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La entidad de los Noticiarios y Documentales (NO-DO) fue la encargada de construir una imagen identitaria del país acorde a los intereses políticos del Régimen. En el caso del turismo, fue a partir del desarrollismo cuando ocupó un lugar destacado. En este contexto, La Manga del Mar Menor se sumó a los contenidos de la promoción turística que las cámaras de NO-DO generaron, al tiempo que reflejaron el proceso de transformación de la zona, pasando de un ámbito casi salvaje a un paraíso turístico de primer orden. Este semblante de La Manga se cimentó en una serie de elementos que constituyeron la iconografía cinematográfica de este enclave. The entity of Noticiarios y Documentales (NO-DO) was commissioned to build an identity image of the country according to the political interest of the Regime. In tourism case, it was when the development took place, when NO-DO occupied a prominent place. In this context, La Manga del Mar Menor was added to the contents of the tourism promotion that the NO-DO cameras generated, while the transformation process of the area was also reflected, going from a wild area to a main touristic paradise. This appearance of La Manga was based on different elements that constitute the cinematographic iconography of this enclave.

The Mar Menor, a coastal lagoon located in the southeast of Spain, is one of the largest lagoons on the Mediterranean coastline. This singular area is subject to a wide range of uses, including large tourist resorts and intensive agriculture. The importance of the lagoon and its salt marshes in terms of biodiversity has been recognised in numerous international protection programmes. The distinctive environment of the lagoon has long been attractive for visitors. A surge in tourist activities has taken place in the area since the early 1960s, characterised by intense urban development along the lagoon’s perimeter to accommodate the growing seasonal population. This phenomenon has particularly affected La Manga, a sandy bar that is 20 km in length. La Manga acts as a barrier between the lagoon and the Mediterranean Sea, crossed by fimore or less functional channels called ‘golas’. The urbanization process has changed the water fl ow system between the inside and seawater through the channels. The changes have affected coastal dynamics, the longitudinal profi le of the coast and the lagoon’s ecosystem. The coastal lagoon is also highly threatened by other pollution variables derived from agricultural lands. The water derived from the Tajo-Segura transfer generated a profound land transformation of the adjacent agricultural areas, which changed from extensive dry crop farming to intensively irrigated crops, disturbing the lagoon dramatically. This paper analyses both land transformations around the coastal perimeter of the Mar Menor during the last 50 years and shows the environmental impact with its consequences on the ecosystem. Although numerous biological studies have been carried out in the Mar Menor, a better understanding of the consequences of land transformation in the perimeter of the lagoon is still necessary to understand the lagoon’s situation. The results of territorial management in the Mar Menor lagoon need to be addressed in order to develop successful strategies in the area to protect this valuable ecosystem and its services.

El proceso urbanizador que configura el actual litoral mediterráneo arranca con el turismo de masas que fomentaba la ley de Centros y Zonas de Interés Turístico Nacional de 1962 como apuesta estratégica nacional. 50 años después de su puesta es marcha, es necesario realizar un análisis retrospectivo de sus resultados, evaluando en que medida se han cumplido los objetivos que se trazaron en los años 60. La evolución del marco económico, político y legal son parámetros cuya incidencia aflora sin duda desviaciones sobre las previsiones iniciales de numerosos y grandes planes urbanísticos llevados a cabo en enclaves costeros creados desde la nada. El caso de La Manga del Mar Menor en la costa murciana, un destino de 250.000 veraneantes surgido de un desértico cordón dunar en los años 60, es sin duda un ejemplo, poco documentado a la vez que muy ilustrativo, de los resultados que se han obtenido. El estudio de su rentabilidad económica y social real como producto turístico frente los impactos territoriales y paisajísticos, el problema de la gobernanza en el marco del urbanismo o la capacidad de la propiedad privada para desarrollar por sí sola proyectos sostenibles en el largo plazo se abordan se abordan con el detalle y la objetividad investigadora que permite el estudio integral de un caso contrastado por la realidad. Todos ellos serán elementos a distribuir a uno y otro lado de la balanza de cara a evaluar la validez de un modelo de desarrollo litoral que tras cinco décadas podemos ya empezar a enjuiciar con suficiente perspectiva investigadora., García Ayllón Veintimilla, S. (2013). En los procesos de urbanización del litoral mediterráneo español, caso La Manga [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. doi:10.4995/Thesis/10251/28581., Alfresco

[EN] Bonet Castellana’s secondment to surrealism from his childhood will be decisive in the development of his work. From the Project of Maison Jaoul performed in Le Corbusier’s Studio, he will start the search of individualism in his work. The workshops building of Paraguay-Suipacha will be the exponent of the ideological burden received in Paris and it will endure along his career. In Antonio Bonet’s work made in La Manga del Mar Menor, he proposes and rehearses several vaulted roof systems that he will apply to the rest of his work. The return to the Mediterranean will shape Antonio Bonet’s spirit., [ES] La adscripción de Bonet Castellana al surrealismo desde su juventud, será determinante en el desarrollo de su obra. Desde el proyecto de la Maison Jaoul que realiza en el taller de Le Corbusier, iniciará la búsqueda de lo individual en su obra. El edificio de talleres de Paraguay-Suipacha será el exponente de toda la carga ideológica recibida en París y que perdurará a lo largo de su trayectoria. En la obra que Antonio Bonet realiza en La Manga del Mar Menor, este propone y ensaya diversos sistemas de cubrición abovedados que aplicará en el resto de su obra. El regreso al Mediterráneo acabará de conformar el espíritu de Antonio Bonet.

[ES] La Manga del Mar Menor in the Region of Murcia every year reaches a population of more than 250,000 people during the summer, with only a few thousand in winter. This crowded environment with an asymmetric behaviour submits annual progressive impoverishment in its economic return. This questionable profitability is the result of a misguided urban development, and its results are analysed through the evolution of the land market and the resulting urbanization in the last 50 years using a GIS methodology., [EN] Urban planning is a lengthy and settled process which results usually emerge after several years or even decades. That is why it is necessary for a proper urban design of cities to use parameters that are able to predict and gauge the potential long-term behaviour of urban development. In the tourist towns of the Mediterranean coast, the long-term design is often at odds with the generation of business profits in the short term. We present here the results of this phenomenon for an interesting case of Spanish Mediterranean coastal city created from scratch in the 60s and turned into a tourist destination today hypertrophied. La Manga del Mar Menor in the Murcia region every year is reaching a population of more than 250,000 people during the summer, which are reduced to a few dozen in winter. This crowded environment with an asymmetric behaviour submits annual progressive impoverishment in its economic return. This questionable profitability is the result of a misguided urban development and the results are analyzed through the evolution of the land market and the resulting urban in the last 50 years with a SIG methodology.

The urbanization process that shapes the current Mediterranean coast started in Spain with mass tourism, encouraged by the National Law of Tourist Interest Areas in 1963 as a strategic investment. Fifty years after its implementation, it is necessary to conduct a retrospective analysis of the results, for the evaluation of the goals set in the 60s. The evolution of the economic, political and legal parameters show certain deviations from the initial forecasts of many urban plans carried out in coastal places created from scratch. The case of La Manga del Mar Menor is certainly an enlightening example of the results that have been achieved on a mass tourist destination. La Manga, located in the coastal Region of Murcia (south-eastern Spain), is a destination of 250,000 holidaymakers in summer which was a desert dune in the 60s. The study of feedback between a tourist model and urban planning reveals the problems of a tourist product to maintain its attractiveness in the long term. The short-term benefit of second homes versus hotels, the cost of maintaining the locations with high seasonality in demand or the target customer in a tourist destination are elements heavily influenced by urban planning in coastal cities. In this paper, all these elements will be distributed to either side of the balance, in order to evaluate the validity of the La Manga model.

In the 60's began the urbanization of La Manga del Mar Menor for tourism, an area so unspoiled and idyllic. Urban development was entrusted to the architects Antonio Bonet Castellana and Josep Puig Torné. The plan assumed conceptual change in tourism, from the traditional holidays to mass tourism. They studied the native landscape values and opted for the concentration of the intervention by building autonomous units sufficiently far from each other and arranged along a linear axis which is the area of La Manga, preserving the maximum possible territory and achieving the profitability of the operation by increasing the height of buildings. The separation of units allowed to enjoy the scenery and idyllic conditions of the situation between two seas, assuming a major attraction and durability over time, and advancing and advocating the precepts of sustainability and conservation of the landscape.