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Objective To analyze the cellular senescence pathways and their associated genes with bioinformatic analysis by screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during embryonic kidney development with aid of transcriptomics in order to explore the relationship between cellular senescence and embryonic kidney development. Methods After the kidney tissues from mice at embryonic age of 14.5 days (E14.5 group) and 18.5 days (E18.5 group) were collected, the kidney tissue structure was observed with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, the expression profiles of the related genes during embryonic kidney development were analyzed by transcriptomics, and the changes in the genes related to cellular senescence were further analyzed with bioinformatics. The expression levels of target genes were verified by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR and Western blotting. Results With the development of the embryonic kidney, the kidney structure gradually matured. The results of transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses revealed that cellular senescence-related genes played an important role in the development of embryonic kidney. The mRNA and protein levels of Cdkn1a(P21), which was correlated with cellular senescence, were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while the mRNA levels of Skp2, Ccne1, Ccnd2, and Cdk4 were decreased in the E18.5 group than the E14.5 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Obvious changes in the expression levels of cellular senescence-related genes are observed during embryonic kidney development, suggesting that cellular senescence plays an important role in the development.

Objective To investigate the correlation between decoy receptor 2 (DcR2) and clinical indicators and pathological damage in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods A total of 51 AKI patients diagnosed with renal biopsy and 20 healthy controls admitted to our department between January 2018 and November 2021 were recruited in this study. ELISA was used to measure their urinary DcR2/Cr levels. Correlations of urinary DcR2/Cr levels with renal tubular DcR2 expression and renal function indicators were analyzed. Immunohistochemical assay was employed for DcR2 expression and location, and immunofluorescence co-staining was performed to analyze the colocalization of DcR2 and fibrotic markers (α-SMA and FSP1). Results Urinary DcR2/Cr was significantly higher in the AKI group than the control group (P

Objective: To improve the content of effective components, in vitro antioxidant capacity and α-amylase inhibition rate of tartary buckwheat. Methods: Using Tartary buckwheat as raw material, the effects were studied, including the sprouting and sprouting combined with hydrothermal treatment on the effective components （total flavonoids, total phenols, rutin and quercetin）, the antioxidant activity and hypoglycemia in tartary buckwheat. And the quality of the samples was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. Results: The contents of flavonoids and rutin in germinated group reached the maximum at 6 days after germination, which were 26.54 mg/g and 13.88 mg/g, 1.22 and 2.95 times of those in non-germinated group, respectively. The content of polyphenols reached the maximum of 23.44 mg/g on the 2nd day after germination, which was 29.1% higher than that in the non-germinated group. The inhibition rate of α-amylase reached the maximum of 37.29% on the 4th day of germination. Quercetin content reached the maximum of 7.65 mg/g on the 4th day of germination. The content of resistant starch reached the maximum of 34.92% on the first day after germination. In the germinating combined with hydrothermal treatment group, the content of flavonoids reached the maximum of 31.89 mg/g on the 6th day, which was 1.47 times of that in ungerminated group. The content of polyphenols reached the maximum of 31.26 mg/g on the 3rd day, which was 72.2% higher than that in the non-germinated group. The inhibition rate of α-amylase reached the maximum of 47.33% on the 4th day, which increased by 47.90% compared with the non-germinated group. The content of rutin reached the maximum of 22.31 mg/g on the first day, which was 4.75 times of that in the non-germinated group. The content of quercetin reached the maximum of 9.8 mg/g on the 4th day combined with hydrothermal treatment. The scavenging rate of DPPH radical, ABTS radical, and hydroxyl radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power reached the maximum on the 6th, 5th, 4th and 2nd day combined with hydrothermal treatment, which were 62.72%, 65.18%, 33.36% and 13.44 mmol, respectively. The content of resistant starch in Tartary buckwheat reached the maximum of 46.73% after 4 days of germination combined with hydrothermal treatment. The results of principal component analysis showed that the integrated score was the highest on the 4th day of germination combined hydrothermal treatment. Conclusion: The effective components and functional effects of Tartary buckwheat are improved after germination, and the quality of germinating combined with hydrothermal treatment is better than that of germinating group.

Objective To investigate the role of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in peritoneal fibrosis induced by high glucose peritoneal dialysis in mice. Methods Thirty-two male C57bl/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the normal control, the saline, the 4.25% peritoneal dialysate and the 4.25% peritoneal dialysate+exosome group. A mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis induced by high glucose peritoneal dialysis was established. The mice were sacrificed after 42 d and the specimens were collected. Peritoneal function was detected by modified peritoneal balance test (PET); The expression of peritoneal fibrosis markers was detected by immunohistochemical method; The expression of peritoneal fibrosis factor mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the expression of pro-fibrotic factor was detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the normal control group, the 4.25% peritoneal dialysis group had obviously increased thickness of subcutaneous area of peritoneal mesothelium (P < 0.01). The expression of peritoneal fibrosis markers (α-SMA, collagen-Ⅰ and Collagen-Ⅲ) was significantly increased in the 4.25% peritoneal dialysate group, while the expression of peritoneal fibrosis markers in the 4.25% peritoneal dialysate+exosome group was significantly lower than that in the 4.25% peritoneal dialysate group (P < 0.01). Compared with the 4.25% peritoneal dialysate+exosome group, the ultrafiltration function of mice in the 4.25% peritoneal dialysate+exosome group was significantly improved (P < 0.05). qRT-PCR results showed that the level of peritoneal fibrosis promoting factor TGF-β1 in the 4.25% peritoneal dialysate+exosome group was significantly lower than that in the 4.25% peritoneal dialysate+exosome group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Exosomes derived from BMSCs can effectively reduce peritoneal fibrosis induced by high glucose peritoneal dialysis solution in mice. Exosomes derived from BMSCs may be a new method to inhibit peritoneal fibrosis.

Objective To explore the expression level of vascular noninflammatory molecule-1 (Vanin-1) in renal tissue after renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and its relationship with the recovery of renal function. Methods Eight-week-old male BALB/c wild-type and Vanin-1 knockout mice were subjected in this study. They were randomly divided into sham operation group, I/R group, knockout group, knockout+ I/R group, with 6 mice in each group. In the I/R model groups, the bilateral renal pedicles were separated and clamped for 35 min, and then the clamp was released to restore blood flow. For the sham operation and knockout groups, only the renal pedicles were exposed without clipping. Serum, urine, and kidney tissue specimens were collected at 0, 3, and 14 d after surgery to determine blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and urine TGF-β level. PAS staining was used to determine the severity of renal tissue damage, and immunohistochemical assay was employed to test the expression of Vanin-1 in renal tissue. After renal tubular epithelial cells were isolated from the kidneys of the wild-type and Vanin-1 knockout mice, the cells were primarily cultured and then passed down to the second generation. Then the cells were divided into control group, injury group, knockout group, and knockout+injury group. The cell injury was inflicted with culture condition of hypoxia (1%O2, 94%N2, 5%CO2) for 48 h followed by reoxygenation (5%CO2, 95% air) for 24 h to simulate in vitro I/R injury model. The expression of Vanin-1 and supernatant content of TGF-β were measured. Results In 3 d after I/R injury, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05), and PAS staining indicated obvious renal tissue damage in the I/R and knockout+I/R groups when compared the sham operation group. But there were no significant differences in the levels and the tissue damages between the I/R and knockout+I/R groups. However, on the 14th day after I/R injury, the 2 groups got the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and renal tissue damage significantly recovered than the conditions on the 3rd day, but the knockout+I/R group recovered significantly faster and obtained milder renal damage (P < 0.05), lower urine TGF-β level and higher Vanin-1 level when compared with the I/R group. In the in vitro study, the mimic I/R injury resulted in obviously increased Vanin-1 level (P < 0.01), and increased TGF-β content in the supernatant (P < 0.05) in the renal tubular epithelial cells when compared in the cells of the knockout+I/R group. Conclusion Vanin-1 promotes the secretion of TGF-β in renal tubular epithelial cells after I/R injury, delays the recovery of renal function, and promotes the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objective To observe the effects of low-gluten rice feeding on nutrient metabolism and renal function in mice. Methods Thirty male C57/BL6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into 3 equal groups for dietary intervention with normal chow (control group), common rice mixed at 1 :1 ratio with normal chow (normal rice group), or low-gluten rice mixed at 1 :1 with normal chow (low-gluten rice group). Each mouse was given free access to food separately, and their food intake was monitored on a daily basis. Body weight of the mice was measured once a week during dietary intervention. Urine samples were collected at 4, 8, and 12 weeks during the feeding, and serum and renal tissue samples were obtained at 12 weeks to assess the parameters related with the nutritional status (total protein, albumin, prealbumin, globulin, calcium, and phosphorus levels), renal function (blood creatinine and urea nitrogen), and the urine markers [urine creatinine, urine albumin/urinary creatinine ratio (ACR), β-N-acetylglucosaminide (NAG), and urine protein]. PAS staining was used for pathological examination of the renal tissues of the mice in the 3 groups. Results The average food intake or body weight of the mice did not differ significantly among the 3 groups during the dietary intervention. The nutritional status and the renal function at 12 weeks were similar among the 3 groups. The mice in low-gluten rice group showed a significantly lower level of total urine protein at 12 weeks and lower urine ACR and NAG levels at 4, 8 and 12 weeks than those in the other two groups. None of the mice in the 3 groups showed obvious histopathological changes in the kidneys. Conclusion Low-gluten rice (W0868) diet can significantly reduce urine protein levels to protect the renal function in mice without causing adverse effect on the nutritional status.

PURPOSE: Nuclear protein in testis carcinoma (NC) is an underdiagnosed and aggressive squamous/poorly differentiated cancer characterized by rearrangement of the gene NUTM1 on chromosome 15q14. Co-occurring alternations have not been fully characterized. METHODS: We analyzed the genomic and immune landscape of 54 cases of NC that underwent DNA- and RNA-based NGS sequencing (Caris). RESULTS: While NC is driven by NUTM1 fusion oncoproteins, co-occurring DNA mutations in epigenetic or cell cycle pathways were observed in 26% of cases. There was no significant difference between the fusion partner of NUTM1 and co-occurring gene mutations. RNA sequencing analysis showed increased MYC pathway activity in NC compared with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), which is consistent with the known pathophysiology of NC. Characterization of the NC tumor microenvironment using RNA sequencing revealed significantly lower immune cell infiltration compared with HNSCC and LUSC. NC was 10× higher in patients with HNSCC and LUSC younger than 50 years than in those older than 70 years. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first series of NC profiled broadly at the DNA and RNA level. We observed fewer intratumoral immune cells by RNA sequencing, which may be associated with anecdotal data of lack of immunotherapy benefit in NC. High MYC pathway activity in NC supports ongoing trials targeting MYC suppression. The incidence of NC among patients younger than 50 years with LUSC/HNSCC supports testing for NC in these patients. The prognosis of NCs remains dismal, and future studies should focus on improving the response to immunotherapy and targeting MYC.

Examining the equalization of higher education and how it affects the economic growth of each region in China is crucial from both a theoretical and practical standpoint as it pertains to public services since higher education has a significant impact on a nation’s or region’s competitiveness. In this context, this research uses data from 1997 to 2020 to examine the economic impact of higher education on each province using the education composite index. On the other hand, the generalized least squares method was used to analyze the effects of GDP per capita, high school graduation rates, and educational policies on economic development from 1988-2018. The empirical findings indicate that higher education throughout the sample period contributed 15.73% to economic growth and 0.18% to the general level of education. Additionally, there is a strong association between the number of recent high school graduates, GDP per capita, and national policy and enrollment size.

C26H14Br8CoN2O10, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 24.3935(3) Å, b = 11.4505(1) Å, c = 11.7004(1) Å, V = 3268.13(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0313, wRref(F2) = 0.0819, T = 293 K.

In order to solve problems of low integrated and high power consumption in high-order filter, a novel nth-order low pass filter employing multiple-output current differencing cascaded transconductance amplifier(MO-CDCTA) was proposed. The designed circuit does not contain any resistors. With only one multiple-output current differencing cascaded transconductance amplifier and some grounded capacitors, this circuit could achieve current transfer functions of low pass. In CADENCE software, the circuit chip was only 0.04 mm2，the largest power consumption was only 4.18 mW, and the maximum 3 dB cutoff frequency was up 500 MHz. Moreover, third-order Butterworth filter simulation and transient response experiment results validated the theoretical analysis.

The effects of elevated O3 (O3) on photosynthetic characteristics of urban trees were studied in an open-top air chamber. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Et), stomatal conductance (Gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) of different tree species decreased significantly with the increase of O3 concentration, while intercellular CO2 (Ci) concentration of different tree species increased significantly with the increase of O3 concentration. Under different O3 concentrations, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba) and Koelreuteria paniculata (K. paniculata.) were higher than those of Pinus bungeana (P. bungeana) and Platycladus orientalis(P. orientalis), and the WUE of P. bungeana and P. orientalis was higher than that of G. biloba and K. paniculata. The effect of elevated O3 concentration on plant photosynthesis is more obvious in K. paniculata and G. biloba.