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The article deals with the disappearance of the Jewish aviation company Palestine Airways from the historical narrative of the foundation of Jewish and Zionist aviation in Mandatory Palestine. Less than two years later, another company called Aviron (modern Hebrew for airplane) was established by the Jewish Agency, the Jewish National Council, and the Histadrut labor union as an aviation company and a flight school. Aviron is considered by the media and aviation historians to have been the pioneer of Jewish aviation in Palestine though it was founded in July 1936 while Palestine Airways had registered as a company in December 1934 and began to operate a few months earlier than Aviron. While the story of Aviron has been commemorated and described in various studies, there has been no comprehensive research on Palestine Airways. I offer two complementary explanations for this phenomenon: first, the assumption made by Zionist historians regarding the importance of private non-socialist ventures verses collective socialist enterprises in relation to the nation building process; second, the opposition of Palestine Airways founder Pinchas Rutenberg and one of its managers, Eliyahu Eliachar to the labor movement because of their self-perceived identities and ethnic spatial perception. These two factors precipitated the labeling of Palestine Airways as a non-national company., INTRODUCTION WHILE WALKING IN TEL-AVIV, I NOTICED A MUNICIPAL SIGN: 'THE aviation company, Aviron, had its offices here on 70 Ahad Ha'am Street. It functioned as the aviation service center [...]

In Ontario, front-line HIV workers play a critical role in knowledge translation and are an instrumental link between research literature and the people most at risk for HIV. However, the [...]

Globally, sexual and reproductive health problems represent one-third of the total burden of disease for women aged 15-44. (1) Regional disparities are particularly pronounced, as women in developing countries fare [...], CONTEXT: Despite improvements in reproductive health indicators among women living in Sub-Saharan Africa, the persistence of poor outcomes underscores the need to examine recent interventions to inform future research, programming and policy. Because men in this context have an outsize role in reproductive decision making, assessing their involvement in reproductive health programs is an important step in meeting men's needs, supporting women's health and improving family health. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted to identify relevant literature and assess evidence of the impact of male involvement in reproductive health interventions. Seven databases were searched using terms related to male involvement and reproductive health; searches were limited to research conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa and published in English between 2007 and 2018. Remaining studies were assessed by participant characteristics, settings, research design, theoretical frameworks, outcome measures and findings. RESULTS: Searches identified 18 studies conducted in eight countries. Interventions engaged participants by using such strategies as community health workers, written invitation, peers, community or religious leaders and media campaigns. Results show that men are willing to participate in reproductive health programs and that their involvement is associated with increased uptake of family planning services, and HIV counseling and testing; reduction in risk behaviors; and improved maternal health and spousal communication. CONCLUSIONS: Given the findings that male involvement is positively associated with improved reproductive health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa, health providers and program planners should consider including men in reproductive health interventions, when feasible. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019,45:71-85, doi: https://doi.org/10.1363/45e8119 Contexto: A pesar de las mejoras observadas en los indicadores de salud reproductiva en las mujeres que viven en Africa subsahariana, la persistencia de malos resultados subraya la necesidad de examinar intervenciones recientes para sustentar futuras investigaciones, programas y politicas. Debido a que los hombres en este contexto tienen un papel enorme en la toma de decisiones reproductivas, evaluar su participation en los programas de salud reproductiva es un paso importante para responder a las necesidades de los hombres, apoyar la salud de las mujeres y mejorar la salud familiar. Metodos: Se realize una revision de alcance para identificar bibliografia relevante y evaluar la evidencia del impacto de la participation masculina en las intervenciones de salud reproductiva. Se realizaron busquedas en siete bases de datos utilizando terminos relacionados con la participation masculina y la salud reproductiva; las busquedas se limitaron a investigaciones realizadas en Africa subsahariana y que fueron publicadas en ingles entre 2007y 2018. Los estudios restantes se evaluaron segun las caracteristicas de los participantes, los entornos, el diseno de la investigation, los marcos teoricos, las medidas de resultado y los hallazgos. Resultados: Las busquedas identificaron 18 estudios conducidos en ocho paises. Las intervenciones involucraron a los participantes mediante estrategias tales como la labor de trabajadores de salud comunitarios, invitaciones por escrito, interaccion con pares, lideres comunitarios o religiosos y campanas en los medios. Los resultados muestran que los hombres estan dispuestos a participar en programas de salud reproductiva y que su participation esta asociada con una mayor aceptacion de los servicios de planification familiar, asi como de consejeria y pruebas de VIH, reduction de comportamientos de riesgo, y mejor salud materna y comunicacion conyugal. Conclusiones: Con base en los hallazgos que indican que la participacion masculina se asocia positivamente con mejores resultados de salud reproductiva en el Africa subsahariana, los proveedores de servicios de salud y los planificadores de programas deberian considerar incluir a los hombres en las intervenciones de salud reproductiva cuando sea posible. Contexte: Malgre l'amelioration des indicateurs de sante reproductive chez les femmes d'Afrique subsaharienne, la persistance de resultats defavorables souligne la necessite d'examiner les interventions recentes en vue d'eclairer la recherche, la programmation et les politiques futures. Etant donne, dans ce contexte, l'immense role des hommes dans les decisions ayant trait a la reproduction, l'evaluation de leur participation aux programmes de sante reproductive represente une etape importante en termes de reponse aux besoins des hommes, de soutien de la sante des femmes et d'amelioration de la sante des familles. Methodes: Un examen de portee a ete effectue pour identifier la litterature pertinente et evaluer les signes de l'impact de la participation masculine aux interventions de sante reproductive. La recherche a ete menee dans sept bases de donnees au moyen de termes associes a la participation masculine et a la sante reproductive; elle s'est limitee aux etudes effectuees en Afrique subsaharienne et publiees en anglais entre 2007 et 2018. Les etudes restantes ont ete evaluees d'apres les caracteristiques des participants, les contextes, le plan de recherche, les cadres theoriques, les mesures de resultat et les observations. Resultats: La recherche a identifie 18 etudes menees dans huit pays. Les interventions engageaient les participants au moyen de strategies recourant, notamment, aux agents de sante communautaire, aux invitations ecrites, aux pairs, aux dirigeants communautaires ou religieux et aux campagnes mediatiques. Les resultats montrent que les hommes sont disposes a participer aux programmes de sante reproductive et que leur participation est associee a une adoption accrue des services de planification familiale et du conseil et depistage du VIH, a la reduction des comportements a risques et a l'amelioration de la sante maternelle et de la communication au sein du couple. Conclusions: Face au constat de l'association positive entre la participation masculine et l'amelioration des resultats de sante reproductive en Afrique subsaharienne, il convient que les prestataires de sante et les planificateurs de programmes incluent si possible les hommes dans les interventions de sante reproductive.

This article assumes that labor arbitrators are influenced by values or predilections which provide them standards for judgment. An arbitrator is involved in social interaction. The article examines the literature of labor arbitration. Professor Russell Smith wrote in 1952 that ten years should show whether or not arbitrators had developed principles which would become part of the knowledge of bargainers. In addition, most arbitrators will not endorse subcontracting where a company economizes by taking advantage of the lower wage rates.

Efforts to aid in the reconstruction of the war-disrupted labor movements of other countries have consisted, in large part, of acquainting foreign unionists with American ideas and methods. Success of this technique is necessarily affected by what individuals in the countries concerned think of American labor. Do they understand it? Do they approve of the methods of American unions? Are our techniques and ideas considered to he workable in other countries? This review article discusses answers to these questions as found in a book on American unionism by a young Italian, Franco Ferrarotti, who spent two years in the United States observing the labor scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we overview nonparametric (spline and kernel) regression methods and illustrate how they may be used in labor economics applications. We focus our attention on issues commonly found in the labor literature such as how to account for endogeneity via instrumental variables in a nonparametric setting. We showcase these methods via data from the Current Population Survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]