39 results on '"La Chine"'
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2. Pour une analyse critique du discours dans l'étude de la construction discursive de l'image nationale en français. Exemple d'application à des reportages français sur la Chine.
- Author
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CHEN Guangfeng and SHEN Huaming
- Subjects
CRITICAL discourse analysis ,NATIONAL character ,FUNCTIONAL discourse grammar ,FRENCH language ,ENGLISH language - Abstract
Copyright of Synergies Chine is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
3. Unpacking China's Social Credit System: Informatization, Regulatory Framework, and Market Dynamics.
- Author
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Jia, Lianrui
- Subjects
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SOCIAL Credit System (China) , *INTERNET users , *SELF regulation , *BIG data - Abstract
Background China, with a population of 802 million internet users, a handful of the world's largest internet companies, and an unfolding Social Credit System (SCS), is often criticized for exerting its data power to surveil and discipline its population. Analysis This article first provides a historical and situated analysis of the SCS as a part of China's informatization and datafication processes. It then highlights problems in the current legal and regulatory data-protection framework and discusses the self-regulation practices of the private sector. Conclusions and implications Overall, this case study provides a historical and contextualized understanding of China's SCS and related big data developments and assesses the implications of these development for the globalizing Chinese internet, technology companies and the Chinese public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. LA CHINE ET LES BALKANS OCCIDENTAUX: UN ANCRAGE A LA PERIPHERIE DE L'UNION EUROPEENNE?
- Author
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RICHET, Xavier
- Abstract
Copyright of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
5. The role of South-South China Cooperation towards Latin America and the Caribbean within the new global geopolitics
- Author
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Rampinini, Anahí, Fagaburu, Debora, Rampinini, Anahí, and Fagaburu, Debora
- Abstract
The current importance of China in the CID raises questions based on the guidelines expressed in China’s Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean 2016. In this, although the virtuous intentions of the CSS manifest themselves, there are reservations, its Plan Made in China 2025, regarding the possibility that the new geopolitical strategy made by LAC ignores the guidelines of the PABA., La actual importancia que denota China en la CID abre interrogantes a partir de los lineamientos expresados en el Documento de Política de China sobre América Latina y el Caribe 2016. Si bien allí se manifiestan las intenciones virtuosas de la CSS, existen reparos de cara al Plan Made in China 2025 respecto de la posibilidad de que la nueva estrategia geopolítica china hacia ALC desconozca los lineamientos del PABA., L’actuelle importance que dénote La Chine dans la CID, ouvre des points d’interrogation à partir des linéaments exprès dans le document de Politique de la Chine sur l’Amérique Latine et les Caraïbes de 2016. Même que de-là se manifestent les intentions virtuoses de la CSS, existes les doutes de face au Plan Fabriqué en Chine 2025 respect de la possibilité que la nouvelle stratégie géopolitique de la Chine vers ALC, ne reconnaît pas les linéaments du PABA.
- Published
- 2023
6. Elections in Africa and China's Position: African Opinion.
- Author
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Deych, Tatiana
- Subjects
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POLITICAL leadership , *ELECTIONS , *CORRUPT practices in presidential elections , *SUFFRAGE , *POLITICAL organizations , *RUNOFF elections , *BREXIT Referendum, 2016 - Abstract
Almost half of African conflicts are "post-electoral", aroused by disputed claims over legitimacy of the elections, including leaders staying in power past a designated two-term limit. Substantial proportions of the population in Africa are skeptical about the quality of their elections. They talk about vote manipulation, lack of transparency of election monitoring bodies and corruption. Poor electoral process produces public mistrust, protest, and violence. The most serious problem is interference of external forces into election process. The US brings "democracy" to Africa through a network of non-profit organizations and the experts in political quarters. The Beijing Model is known for its non-interference in policy of other countries. China advocates strong economic and political leadership, which is essential to growth and stability, while the West model places a premium on human rights and democracy. Most Africans believe that food, shelter and health are more important than the right to vote. So they make a choice for the Beijing Model instead of the Washington Consensus. But Zambia has become one of the first African countries where China's role turned into potent political issue. Michael Sata anti-Chinese sentiment helped him to defeat President Rupiah Banda on the elections of 2011. On the eve of Zambia's presidential elections one of the most common tropes about the vote was to describe it as a referendum on China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
7. Crimes et supplices dans la Chine chimérique
- Author
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Shi, Yichao
- Subjects
Octave Mirbeau ,China ,Le Code ,La légende ,Judith Gautier ,La Chine ,The Code ,The legend - Abstract
À la fin du XIXe siècle, la Chine est devenue une contrée idéale pour beaucoup d’écrivains français, tels que Judith Gautier et Octave Mirbeau, afin de construire un monde imaginaire. Leurs écrits concernant ce pays nous permettent de constater une rencontre littéraire dans leur création. Apprenante du chinois dès l’âge de 18 ans, Judith Gautier a réalisé diverses recherches sur l’empire du Milieu. Son étude sur le Code des Qing et sur des légendes religieuses en Chine nous fournira plus d’informations pour mieux comprendre le « Jardin » imaginé d’Octave Mirbeau., At the end of the 19th century, China became an ideal land for a large number of French writers, such as Judith Gautier and Octave Mirbeau, to build their imaginary world. Many intersections could be found in their literature works about this country. Learning Chinese from the age of 18, Judith Gautier has carried out various publications about China. Her research on the Code of the Qing dynasty and the religious legends of ancient China will provide us with more information to have a better understanding of the imaginary "Garden" of Octave Mirbeau.
- Published
- 2023
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8. China's Non-interference Policy towards Western Sahara Conflict.
- Author
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Wu Wanjun and Sobral, Pedro
- Subjects
- *
WESTERN Sahara conflict, 1975-1991 , *NEUTRALITY , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *CONFLICT management , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This article intends to present an overview of the Chinese stance and policies towards the still ongoing conflict in the Western Sahara region, as well as of its interaction with the players in the said conflict, Morocco and Algeria. A growing presence in the African continent, China has maintained a pragmatic neutrality towards the Western Sahara conflict, which is in line with China's longstanding "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence" and non- -interference policy. China also shares common ground with Morocco on its position towards the Taiwan issue. China's neutrality towards the Western Sahara issue does not affect its ever-closer diplomatic and economic relations with the two Northern African countries and serves to protect its vested interests in the region. In this article, we will analyze more closely why China maintains a non-interference policy in this and in other regional issues, as well how China has nevertheless become involved in the conflict, namely through international institutions and peacekeeping missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
9. China's Balancing Act in the Western Sahara Conflict.
- Author
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Hang Zhou
- Subjects
- *
WESTERN Sahara conflict, 1975-1991 , *AFRICAN peacekeeping forces , *CONFLICT management , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Despite China's growing interests in African peace and security, its role in the Western Sahara conflict remains detached, distanced, and largely confined to its participation in UNSC debates and MINURSO. This is partly explained by the limited China's overseas interests in Western Sahara. In the absence of significant conflict escalation, the status quo in Western Sahara allows Beijing's continued pursuit of economic cooperation with both Algeria and Morocco. Primarily through a realpolitik lens, Beijing does not see the current conflict irresolution posing significant risks to its economic, geopolitical and security interests in the wider North-western African region. Therefore any significant changes in Beijing's position on West Sahara remains unlikely in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
10. El psicoanálisis y el conocimiento de las experiencias de vida chinas.
- Author
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Gerlach, Alf
- Abstract
Already between 1920 and 1949 many Chinese philosophers, psychologists and literary critics translated and interpreted Freud and other psychoanalysts' works. After this first reception of Freud's ideas in China we find a new interest after the end of the Cultural Revolution, when Western psychoanalysts were invited to come to China to offer lectures, seminars and training courses in psychodynamic psychotherapy and in psychoanalysis proper. From his encounters with these Chinese candidates the author tries to differentiate two modes of "cultural unconscious" in different generations that can be studied by considering these experiences as ethnopsychoanalytic talks and to use a character analytical method to compare them with and draw conclusions about the 'cultural Unconscious'. The defense and coping mechanism to emerge most strongly from the analytic talks with participants at the end of the 90ies was over-cathexis of family ideals of strong performance. This conflict resolution pattern was especially frequent among members of Chinese families who had experienced together the attacks, persecutions and forced separations of the Cultural Revolution. In later years and even today we are confronted with the prototype of a narcissistic social character combining selfcenteredness, idealized self-conceptions and the denial of dependence on others. This 'new' social character does not seem to recognize the suffering and losses of the past. The author's findings, which are still very tentative, suggest that over the last 25 years a new character has emerged in China at least in the 'intellectual' social class and that this is connected to the enormous social changes which have taken place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
11. Job satisfaction of urban community health workers after the 2009 healthcare reform in China: a systematic review.
- Author
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MINGJI ZHANG, RONGRONG YANG, WEI WANG, GILLESPIE, JAMES, CLARKE, SUSAN, FEI YAN, Zhang, Mingji, Yang, Rongrong, Wang, Wei, and Yan, Fei
- Subjects
- *
JOB satisfaction , *COMMUNITY health workers , *COMMUNITY health services , *HEALTH care reform , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *DATA extraction , *PRIMARY health care - Abstract
Purpose: In 2009 China introduced a new round of healthcare reform to strengthen primary care networks through the development of Community Health Services (CHS). This study aimed to measure the degree of overall job satisfaction and also satisfaction dimensions and then find common causes of dissatisfaction among Community Health Workers (CHWs) in urban China by conducting a systematic review of relevant studies on CHWs' job satisfaction.Data Sources: Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, Wanfangdata and CNKI were searched.Study Selection: Publications about job satisfaction of CHWs were screened and assessed. Finally 18 Chinese articles and 4 English articles were included.Data Extraction: Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted for nine themes concerning job satisfaction. Narrative synthesis was employed to analyze the data.Results Of Data Synthesis: CHWs were generally neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their work after 2009. Financial rewards and opportunities for professional development were the most important determinants of job dissatisfaction. Workers were generally satisfied with interpersonal relationships in the workplace. The expanded public health services package and human-resources related regulations, e.g. the professional rank promotion system, government-controlled staffing policy (i.e. staff-quota system) and government-controlled budgetary planning (i.e. the Separation of Revenue and Expenditure), were policies that had an effect on job satisfaction.Conclusion: Financial rewards and professional development were the two main predictors of job satisfaction. To improve CHS in China, policy-makers (especially the central government) need to consider the impact of current policies on job satisfaction in order to reduce job dissatisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Les Effets De La Variation Du Yuan Chinois Sur La Compétitivité économique Chinoise
- Author
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BECHIR Sabiha and LACHI Oualid
- Subjects
Compétitivité ,Le Modèle ARDL ,La Chine ,Taux de Change - Abstract
Ce papier étudie comment la variation du taux de change affecte la compétitivité économique de la Chine à court et à long terme. Dans un premier temps on étudie et on analyse le lien entre le taux de change et les différents indicateurs de compétitivité dans la littérature économique, qui indique qu'une dépréciation du taux de change cause une véritable amélioration en termes de compétitivité à long terme, toutefois cet impact affecte négativement son niveau à court terme. Ensuite, dans la deuxième partie, par le biais d'une étude économétrique de données de la période allant de 1990-2016 en cas de la Chine, en utilisons le modèle dynamique ARDL, il montre qu'il existe une relation à court et à long terme entre les variables de l'étude, il démontre également, que la dépréciation du taux de change est bénéfique pour le cas de la Chine, où elle a un effet positif sur la compétitivité à long terme. Aussi les coefficients de correction d'erreur enregistré indiquent que les déséquilibres de court terme peuvent être corrigés et revenir à la situation d'équilibre à long terme, autrement dit, quand l'indicateur de la compétitivité est loin de son équilibre à court terme, il se peut être corrigé à des niveaux différents, jusqu'à ce qu'il revient à l'équilibre à long terme. This paper examines how the exchange rate affects the economic competitiveness of China in the short and long term. First, we study and the analysis of the link between the exchange rate and the various competitiveness indicators in economic theory, which indicates that a depreciation of the exchange rate causes a real improvement in terms of long-term competitiveness, but this impact negatively, affects its level in the short term. Then, in the second part, through an econometric study of data from the period 1990-2016 in the case of China, uses the ARDL dynamic model, it shows that there is a short and long relationship term between the variables of the study, it also demonstrates that the depreciation of the exchange rate is beneficial in the case of China, where it has a positive effect on competitiveness. Also the error correction coefficients recorded in China indicate that short-term imbalances can be corrected and return to the long-run equilibrium situation, in other words, when the competitiveness indicator is far from its equilibrium In the short term, it can be corrected at different levels, until it is up to the long-term equilibrium., {"references":["Bechir, S., & Boumoula, S. (2020). Les Effets De Court Et De Long Terme Du Taux De Change Sur La Compétitivité De l'Economie Algérienne . ElWahat pour les Recherches et les Etudes , 1164-1187","BKHITI, A., & BOUAOUINA, S. (2021). The effects of COVID 19 on small and medium enterprises - case of Algeria, China and the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Economic Growth and Entrepreneurship JEGE , 265-280. https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/141724","CEPII. (1999). économie mondiale. working paper.","Fang, W., Lai, Y., & Miller, S. (2006). Export promotion throught exchange rate changes: exchange rate depreciation or stabilization? Southern Economic Journal , 72 (3) 611-626.","Hamri, N., & Kelthoum, E. (2019). Export strategy is a mechanism to support the ompetitiveness of Algerian date products. Journal of Economic Growth and Entrepreneurship , 58-78. https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/122728","Krugman, P., & Obstfeld, M. a. (2006). économie internationale. France.: 7ème édition, Pearson Education.","Mostéfaoui, S., & Yousfat, A. (2018). The Relationship Between The Appropriate Exchange Rate Regime And The Economic Development: An Analytical Approach. Journal of Economic Growth and Entrepreneurship spatial and entreprenarial devlopment studies laboratory, https://jege.univ-adrar.edu.dz/index.php?journal=jege&page=article&op=viewpath%58%5D+20","Mucchielli, J. L., & Mayer, T. (2010). Economie internationale, cours et travaux dirigés. Paris: 2e édition, éditions Dalloz.","Wang, J., & Ji, A. (2006). Exchange rate sensibility of China's bilateral trade flows. BOFIT Discussion Papers, No. 19."]}
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Desaceleración económica ¿China en la tormenta?
- Author
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Salama, Pierre
- Abstract
Copyright of Ensayos de Economia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
14. The Life Cycle of Bare Branch Families in China: A Simulation Study.
- Author
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Quanbao Jiang, Zhen Guo, Shuzhuo Li, and Feldman, Marcus W.
- Subjects
FAMILIES ,LIFE tables ,LIVING alone ,MATERNAL age ,PARENTAL death - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Studies in Population is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
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15. AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE CHINA E AMÉRICA LATINA: IMPACTOS DE CURTA OU LONGA DURAÇÃO?
- Author
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Ferchen, Matt
- Subjects
CHINESE investments ,DEPENDENCY theory (International relations) ,ECONOMIC development ,HISTORY of economic development ,GOVERNMENT policy ,TWENTY-first century ,HISTORY ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,COMMERCE - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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16. A CHINA NA AMÉRICA DO SUL E AS IMPLICAÇÕES GEOPOLÍTICAS DO CONSENSO DO PACÍFICO.
- Author
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Vadell, Javier
- Subjects
HISTORY of international economic relations ,ECONOMIC development ,CHINESE investments ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on free trade ,ECONOMIC globalization ,TWENTY-first century ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. A ECONOMIA CONTINENTAL CHINESA E SEU EFEITO GRAVITACIONAL.
- Author
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Pautasso, Diego
- Subjects
CHINESE economic policy ,ECONOMIC development ,HISTORY of international economic relations ,FREE trade ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on free trade ,CHINESE investments ,HISTORY ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. O QUE ESPERAR DAS RELAÇÕES BRASIL-CHINA?
- Author
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Ramos Becard, Danielly Silva
- Subjects
CHINESE economic policy ,CHINESE investments ,BRAZILIAN investments ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,HISTORY ,ECONOMICS ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
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19. A CHINA E O BRASIL NA NOVA ORDEM INTERNACIONAL.
- Author
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Moreira Cunha, André
- Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in China, 2000- ,ECONOMICS ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,BUSINESS cycles ,HISTORY of international economic relations ,HISTORY ,TWENTY-first century ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,COMMERCE - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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20. CONVERGENCE MEASURES BETWEEN AND WITHIN CANADA AND CHINA.
- Author
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Sulaiman, Ablajan and Bryant, Christopher
- Subjects
ECONOMIC convergence ,SPATIAL analysis (Statistics) ,STATISTICAL correlation - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Regional Science / Revue Canadienne des Sciences Régionales is the property of Canadian Regional Science Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
21. Malaria elimination in China, evolution and challenges with respect to cross border transmission
- Author
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Zhang, Shaosen, STAR, ABES, Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Université Montpellier, Sylvie Manguin, Roger Frutos, and Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
- Subjects
Transmission du paludisme ,China ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Evolution ,Malaria elimination ,Élimination du paludisme ,Évolution ,Malaria transmission ,La Chine ,Cross border ,Transfrontalière ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
Malaria has occurred in 80% of the counties in China in the past. After several decades of effort, malaria prevalence decreased drastically and China is currently approaching elimination throughout the country. Information on malaria vectors is still found not well documented, which could hinder the development of appropriate surveillance strategies and WHO certification. The major risk to malaria elimination is the re-introduction of the disease from imported malaria cases. There are an increasing number of imported malaria cases caused by Chinese citizens returning from malaria-affected countries recently. The information about their characters, drivers and route of introduction in different areas will provide evidence-based data to policy makers where and when to carry out the interventions. This will in turn allow them to develop efficient guidelines for risk-assessment of malaria re-introduction and for allocating appropriate resources. As a country with over 1.3 billion population and a territory covering different climatic zones, lessons learnt from malaria elimination in China that could serve as references to other countries. According to the Belt and Road initiatives, China will participate more globally to governance related activities. Partners and stakeholders within Global malaria elimination campaign are interested to the future opportunity and potential fields that would involve Chinese expertise. 1.A summary analysis was conducted on the nationwide distribution of malaria vectors, their bionomic characteristics, control measures and related studies. The distribution in China of the principal malaria vectors was found reduced, in particular for Anopheles lesteri and Anopheles dirus s.l., including the two main malaria vector species, An. dirus and An. baimaii, which nearly disappeared after several years of malaria control effort. Anopheles sinensis, which was previously reported to be less efficient in malaria transmission, is becoming the predominant species in Southwestern China. The field sampling results indicated the existence of high efficient malaria vectors, e.g. An. minimus and An. harrisoni at the China-Myanmar border. In addition, elevated human-biting rates, high adult and larval densities, and parous rates were found in both An. sinensis and An. harrisoni, which reveal a very high receptivity and risk of malaria re-introduction along the China–Myanmar border. 2.The comparative analysis of imported malaria cases reported from former non-endemic areas and former endemic areas in China showed that all former non-endemic areas are now reporting imported malaria cases. 3. A summary analysis on malaria elimination progress since 2010, was carried out with specific focus on mapping the residual malaria foci and the distribution of malaria cases in China. The incidence of locally acquired malaria has declined sharply along with the concomitant decrease of malaria-endemic areas from 762 counties reporting malaria in 2010 to just two counties adjacent to border areas (Yunnan Province: China-Myanmar and Tibet, China-India) in 2016. In 2017, China achieved zero indigenous malaria case report for the first time. In conclusion, China is on the track to achieve malaria elimination by 2020. The risk of re-introduction caused by the emergence of imported malaria cases and the occurrence of highly efficient malaria vectors present in the country is still the target of malaria surveillance. To maintain malaria elimination, intensified international collaboration with specific focus on cross-border areas and mobile/migrant population is called to take actions. The pilot studies on how to introduce the lessons learned from malaria elimination in China and the Chinese expertise are on the list to take action in future, which would harmonize the China aid to malaria elimination in the target countries., Le paludisme a déjà sévi dans 80% des pays chinois. Après plusieurs décennies d’efforts, la prévalence du paludisme a considérablement diminué et la Chine est sur le point de l’éliminer dans tout le pays. Les informations sur les vecteurs du paludisme ne sont toujours pas bien documentées, ce qui pourrait entraver l'élaboration de stratégies de surveillance appropriées et la certification par l'OMS. Le principal risque pour l'élimination du paludisme est la réintroduction de la maladie à partir de cas de paludisme importés. De plus en plus de cas de paludisme importés sont causés par des citoyens chinois revenant récemment de pays touchés par le paludisme. Les informations sur leurs personnages, leurs conducteurs et leur voie d’introduction dans différentes zones fourniront aux décideurs politiques des données factuelles où et quand effectuer les interventions. Avec plus de 1,3 milliard d’habitants et un territoire couvrant différentes zones climatiques, les enseignements tirés de l’élimination du paludisme en Chine pourraient servir de référence à d’autres pays. Selon les initiatives Belt and Road, la Chine participera plus globalement aux activités liées à la gouvernance. Les partenaires et les parties prenantes de la campagne mondiale pour l’élimination du paludisme s'intéressent aux opportunités futures et aux domaines potentiels qui impliqueraient une expertise chinoise. 1.Une analyse récapitulative a été réalisée sur la distribution à l'échelle nationale des vecteurs du paludisme, leurs caractéristiques bionomiques, leurs mesures de contrôle et les études connexes. La distribution en Chine des principaux vecteurs du paludisme a été réduite. Anopheles sinensis, qui avait déjà été signalé comme étant moins efficace dans la transmission du paludisme, est en train de devenir l’espèce prédominante dans le sud-ouest de la Chine. Les résultats de l'échantillonnage sur le terrain ont indiqué l'existence de vecteurs du paludisme hautement efficaces, par ex. An. minimus et An. harrisoni à la frontière Sino-Birmane. De plus, des taux élevés de piqûres humaines, des densités élevées d'adultes et de larves et des taux de parous ont été observés chez An. sinensis et An. harrisoni, qui révèlent une très grande réceptivité et un risque élevé de réintroduction du paludisme le long de la frontière Sino-Birmane. 2. L'analyse comparative des cas importés de paludisme signalés dans d'anciennes zones non endémiques et d'anciennes zones endémiques en Chine a montré que toutes les anciennes zones non endémiques signalaient désormais des cas importés de paludisme. 3. Une analyse résumée des progrès accomplis en matière d'élimination du paludisme depuis 2010 a été réalisée, avec un accent particulier sur la cartographie des foyers de paludisme résiduels et la répartition des cas de paludisme en Chine. L'incidence du paludisme contracté localement a fortement diminué, parallèlement à la diminution concomitante des zones d'endémie palustre de 762 comtés signalant le paludisme en 2010 à seulement deux comtés adjacents aux zones frontalières (Province du Yunnan: Chine-Myanmar et Tibet, Chine-Inde). En 2017, la Chine a atteint pour la première fois zéro cas de paludisme autochtone. En conclusion, la Chine est sur la voie de l’élimination du paludisme d’ici 2020. Le risque de réintroduction lié à l’émergence de cas importés de paludisme et à la présence de vecteurs du paludisme hautement efficaces présents dans le pays reste la cible de la surveillance du paludisme. Afin de maintenir l'élimination du paludisme, une collaboration internationale intensifiée, axée sur les zones transfrontalières et la population mobile / migrante, est appelée à prendre des mesures. Les études pilotes sur la manière de présenter les leçons tirées de l'élimination du paludisme en Chine et l'expertise Chinoise sont sur la liste des mesures à prendre, qui harmoniseraient l'aide de la Chine à l'élimination du paludisme dans les pays cibles.
- Published
- 2019
22. Disciplinary representations of the FLE discipline in a comprehensive university : a case study of RENMIN University of China
- Author
-
Tian, Yuan, DILTEC - Didactique des langues, des textes et des cultures - EA 2288 (DILTEC), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université des langues étrangères (Pékin), Emmanuel Fraisse, and Rong Fu
- Subjects
China ,Disciplinary representations ,Représentations disciplinaires ,Le FLE ,The FLE discipline ,La Chine ,Université pluridisciplinaire ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,Comprehensive university - Abstract
Compared to the multiplication of French departments in Chinese higher education, the FLE discipline is developing slowly in comprehensive universities. The dynamics of sustainable development are lacking in these areas, whether in terms of students’ learning motivation, teachers’ teaching and research impetus, or the support of responsible at university level.Given this situation, taken for the field Renmin University of China (RUC), this thesis seeks to study the disciplinary representations of the FLE discipline of the participants (students, teachers and responsibles) in the field. We find out the factors that influence the FLE discipline construction, such as the disciplinary representations, the conception of the language, the disciplinary status of the FLE discipline, the institutional policies, as well as the general level of the FLE discipline in upper Chinese environment. In the light of Edgar Morin’s “complex thinking”, we return to the FLE disciplinary construction model in this comprehensive and research-oriented university and explain the need for complex thinking for disciplinary construction. We present tentative solutions and didactic practices in order to remedy the disciplinary construction of the FLE under current conditions in RUC.; Par rapport à la multiplication des départements de français dans l’enseignement supérieur chinois, la discipline FLE se développe lentement dans des universités pluridisciplinaires. La dynamique du développement durable manque dans ces terrains, que ce soit en ce qui concerne les motivations d’apprentissage des étudiants, d’enseignement et de recherche des enseignants, ou des soutiens des responsables au niveau universitaire.Eu égard à cette situation, pris pour terrain l’Université Renmin de Chine, notre travail cherche à étudier les représentations disciplinaires du FLE des acteurs du terrain. Nous arrivons à repérer les facteurs qui pèsent sur la disciplinarisation du FLE tels que les représentations disciplinaires, la conception de la langue, le statut disciplinaire du FLE, les politiques institutionnelles, ainsi que le niveau général de la discipline FLE en milieu supérieur chinois. À la lumière de la « pensée complexe » d’Edgar Morin, nous procédons à un retour sur le modèle de construction disciplinaire du FLE dans cette université pluridisciplinaire axée sur la recherche et expliquons la nécessité d’une pensée complexe pour la construction disciplinaire. Nous présentons des solutions provisoires et des pratiques didactiques en vue de remédier à la construction disciplinaire du FLE selon les conditions actuelles.
- Published
- 2018
23. La imagen de China y la geografía urbana china en Occidente: reflexiones desde la península Ibérica
- Author
-
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Xeografía, Lois González, Rubén Camilo, Piñeira Mantiñán, María José, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Xeografía, Lois González, Rubén Camilo, and Piñeira Mantiñán, María José
- Abstract
Según Edward Said, a partir de la edad media, la civilización china ha aparecido, a los ojos de los europeos, como ejemplo acabado de lo oriental. Esto implicó una imagen de lejanía, cierto exotismo y un enorme desconocimiento de las claves internas de este extenso territorio, salvo en contadas excepciones donde lo chino significaba novedad (la pólvora, el vestido, la pasta, etc.). Esta imagen, muy arraigada en Occidente, ha sido transferida a la ciencia europea y norteamericana desde el siglo xix. De hecho, en el presente artículo, se constata la ignorancia que expresan libros muy prestigiosos de historia y teoría geográficas escritos en español, francés o inglés sobre lo realizado en esta nación. No obstante, el gran potencial exhibido por China durante los últimos decenios ha despertado un notable interés en nuestro mundo. Por eso, se evocan dos grandes obras interpretativas de la lógica económica, la cultura y el comportamiento científico chinos publicados recientemente: la de Gloria Davies y la de Giovanni Arrighi. Una atención que, finalmente, ha pasado al mundo de los estudios geográficos y urbanos, como se demuestra en el recuento efectuado sobre la creciente presencia de trabajos referidos a las ciudades y al proceso de urbanización china en las más prestigiosas revistas globales de la materia, Segons Edward Said, a partir de l’edat mitjana, la civilització xinesa ha aparegut, als ulls dels europeus, com un exemple acabat del món oriental. Això va implicar una imatge de llunyania, cert exotisme i un enorme desconeixement de les claus internes d’aquest extens territori, tret de comptades excepcions on tot el que estava relacionat amb la Xina significava novetat (la pólvora, la roba, la pasta, etc.). Aquesta imatge, molt arrelada a Occident, ha estat transferida a la ciència europea i nord-americana des del segle xix. De fet, al present article, s’hi constata l’enorme desconeixement que expressen llibres molt prestigiosos d’història i de teoria geogràfiques escrits en espanyol, francès o anglès sobre tot el que s’ha realitzat en aquesta nació. Tanmateix, l’enorme potencial desplegat per la Xina durant els darrers decennis ha despertat un gran interès al nostre món. Per això, s’evoquen dues grans obres interpretatives de la lògica econòmica, la cultura i el comportament científic xinesos publicats recentment: la de Gloria Davies i la de Gianni Arrighi. Una atenció que finalment ha passat al món dels estudis geogràfics i urbans, com es demostra en el recompte efectuat sobre la creixent presència de treballs referits a les ciutats i al procés d’urbanització xinesa en les més prestigioses revistes globals de la matèria, Selon Edward Said, depuis le moyen-âge, la civilisation chinoise est apparue, aux yeux des Européens, comme un parfait exemple de l’Orient. Il s’agissait une image d’éloignement, d’un certain exotisme et d’une énorme ignorance des clés internes de ce vaste territoire, sauf à rares exceptions où les produits chinois évoquaient la nouveauté (la poudre à canon, la robe, les pâtes, etc.). Cette image profondément enracinée dans le monde occidental a été transférée à la science européenne et américaine depuis le xixe siècle. En fait, cet article souligne l’ignorance exprimée dans des livres très prestigieux sur d´histoire et la théorie géographiques écrits en espagnol, français ou anglais sur ce qui ce faisait en Chine. Cependant, le grand potentiel affiché par la Chine ces dernières décennies a suscité un intérêt notable dans notre monde. C’est pourquoi nous évoquons deux grandes œuvres interprétatives de la logique économique, de la culture et du comportement scientifique chinois publiés récemment : ceux de Gloria Davies et de Gianni Arrighi, une attention qui s’est finalement transférée au monde des études géographiques et urbaines, comme l’indique le décompte effectué sur la présence croissante de travaux se référant aux villes et au processus d’urbanisation chinois dans les plus prestigieuses revues mondiales de la matière, Following Edward Said, since the Middle Ages, Chinese civilization has appeared, to the eyes of Europeans, as a perfect example of the Oriental. This image evoked remoteness and a certain exoticism, and implied a lack of knowledge about the internal keys of this vast territory, except where Chineseness entailed novelty (gunpowder, clothing, pasta, etc.). This deeply rooted image in the West has been transferred to European and American science since the nineteenth century. This article verifies the enormous ignorance reflected in prestigious history and geographical theory books written in Spanish, French and English on the nation’s achievements. In our world, however, the tremendous potential exhibited by China over the last decades has aroused great interest. In this line, two recently published interpretative works by Gloria Davies and Gianni Arrighi about Chinese economic logic, culture and scientific behaviour are discussed. The field of geography and urban studies have also come to focus attention on these issues, as demonstrated in the growing number of works related to cities of China and the Chinese urbanization process in leading international journals on the subject
- Published
- 2017
24. The image of China and Chinese urban geography in the Western World: Reflections from the Iberian Peninsula
- Author
-
María José Piñeira Mantiñán, Rubén Camilo Lois González, and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Xeografía
- Subjects
China ,geography ,territorial knowledge ,system of cities ,urbanization process ,Territorial knowledge ,Geography, Planning and Development ,geografía ,conocimiento territorial ,sistema de ciudades ,proceso de urbanización ,Sistema de ciutats ,Conocimiento territorial ,Proceso de urbanización ,Système des villes ,Procés d'urbanització ,Sistema de ciudades ,Géographie ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Geografía ,Geography ,Le processus d'urbanisation ,Urbanization process ,La Chine, géographie, connaissance territoriale, système des villes, le processus d’urbanisation ,Coneixement territorial ,Le processus d’urbanisation ,Xina ,geografia ,coneixement territorial ,sistema de ciutats ,procés d’urbanització ,La Chine ,Connaissance territoriale ,System of cities ,Geografia - Abstract
A partir de la Edad Media, la civilización china ha aparecido a los ojos de los europeos como ejemplo acabado de lo oriental, siguiendo a E. Said. Esto implicó una imagen de lejanía, cierto exotismo y un enorme desconocimiento de las claves internas de este extenso territorio, salvo en contadas excepciones donde lo chino implicaba novedad (la pólvora, el vestido, la pasta, etc.). Esta imagen muy arraigada en Occidente ha sido transferida a la ciencia europea y norteamericana desde el siglo XIX. De hecho, en el presente artículo se constata el enorme desconocimiento que expresan libros muy prestigiosos de historia y teoría geográficas escritos en español, francés o inglés sobre lo realizado en esta nación. No obstante, el enorme potencial exhibido por China durante los últimos decenios ha despertado un gran interés en nuestro mundo. Por eso, se evocan dos grandes obras interpretativas de la lógica económica, la cultura y el comportamiento científico chinos publicados recientemente, los de G. Davies y G. Arrighi. Una atención que finalmente ha pasado al mundo de los estudios geográficos y urbanos, como se demuestra en el recuento efectuado sobre la creciente presencia de trabajos referidos a las ciudades y el proceso de urbanización china en las más prestigiosas revistas globales de la materia., Segons Edward Said, a partir de l’edat mitjana, la civilització xinesa ha aparegut, als ulls dels europeus, com un exemple acabat del món oriental. Això va implicar una imatge de llunyania, cert exotisme i un enorme desconeixement de les claus internes d’aquest extens territori, tret de comptades excepcions on tot el que estava relacionat amb la Xina significava novetat (la pólvora, la roba, la pasta, etc.). Aquesta imatge, molt arrelada a Occident, ha estat transferida a la ciència europea i nord-americana des del segle xix. De fet, al present article, s’hi constata l’enorme desconeixement que expressen llibres molt prestigiosos d’història i de teoria geogràfiques escrits en espanyol, francès o anglès sobre tot el que s’ha realitzat en aquesta nació. Tanmateix, l’enorme potencial desplegat per la Xina durant els darrers decennis ha despertat un gran interès al nostre món. Per això, s’evoquen dues grans obres interpretatives de la lògica econòmica, la cultura i el comportament científic xinesos publicats recentment: la de Gloria Davies i la de Gianni Arrighi. Una atenció que finalment ha passat al món dels estudis geogràfics i urbans, com es demostra en el recompte efectuat sobre la creixent presència de treballs referits a les ciutats i al procés d’urbanització xinesa en les més prestigioses revistes globals de la matèria., Selon Edward Said, depuis le moyen-âge, la civilisation chinoise est apparue, aux yeux des Européens, comme un parfait exemple de l’Orient. Il s’agissait une image d’éloignement, d’un certain exotisme et d’une énorme ignorance des clés internes de ce vaste territoire, sauf à rares exceptions où les produits chinois évoquaient la nouveauté (la poudre à canon, la robe, les pâtes, etc.). Cette image profondément enracinée dans le monde occidental a été transférée à la science européenne et américaine depuis le xixe siècle. En fait, cet article souligne l’ignorance exprimée dans des livres très prestigieux sur d´histoire et la théorie géographiques écrits en espagnol, français ou anglais sur ce qui ce faisait en Chine. Cependant, le grand potentiel affiché par la Chine ces dernières décennies a suscité un intérêt notable dans notre monde. C’est pourquoi nous évoquons deux grandes oeuvres interprétatives de la logique économique, de la culture et du comportement scientifique chinois publiés récemment : ceux de Gloria Davies et de Gianni Arrighi, une attention qui s’est finalement transférée au monde des études géographiques et urbaines, comme l’indique le décompte effectué sur la présence croissante de travaux se référant aux villes et au processus d’urbanisation chinois dans les plus prestigieuses revues mondiales de la matière., Following Edward Said, since the Middle Ages, Chinese civilization has appeared, to the eyes of Europeans, as a perfect example of the Oriental. This image evoked remoteness and a certain exoticism, and implied a lack of knowledge about the internal keys of this vast territory, except where Chineseness entailed novelty (gunpowder, clothing, pasta, etc.). This deeply rooted image in the West has been transferred to European and American science since the nineteenth century. This article verifies the enormous ignorance reflected in prestigious history and geographical theory books written in Spanish, French and English on the nation’s achievements. In our world, however, the tremendous potential exhibited by China over the last decades has aroused great interest. In this line, two recently published interpretative works by Gloria Davies and Gianni Arrighi about Chinese economic logic, culture and scientific behaviour are discussed. The field of geography and urban studies have also come to focus attention on these issues, as demonstrated in the growing number of works related to cities of China and the Chinese urbanization process in leading international journals on the subject.
- Published
- 2017
25. A economia continental chinesa e seu efeito gravitacional
- Author
-
Diego Pautasso
- Subjects
la Chine ,China ,efeito gravitacional ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Sociology and Political Science ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,l'économie continentale ,l'effet gravitationnel ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,economia continental - Abstract
O presente artigo aborda o desenvolvimento nacional e a inserção internacional da China. O objetivo é discutir como a formação de uma economia continental na China tem se transformado num fator de projeção desse país no sistema internacional, analisando como a formação de uma economia continental produz uma espécie de efeito gravitacional favorecendo a formulação da estratégia internacional chinesa nesta conjuntura de transição sistêmica. O artigo desenvolve-se discutindo com análises recorrentes sobre o processo de desenvolvimento e de inserção da internacional da China. O argumento central defendido no artigo é que o desenvolvimento da economia continental e a ampliação da capacidade econômica tornam-se um instrumento da política externa chinesa. Em outras palavras, a China tende a criar um forte efeito gravitacional em escala global e utilizar-se disso como parte de sua estratégia internacional. O artigo organiza-se da seguinte forma: na primeira parte, discorremos sobre a evolução recente do desenvolvimento chinês, centrando foco nos desafios da formação de uma economia de dimensões continentais; na segunda, abordamos como o incremento da capacidade econômica chinesa implica num crescente efeito gravitacional do país em escala global; por fim, argumentamos que a diplomacia da China utiliza-se dessas prerrogativas (capacidade econômica) para desencadear uma estratégia internacional que permita ao país, nesse quadro de transição sistêmica, ampliar seu espaço de atuação internacional buscando as linhas de menor resistência.
- Published
- 2011
26. A China e o Brasil na Nova Ordem Internacional
- Author
-
André Moreira Cunha
- Subjects
China ,Relações econômicas internacionais ,Sociology and Political Science ,ciclos de negócios ,Les cycles d’affaires ,Política econômica ,Brasil ,comércio internacional ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,Business Cycles ,le commerce international ,les cycles d'affaires ,la Chine ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,World Trade ,Brazil and China in the New World Order ,le Brésil ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,Brazil - Abstract
dans le centre des débats académiques et politiques. Dans ce travail, nous analysons quelques impacts de cet événement important, au Brésil. Nous vérifions le commerce bilatéral et les modèles de convergence cyclique entre les deux économies, en considérant une analyse plus large de la compétitivité extérieure de l’économie brésilienne. A partir de ce contexte, on vise à établir quelques uns des impacts possibles de l’ascension de la Chine à la condition de puissance mondiale, sur le Brésil. L’accent est mis sur la dimension économique, spécialement le commerce international. On part de la perspective selon laquelle, le processus de croissance et internationalisation de l’économie chinoise produit des stimulations capables de rendre possible le développement brésilien dans les prochaines décennies. Les arguments sont structurés en trois sections : (i) on cherche à représenter une vision panoramique de l’ascension chinoise, en prennant comme contexte la dynamique de la « grande divergence » ; (ii) on fait un résumé de la situation contemporaine de l’économie chinoise ; et (iii) on fait l’analyse des effets de la croissante internationalisation chinoise sur l’économie mondiale, en soulignant les cas de l’Amérique du Sud et du Brésil. Nous concluons en vérifiant quelques implications normatives de nos résultats. A ascensão chinesa à condição de potência econômica e política em nível global tem estado no centro dos debates acadêmicos e políticos. Neste trabalho analisamos alguns impactos desse evento marcante sobre o Brasil. Investigamos o comércio bilateral e os padrões de convergência cíclica entre as duas economias, considerando uma análise mais ampla da competitividade externa da economia brasileira. A partir deste pano de fundo, objetiva-se mapear alguns dos possíveis impactos para o Brasil da ascensão da China à condição de potência global. A ênfase recai sobre a dimensão econômica, especialmente o comércio internacional. Parte-se da perspectiva de que o processo de crescimento e internacionalização da economia chinesa está gerando estímulos capazes de condicionar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento do Brasil ao longo das próximas décadas. Os argumentos estão estruturados em três seções: (i) procura-se apresentar uma visão panorâmica da ascensão chinesa, tomando-se como pano de fundo a dinâmica da "grande divergência"; (ii) faz-se um apanhado da situação contemporânea da economia chinesa; (iii) a análise dos efeitos de sua crescente internacionalização sobre a economia mundial, com ênfase para os casos da América do Sul e Brasil. Concluímos explorando algumas implicações normativas dos nossos resultados. China’s rise to the role of global economic and political power has been at the center of recent academic and political debates. In this paper we analyze the impact that this has had on Brazil. We look at bi-lateral trade and standards of cyclical convergence for the two economies, considering a broader analysis of the foreign competitiveness of the Brazilian economy. On this basis, we seek to map out the impact that China’s rise to the position of global power may have on Brazil. We place emphasis on economic dimensions, international trade in particular. Our premises conceive of the process of growth and internationalization of the Chinese economy as generating a stimulus capable of influencing the potentials of Brazilian development over the next few decades. Our arguments fall into three sections: (i) an attempt at presenting a panoramic view of Chinese ascendance, against the backdrop of the dynamics of “major divergence”; (ii) an overview of the current situation of the Chinese economy; (iii) analysis of the effects of its increasing internationalization on the world economy, with emphasis on the specific cases of South America and Brazil. We conclude by exploring some of the normative implications of our results.
- Published
- 2011
27. China's performance in Sino-African cooperation and the impact in Africa's development
- Author
-
Ji Xiaosui and Vila Maior, Paulo
- Subjects
China ,Le développement ,Angola ,La coopération internationale ,Africa ,L´Afrique ,La Chine ,Development ,International cooperation - Abstract
Trabalho de Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Cooperação Internacional e Desenvolvimento Submitted by halves@ufp.pt (halves@ufp.pt) on 2015-01-20T12:28:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JI XIAOSUI MASTER DISSERTATION - Final Version.pdf: 1898327 bytes, checksum: 1db1b4c2eda586e8867ba1ec64ad6308 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-20T12:46:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JI XIAOSUI MASTER DISSERTATION - Final Version.pdf: 1898327 bytes, checksum: 1db1b4c2eda586e8867ba1ec64ad6308 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
- Published
- 2014
28. Les relations entre la Chine et l'Amérique Latine: des impacts à court ou long terme?
- Author
-
Matt Ferchen
- Subjects
investimentos ,China ,Sociology and Political Science ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,les investissements ,les affaires ,negócios ,la Chine ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Latin America ,América Latina ,dependência ,Business ,Investment ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,l'Amérique Latine - Abstract
O artigo foca as relações de negócios e investimentos entre China e América Latina na década de 2000. Há três interpretações principais, distintas e relacionadas, sobre esse conjunto de relações: para a primeira, a América Latina, uma região com recursos naturais abundantes, exporta produtos primários para uma China em expansão, mas carente de tais recursos. Sustentam essa interpretação aqueles, incluindo muitos representantes proeminentes do governo, que afirmam as relações econômicas entre China e América Latina serem fundamentalmente complementares, tendo um efeito positivo para ambas as partes. Em contrapartida, outros observadores têm destacado que o que é visto como complementaridade é na verdade apenas uma forma renovada de dependência latino-americana. Esses autores alegam que, apesar da rápida expansão dos negócios e investimentos trazer benefícios no curtoprazo para ambos os lados, essa natureza de relações baseada em commodities reforça os padrões disfuncionais de desenvolvimento da América Latina que muitos países da região há muito tempo renunciaram e têm tentando deixar para trás há mais de meio século. Tomando essa discussão como referência, apresenta-se, em primeiro lugar, uma visão geral das relações de comércio e investimentos entre China e América Latina, destacando o papel importante da demanda chinesa por commodities latino-americanas. Em segundo, descreve-se as diferentes interpretações sobre o que conduz essa relação comercial e quais são as suas conseqüências. Em terceiro, apresenta-se o argumento, por nós defendido, sobre como nós deveríamos entender o que tem conduzido as relações econômicas entre China e América Latina e o que está em jogo. Conclui-se explorando as implicações das nossas descobertas para a idéia de que a China oferece um modelo único de economia política doméstica e internacional. This article focuses on business relations and investments involving China and Latin America during the decade of the 2000s. There are three major interpretations, different yet interconnected, on this set of relations. According to the first one, Latin America, a region with abundant natural resources, exports primary products to a China in expansion that is experiencing a shortage of the latter. Close to this interpretation is also another one, advocated by prominent members of government, which asserts that economic relations between China and Latin America are fundamentally complementary and have a positive effect on both. In contrast, other observers have emphasized that what is seen as complementarity is in truth little more than a new form of Latin American dependence. These authors argue that, notwithstanding the rapid expansion of businesses and investments bringing short term benefits to both countries, the nature of these relations based on commodities actually reinforces dysfunctional standards of Latin American development which many countries within the region rejected some time ago and from which they have been trying to free themselves for a period now spanning more than half a century. Taking this discussion as our reference point, we present a general view of trade and investment relations between China and Latin America, highlighting the important role played by Chinese demand for Latin American commodities. This is followed by a description of different interpretations on what guides this commercial relationship as well as what consequences it may produce. We conclude by exploring the implications of our findings with regard to the notion that China provides the sole model for domestic and international political economy. L'article met l'accent sur les relations d'affaires et d'investissements entre la Chine et l'Amérique Latine dans les années 2000. Il y a trois interprétations principales, distinguées et liées, sur cet ensemble de relations : pour la première, l'Amérique Latine, une région avec des ressources naturelles abondantes, exporte des produits primaires à une Chine en expansion, mais en manque de ces ressources. En soutenant celle-ci, nous avons ceux, y compris beaucoup de représentants éminents du gouvernement, qui affirment que les relations économiques entre la Chine et l'Amérique Latine sont fondamentalement complémentaires, ayant un effet positif pour toutes les deux. Toutefois, d'autres observateurs soulignent que ce qui est vu comme une complémentarité, n'est en realité qu'une manière renouvelée de dépendance latino-américaine. Ces auteurs disent que, malgré que l'expansion rapide des affaires et investissements apporte des bénéfices à court terme pour les deux côtés, cet espèce de relation basée sur des commodities, renforce les modèles dysfonctionnels de développement de l'Amérique Latine, dont beaucoup de pays de la région ont renoncé il y a déjà longtemps, et essaient d'oublier depuis plus d'un demi-siècle. En prennant cette discussion comme référence, on présente premièrement, une vision générale des relations commerciales et d'investissements entre la Chine et l'Amérique Latine, en soulignant le rôle important de la demande chinoise pour les commodities latino-américaines. Deuxièmement, on décrit les différentes interprétations sur ce qui conduit cette relation commerciale et quelles seraient ses conséquences. Troisièmement, on présente l'argument, soutenu par nous, sur comment nous devrions comprendre ce qui conduit les relations économiques entre la Chine et l'Amérique Latine et ce qui est en jeu. On conclut en vérifiant les implications de nos découvertes avec l'idée selon laquelle, la Chine offre un modèle unique d'économie politique nationale et internationale.
- Published
- 2011
29. La Chine et le Brésil dans le Nouvel Ordre International
- Author
-
Cunha, André Moreira
- Subjects
China ,la Chine ,World Trade ,ciclos de negócios ,Brasil ,comércio internacional ,Brazil and China in the New World Order ,le Brésil ,Business Cycles ,Brazil ,le commerce international ,les cycles d'affaires - Abstract
A ascensão chinesa à condição de potência econômica e política em nível global tem estado no centro dos debates acadêmicos e políticos. Neste trabalho analisamos alguns impactos desse evento marcante sobre o Brasil. Investigamos o comércio bilateral e os padrões de convergência cíclica entre as duas economias, considerando uma análise mais ampla da competitividade externa da economia brasileira. A partir deste pano de fundo, objetiva-se mapear alguns dos possíveis impactos para o Brasil da ascensão da China à condição de potência global. A ênfase recai sobre a dimensão econômica, especialmente o comércio internacional. Parte-se da perspectiva de que o processo de crescimento e internacionalização da economia chinesa está gerando estímulos capazes de condicionar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento do Brasil ao longo das próximas décadas. Os argumentos estão estruturados em três seções: (i) procura-se apresentar uma visão panorâmica da ascensão chinesa, tomando-se como pano de fundo a dinâmica da "grande divergência"; (ii) faz-se um apanhado da situação contemporânea da economia chinesa; (iii) a análise dos efeitos de sua crescente internacionalização sobre a economia mundial, com ênfase para os casos da América do Sul e Brasil. Concluímos explorando algumas implicações normativas dos nossos resultados. China's rise to the role of global economic and political power has been at the center of recent academic and political debates. In this paper we analyze the impact that this has had on Brazil. We look at bi-lateral trade and standards of cyclical convergence for the two economies, considering a broader analysis of the foreign competitiveness of the Brazilian economy. On this basis, we seek to map out the impact that China's rise to the position of global power may have on Brazil. We place emphasis on economic dimensions, international trade in particular. Our premises conceive of the process of growth and internationalization of the Chinese economy as generating a stimulus capable of influencing the potentials of Brazilian development over the next few decades. Our arguments fall into three sections: (i) an attempt at presenting a panoramic view of Chinese ascendance, against the backdrop of the dynamics of "major divergence"; (ii) an overview of the current situation of the Chinese economy; (iii) analysis of the effects of its increasing internationalization on the world economy, with emphasis on the specific cases of South America and Brazil. We conclude by exploring some of the normative implications of our results. L'ascension chinoise à la condition de puissance économique et politique à l'échelle mondiale, est dans le centre des débats académiques et politiques. Dans ce travail, nous analysons quelques impacts de cet événement important, au Brésil. Nous vérifions le commerce bilatéral et les modèles de convergence cyclique entre les deux économies, en considérant une analyse plus large de la compétitivité extérieure de l'économie brésilienne. A partir de ce contexte, on vise à établir quelques uns des impacts possibles de l'ascension de la Chine à la condition de puissance mondiale, sur le Brésil. L'accent est mis sur la dimension économique, spécialement le commerce international. On part de la perspective selon laquelle, le processus de croissance et internationalisation de l'économie chinoise produit des stimulations capables de rendre possible le développement brésilien dans les prochaines décennies. Les arguments sont structurés en trois sections : (i) on cherche à représenter une vision panoramique de l'ascension chinoise, en prennant comme contexte la dynamique de la « grande divergence » ; (ii) on fait un résumé de la situation contemporaine de l'économie chinoise ; et (iii) on fait l'analyse des effets de la croissante internationalisation chinoise sur l'économie mondiale, en soulignant les cas de l'Amérique du Sud et du Brésil. Nous concluons en vérifiant quelques implications normatives de nos résultats.
- Published
- 2011
30. Que devons-nous attendre des relations entre le Brésil et la Chine?
- Author
-
Becard, Danielly Silva Ramos
- Subjects
China ,Economic and Commercial Relations ,la Chine ,les relations économiques et commerciales ,Bilateral Relations ,Brasil ,les relations bilatérales ,relações bilaterais ,le Brésil ,relações econômico-comerciais ,Brazil - Abstract
O artigo trata das relações recentes mantidas entre o Brasil e a República Popular da China (RPC). Objetiva-se apontar os resultados alcançados e os desafios remanescentes nas relações econômico-comerciais e na cooperação bilateral sino-brasileira nas últimas duas décadas (1990-2010). Utiliza-se a hipótese de que as relações entre Brasil e China apresentaram avanços durante o período graças, em especial, à maior liberdade de ação promovida pela interdependência crescente do sistema internacional; embora tais avanços tenham sido limitados devido, sobretudo, (i) às instabilidades internas no Brasil e na China e (ii) à falta de planejamento sistemático da parceria sino-brasileira. Para verificar a hipótese foi examinada a evolução histórica das relações sino-brasileiras, destacando as três primeiras fases das relações bilaterais, referentes à (i) gestação das relações (1949-1974); (ii) fixação das bases das relações (1974-1990); (iii) crise nas relações bilaterais (1990-1993). Em seguida, foram apresentadas as duas últimas fases das relações sino-brasileiras; (iv) o estabelecimento da parceria estratégica (1993-2003) e (v) a maturação das relações bilaterais sino-brasileiras (2003 aos dias atuais). Concluímos que, por um lado, os processos de abertura e globalização no início dos anos 1990 permitiram um aumento de laços entre Brasil e China e, por outro, crises de legitimidade chinesa no plano internacional e mudanças na política externa brasileira levaram a fortes impasses nas relações; por sua vez, enquanto o Brasil hesitou entre uma política externa cooperativa e desenvolvimentista e uma política externa neoliberal e autolimitada à exploração de aspectos econômicos, e submissa a forças hegemônicas internacionais, a China reforçou o pragmatismo de seu comportamento internacional, ampliando o perfil logístico de sua política externa e a busca por oportunidades já no início dos anos 2000. This article looks at recent relations established between Brazil and the People's Republic of China (PRC). Our goal is to draw attention to the results that have been obtained as well as the challenges that remain in Sino-Brazilian economic and commercial relations, as they have unfolded over the last two decades (1990-2010). Our hypothesis is that relations between Brazil and China have moved ahead during this period, particularly due to the greater freedom of action promoted by the growing interdependence of the international system. Nonetheless, progress has been limited, largely because of (i) internal instabilities in Brazil and China and (ii) the lack of systematic planning in the Brazil-China partnership. In order to verify this hypothesis, we have examined the historical evolution of Sino-Brazilian relations, highlighting the first three phases of bilateral relations, which we classify as follows: (i) relations management (1949 -1974), (ii) establishing the fundaments (1974-1990); (iii) crisis in bilateral relations (1990-1993). Next, we look at the last two phases of Sino-Brazilian relations, (iv) the establishment of strategic partnerships (1993-2003) and (v) maturity of Sino-Brazilian relations (2003 to the present day). We conclude that, if on the one hand the processes of opening and globalization at the beginning of the 1990s allowed for intensified relations between Brazil and China, on the other hand, Chinese crises of legitimacy at the international level and changes in Brazilian foreign policy created many knots in these relations. While Brazil oscilated between a cooperative, developmentalist foreign policy and a neo-liberal one limited to economic interest and submissive to internationally hegemonic forces, China reinforced its pragmatic international behavior, thus widening the logistic profile of its foreign policy and its search for opportunities, beginning in the early 2000s. L'article traite des relations récentes entretenues entre le Brésil et la République Populaire de La Chine (RPC). L'objectif, c'est de montrer les résultats obtenus et les défis qui subsistent dans les relations économiques, commerciales et dans la coopération bilatérale sino-brésilienne pendant les dernières décénnies (1990-2010). On utilise l'hypothèse selon laquelle, les relations entre le Brésil et la Chine ont présenté des progrès pendant cette période, particulièrement à cause d'une plus grande liberté d'action promue par l'interdépendance croissante du système international ; malgré les limitations de ces progrès, dues surtout, (i) aux instabilités internes du Brésil et de la Chine, et (ii) au manque de planification systématique du partenariat sino-brésilien. Pour vérifier l'hypothèse, l'évolution historique des relations sino-brésiliennes a été examinée, étant soulignées les trois premières phases des relations bilatérales, qui font référence à (i) la période de développement des relations (1949-1974), à (ii) l'établissement des bases des relations (1974-1990), et à (iii) la crise des relations bilatérales (1990-1993). En suite, les deux dernières phases des relations sino-brésiliennes ont été présentées ; (iv) l'établissement d'un partenariat stratégique (1993-2003) et (v) la maturation des relations bilatérales sino-brésiliennes (à partir de 2003, jusqu'à aujourd'hui). Nous concluons que, d'un côté, les processus d'ouverture et de mondialisation au début des années 1990, ont permis un resserrement des liens entre le Brésil et la Chine; d'un autre côté, les crises de légitimité chinoise dans le plan international et les changements dans la politique extérieure brésilienne, ont conduit à des fortes impasses dans les relations. A son tour, pendant que le Brésil hésitait entre une politique extérieure de coopération et développement, et une politique extérieure néolibérale et autolimitée à l'exploitation des aspects économiques, et soumise à des forces hégémoniques internationales, la Chine a renforcé le pragmatisme de son comportement international, en intensifiant le profil logistique de sa politique extérieure et la recherche d'opportunités déjà au début des années 2000.
- Published
- 2011
31. Que devons-nous attendre des relations entre le Brésil et la Chine?
- Author
-
Danielly Silva Ramos Becard
- Subjects
China ,Relações econômicas internacionais ,Hegemony ,Sociology and Political Science ,Relações internacionais - Brasil - China ,les relations bilatérales ,Brasil ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,relações bilaterais ,relações econômico-comerciais ,Maturity (finance) ,Globalization ,la Chine ,les relations économiques et commerciales ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Economy ,Order (exchange) ,Foreign policy ,Political science ,General partnership ,le Brésil ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,Legitimacy - Abstract
O artigo trata das relações recentes mantidas entre o Brasil e a República Popular da China (RPC). Objetiva-se apontar os resultados alcançados e os desafios remanescentes nas relações econômico-comerciais e na cooperação bilateral sino-brasileira nas últimas duas décadas (1990-2010). Utiliza-se a hipótese de que as relações entre Brasil e China apresentaram avanços durante o período graças, em especial, à maior liberdade de ação promovida pela interdependência crescente do sistema internacional; embora tais avanços tenham sido limitados devido, sobretudo, (i) às instabilidades internas no Brasil e na China e (ii) à falta de planejamento sistemático da parceria sino-brasileira. Para verificar a hipótese foi examinada a evolução histórica das relações sino-brasileiras, destacando as três primeiras fases das relações bilaterais, referentes à (i) gestação das relações (1949-1974); (ii) fixação das bases das relações (1974-1990); (iii) crise nas relações bilaterais (1990-1993). Em seguida, foram apresentadas as duas últimas fases das relações sino-brasileiras; (iv) o estabelecimento da parceria estratégica (1993-2003) e (v) a maturação das relações bilaterais sino-brasileiras (2003 aos dias atuais). Concluímos que, por um lado, os processos de abertura e globalização no início dos anos 1990 permitiram um aumento de laços entre Brasil e China e, por outro, crises de legitimidade chinesa no plano internacional e mudanças na política externa brasileira levaram a fortes impasses nas relações; por sua vez, enquanto o Brasil hesitou entre uma política externa cooperativa e desenvolvimentista e uma política externa neoliberal e autolimitada à exploração de aspectos econômicos, e submissa a forças hegemônicas internacionais, a China reforçou o pragmatismo de seu comportamento internacional, ampliando o perfil logístico de sua política externa e a busca por oportunidades já no início dos anos 2000. This article looks at recent relations established between Brazil and the People's Republic of China (PRC). Our goal is to draw attention to the results that have been obtained as well as the challenges that remain in Sino-Brazilian economic and commercial relations, as they have unfolded over the last two decades (1990-2010). Our hypothesis is that relations between Brazil and China have moved ahead during this period, particularly due to the greater freedom of action promoted by the growing interdependence of the international system. Nonetheless, progress has been limited, largely because of (i) internal instabilities in Brazil and China and (ii) the lack of systematic planning in the Brazil-China partnership. In order to verify this hypothesis, we have examined the historical evolution of Sino-Brazilian relations, highlighting the first three phases of bilateral relations, which we classify as follows: (i) relations management (1949 -1974), (ii) establishing the fundaments (1974-1990); (iii) crisis in bilateral relations (1990-1993). Next, we look at the last two phases of Sino-Brazilian relations, (iv) the establishment of strategic partnerships (1993-2003) and (v) maturity of Sino-Brazilian relations (2003 to the present day). We conclude that, if on the one hand the processes of opening and globalization at the beginning of the 1990s allowed for intensified relations between Brazil and China, on the other hand, Chinese crises of legitimacy at the international level and changes in Brazilian foreign policy created many knots in these relations. While Brazil oscilated between a cooperative, developmentalist foreign policy and a neo-liberal one limited to economic interest and submissive to internationally hegemonic forces, China reinforced its pragmatic international behavior, thus widening the logistic profile of its foreign policy and its search for opportunities, beginning in the early 2000s. L'article traite des relations récentes entretenues entre le Brésil et la République Populaire de La Chine (RPC). L'objectif, c'est de montrer les résultats obtenus et les défis qui subsistent dans les relations économiques, commerciales et dans la coopération bilatérale sino-brésilienne pendant les dernières décénnies (1990-2010). On utilise l'hypothèse selon laquelle, les relations entre le Brésil et la Chine ont présenté des progrès pendant cette période, particulièrement à cause d'une plus grande liberté d'action promue par l'interdépendance croissante du système international ; malgré les limitations de ces progrès, dues surtout, (i) aux instabilités internes du Brésil et de la Chine, et (ii) au manque de planification systématique du partenariat sino-brésilien. Pour vérifier l'hypothèse, l'évolution historique des relations sino-brésiliennes a été examinée, étant soulignées les trois premières phases des relations bilatérales, qui font référence à (i) la période de développement des relations (1949-1974), à (ii) l'établissement des bases des relations (1974-1990), et à (iii) la crise des relations bilatérales (1990-1993). En suite, les deux dernières phases des relations sino-brésiliennes ont été présentées ; (iv) l'établissement d'un partenariat stratégique (1993-2003) et (v) la maturation des relations bilatérales sino-brésiliennes (à partir de 2003, jusqu'à aujourd'hui). Nous concluons que, d'un côté, les processus d'ouverture et de mondialisation au début des années 1990, ont permis un resserrement des liens entre le Brésil et la Chine; d'un autre côté, les crises de légitimité chinoise dans le plan international et les changements dans la politique extérieure brésilienne, ont conduit à des fortes impasses dans les relations. A son tour, pendant que le Brésil hésitait entre une politique extérieure de coopération et développement, et une politique extérieure néolibérale et autolimitée à l'exploitation des aspects économiques, et soumise à des forces hégémoniques internationales, la Chine a renforcé le pragmatisme de son comportement international, en intensifiant le profil logistique de sa politique extérieure et la recherche d'opportunités déjà au début des années 2000.
- Published
- 2011
32. L'economie continentale chinoise et son effet gravitationnel
- Author
-
Pautasso, Diego
- Subjects
China ,efeito gravitacional ,la Chine ,Continental Economy ,l'économie continentale ,Gravitational Effects ,l'effet gravitationnel ,economia continental - Abstract
O presente artigo aborda o desenvolvimento nacional e a inserção internacional da China. O objetivo é discutir como a formação de uma economia continental na China tem se transformado num fator de projeção desse país no sistema internacional, analisando como a formação de uma economia continental produz uma espécie de efeito gravitacional favorecendo a formulação da estratégia internacional chinesa nesta conjuntura de transição sistêmica. O artigo desenvolve-se discutindo com análises recorrentes sobre o processo de desenvolvimento e de inserção da internacional da China. O argumento central defendido no artigo é que o desenvolvimento da economia continental e a ampliação da capacidade econômica tornam-se um instrumento da política externa chinesa. Em outras palavras, a China tende a criar um forte efeito gravitacional em escala global e utilizar-se disso como parte de sua estratégia internacional. O artigo organiza-se da seguinte forma: na primeira parte, discorremos sobre a evolução recente do desenvolvimento chinês, centrando foco nos desafios da formação de uma economia de dimensões continentais; na segunda, abordamos como o incremento da capacidade econômica chinesa implica num crescente efeito gravitacional do país em escala global; por fim, argumentamos que a diplomacia da China utiliza-se dessas prerrogativas (capacidade econômica) para desencadear uma estratégia internacional que permita ao país, nesse quadro de transição sistêmica, ampliar seu espaço de atuação internacional buscando as linhas de menor resistência. The present article looks at national development and China's international positioning. Our goal is to discuss how the formation of a continental economy in China has become a factor of that country's projection within the international system, analyzing how the formation of a continental economy produces a sort of gravitational effect that favors the formulation of a Chinese international strategy within this conjuncture of systemic transition. We discuss several recurrent analyses of the China's development and international position. Our central arguments is that the development of a continental economy and the widening economic capacity that has accompanied it have become a key instrument of Chinese foreign policy. In other words, China tends to have a strong gravitational effect at the global level which it uses as part of its international strategy. We organize the text in the following manner: first, we discuss the recent evolution of Chinese development, focusing on the challenges of forming an economy of continental dimension; second, we look at how growing Chinese economic abilities imply an increasing gravitational effect on the country at a global level and finally, we argue that Chinese diplomacy uses these prerogatives (economic capacity) to unleash an international strategy that, within this situation of systemic transition, allows the country to widen the scope of its international performance by searching for the routes of lesser resistance. L'article aborde le développement national et l'insertion internationale de la Chine. L'objectif, c'est de discuter comment la formation d'une économie continentale en Chine devient un facteur de projection de ce pays dans le système international, en analysant la manière dont la formation d'une économie continentale produit une espèce d'effet gravitationnel qui favorise la formulation de la stratégie internationale chinoise dans cette conjoncture de transition systémique. L'article est développé par la discussion, avec des analyses récurrentes, sur le processus de développement et d'insertion internationale de la Chine. Le principal argument soutenu dans l'article est celui selon lequel, le développement de l'économie continentale et l'agrandissement de la capacité économique, deviennent un instrument de la politique extérieure chinoise. Autrement dit, la Chine tend à créer un fort effet gravitationnel à l'échelle mondiale, et à l'utiliser comme partie de sa stratégie internationale. Voici comment l'article est organisé: dans la première partie, nous examinons l'évolution récente du développement chinois, en soulignant les défis de la formation d'une économie avec des dimensions continentales ; dans la deuxième partie, nous traitons du développement de la capacité chinoise et comment celle-ci implique un effet gravitationnel croissant du pays à l'échelle mondial ; ultimement, nous argumentons que la diplomatie de la Chine utilise ces prérogatives (la capacité économique), pour déclencher une stratégie internationale qui permet au pays, dans ce cadre de transition systémique, d'élargir son espace de performance internationale, en cherchant les lignes de moindre résistance.
- Published
- 2011
33. La Chine en Amérique du Sud et les implications géopolitiques du Consensus du Pacifique
- Author
-
Vadell, Javier
- Subjects
China ,la Chine ,l'intégration ,integração ,l'Amérique du Sud ,le Consensus du Pacifique ,Integration, Pacific Consensus ,South America ,América do Sul ,Consenso do Pacífico - Abstract
O artigo analisa as implicações políticas da crescente interdependência econômica entre a República Popular da China (RPC) e os países da América do Sul. Apresentam-se dados sobre o comércio e investimento da RPC na sub-região e destacam-se os avanços diplomáticos em matéria de cooperação bilateral no decorrer do século XXI. Parte-se da questão de se estaríamos perante um padrão de relacionamento que poderia constituir uma renovada relação de cooperação Sul-Sul ou, pelo contrário, um novo tipo de relacionamento Norte-Sul. A nossa hipótese é que a evolução e a dinâmica desse relacionamento se assemelham mais a um sistema ou padrão Norte-Sul com características bem particulares. Denominamos esse padrão de relacionamento de Consenso do Pacífico (CP). Embora no curto prazo o fator China estimule o crescimento da sub-região, o CP traz implicações diferenciadas para o desenvolvimento dos países que possuem um setor industrial importante - ex. Brasil e Argentina - e aqueles que não o possuem - ex. Chile e Peru, que inclusive assinaram tratados de livre comércio com o gigante asiático. O artigo conclui com algumas considerações a respeito das conseqüências que o CP tem no processo de integração sul-americana. This article analyzes the political implications of the increasing interdependence of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and South American countries. We present data on PRC investment and trade in the region and highlight several points of diplomatic progress in terms of bi-lateral cooperation for the 21st century. Our starting point is the issue of whether we face a relationship that could constitute a new form of South-South cooperation or whether it is more representative of the typical North-South pattern or system - albeit one with its own peculiarities. We refer to this relationship pattern as Pacific Consensus (PC). Although short term, the China factor may stimulate growth in the region, it also has different implications for the development of countries with an important industrial sector - such as Brazil and Argentina - and those that do not - such as Chile and Peru - which have all signed free trade agreements with the Asiatic giant. We conclude with some considerations regarding the consequences that the PC has in terms of Latin American integration. L'article analyse les implications politiques de la croissante interdépendance économique entre la République Populaire de la Chine (RPC) et les pays de l'Amérique du Sud. Des données sur le commerce et l'investissement de la RPC dans la sous-région sont présentées, et les progrès diplomatiques en matière de coopération bilatéral dans le XXI siècle sont soulignés. Premièrement, nous cherchons à savoir si nous sommes devant un modèle de relation qui pourrait constituer une relation renouvelée de coopération Sud-Sud, ou bien, un nouveau type de relation Nord-Sud. Selon notre hypothèse, l'évolution et la dynamique de cette relation ressemblent plutôt à un système ou à un modèle Nord-Sud aves des caractéristiques bien particulières. Nous appelons ce modèle de relation, le Consensus du Pacifique (CP). Malgré que le facteur Chine stimule, à court terme, la croissance de la sous-région, le CP a des implications différenciées pour le développement des pays qui détiennent un secteur industriel important - ex. Le Brésil et l'Argentine - et ceux qui n'en ont pas - ex. le Chili et le Pérou, qui ont même signé des traités de libre commerce avec le géant asiatique. L'article est conclu avec quelques observations sur les conséquences du CP dans le processus d'intégration sud-américaine.
- Published
- 2011
34. Les dimensions socioculturelles du développement économique : l'Europe, la Chine et la Corée du Sud
- Author
-
Wu, Zhongwen and Fisette, Jacques
- Subjects
L'Europe ,Pauvreté ,La Corée du Sud ,Théorie ,La Chine ,Dépendance ,Économie ,Socio-culture ,Développement - Abstract
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
- Published
- 2008
35. Challenges for the Aging Family in the People's Republic of China.
- Author
-
Phillips DR and Feng Z
- Subjects
- Aged, China, Humans, Public Policy, Aging physiology, Delivery of Health Care methods, Family, Social Support
- Abstract
The People's Republic of China has the largest population of older persons of any country in the world. It is a nation that has experienced enormous economic, social, and demographic changes over the past three and a half decades. Traditionally, the family was the main social support for older persons; this changed somewhat under early socialism, but in recent years, the importance of family support has been reasserted. However, over this time, the family's ability to support its older members has been considerably altered and arguably weakened. This article reviews four key issues (population change, the hukou system, economic reform, general features surrounding modernization) that have gradually changed families' capacity to provide support for older members. Research foci and public policy directions are considered under which the state might take some responsibilities from the family, support capacity to care, and improve the quality and quantity of support for older citizens.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The Feed: Waldorf Astoria Restaurants to Close.
- Author
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Passy, Charles
- Subjects
- *
RESTAURATEURS , *CHINESE restaurants , *MEALS , *PRESERVATION of architecture - Published
- 2016
37. Chinese Cuisine Goes Upscale.
- Author
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Holl, Sophia
- Subjects
- *
RESTAURANTS , *COCKTAILS , *ETHNIC foods - Published
- 2016
38. The Feed.
- Author
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Passy, Charles
- Subjects
- *
RESTAURANTS , *LUXURY hotels , *FOOD industry , *COOKS - Published
- 2015
39. A CHINA NA AMÉRICA DO SUL E AS IMPLICAÇÕES GEOPOLÍTICAS DO CONSENSO DO PACÍFICO
- Author
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Javier Vadell
- Subjects
la Chine ,l'intégration ,China ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Sociology and Political Science ,integração ,l'Amérique du Sud ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,le Consensus du Pacifique ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,América do Sul ,Consenso do Pacífico - Abstract
O artigo analisa as implicações políticas da crescente interdependência econômica entre a República Popular da China (RPC) e os países da América do Sul. Apresentam-se dados sobre o comércio e investimento da RPC na sub-região e destacam-se os avanços diplomáticos em matéria de cooperação bilateral no decorrer do século XXI. Parte-se da questão de se estaríamos perante um padrão de relacionamento que poderia constituir uma renovada relação de cooperação Sul-Sul ou, pelo contrário, um novo tipo de relacionamento Norte-Sul. A nossa hipótese é que a evolução e a dinâmica desse relacionamento se assemelham mais a um sistema ou padrão Norte-Sul com características bem particulares. Denominamos esse padrão de relacionamento de Consenso do Pacífico (CP). Embora no curto prazo o fator China estimule o crescimento da sub-região, o CP traz implicações diferenciadas para o desenvolvimento dos países que possuem um setor industrial importante - ex. Brasil e Argentina - e aqueles que não o possuem - ex. Chile e Peru, que inclusive assinaram tratados de livre comércio com o gigante asiático. O artigo conclui com algumas considerações a respeito das conseqüências que o CP tem no processo de integração sul-americana.
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