0002,STEPSON,Spectromètre TeraHertz en domaine temporel pour la détermination de propriétés optiques de micro et nano-particules en suspension dans l'air en environnement contrôlé(2020), ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université de Bordeaux [UB], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 [PC2A], EPItaxie et PHYsique des hétérostructures - IEMN [EPIPHY - IEMN], Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère [LPCA], and Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents [LPCML]
Subjects: powders, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Terahertz radiation, terahertz wave spectra, Pellets, Analytical chemistry, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, Polycarbonate, Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, polymers, Filtration, filtration, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, calcium compounds, refractive index, business.industry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, X-ray chemical analysis, Photonics, business, Refractive index, aerosols, crystal morphology, scanning electron microscopy
Abstract: oral session Spectroscopy/Gas phase spectroscopy 1; International audience; We report the TeraHertz (THz) characterization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles, one of the major components of desert dust, to determine the real and imaginary parts of their complex refractive indices. The optical characterization is done by TeraHertz Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technique. CaCO3 powders are diluted with High Density PolyEthylene (PE) at different concentrations (0.1% to 75% of CaCO3) and compressed in pellets. Time-traces are then fitted using the Fit@TDS algorithm developed by Photonic TeraHertz group members, and the complex refractive indices are extracted. We support the optical characterization by a morphological characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) analysis after resuspension of particles and filtration on a polycarbonate 0.2 µm pore filter.
Published: 2021
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36. Reconstitution of Synaptic Vesicle Biogenesis from PC12 Cell Membranes

Author: Clift-O'Grady, Lois, Desnos, Claire, Lichtenstein, Yael, Faúndez, Victor, Horng, Jim-Tong, and Kelly, Regis B.
Published: 1998
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37. Broadband super-resolution Terahertz Time domain spectroscopy applied to Gas analysis

Author: Sophie Eliet, Francis Hindle, Romain Peretti, Arnaud Cuisset, Jean-Francois Lampin, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN (PCMP - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Photonique THz - IEMN (PHOTONIQUE THZ - IEMN), PCMP CHOP, Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), no funding indication, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN [PCMP - IEMN], Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère [LPCA], and Photonique THz - IEMN [PHOTONIQUE THZ - IEMN]
Subjects: Materials science, Terahertz radiation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Terahertz gas spectroscopy, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Measure (mathematics), Spectral line, Optics, Broadband, Physics - Biological Physics, Time domain, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, super resolution spectroscopy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Radiation, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Physics - Applied Physics, Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Time domain spectroscopy, business, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract: Terahertz (THz) Time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a broadband spectroscopic technique spreading its uses in multiple fields: in science from material science to biology, in industry where it measures the thickness of a paint layer during the painting operation. Using such practical commercial apparatus with broad spectrum for gas spectroscopy could be a major asset for air quality monitoring and tracking of atmospheric composition. However, gas spectroscopy needs high resolution and the usual approach in THz-TDS, where the recorded time trace is Fourier transform, suffers from resolution limitation due to the size of the delay line in the system. In this letter, we introduce the concept of constraint reconstruction for super-resolution spectroscopy based on the modeling of the spectroscopic lines in a sparse spectrum. Light molecule gas typically shows sparse and narrow lines on a broad spectrum and we propose an algorithm reconstructing these lines with a resolution improvement of 10 the ultimate resolution reachable by the apparatus. We envision the proposed technique to lead to broadband, selective, rapid and cheap gas monitoring applications.
Published: 2021
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38. Impact of Sea Breeze Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Toxicity in Industrial and Urban Coastal Environments

Author: Patrick Augustin, Clémence Méausoone, Karine Deboudt, Marc Fourmentin, Alexei Sentchev, Sarah Guilbaud, Anton Sokolov, Yann Landkocz, Sayahnya Roy, Benjamin Hanoune, Elsa Dieudonné, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, François G. Schmitt, Sylvain Billet, Pascal Flament, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université de Lille, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère [LPCA], Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant [UCEIV], Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 [LOA], Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 [PC2A], Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 [LOG], Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, atmospheric boundary layer, Sea breeze, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, sea breeze, [PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech], lcsh:Science, Air mass, lidar, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the fluids [physics.class-ph], Front (oceanography), Humidity, air quality, Aerosol, Boundary layer, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [NLIN.NLIN-CD]Nonlinear Sciences [physics]/Chaotic Dynamics [nlin.CD], General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Particle, lcsh:Q, atmospheric dynamics, aerosols, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], toxicology
Abstract: Sea breeze (SB) phenomena may strongly influence air quality and lead to important effects on human health. In order to study the impact of SB dynamics on the properties and toxicity of aerosols, an atmospheric mobile unit was deployed during a field campaign performed in an urbanized and industrialized coastal area in Northern France. This unit combines aerosol samplers, two scanning lidars (Doppler and elastic) and an air-liquid interface (ALI, Vitrocell®) in vitro cell exposure device. Our study highlights that after the passage of an SB front, the top of the atmospheric boundary layer collapses as the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) develops, which leads to high aerosol extinction coefficient values (>0.4 km−1) and an increase of PM2.5 and NOx concentrations in the SB current. The number-size distribution of particles indicates a high proportion of fine particles (with diameter below 500 nm), while the volume-size distribution shows a major mode of coarse particles centered on 2−3 µm. Individual particle analyses performed by cryo-transmission scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TSEM)-EDX highlights that submicronic particles contained a high fraction of secondary compounds, which may result from nucleation and/or condensation of condensable species (vapors or gaseous species after photo-oxidation). Secondary aerosol (SA) formation can be enhanced in some areas, by the interaction between the SB flow and the upper continental air mass, particularly due to the effect of both turbulence and temperature/humidity gradients between these two contrasting air masses. Potential areas of SA formation are located near the ground, during the SB front passage and in the vicinity of the SB current top. During the sea breeze event, an increase in the oxidative stress and inflammation processes in exposed lung cells, compared to the unexposed cells, can also be seen. In some instances, short singularity periods are observed during SB, corresponding to a double flow structure. It consists of two adjacent SB currents that induce an important increase of the TIBL top, improving the pollutants dispersion. This is associated with a substantial decrease of aerosol mass concentrations.
Published: 2020
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39. Time-Resolved Laser-Flash Photolysis Faraday Rotation Spectrometer:A New Tool for Total OH Reactivity Measurement and Free Radical Kinetics Research

Author: Weixiong Zhao, Weijun Zhang, Nana Yang, Bo Fang, Christa Fittschen, Chunhui Wang, Weidong Chen, Nana Wei, Université de Lille, CNRS, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère [LPCA], Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 [PC2A], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), and Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Photodissociation, Atmospheric chemistry, Radical, Analytical chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Absorption, symbols.namesake, law, Molecules, Lasers, Faraday effect, Reactivity (chemistry), Spectrometer, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Laser, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, 13. Climate action, symbols, Flash photolysis, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]
Abstract: The total OH reactivity (kOH′) is an important parameter for quantitative assessment of the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Although laboratory measurement of kOH′ has been achieved 20 years ago, the instruments required are often costly and complex. Long-term atmospheric observations remain challenging and elusive. In this work, a novel instrument combining laser-flash photolysis with a mid-infrared Faraday rotation spectrometer (LFP-FRS) has been developed for the measurement of kOH′ and for studying gas phase free radical kinetics. The reactor is composed of a Herriott-type optical multipass cell, and OH radicals were generated by flash photolysis of ozone with a 266 nm pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The decay of the OH signal was directly measured with a time-resolved FRS spectrometer at 2.8 μm. The overlapping path length between the pump beam and probe beam was 25 m. High performance was achieved by subtracting the signals before and after flash photolysis to eliminate interferences caused by H2O absorption and background drift. The optimum precisions (1σ) of OH concentration and kOH′ measurement were 4 × 106 molecules cm–3 and 0.09 s–1 over data acquisition times of 56 and 112 s, respectively. The performance of the system was evaluated by the reaction of OH with CO and NO. The measured rate coefficients (kOH+CO and kOH+NO) were in good agreement with values reported in the literature. The developed LFP-FRS provides a new, high precision, and highly selective tool for atmospheric chemistry research of OH radicals and other transient paramagnetic free radicals such as HO2 radicals. 92;6
Published: 2020
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40. HfO2-based electrolyte potentiometric oxygen sensors for liquid sodium

Author: M.C. Steil, J. L. Courouau, Jacques Fouletier, Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces [2020-....] (LEPMI [2020-....]), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....] (UGA [2020-....])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2020-....] (Grenoble INP [2020-....]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....] (UGA [2020-....]), Laboratoire d'Etude de la Corrosion Non Aqueuse (LECNA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Matériaux Interfaces ELectrochimie (MIEL), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Potentiometric titration, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, symbols.namesake, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Electrochemistry, Nernst equation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, Electromotive force, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Hafnia, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, symbols, Limiting oxygen concentration, 0210 nano-technology, Oxygen sensor
Abstract: The use of potentiometric sensors for the on-line monitoring of oxygen in molten sodium in fast breeder reactors has been studied since the 1970s. However, their lifetime and the reproducibility of the results are inadequate for commercial development. In this study, the performance of the sensor using yttria-doped hafnia is studied and compared with results obtained with thoria- and zirconia-based electrolytes. The yttria-doped hafnia sensor tested, in the form of a tube, exhibits a very reproducible signal and remarkable stability under very low oxygen levels (ca. 0.02 ppm) and low temperatures (200–300 °C), with a lifetime of ca. two months. Consequently, this electrolyte can be viewed as a promising material for sensing oxygen in molten sodium. The main sources of errors observed in the application of these sensors are reviewed under severe conditions at low temperatures. Discrepancies between the calculated electromotive force (emf) of the cell and the slope of the theoretical Nernst law and the experimental values are analyzed and hypotheses are discussed in order to explain the deviations from the expected values. For the zirconia-based sensor, an original interpretation of the sensor’s response to a change in oxygen concentration, obtained at low temperatures, is proposed, involving peroxide ions.
Published: 2020
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41. Structural dependence of cations and anions to building the polar phase of PVDF

Author: Sébastien Livi, Manuel Maréchal, Jean-François Gérard, Luanda C. Lins, Jannick Duchet-Rumeau, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Doucet, Florian
Subjects: [CHIM.POLY] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, General Physics and Astronomy, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Phase (matter), Materials Chemistry, Phosphonium, Crystallization, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Small-angle X-ray scattering, Organic Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polyvinylidene fluoride, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Ionic liquid, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The ability of different microstructures from ionic liquids (ILs) governed by anions and cations has been a source of curiosity for composite systems. In this present study, the structural behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) mixed with phosphonium- and imidazolium-based ionic liquids (1 wt%) combined with different counter anions was investigated. The effect of the chemical nature of the cation and the anion on the resulting polar crystals was evaluated. Thus, the formation of polar phase after IL incorporation was highlighted with morphologic observation of spherulites of low-birefringence using polarizing optical (POM) and atomic force microscopies (AFM), and their crystalline structures were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS). However, the enhancement of polar γ-phase crystallization was mainly observed in presence of phosphonium-based ILs suggesting that the nanostructuration mechanism were amply dependent on the interacting abilities of ILs in PVDF matrix. In addition, we have also demonstrated that the presence of ILs within the crystalline lamellae, characterized by SAXS and DMA, oriented the chains allowing the formation of rigid amorphous fraction (RAF). For this reason, we proposed that the depression of spherulites size was due to the existence of ILs in the RAF acting as obstacle for the growth of larger structures. Finally, these different changes in the microscopic level structure bestowed a rather unique property which modified the mechanical performance of the polymer materials, especially the ability to sustain large deformation.
Published: 2018
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42. Ionic-to-Electronic Conductivity Crossover in CdTe–AgI–As2Te3 Glasses: An 110mAg Tracer Diffusion Study

Author: Eugene Bychkov, Mohammad Kassem, D. Le Coq, I. Alekseev, Maria Bokova, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère ( LPCA ), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-15-ASTR-0016-01, Campus France, EC, European Commission, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), ANR-15-ASTR-0016,VOIR,Verres pour l'Optique dans l'InfraRouge long(2015), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Diffusion activation energy, Chalcogenide, Diffusion, Nonmonotonic behaviors, Semiconducting cadmium telluride, Oxide, Analytical chemistry, Ionic bonding, 02 engineering and technology, Activation energy, Conductivity, Ion transports, 010402 general chemistry, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electric conductivity, Semiconducting tellurium compounds, Materials Chemistry, Cadmium telluride, Orders of magnitude (data), Metal ions, Tracer diffusion, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, II-VI semiconductors, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Silver halides, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cadmium telluride photovoltaics, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic transport, Orders of magnitude, Electronic conductivity, chemistry, Chalcogenide glass, Glass, Semiconducting silver compounds, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Conductivity isotherms of (CdTe)x(AgI)0.5-x/2(As2Te3)0.5-x/2 glasses (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) reveal a nonmonotonic behavior with increasing CdTe content reminiscent of mixed cation effect in oxide and chalcogenide glasses. Nevertheless, the apparent similarity appears to be partly incorrect. Using 110mAg tracer diffusion measurements, we show that semiconducting CdTe additions produce a dual effect (i) decreasing the Ag+ ion transport by a factor of ≈ 200 with a simultaneous increase of the diffusion activation energy and (ii) increasing the electronic conductivity by 1.5 orders of magnitude. Consequently, the conductivity minimum at x = 0.05 reflects an ionic-to-electronic transport crossover; the silver-ion transport number decreases by 3 orders of magnitude with increasing x. © 2018 American Chemical Society.
Published: 2018
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43. Steel: The Resurrection of a Forgotten Water-Splitting Catalyst

Author: Helmut Schäfer, Marian Chatenet, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces ( LEPMI ), and Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Materials science, Hydrogen, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Electrocatalyst, Heterogeneous catalysis, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Catalysis, law.invention, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, law, Materials Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electrolysis, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Metallurgy, Fossil fuel, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Solar energy, 0104 chemical sciences, Fuel Technology, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Water splitting, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Because of the limited availability of fossil fuels, the splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen upon exploitation of solar energy becomes an increasingly important clean energy production and storage technique. Despite its early use as a hydrogen-evolution catalyst in alkaline electrolysis, steel was until very recently supposed to be neither an active and stable water-splitting catalyst nor an interesting scientific subject at all. The authors of this contribution not only have shown in recent papers the potential of steel in terms of pure material properties but also have revealed the qualities of steel as a striking scientific topic. They herewith review what is known about the water-splitting properties of untreated and surface-modified steel and try to determine a potential transfer to a broader application of modified steels in heterogeneous catalysis. The synopsis is basically limited to the usage of steel as a real electrocatalyst, thus presenting the catalytic active species itself.
Published: 2018
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44. Atomic-Scale Snapshots of the Formation and Growth of Hollow PtNi/C Nanocatalysts

Author: Laetitia Dubau, Pierre Bordet, Tristan Asset, Jakub Drnec, Jaysen Nelayah, Frédéric Maillard, Raphaël Chattot, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MRS - Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure, and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: Kirkendall effect, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Nanoparticle, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Atomic units, Nanomaterial-based catalyst, 0104 chemical sciences, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, General Materials Science, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], 0210 nano-technology, Nanoscopic scale, Bimetallic strip, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Determining the formation and growth mechanism of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with atomic detail is fundamental to synthesize efficient “catalysts by design”. However, an understanding of the elementary steps which take place during their synthesis remains elusive. Herein, we have exploited scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, operando wide angle and small-angle X-ray scattering, and electrochemistry to unveil the formation and growth mechanism of hollow PtNi/C NPs. Such NPs, composed of a PtNi shell surrounding a nanoscale void, catalyze efficiently and sustainably the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an acidic electrolyte. Our step-by-step study reveals that (i) Ni-rich/C NPs form first, before being embedded in a NixByOz shell, (ii) the combined action of galvanic displacement and the nanoscale Kirkendall effect then results in the sequential formation of Ni-rich core@Pt-rich/C shell and ultimately hollow PtNi/C NPs. The electrocatalytic proper...
Published: 2017
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45. Four-way coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian Direct Numerical Simulations in a vertical laminar channel flow

Author: Jonathan Schillings, Sedat F. Tardu, Frédéric Bauer, Jonathan Deseure, Mauricio Tano Retamales, Olivier Doche, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Buoyancy, Bubble, Flow (psychology), General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], engineering.material, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Root mean square, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Dispersion (water waves), Porosity, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Laminar flow, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Classical mechanics, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Direct Numerical Simulations of a laminar two-phase flow into a vertical channel are investigated. An Eulerian–Lagrangian approach allows tracking each bubble position with a four-way coupling strategy, i.e. taking into account bubble-fluid and bubble-bubble interactions. The flow configuration has been chosen to highlight the buoyancy effects due to significant values of void fraction (high numbers of bubbles); hence the bubbles collisions and wall effects are the critical parameters to ensure the dispersion of the bubble plume. The DNS approach is self-consistent and does not rely on closure relations or empirical correlations for describing the collective bubble dynamics. It is found that the DNS predicts well the behavior of the bubble plume and its back effect on the liquid phase when compared with a mixture model and experimental data. The elastic nature of collisions, the sensitivity of the mean and RMS values of velocities and void fraction to the mesh quality are explored.
Published: 2017
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46. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation of white wine chromophoric colloidal matter

Author: Michael Gonsior, Régis D. Gougeon, Maria Nikolantonaki, Jérémie Parot, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Christian Coelho, Edith Parlanti, Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques ( PAM ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels ( LPTC ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Chesapeake Biological Laboratory ( CBL ), University of Maryland Center for Environmetal Science, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry ( BGC ), Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München [München] ( TUM ), Burgundy region, Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC – OASU, Équipe LPTC, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Chesapeake Biological Laboratory (CBL), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), and Technical University of Munich (TUM)
Subjects: Proteomics, Proteome, Size-exclusion chromatography, polysaccharides, Humic substances, Wine, White wine, Wine proteins, Fractionation, Red wines, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 040501 horticulture, Analytical Chemistry, Chromophoric colloidal matter, Colloid, Molecular-weight, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Dissolved organic carbon, Humans, Colloids, Mannoproteins, Dissolved organic-matter, Pressing, Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation, Chromatography, Chemistry, Elution, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, 010401 analytical chemistry, [ SDV.IDA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Fractionation, Field Flow, Yeast, 0104 chemical sciences, Maceration enzymes, White Wine, Haze-forming proteins, 0405 other agricultural sciences
Abstract: Two analytical separation methods-size-exclusion chromatography and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation-were implemented to evaluate the integrity of the colloidal composition of Chardonnay white wine and the impact of pressing and fermentations on the final macromolecular composition. Wine chromophoric colloidal matter, representing UV-visible-absorbing wine macromolecules, was evaluated by optical and structural measurements combined with the description of elution profiles obtained by both separative techniques. The objective of this study was to apply these two types of fractionation on a typical Chardonnay white wine produced in Burgundy and to evaluate how each of them impacted the determination of the macromolecular chromophoric content of wine. UV-visible and fluorescence measurements of collected fractions were successfully applied. An additional proteomic study revealed that grape and microorganism proteins largely impacted the composition of chromophoric colloidal matter of Chardonnay wines. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation appeared to be more reliable and less invasive with respect to the native chemical environment of chromophoric wine macromolecules, and hence is recommended as a tool to fractionate chromophoric colloidal matter in white wines. Graphical Abstract An innovative macromolecular separation method based on Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation was developed to better control colloidal dynamics across Chardonnay white winemaking.
Published: 2017
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47. Utilization of Torrefied Coffee Grounds as Reinforcing Agent To Produce High-Quality Biodegradable PBAT Composites for Food Packaging Applications

Author: Chamseddine Guizani, Alain Dufresne, Hesham Moustafa, Vincent Martin, Mejdi Jeguirim, Capucine Dupont, Laboratoire Génie des procédés papetiers (LGP2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), ANR-11-CARN-030-01 - Matériaux bio-sourcés fonctionnels - PolyNat Carnot Institute, ANR-11-LABX-0030,TEC XXI,Ingénierie de la Complexité : la mécanique et ses interfaces au service des enjeux sociétaux du 21iè(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Laboratoire Génie des procédés papetiers (LGP2 ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP ), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, General Chemical Engineering, Melting temperature, Hydrophobicity, Mechanical properties, 02 engineering and technology, Torrefaction coffee grounds, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Contact angle, Crystallinity, Coffee grounds, Differential scanning calorimetry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, PBAT, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Composite material, TGA, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Thermo-mechanical properties, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Torrefaction, 0104 chemical sciences, Food packaging, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The present study has revealed that torrefied coffee grounds (CG) derived from agriculture commodities can be used as bioreinforcing agent for biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) without requiring a compatibilizer. The optimum torrefaction operation was achieved in order to increase the hydrophobicity of CG. The raw CG was also used as a reference to assess the effect of the torrefaction operation. The structure and morphology of the composites were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The effect of the addition of raw or torrefied CG on the melting temperature and crystallinity of PBAT biocomposites was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A significant enhancement in the thermo-mechanical properties for PBAT/torrefied CG composites was observed compared to PBAT/CG composites. Moreover, the hydrophobicity of PBAT composites which was determined by water contact angle was improved when torrefied biomass was added. The thermal stability of the investigated samples was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a kinetic model was proposed to describe the thermal degradation of raw CG, torrefied CG, PBAT, and their filled composites. The obtained results for these solvent-free prepared biocomposites show that they can be potential candidates for food packaging applications.
Published: 2017
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48. Investigation of liquid water heterogeneities in large area PEM fuel cells using a pseudo-3D multiphysics model

Author: Jean-Philippe Poirot-Crouvezier, M. Chandesris, Yann Bultel, Arnaud Morin, F. Courtois, E. Tardy, Département de l'Electricité et de l'Hydrogène pour les Transports (DEHS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Département Etude des Réacteurs (DER), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARC-Nucleart CEA Grenoble (NUCLEART), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Bultel, Yann, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Materials science, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Multiphysics, Flow (psychology), Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Water transport Two-phase flow Computer simulations Neutron imaging, Stack (abstract data type), 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Water transport, Gas diffusion electrode, Mechanical Engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Durability, Model predictive control, 13. Climate action, 0210 nano-technology, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract: International audience; Effective management of the liquid water and heat produced in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is necessary to increase both its performance and durability. In previous works, a pseudo-3D physic-based model of heat and water transport in fuel cells was developed and has been validated against experimental temperature and current density data. In this study, liquid water measurement obtained from neutron imaging tests is compared with numerical results. The model is able to predict qualitatively the presence of liquid water with a good accuracy taking into account the real Bipolar Plate (BP) design. Based on the reliability of the predictions at this first order in-plane space scale, the model has been used to compute the thickness of liquid water through the plane of the cell, in the different components of the stack, Gas Channel (GC) or Gas Diffusion Electrode (GDE). Our two-phase flow formulation has also been compared to more classical phase-separated two-phase flow model. A good accordance is observed for low saturations. The good agreement between predictions and measurement results supports the capability of our model to be employed in predictive control strategies or to design innovative Bipolar Plate (BP) at lower cost compared to experimental tests.
Published: 2019
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49. Fine tuning of optoelectronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes from conductors to semiconductors

Author: Lionel Flandin, Pascale Chenevier, Z. El-Moussawi, Hussein Medlej, Ali Nourdine, Tayssir Hamieh, Genèse et Usage d'Interfaces Durables pour l'Energie (GUIDE), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes Analytiques (MCEMA), Université Libanaise, Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux organiques à propriétés spécifiques (LMOPS), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Band gap, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Carbon nanotube, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Semiconductor, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Covalent bond, law, Optoelectronics, Surface modification, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, business, Electrical conductor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Controlling both conductivity and bandgap chemistry of carbonaceous fillers could broaden up their application potential. However, it has been a difficult synthetic goal for more than a decade. We describe a methodology to do so in a very controlled manner on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). The approach relies on the extreme extension of a functionalization by 4-nitrobenzenediazoether. We show that the water-soluble Z-diazoether already known to react selectively with metallic m-SWNTs, can also extract electrons from sc-SWNTs. The gradual formation of a covalent aryl bond alters the SWNT electrical conductivity in two steps depending on the functionalization degree. The two consecutive regimes correspond to the grafting of conductor and semiconductor nanotubes. The extent of functionalization was assessed in situ using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The covalent coupling was first evidenced by spectroscopic characterizations of the chemical structure. The consequences on the physical properties of the SWNTs were also measured. The functionalization method reported here brings unprecedented hope for preparing, at large scale, semiconducting SWNTs as excellent-conductivity building blocks for an array of applied semiconductors. This is the first example of the visualization and measurement of optical and electrical properties in function of the progress of nitrophenyl coupling to nanocarbon scaffolds.
Published: 2019
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50. Freezing a Flock: Motility-Induced Phase Separation in Polar Active Liquids

Author: Julien Tailleur, Delphine Geyer, Denis Bartolo, David Martin, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC (UMR_7057)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Théorique (LPCT), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physico-chimie theorique, ESPCI, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Phase transition, Materials science, Physics, QC1-999, General Physics and Astronomy, Motility, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Chemical physics, 0103 physical sciences, Polar, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Flock, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Communication channel
Abstract: Combining model experiments and theory, we investigate the dense phases of polar active matter beyond the conventional flocking picture. We show that above a critical density flocks assembled from self-propelled colloids arrest their collective motion, lose their orientational order, and form solids that actively rearrange their local structure while continuously melting and freezing at their boundaries. We establish that active solidification is a first-order dynamical transition: active solids nucleate, grow, and slowly coarsen until complete phase separation with the polar liquids with which they coexist. We then theoretically elucidate this phase behavior by introducing a minimal hydrodynamic description of dense polar flocks and show that the active solids originate from a motility-induced phase separation. We argue that the suppression of collective motion in the form of solid jams is a generic feature of flocks assembled from motile units that reduce their speed as density increases, a feature common to a broad class of active bodies, from synthetic colloids to living creatures.
Published: 2019
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