Search

Considerable resources are being invested in strategies to facilitate the sharing of data across domains, with the aim of addressing inefficiencies and biases in scientific research and unlocking potential for science-based innovation. Still, we know too little about what determines whether scientific researchers actually make use of the unprecedented volume of data being shared. This study characterizes the factors influencing researcher data reuse in terms of their relationship to a specific research project, and introduces subjectification as the mechanism by which these influencing factors are activated. Based on our analysis of semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 24 data reusers and intermediaries, we find that while both project-independent and project-dependent factors may have a direct effect on a single instance of data reuse, they have an indirect effect on recurring data reuse as mediated by subjectification. We integrate our findings into a model of recurring data reuse behavior that presents subjectification as the mechanism by which influencing factors are activated in a propensity to engage in data reuse. Our findings hold scientific implications for the theorization of researcher data reuse, as well as practical implications around the role of settings for subjectification in bringing about and sustaining changes in researcher behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid caps on federal research funding, lingering worries over a reproducibility crisis, and an uptick in antiscience attitudes coming out of the COVID-19 pandemic, social scientists in the United States might be forgiven for feeling a bit glum. Accordingly, I How Social Science Got Better i opens with a positionality statement, in which Grossmann reflects on how his own biography and the preoccupations of his field shape the kinds of questions he is inclined to ask and the answers he finds satisfying. While a majority of his survey respondents perceived that social science research is becoming more empirical, quantitative, and causal in nature, "cultural anthropologists were the only major subfield in any discipline to perceive research as becoming more theoretical, qualitative, and descriptive" (p. 61). [Extracted from the article]

Earlier this year, a study of the effects of heterologous boost immunization against COVID-19 was published in I PLOS Medicine i [[1]]. There is also clear evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic led to an uptick in preprint sharing by health science researchers, with as many as 5,000 COVID-19 preprints posted in a single month at its peak [[6]]. PLOS and medRxiv In 2019, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) launched medRxiv, a dedicated preprint server for manuscripts in the medical, clinical, and related health sciences. [Extracted from the article]

Critically cued to a political moment at which "the rural" across diverse North American locales is taken to be a singular, homogeneous place, this introduction to the special issue explores the value of comparative inquiry into settings and subject positions that index the rural in markedly different ways. It does so through the conceit of an anthropological almanac: a genre of forecasting through brief, necessarily ephemeral provocations, which both register the uneven production of space and value across their contexts and illuminate social transformations that extend well beyond the rural. Like other almanacs, ours is marked by a commitment to formal and epistemological pluralism, featuring contributions from scholars across the career cycle and presenting creative narrative selections side by side with more conventionally ethnographic ones. Asserting in the face of widespread precarity that rurality has a consequential future, it looks ahead to ask what the study of rural North America might yet become. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems of control and communication endemic to powered flight have given rise to a range of media forms, which this article proposes to designate aviation media. Today, the maturation and proliferation of unmanned aircraft or drones is reconfiguring the media technologies, infrastructures, and practices on which pilots have previously relied. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with drone pilots and other airspace users in North Dakota, a US state that has courted the unmanned aircraft industry in a bid for economic diversification, this article describes the mundane forms of media labor that underpin the operation of unmanned systems. It also shows how contemporary efforts to achieve an integrated airspace in which both manned and unmanned aircraft can fly depend on the widespread adoption of transmissive media technologies. This demand defines the current media practices of rural airspace users as impediments to progress. By highlighting the politics of aviation media at a moment when drones are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, this article reveals how changes in what it means to be a pilot hinge on shifting claims about which media matter most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to determine the concentration of gold in rock samples. 44 reference materials (mostly compressed fine powders) of various chemical compositions, with a quasi-homogeneous concentration of gold varying from 0 to 1000 ppm, were used to establish the calibration curve for the Au I 267.59 nm line. A chemometric study based on the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that ~ 83% of the LIBS spectra variations are attributable to the presence of iron in the samples. Two distinct branches were obtained in the calibration curve: one for Si -rich samples (< 5% of iron) and one for Fe-rich samples (> 13% of iron) with limits of detection of 0.8 ppm and 1.5 ppm, respectively. Different normalization schemes of the gold signal were tested in order to reduce the matrix effects. The LIBS analysis was performed on various mineral samples of practical interest, namely two Si-rich uncompressed ore powders, fine and granular, and three bulk drill cores. The fluctuations in the gold concentration measurements appear to be about two times greater in the granular powder (5–10%) than in the fine one (2–5%). A detailed mapping of the gold concentration on a solid drill core was also performed, revealing multiscale heterogeneity of the gold distribution on the surface of the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses aspects of the Open Researcher and Contributor Identification (ORCID), a 16-digits identifier which can be used by scholars to identify themselves uniquely in scholarly publications, as a solution to the so-called name disambiguation problem as of 2016. He cites the example of the Orokaiva name system to make a point that such problem is not understood to be a problem globally in a bid to engage and honor feminist efforts to challenge norms of pseudonyms and collectives.

The article presents the author's comments on an instrument called community needs assessment for documenting and analyzing the information needs of the populations served by a library. The author says that the practice of community needs assessment has evolved over time. It is also mentioned by the author that this practice has got the power to offer valuable insight into the information needs of the populations.

The demand for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EV) has triggered an unprecedented interest in this metal. Although there is asignificant history in the scientific literature regarding lithium mining in Quebec between 1950–1980, very few studies document the current state of the art and address the possibility of the province integrating alocal production chain oriented towards the EV battery market. This paper presents Quebec's position and analyses its needs and potential market through aliterature review focusing on the main opportunities to produce domestic spodumene concentrates, as well as the major challenges the province will have to face to make the most of its competitive advantages. Furthermore, it provides an updated list of lithium mineral resources and reserves in Quebec, in compliance with NI 43–101. The results show that Quebec holds 94.1% and 85.8% of all Canadian mineral reserves and resources, respectively. The paper also provides an overview of the lithium industry in the province and compares its status with other Canadian jurisdictions. Quebec lithium mines would benefit if their production could be directly integrated with other local or nearby partners, generating ajoint benefit throughout the manufacturing chain of lithium-ion batteries for the EV market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report of activities of Simmons chapter of the Progressive Librarians Guild (PLG) in Boston, Massachusetts. The chapter celebrated its first anniversary on May 1, 2007. It conducted film screenings about immigration and a lecture by a founding member of the Boston's Women's Health Book Collective Sally Whelan. Simmons chapter of the PLG has partnered with the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN) to offer workshop on making libraries safe spaces for gays, lesbians, bisexual and transgender (GLBT) patrons.

The article discusses the Sound + Vision section within the journal which would feature articles about anthropological research.

Using a calibration model built from 14 compressed powders of reference materials doped with gold in solution, the gold concentration of 32, 6-sided, ore samples was determined by LIBS and then compared to those obtained by conventional laboratory techniques (gravimetry/atomic absorption). The studied samples are on average ~ 4 cm long and they were collected from 6 different gold mines of the Abitibi greenstone belt (Canada). LIBS measurements are found to be accurate for homogeneous powder samples but can differ significantly from laboratory measurements for solid ore samples depending on the uniformity of the gold distribution at the sampling scale due to the diferent sampling approaches adopted by both techniques, i.e. surface sampling versus bulk. In addition, the LIBS sampling strategy, which consists of scanning along diagonals oriented transversely to the natural ore layers, was evaluated on the same 32 samples. This sampling strategy results in a gold concentration very close to that obtained by scanning the entire rock surface, but with only a small fraction (of the order of the square root) of the number of laser shots. Further, the influence of the chemical composition of the calibration samples on the properties of the plasma was studied by measuring the electron number density and temperature of the plasma. These parameters were found to be almost identical (1.70 ± 0.15 × 1016 cm−3 and 6200 ± 1000 K) within the uncertainty of the measurements despite the large difference in iron content (3% to 50%) of the samples. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]