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Not long after the Colonia Copia Felix Munatia Lugdunum, in present day Lyon, France, was founded in 43 BCE by Lucius Munantius Plancus on the 300 m high Fourvière hill overlooking the Saone and Rhône rivers and the plains to the north and east, it became the capital of the Gallia provinces, growing to be with some 50,000 inhabitants the largest town in Gaul. In the early days, the colonia on the west valleys surrounded Fourvière hill and depended on local springs, wells, and rain cisterns for its water provision, which soon became insufficient for the growing city. A first aqueduct was constructed in 20 BCE, bringing waters from a spring some 10 km north of the town. In the decades to follow, another three aqueducts were added. All of the aqueducts were equipped with one or more pressure lines and installations of (inverted) siphons, totaling nine, to cross valleys that were thought too deep or too wide for a bridge. Today, the Métropole de Lyon counts over a million inhabitants; it is after Paris and Marseille the third largest town in France. Since 1998, Lyon has been listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, among others, because of the historic architecture in its urban settlements over 2000 years of age. This manuscript recounts the history and present remains of the four aqueducts and their nine extraordinary siphons, and is dedicated to Dr. Jean Burdy, who, with his team over many years of research of earlier literature and of investigations and discoveries of the physical remains of valley sites, produced a great number of publications saving the Lyon aqueducts from oblivion and leading to restorations in recent times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses a remarkable criminal trial which took place in early seventeenth-century France. In 1617, Gaspard de Monconys, son of a prominent judge in Lyon, was accused of committing sacrilege and theft in the basilica of Saint-Denis, and then framing an innocent man who was sent to the galleys. The case attracted significant contemporary interest because of the Monconys family's status and the way the dispute became a literary event. Monconys' adversaries circulated their arguments among an informed public through extrajudicial publications known as factums, and Monconys' counsel responded in kind. This trial is fascinating in itself, since it involved a complex and notorious appeal before the Parlement of Paris, and reveals how extrajudicial print interacted with oral and manuscript pleadings. But the affair also provides new insight into the relationship between criminal justice, social hierarchy, and personal identity in the seventeenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article s’intéresse à la mise en œuvre de la démarche d’autosurveillance des réseaux d’assainissement, obligatoire en France depuis 1994. Cette démarche vise à contrôler surtout les rejets d’eaux usées non traitées par temps de pluie dans les milieux récepteurs. Sa mise en œuvre n’est pas encore généralisée parmi les collectivités territoriales. L’article a pour objectif d’examiner ces difficultés. Pour cela, il s’appuie sur une analyse du cadre législatif et réglementaire de l’autosurveillance et deux études de cas : la Métropole de Lyon et Nantes Métropole, qui se sont engagées dans cette démarche à la fin des années 1990. Ces études de cas portent sur l’organisation déployée pour gérer cette surveillance. Elles ont impliqué la réalisation d’observations et d’entretiens au sein des services mobilisés dans l’autosurveillance (collectivités territoriales et agence de l’eau). Les études de cas montrent que l’obligation réglementaire est à l’origine du développement de l’autosurveillance. Celle-ci modifie l’organisation des services enquêtés, tout particulièrement à Lyon. Les changements permettent de répondre aux exigences réglementaires (produire des données sur les rejets). Toutefois, les moyens disponibles (personnels et budget) se révèlent limités pour exploiter totalement les potentialités des systèmes de mesure installés et répondre aux enjeux environnementaux rappelés par la réglementation.

Bankruptcy was a key institution in the development of markets in Europe. However, the territoriality of jurisdictions and legal systems made international insolvencies difficult to manage. In the middle of the seventeenth century, cities such as Lyon developed networks of cooperation by granting foreign merchants equal rights to local creditors on a reciprocal basis. However, courts were reluctant to give foreign authorities control over assets and creditors on their territory. The article examines how the Lyon commercial court changed its policy towards international insolvencies during the second half of the seventeenth century. Whereas equal treatment of foreign creditors was conditioned on the recognition of an extraterritorial jurisdiction in the medieval fairs system, it now depended on the reciprocity of the legal status granted to merchants abroad. This system of cooperation between equally sovereign courts prefigured in many ways the current situation of private international law in bankruptcy matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at the issues involved in outsourcing access to showers in Lyon. Looking at the case of a large city where there is only one public bath, the article explores the effects of the provision of access to hygiene by day shelters for homeless people, voluntary organizations frequented by the homeless and subsidized by the public authorities. This case study illustrates the wider dynamics affecting local social policies, where public action is being reconfigured by privatization and taken over by large philanthropic or religious organizations. Access to showers, which is central to the lives of homeless people, has been reduced by this process of outsourcing. The way the space is organized shows the lesser importance attached to showers compared with other day shelters services. Access to these showers, like their upkeep, is also subject to constantly precarious working arrangements, relying on social workers whose working conditions are under pressure and in the presence of volunteers who are essential to the running of the facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first half of the sixteenth century saw an explosion of popular revolts throughout Europe. Focusing on the French city of Lyon, the article analyses written expressions of revolt, including street bills, posters and, indirectly, oral relays. In April 1529, the city was devastated by the Grande Rebeyne (great revolt), triggered by a placard accusing the municipality of incompetence and corruption and calling for a riot. Despite the harsh repression, others appeared in the following years in an effort to rekindle the flame of rebellion. How did these writings come down to us and under what conditions were they produced? Despite the anonymous popular signature, did they really express the views of subaltern people? Can the precedents and customs on which they rely be reconstructed, given that the archives were jealously preserved by the municipal councillors? How does a chain of insurrectionary writings take shape over time and is there evidence of re-use in popular memory? Drawing on rare traces produced chiefly by political elites (handwritten consular archives and sixteenth- and seventeenth-century histories of Lyon), the article seeks to answer these questions and to counterbalance the dominant discourse by articulating the written protest and the social memory emerging from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The market for bottled mineral water in the 18th century is a major phenomenon, yet one that remains little understood. A study of this market in the city of Lyon sheds light on the diversity of urban practices related to water, and provides an insight into the importance of water in the medical market of the Ancien Régime. Lyon’s mineral water distribution office was settled in 1753 as a family-run business offering a wide range of bottles to the people of Lyon. Scholarly activity around water was encouraged by the Académie de Lyon, where doctors and chemists promoted new sources to supply the urban market. This trade was legislated from Paris, where the Société de Médecine worked to regulate the sale of water. The article examines the interactions between mineral water distributors, Academicians and the Société de Médecine, painting an expressive portrait of 18th-century mineral water distribution, at the crossroads of science, market and regulation.

Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• RSV incidence and costs in hospitalised infants < 3 months decreased during 2020/21. • An increase in the age of RSV hospitalisations significantly reduce the total costs. • Newborn passive immunisation strategies may be still cost-effective despite age shift. Preventive measures applied during the COVID-19 pandemic have modified the age distribution, the clinical severity and the incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) hospitalisations during the 2020/21 RSV season. The aim of the present study was to estimate the impact of these aspects on RSV-associated hospitalisations (RSVH) costs stratified by age group between pre-COVID-19 seasons and 2020/21 RSV season. We compared the incidence, the median costs, and total RSVH costs from the national health insurance perspective in children < 24 months of age during the COVID-19 period (2020/21 RSV season) with a pre-COVID-19 period (2014/17 RSV seasons). Children were born and hospitalised in the Lyon metropolitan area. RSVH costs were extracted from the French medical information system (Programme de Médicalisation des Systémes d'Information). The RSVH-incidence rate per 1000 infants aged < 3 months decreased significantly from 4.6 (95 % CI [4.1; 5.2]) to 3.1 (95 % CI [2.4; 4.0]), and increased in older infants and children up to 24 months of age during the 2020/21 RSV season. Overall, RSVH costs for RSVH cases aged below 2 years old decreased by €201,770 (31 %) during 2020/21 RSV season compared to the mean pre-COVID-19 costs. The sharp reduction in costs of RSVH in infants aged < 3 months outweighed the modest increase in costs observed in the 3–24 months age group. Therefore, conferring a temporal protection through passive immunisation to infants aged < 3 months should have a major impact on RSVH costs even if it results in an increase of RSVH in older children infected later in life. Nevertheless, stakeholders should be aware of this potential increase of RSVH in older age groups presenting with a wider range of disease to avoid any bias in estimating the cost-effectiveness of passive immunisation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four illustrations and two herbarium specimens constitute what could be considered as original material for the name Lilium pyrenaicum Gouan. The history of this species, a full evaluation of each element of the original material and the importance of Linnaeus's discourse with Gouan concerning the species are fully discussed. One of the four illustrations, the engraving in Clusius cited by Gouan, is chosen as the lectotype for the name. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on socio-technical changes in the current context of climate changes: in particular, it examines regulations' role in accomplishing those changes. For this reason, it focuses on the regulations implemented to protect aquatic environments in France through the analysis of the self-monitoring procedure for sewerage systems. Thus, this article is based on a study of the legislative and regulatory texts instituting this procedure and is also based on two case studies on the Metropolis of Lyon and Nantes. These cases include in situ observations and interviews with actors involved in the monitoring of sewage networks. They point out the effects of regulations on organizations and on the surveillance implementation of wastewater system discharges into aquatic environments by local authorities. However, monitoring remains limited due to the restricted resources (particularly in terms of personnel) of the local authorities and of the other involved organizations; its sustainability even appears fragile in Nantes’ agglomeration. Under these conditions, monitoring generally fulfills the minimum requirements of regulations (producing data on wastewater system discharges into aquatic environments), but does not meet the environmental objectives that originally led to the procedure (protecting the environment, restoring the quality of aquatic environments).

At Lyon, during the period of the Napoleonic Empire, and following upon Jacquard’s invention of the programmable mechanical loom, these looms were surmounted by attachments for the perforated cards. They were tall structures that required new architectural volumes. The Croix-Rousse hill, at Lyon, was covered by new and easily recognisable buildings which incorporated these new volumes, associating housing and workshops in a single unit. There were as many as 8,000 of these characteristic living and production units, but they gradually disappeared during the twentieth century.The Fighiera family worked in one of these units up until 1981. Fully aware of its interest as a place associating living and working space, it gave it to the Soierie vivant association, living silk, which organised visits for the public and demonstrations of weaving on an electrically powered loom of the 1950s. But the condition of the harness linking the 9,600 warp threads to the programming device was gradually deteriorating. How could this loom, which did not have any measure of historic monument protection, be restored to working order? Today, the people who still have the skills to run and repair such machines are all elderly, and the workshop was not a factory with a reserve stock of old looms to be cannibalised for spare parts. It was clear that help could only be found in the contemporary textile industry.Here, the past enters into a dialogue with the present and can be preserved thanks to the innovations of recent years. The renovation of the loom also allowed the realisation of a heritage project involving the weaving of samples based on the programmes encoded in the perforated cards still kept in the workshop, reviving designs fashionable in the 1970s and 1980s.

« Hygiene should be the source of all laws » : these words appear on one of the official posters for the 1914 Lyon International Exhibition, promoting the idea that the « modern city » should be based on public and individual hygiene. In Lyon, the mapping of diseases seems to be a ritual of registering certain pathologies as part of the statistics of the city›s annual report, with little connection to demonstrating nosocomial theories of disease occurrence - a hygienism that is not very conducive to innovation, only if economic opportunities make it interesting. Hygienism remained a major policy of the new, non-medical mayor elected in 1904, though not based on disease mapping. The dream of a « modern city » had to be revised when the sudden reorganization of basic health services became their new focus due to a long and deadly war in 1914. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quintana: Revista do Departamento de Historia da Arte USC is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)