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1. Herschel spectroscopy of Massive Young Stellar Objects in the Magellanic Clouds

Author

D. Cormier, J. Th. van Loon, C.-H. R. Chen, Remy Indebetouw, Vianney Lebouteiller, Margaret Meixner, Joana M. Oliveira, L. R. Carlson, M. Sewilo, S. C. Madden, Min-Young Lee, Miroslav Filipovic, Yasuo Fukui, Benjamin A. Sargent, Laboratório de Neurobiologia II - IBCCF / UFRJ [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho [Rio de Janeiro] (IBCCF / UFRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Department of Astrophysics [Nagoya], Nagoya University, Laboratório de Neurobiologia II - UFRJ [Universidade de Rio de Janeiro - Brésil], Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] (UFRJ), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Young stellar object, Metallicity, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, clouds, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Photodissociation region, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, ISM: clouds, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 0103 physical sciences, Magellanic Clouds, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Emission spectrum, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, Physics, stars: formation, Spectrometer, stars: protostars, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Photoelectric effect, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
Abstract

We present Herschel Space Observatory Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) and Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver Fourier Transform Spectrometer (SPIRE FTS) spectroscopy of a sample of twenty massive Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC). We analyse the brightest far infrared (far-IR) emission lines, that diagnose the conditions of the heated gas in the YSO envelope and pinpoint their physical origin.We compare the properties of massive Magellanic and Galactic YSOs.We find that [OI] and [CII] emission, that originates from the photodissociation region associated with the YSOs, is enhanced with respect to the dust continuum in the Magellanic sample. Furthermore the photoelectric heating efficiency is systematically higher for Magellanic YSOs, consistent with reduced grain charge in low metallicity environments. The observed CO emission is likely due to multiple shock components. The gas temperatures, derived from the analysis of CO rotational diagrams, are similar to Galactic estimates. This suggests a common origin to the observed CO excitation, from low-luminosity to massive YSOs, both in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. Bright far-IR line emission provides a mechanism to cool the YSO environment. We find that, even though [OI], CO and [CII] are the main line coolants, there is an indication that CO becomes less important at low metallicity, especially for the SMC sources. This is consistent with a reduction in CO abundance in environments where the dust is warmer due to reduced ultraviolet-shielding. Weak H$_2$O and OH emission is detected, consistent with a modest role in the energy balance of wider massive YSO environments., 38 pages; accepted for publication by MNRAS; full integrated version; journal version will include appendices on-line only

Published
2019
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2. Cerebral Dynamics during the Observation of Point-Light Displays Depicting Postural Adjustments

Author

Thierry Pozzo, Ghislain Saunier, Daniel Fraiman, Eduardo F. Martins, Claudia D. Vargas, Thiago Lemos, Laboratório de Neurobiologia II - UFRJ [Universidade de Rio de Janeiro - Brésil], Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] ( UFRJ ), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Centro Universitário Augusto Motta ( UNISUAM ), Laboratorio Cognicao Motora, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ), Laboratorio de Investigación en Neurociencia, Departamento de Matemática y Ciencias [Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires], Universidad de San Andres, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientlfico e Tecnologico CNPq 306817/2014-4 480108/2012-9 Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro FAPERJ E-26/110.526/2012 E-26/010.002902/2014 Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos FINEP (PROINFRA HOSPITALAR) 18.569-8 Fundayao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo FAPESP's Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center for Neuromathematics-NeuroMat (PAPESP) 2013/07699-0 CAPES-COFECUB 819-14, Laboratório de Neurobiologia II - IBCCF / UFRJ [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho [Rio de Janeiro] (IBCCF / UFRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Centro Universitário Augusto Motta (UNISUAM), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), and Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA)

Subjects
Ciencias Físicas, biological motion perception, Electroencephalography, action observation, neural mechanisms, event-related potentials, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, brain activity, SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS, Postural Balance, visual-perception, body sway, POINT-LIGHT DISPLAY, Original Research, medicine.diagnostic_test, semantic integration, 05 social sciences, Cognition, Superior temporal sulcus, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, ACTION OBSERVATION, Neurology, BALANCE, QUIET, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], recognition, Psychology, superior temporal sulcus, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, electroencephalography, medicine.medical_specialty, Otras Ciencias Físicas, 050105 experimental psychology, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, motor imagery, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, Balance (ability), Communication, business.industry, balance, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], point-light display, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, Biological motion, Coding (social sciences), real-world events
Abstract

Objective: As highly social creatures, human beings rely part of their skills of identifying, interpreting, and predicting the actions of others on the ability of perceiving biological motion. In the present study, we aim to investigate the electroencephalographic (EEG) cerebral dynamics involved in the coding of postural control and examine whether upright stance would be codified through the activation of the temporal-parietal cortical network classically enrolled in the coding of biological motion. Design: We registered the EEG activity of 12 volunteers while they passively watched point light displays (PLD) depicting quiet stable (QB) and an unstable (UB) postural situations and their respective scrambled controls (QS and US). In a pretest, 13 volunteers evaluated the level of stability of our two biological stimuli through a stability scale. Results: Contrasting QB vs. QS revealed a typical ERP difference in the right temporal-parietal region at an early 200–300 ms time window. Furthermore, when contrasting the two biological postural conditions, UBvs. QB, we found a higher positivity in the 400–600 ms time window for the UB condition in central-parietal electrodes, lateralized to the right hemisphere. Conclusions: These results suggest that PLDs depicting postural adjustments are coded in the brain as biological motion, and that their viewing recruit similar networks with those engaged in postural stability control. Additionally, higher order cognitive processes appear to be engaged in the identification of the postural instability level. Disentangling the EEG dynamics during the observation of postural adjustments could be very useful for further understanding the neural mechanisms underlying postural control. Fil: Martins, Eduardo F.. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biología; Brasil Fil: Lemos, Thiago. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biología; Brasil Fil: Saunier, Ghislain. Universidade Federal do Pará; Brasil Fil: Pozzo, Thierry. Universite de Bourgogne; Francia Fil: Fraiman Borrazás, Daniel Edmundo. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Matemáticas y Ciencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Vargas, Claudia D.. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biología; Brasil

Published
2017
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3. Motor planning of goal-directed action is tuned by the emotional valence of the stimulus: a kinematic study

Author

Laura Alice Santos de Oliveira, P. O. Esteves, Erika de Carvalho Rodrigues, Jose M. Oliveira, Anaelli Aparecida Nogueira-Campos, Ghislain Saunier, Claudia D. Vargas, Thierry Pozzo, Eliane Volchan, Laboratório de Neurobiologia II - IBCCF / UFRJ [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho [Rio de Janeiro] (IBCCF / UFRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Centro Universitário Augusto Motta (UNISUAM), Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas [Goiânia, Brésil] (ICB)-Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Laboratorio Cognicao Motora, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e tecnologico CNPq 306817/2014-4 480108/2012-9, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro FAPERJ E-26/110.526/2012 E26/010.002902/2014, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos FINEP (PROINFRA HOSPITALAR grant) 18.569-8, FAPESP Research, Dissemination and Innovation Center for Neuromathematics-NeuroMat (FAPESP) 2013/07699-0, CAPES-COFECUB 819-14, Laboratório de Neurobiologia II - UFRJ [Universidade de Rio de Janeiro - Brésil], Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] ( UFRJ ), Centro Universitário Augusto Motta ( UNISUAM ), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas [Goiânia, Brésil] ( ICB ) -Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora ( UFJF ), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )

Subjects
Adult, Male, Emotions, Kinematics, Emotional valence, Stimulus (physiology), 050105 experimental psychology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, visual-cortex, 0302 clinical medicine, pictures, arm, Reaction Time, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Valence (psychology), Simulation, Analysis of Variance, Multidisciplinary, Motor planning, 05 social sciences, Hand, Biomechanical Phenomena, modulation, intention, invariant, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Time to peak, mutilation, activation, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], movement, Psychology, Goals, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Photic Stimulation, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

The basic underpinnings of homeostatic behavior include interacting with positive items and avoiding negative ones. As the planning aspects of goal-directed actions can be inferred from their movement features, we investigated the kinematics of interacting with emotion-laden stimuli. Participants were instructed to grasp emotion-laden stimuli and bring them toward their bodies while the kinematics of their wrist movement was measured. The results showed that the time to peak velocity increased for bringing pleasant stimuli towards the body compared to unpleasant and neutral ones, suggesting higher easiness in undertaking the task with pleasant stimuli. Furthermore, bringing unpleasant stimuli towards the body increased movement time in comparison with both pleasant and neutral ones while the time to peak velocity for unpleasant stimuli was the same as for that of neutral stimuli. There was no change in the trajectory length among emotional categories. We conclude that during the “reach-to-grasp” and “bring-to-the-body” movements, the valence of the stimuli affects the temporal but not the spatial kinematic features of motion. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time that the kinematic features of a goal-directed action are tuned by the emotional valence of the stimuli.

Published
2016
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4. Consequences of twenty-first-century policy for multi-millennial climate and sea-level change

Author

Peter U. Clark, Aaron Goldner, Edouard Bard, Alan C. Mix, Daniel P. Schrag, Scott Kulp, Jeremy D. Shakun, David Archer, Kurt Lambeck, Thomas F. Stocker, Glenn A. Milne, Benjamin H. Strauss, Shaun A. Marcott, Benjamin D. Santer, Andrew J. Weaver, Patrik L. Pfister, Anders Levermann, Raymond T. Pierrehumbert, Gian-Kasper Plattner, Susan Solomon, Ricarda Winkelmann, Michael Eby, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Department of Environmental, Earth and Ocean Sciences [Boston] (EEOS), University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratório de Neurobiologia II - IBCCF / UFRJ [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho [Rio de Janeiro] (IBCCF / UFRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], University of Bern, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Australian National University (ANU), Department of Geophysical Sciences [Chicago], University of Chicago, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratório de Neurobiologia II - UFRJ [Universidade de Rio de Janeiro - Brésil], Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] (UFRJ), University of Ottawa [Ottawa] (uOttawa), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States, Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of California-University of California, and Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan

Subjects
History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Political economy of climate change, Global warming, Climate change, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Context (language use), Global change, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Earth system science, Economy, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Sustainability, Physical geography, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Most of the policy debate surrounding the actions needed to mitigate and adapt to anthropogenic climate change has been framed by observations of the past 150 years as well as climate and sea-level projections for the twenty-first century. The focus on this 250-year window, however, obscures some of the most profound problems associated with climate change. Here, we argue that the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, a period during which the overwhelming majority of human-caused carbon emissions are likely to occur, need to be placed into a long-term context that includes the past 20 millennia, when the last Ice Age ended and human civilization developed, and the next ten millennia, over which time the projected impacts of anthropogenic climate change will grow and persist. This long-term perspective illustrates that policy decisions made in the next few years to decades will have profound impacts on global climate, ecosystems and human societies - not just for this century, but for the next ten millennia and beyond.

Published
2016
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5. Visual inference of arm movement is constrained by motor representations

Author

Aurore Paillard, Ghislain Saunier, Thierry Pozzo, Claudia D. Vargas, Laboratorio Cognicao Motora, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Laboratorio Neurosplasticidade, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratório de Neurobiologia II - IBCCF / UFRJ [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho [Rio de Janeiro] (IBCCF / UFRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences (RBCS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), CAPES-COFECUB (Grant number 819-14), UFPA-Prodoutor, Conseil Régional de Bourgogne (Grant number 4145 B261), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratório de Neurobiologia II - UFRJ [Universidade de Rio de Janeiro - Brésil], Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] ( UFRJ ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences ( RBCS ), and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia ( IIT )

Subjects
Adult, Male, Motion Perception, Inference, Motor Activity, 050105 experimental psychology, Motion (physics), Task (project management), Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Position (vector), motion, Motor system, Humans, dewey150, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Computer vision, Biomechanical constraints, Movement (music), business.industry, 05 social sciences, space, prediction, body, Biomechanical Phenomena, Spatial prediction, Embodied cognition, Space Perception, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Arm, Visual Perception, Trajectory, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Artificial intelligence, business, Psychomotor Performance, psychological phenomena and processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Several studies support the idea that motion inference is strongly motor dependent. In the present study, we address the role of biomechanical constraints in motion prediction and how this implicit knowledge can interfere in a spatial prediction task. Right-handed (RHS) and left-handed subjects (LHS) had to estimate the final position of a horizontal arm movement in which the final part of the trajectory was hidden. Our study highlighted a direction effect: end point prediction accuracy was better to infer the final position of horizontal motion directed toward the median line of human body. This finding suggests that the spatial prediction of end point is mapped onto implicit biomechanical knowledge such as joint limitation. Accordingly, motor repertoires are embodied into spatial prediction tasks.

Published
2015
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