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Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a unique phenomenon observed in various materials such as organic luminophores, carbon dots (CDs), organic-inorganic nanocomposites, fluorescent dye molecules, and nanoparticles (NPs). These AIE-active materials, or AIEgens, are ideal for balancing multifunctional phototheranostics and energy dissipation. AIE properties can manifest in organic fluorescent probes, rendering them effective for cancer treatment due to their ability to penetrate deeply and provide high therapeutic efficacy. This efficacy is attributed to their high photobleaching thresholds, ability to induce Stokes shifts, and capacity to activate fluorophores. Therefore, the development of innovative AIE-based materials for disease diagnosis and treatment, particularly for cancer, is both important and promising. Recent years have seen successful demonstrations of nanoparticles with AIE properties being used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and multimodal imaging of tumor cells. These fluorophores have been shown to impact mitochondria and lysosomes, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), activate the immune system, load and release drugs, and ultimately induce apoptosis in tumor cells. In this review, we examine previous studies on the manufacturing methods and effects of AIEgens on cancer cells, with a theranostic strategy of simultaneous treatment and imaging. We also investigate the factors affecting drug delivery on different cancer cells, including internal stimuli such as pH, ROS, enzymes, and external stimuli like near-infrared (NIR) light and ultrasound waves. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical materials with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) features have attracted a growing interest due to their crucial role in biological sensing, display, spintronics, information storage, and so forth. However, CPL emissions in hybrid nanoparticle systems, in particular, chirality transfer induced CPL from chiral plasmonic nanoparticles, have rarely been explored due to a lack of effective bottom-up synthesis method. Herein, we creatively take advantage of the newly introduced chiral plasmonic nanoparticles-gold nanohelicoid (GNH) to excite the CPL of achiral Rhodamine 6G (R6G). The fabricated GNH@R6G-SiO2 shows obvious CPL signals with ∣glum∣ up to 0.014. Compared with the single GNH, the photoluminescence (PL) dissymmetry factor of the single GNH@R6G-SiO2 is similar, but with 25 folds higher PL intensities under different circular polarization. Our research not only offers an effective and feasible method to fabricate single-particle level CPL-active materials, but also provides guidelines on how to regulate the CPL of achiral luminophores from chiral plasmonic nanostructures, thereby enlarging the category and quantity of CPL-active materials that can be applied for photonic technologies and visualization biosensing, especially some intracellular chirality related detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and precise detection of them holds significant clinical implications. The development of luminol-based luminophores in the field of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for miRNA detection has been significant, while their effectiveness is hindered by the instability of co-reactant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this work, an iron single-atom catalyst (Fe-PNC) was employed for catalyzing the luminol-O2 ECL system to achieve ultra-sensitive detection of myocardial miRNA. Target miRNA triggers a hybridization chain reaction (HCR), resulting in the generation of a DNA product featuring multiple sticky ends that facilitate the attachment of Fe-PNC probes to the electrode surface. The Fe-PNC catalyst exhibits high promise and efficiency for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in electrochemical energy conversion systems. The resulting ECL biosensor allowed ultrasensitive detection of myocardial miRNA with a low detection limit of 0.42 fM and a wide linear range from 1 fM to 1.0 nM. Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional performance when evaluated using serum samples collected from patients with AMI. This work expands the application of single-atom catalysis in ECL sensing and introduces novel perspectives for utilizing ECL in disease diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive detection and precise quantitation of trace-level crucial biomarkers in a complex sample matrix has become an important area of research. For example, the detection of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) is strongly recommended in clinical guidelines for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Based on the use of an electrode modified by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and a Ru(bpy)32+-doped silica nanoparticle (Ru@SiO2)/tripropylamine (TPA) system, a novel type of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) magneto-immunosensor is developed for ultrasensitive detection of hs-cTnI. In this approach, a large amount of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ is loaded in SiO2 (silica nanoparticles) as luminophores with high luminescent efficiency and SWCNTs as electrode surface modification material with excellent electrooxidation ability for TPA. Subsequently, a hierarchical micropillar array of microstructures is fabricated with a magnet placed at each end to efficiently confine a single layer of immunomagnetic microbeads on the surface of the electrode and enable 7.5-fold signal enhancement. In particular, the use of transparent SWCNTs to modify a transparent ITO electrode provides a two-order-of-magnitude ECL signal amplification. A good linear calibration curve is developed for hs-cTnI concentrations over a wide range from 10 fg/ml to 10 ng/ml, with the limit of detection calculated as 8.720 fg/ml (S/N = 3). This ultrasensitive immunosensor exhibits superior detection performance with remarkable stability, reproducibility, and selectivity. Satisfactory recoveries are obtained in the detection of hs-cTnI in human serum, providing a potential analysis protocol for clinical applications. HIGHLIGHTS: • An integrated microfluidic chip is fabricated to confine immunomagnetic beads at the electrode surface, leading to improved electrochemiluminescent efficiency and increased sensitivity in electrochemiluminescent immunoassays. • The combination of single-walled carbon nanotubes with the excellent electrooxidation ability of TPA and SiO2 nanoparticles as carriers loading a large amount of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ enables a sensitivity improvement of at least two orders of magnitude. • The electrochemiluminescent magneto-immunosensor exhibits an ultralow detection limit of 8.72 fg/ml, excellent selectivity and reproducibility, and satisfactory recoveries in human serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis and characterization of two curcumin analogues BAA and Br‐AA via a condensation reaction was reported. Both the synthesized organic luminophores exhibited aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) with bright yellow and green emission respectively. Increase in the water% enhanced the emission by both the compounds confirmed the AIE property. A detailed study of latent fingerprints visualization was also carried out for both the analogues. Both the compounds showed good to normal capability to develop latent fingerprints (LFPs). Compound BAA performed better as a fluorescent material to develop LFPs compared to Br‐AA. The LFPs developed were analyzed to obtain 1–3 level of fingerprint patterns under UV 365 nm illumination. The LFPs developed using BAA exhibited excellent efficiency, sensitivity, high contrast with low background interreference. All three levels of fingerprint patterns were identified by BAA. However, Br‐AA showed inability to develop high clarity images of latent fingerprints. The solid‐state emission nature of the analogues was also evaluated from their emission spectra and CIE coordinates were found to be were (0,187, 0.518) and (0.265, 0.484) for BAA and Br‐AA respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large‐scale fabrication of long‐lived and sustainable room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with color‐tunable afterglow is of considerable practical importance in diverse optoelectronic applications but remains challenging. Herein, based on a process for the mass production of cellulose acetoacetate filaments, large‐scale RTP filaments are synthesized by introducing amino‐bearing luminophores via a mild enamine reaction. Attributed to efficient intersystem crossing facilitated by acetoacetyl and benzoyloxy groups alongside a rigid environment provided by multiple hydrogen bonding, the resulting filaments exhibit impressive RTP with a lifetime of 772 ms and a phosphorescence quantum yield of 45.06%. Furthermore, the afterglow color of RTP filaments is rationally modulated from blue to greenish‐yellow to rosy‐red through triplet‐to‐singlet Förster resonance energy transfer. Meanwhile, the formation of diverse clusters with comparable but different lifetimes leads to interesting excitation‐dependent afterglows. This work not only provides an effective strategy to construct long‐lived, color‐tunable, sustainable afterglows but also establishes large‐scale and continuous preparation routes for functional cellulose filaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) are excellent luminescent materials, and near-infrared PLNPs are efficiently applied for biosensing and bioimaging due to their advantages of no excitation, excellent light stability and long afterglow. However, due to interference from the complex environment within organisms, single-mode imaging methods often face limitations in selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy. Therefore, it is desirable to construct a dual-mode imaging probe strategy with higher specificity and sensitivity for bioimaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in the field of bioimaging due to its advantages of high resolution, non-radiation and non-invasiveness. Here, by combining near-infrared PLNPs and manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosheets, a sensitive and convenient dual-mode "turn on" bioimaging nanoprobe ZGC@MnO2 has been developed for long afterglow imaging and MRI of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The monitoring of H2O2 has garnered significant attention due to its crucial role in human pathologies. For the dual-mode "turn on" bioimaging nanoprobe, the near-infrared PLNPs of quasi-spherical ZnGa2O4:Cr (ZGC) nanoparticles were synthesized as luminophores, and MnO2 nanosheets were utilized as a fluorescence quencher, carrier and H2O2 recognizer. H2O2 in the TME could reduce MnO2 nanosheets to Mn2+ for MRI, and ZGC nanoparticles were released for long afterglow imaging. Finally, the ZGC@MnO2 nanoprobe exhibited a rapid response, an excellent signal-to-noise ratio and a limit of detection of 3.67 nM for endogenous H2O2 in the TME. This dual-mode approach enhances the detection sensitivity for endogenous H2O2, thereby facilitating the research of endogenous H2O2-associated diseases and clinical diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is still a challenge to prepare the red‐emissive perovskite‐polymer composite with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and reversible thermal photoluminescence (RTPL), which is key for improving the thermal tolerance of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). In this work, the red‐emissive (661 nm) CsPb(Br0.25I0.75)3‐PMMA composite with high PLQY of 85.96% and favorable RTPL below 160 °C is reported via a strategy of the defect passivation by halide ligand additives. The composite film possesses excellent long‐term stability in air, water, and high temperature environments. Then, a self‐powered temperature detection system, which consists of LSCs and a temperature detection module based on the RTPL composite film, is fabricated. On one hand, RTPL composite makes LSCs of superior thermal tolerance even after 100 cycles of temperature between room temperature and 160 °C. On the other hand, RTPL composite in the opaque box of the temperature detection module can give rise to the signal light without the interference of ambient light. As a result, the self‐powered temperature detection system achieves the quantitative temperature data display at different environment lights for 24 h in a day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonconventional luminophores have received increasing attention, owing to their fundamental importance, advantages in outstanding biocompatibility, easy preparation, environmental friendliness, and potential applications in sensing, imaging, and encryption. Purely organic molecules with outstanding fluorescence and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have emerged as a new library of benign afterglow agents. However, the cost, toxicity, high reactivity, and poor stability of materials also limit their practical applications. Therefore, some natural products, synthetic compounds, and biomolecules have entered horizons of people. The as‐designed exhibits sky blue and green fluorescence emission and green RTP emission (a lifetime of 343 ms and phosphorescence quantum of 15.3%) under air condition. This study presents an organic fluorescence for biological imaging and RTP for anti‐counterfeiting and encryption based on amino acids, maleic anhydride and 4‐vinylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate. This study provides a strategy for nonconventional luminophores in designing and synthesizing pure organic RTP materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The anodic oxygen evolution reaction is a well-acknowledged side reaction in traditional aqueous electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems due to the generation and surface aggregation of oxygen at the electrode, which detrimentally impacts the stability and efficiency of ECL emission. However, the effect of reactive oxygen species generated during water oxidation on ECL luminophores has been largely overlooked. Taking the typical luminol emitter as an example, herein, we employed NiIr single-atom alloy aerogels possessing efficient water oxidation activity as a prototype co-reaction accelerator to elucidate the relationship between ECL behavior and water oxidation reaction kinetics for the first time. By regulating the concentration of hydroxide ions in the electrolyte, the electrochemical oxidation processes of both luminol and water are finely tuned. When the concentration of hydroxide ions in electrolyte is low, the kinetics of water oxidation is attenuated, which limits the generation of oxygen, effectively mitigates the influence of oxygen accumulation on the ECL strength, and offers a novel perspective for harnessing side reactions in ECL systems. Finally, a sensitive and stable sensor for antioxidant detection was constructed and applied to the practical sample detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonconventional polymer luminophores (NPLs) with white emission are scarce due to the challenges in regulating their clustering structures. In this work, polystyrene is employed to develop a new kind of broad‐emitting clusteroluminescence (CL) through suitable cross‐linking and sulfonation. The sulfonated porous poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres (SPDMs) exhibit broad emission spectra (400–700 nm) in the visible light region. Further characterization and theoretical calculations show that through‐space conjugation (TSC) enhanced with high cross‐linking and sulfonation degrees (SD) is the main factor affecting the luminescence of microspheres. Monodisperse SPDMs with a low fluorescence distribution (CV < 5%) across 13 flow channels. Additionally, SPDMs microspheres is employed to construct binary, Cu2+, and pH‐responsive microarrays to encrypt and decode important information. Finally, SPDMs are developed for utilization as single‐component white and warm white light‐converting light emitting diodes (LEDs). These LEDs demonstrate Commission International de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates and correlate color temperatures (CCT) of (0.31, 0.321) and (0.383, 0.41), 6611 and 4100 K, respectively. Notably, the color rendering index (CRI) value for SPDMs‐50‐2 in white LED applications reaches an impressive 92. This study provides an economical, simple, and effective design strategy for developing NPLs with both monodispersity and broad emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of excessive pesticides, including fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides, in agriculture has increased particularly as they can pollute the environment and perhaps have negative health impacts. As a result, pesticide residues find their way into various media, such as food and water products, where they may expose people directly. Thus, there is a constant need to develop analytical techniques for identifying and measuring these chemicals in the various environmental media in which they may be found. The utilisation of pillar[n]arenes, cucurbit[n]urils, and calix[n]arenes in this field is reviewed, with particular attention given to how these compounds combine with herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides to create host-guest complexes. Thus, there is an excellent for luminescence-based supramolecular compounds that can meet the demands of complex, real-world media while demonstrating selectivity, sensitivity, and application. Recent advances in supramolecular compounds with luminous macrocycles, polymers, and nanomaterials are discussed here to achieve these aims. The creation of novel macrocycle hosts has received particular attention, and the fundamental ideas of supramolecular chemistry, useful analytes, and prevalent luminophores have also been considered. The review addresses modern advancements in supramolecular sensors and several unresolved issues in supramolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of deep‐blue luminophores with high efficiency, color purity, and stable characteristics remains hindered by the absence of effective molecular design methodologies. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept deep blue hot exciton emitter, namely 2ANAC is designed and synthesized, featuring a rod‐like, symmetric π‐donor‐σ‐donor‐π (π‐D‐σ‐D‐π) molecular architecture to address the above challenges. The symmetric molecular structure endows numerous degenerate excited state characteristics, facilitating intersystem crossing between energy closely singlet and triplet states. Owing to nearly perpendicular conformation between the D‐π moieties, the formed low‐lying singlet excited (S1 to S4) states exhibit minimal oscillator strengths. In contrast, the fifth singlet excited (S5) state boasts a significantly higher oscillator strength. This indicates the potential for anti‐Kasha emission behavior, thus promoting the highly emissive deep‐blue luminescence from the locally excited state with a relatively small full width at half maximum. Furthermore, the long‐axial molecular architecture confers as high as 90% of the horizontal dipole ratio. The corresponding non‐doped deep‐blue OLED based on 2ANAC exhibits an outstanding maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.8% with minimal efficiency roll‐off, representing one of the highest reported values for deep‐blue hot exciton OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New phosphates Sr8(Zn1–xMnx)La(PO4)7 are obtained by the solid phase synthesis. A continuous series of solid solutions is shown to form. All synthesized compounds crystallize in the strontiowhitlockite structure type with space group . Structural parameters are refined by the Rietveld method. The luminescent properties are studied, and the relationship with the crystal structural features is determined. Samples exhibit stable red-orange luminescence. The sample with x = 0.5 has the highest photoluminescence intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has gained renewed interest due to the strong parallel development of luminophores in the field of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with which this technique shares several aspects. In this perspective review we discuss the most relevant advances of the past 15 years in the study of organic and organometallic compounds as ECL emitters, by dividing them in three different classes: i) fluorescent emitters, ii) phosphorescent emitters and iii) Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) emitters; then, water‐soluble organic luminophores will be also discussed. We focus on how their design, their photo‐ and electrochemical properties and, in particular, the nature of the emitter, affect their efficiency in ECL. Regardless of the type of luminophore or the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), the literature converges on the fact that the most determining aspect is the stability of the oxidized/reduced form of the emitter. Even if phosphorescent emitters can show outstanding efficiency, this often requires the absence of oxygen. In the case of TADFs, there is also a strong dependence of photoluminescence both in terms of PLQY and emission energy on the polarity of the media, so compounds, that appear promising in organic solvents, may be very inefficient in aqueous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical mechanism of the quantum size effect, which determines the main feature of the size dependence of absorption and photoluminescence spectra of nanoparticles of semiconductor materials, is outlined, and the effects of multiexciton generation and luminescence blinking of colloidal quantum dots are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brief review of the well-known laws and rules of photoluminescence is given, and it is shown that these laws usually do not hold for CQD solutions. It has been shown that this is due to a special mechanism for the formation of the luminescent properties of CQDs. The derivation of a new universal law of photoluminescence, applicable to any type of luminophores, which has recently been substantiated theoretically and verified experimentally using the example of CQDs, is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of polymer‐based luminescent materials with efficient photoactivated ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) is of great importance but very challenging. Herein, a new class of organic phosphorescent luminogens is constructed by attaching phenyl rings and/or ethyl benzoates to the nitrogen atoms of a planar aromatic heterocycle pyrrolodiindole (PDI). The compounds show a significant elevation in phosphorescence emission capability after incorporating the ester group(s). However, they cannot produce room‐temperature phosphorescence in the crystalline state. These observations are identified to be associated with the formation of dimers and excimers and the motions of substituents within the molecules. In this context, the PDI derivatives are doped into epoxy polymers with compact and permanent 3D covalent networks. The resulting polymer films show reversible photoactivated UOP under ambient conditions, with quantum yields and lifetimes of up to 24.4% and 2.03 s, respectively, thereby enabling high‐quality and erasable light printing and multi‐level anti‐counterfeiting applications. In addition, they also exhibit excellent water and chemical resistance. This work is conducive to understanding the generation and decay mechanisms of the triplet excitons of organic luminophores with planar aromatic heterocycles in the crystalline state and provides a direction for the development of high‐performance photoactivated UOP materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of nonconventional nonaromatic luminophores‐based hydrogels (NLHs) in bioanalysis is severely limited due to their luminescence in concentrated solution or solid state. Herein, a nonconventional NLH (B‐Au@PDMAA) with high signal‐to‐noise ratio and stability in dilute solutions is designed by enhancing nonaromatic luminophores intermolecular aggregation through bovine serum albumin‐gold nanoclusters (B‐Au) confined space interaction. Importantly, the established NLHs could be rapidly polymerized in situ on magnetic beads (MB) surface in dilute solutions, and the fluorescence intensity after polymerization is 5.63‐fold higher than that of direct polymerization. Moreover, proposed B‐Au@PDMAA@MB constructed homogeneous immunoassay platform is demonstrated to be highly sensitive for detecting hepatitis B surface antigen with a sensitivity of 3.39 ng mL−1, which is 28.6‐fold lower than that of B‐Au@PDMAA based immunoassay and comparable to the sensitivity of the chemiluminescence immunoassay. This work presents a new strategy for the synthesis of NLHs with high brightness and stability in dilute solutions, and opens new avenues for the construction of novel homogeneous immunoassay platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building an explicit structure‐property relationship for two‐dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskites is critical to guide the synthesis of highly luminescent materials. However, traditional studies are limited to the deviation of individual intra‐octahedron, which fails to well reflect collective lattice distortion. Here, a set of new structural distortion descriptors associated with inter‐octahedra is introduced for 2D perovskite (C7H10N)2PbBr4, that is,(PMA)2PbBr4 through pressure engineering. An experimental conclusion is reached that adjacent Pb displacement, as the inter‐octahedron distortion, is an effective parameter in determining the structural distortion and emission behavior of (PMA)2PbBr4 under high pressure. Under high pressure, 2D perovskite (PMA)2PbBr4 exhibits two emission behaviors, free excitons (FEs) emission and self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission. Different types of four‐Pb‐shaped quadrilateral correspond to different emissions: square‐type (only FEs emission), parallelogram‐type (coexistence of FEs emission and STEs emission), kite‐type (only STEs emission). Moreover, an enhanced violet emission at ≈431 nm is achieved under a mild pressure of 1.0 GPa, which is a crucial light source of medical sterilization. The underlying structure‐property relationship is clarified fundamentally deepens the photophysical mechanism of (PMA)2PbBr4, thus facilitating the design of high‐efficiency perovskite luminophores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggregation is a conventional method to enhance the quantum yields (QYs) of pure organic luminophores due to the restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM). However, how to realize RIM in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is still unclear and challenging. In this work, the ligand meta‐anchoring strategy is first proposed and proved to be an effective and systematic approach to restrict the intramolecular motions of MOFs for the QY improvement. By simply shifting the substituent position in the ligand from para to meta, the QY of the resulting MOF is significantly enhanced by eleven‐fold. The value is even higher than that of ligand aggregates, demonstrating the strong RIM effect of this ligand meta‐anchoring strategy. The introduction of co‐ligand induces the appearance of visible yellow room temperature phosphorescence with a lifetime of 222 ms due to the QY enhancement and the charge transfer between the donor and accepter units. The present work thus broadens the understanding of the RIM mechanism from a new perspective, develops a novel method to realize RIM and expands the applicable objects from pure organic materials to organic–inorganic hybrid materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating trivalent cerium ions (Ce3+) into colloidal semiconductor nanomaterials, such as zinc sulfide (ZnS) and cesium lead chloride (CsPbCl3), provides a feasible approach for achieving significant Ce3+ photoluminescence (PL). However, due to inefficient intersystem crossing and intense non‐radiative decay of host phosphors, most Ce3+‐doped luminophores exhibit low luminescence efficiency, with photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) typically <50%. Additionally, these doping systems often encounter challenges with spectral impurity due to unwanted fluorescence emanating from the host material. In this study, an optimal cesium zinc chloride (Cs2ZnCl4) nanorod (NR) host matrix is meticulously engineered, that significantly enhances the luminescence of Ce3+ ions, reaching a PLQY near unity. Furthermore, these NRs display an exceptionally pure Ce3+ emission spectrum, free from any extraneous emission from the matrix itself. The results from transient absorption and emission experiments reveal a ≈100% energy transfer efficiency from Cs2ZnCl4 to Ce3+, coupled with a significant reduction in radiative self‐trapped states within the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) with intrinsic photoluminescence (PL) have drawn increasing attention due to the importance of exploring the mechanism of ionic emissive clusters, whereas it remains challenging to clarify structure–property relationships. Here, the effective modulation of photophysical properties of gemini aliphatic QASs (n‐BTADB) is managed by altering the alkyl chain length. Boosted quantum yields (up to 24.6%), prolonged phosphorescence lifetimes (up to 515.2 ms), and varied PL colors are achieved by manipulating the aggregation states of the compounds. Interlaced herringbone packing patterns and strong ionic interactions facilitate the intersystem crossing process and stabilize the triplets. The confluence of varied hydrophobic interactions and chain flexibility results in the fluctuation of phosphorescence lifetimes as the alkyl chain lengthens. Furthermore, the single‐component white‐light emission is obtained in 12‐HBTADB crystals by introducing electron‐rich hydroxyls. These results shed new light on the structure–property relationships of ionic emissive clusters and the rational design of nonconventional ionic luminophores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing luminophores bright in both isolate species and aggregate states is of great importance in many emerging cutting‐edge applications. However, the conventional luminophores either emit in isolate species but quench in aggregate state or emit in aggregate state but darken in isolate species. Here we demonstrate that the precise regulation of noncovalent interactions can realize luminophores bright in both isolate species and aggregate states. It is firstly discovered that the intra‐cluster interaction enhances the emission of atomically precise Au25(pMBA)18 (pMBA=4‐mercaptobenzoic acid), a nanoscale luminophore, while the inter‐cluster interaction quenches the emission. The emission enhancing strategies are then well‐designed by both introducing exogenous substances to block inter‐cluster interaction and surface manipulation of Au25(pMBA)18 at the molecular level to enhance intra‐cluster interaction, opening new possibilities to controllably enhance the luminophore's photoluminescence in both isolate species and aggregate states in different phases including aqueous solution, solid state and organic solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light emission from organoboron compounds of Schiff bases is found to depend strongly on their chemical structure. Two of these compounds (OB1 and OB2), which contain a benzene ring between the Schiff base moieties, exhibit weak fluorescence in methanol, with marked viscosity dependence. Fluorescence lifetimes of these compounds are in picosecond timescale, as determined by femtosecond optical gating (FOG). A significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity and lifetime is observed at 77 K, indicating the operation of an activated nonradiative process. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), OB1 and OB2 are shown to be potential membrane probes. The third (OB3), which is devoid of this benzene ring, exhibits relatively stronger fluorescence with nanosecond lifetimes at room temperature. No viscosity dependence is observed in this case. The emission spectrum at 77 K is markedly more intense and exhibits an additional red shifted structured feature, which persists for a few seconds. Hence, OB3 seems to have greater promise not only as fluorescent probe but also for light harvesting. The marked improvement of the light emission properties of OB3 compared with OB1 and OB2 is likely to serve as a pointer for the design of Schiff base‐derived organoboron luminophores with diverse potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are excellent alternative luminophores for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassays. However, they are inevitably limited by the aggregation-caused quenching effect. In this study, aimed at eliminating the aggregation quenching of PAHs, luminescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with 1,3,6,8-tetra(4-carboxybenzene)pyrene (H 4 TBAPy) as the ligand were exploited as a novel nano-emitter for the construction of ECL immunoassays. The luminophore exhibits efficient aggregation-induced emission enhancement, good acid-base resistance property and unusual ECL reactivity. In addition, the simultaneous use of potassium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide as dual co-reactants resulted in a synergistic enhancement of the cathodic ECL efficiency. The use of magnetic iron-nickel alloys as the multifunctional sensing platform can further enhance the ECL activity, and its enriched zero-valent iron as a co-reactant accelerator effectively drives ECL analytical performance. Profiting from the excellent characteristics, signal-on ECL immunoassays have been constructed. With carcinoembryonic antigen as the model analysis target, a detection limit of 0.63 pg/mL was obtained within the linear range of 1 pg/mL to 50 ng/mL, accompanied by excellent analytical performance. This report opens a new window for the rational design of efficient ECL illuminators, and the proposed ECL immunoassays may find promising applications in the detection of disease markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern industry actively uses metal structural materials to create innovative devices and components. In order to prevent emergency situations in production, nondestructive testing methods are used to detect defects on the surface of the material being developed. Among the methods of nondestructive testing, one can highlight the method of luminescent magnetic flaw detection, which allows identifying defects on the surface and under the surface of the test sample with minimal effort. It is known that in some cases, the magnetic‐powder method cannot achieve the required sensitivity due to the shape and location of defects themselves or due to certain conditions of object operation. To increase the visibility and sensitivity, magnetic nano‐ and microparticles can be conjugated with the dyes. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4, γ‐Fe2O3) can be used as such magnetic particles, since they are quite easy to obtain and have low toxicity, high chemical stability, and a wide variety of magnetic properties. To ensure fluorescence of magnetic particles, a wide variety of fluorescent dyes associated with such particles are used. The dyes can include morin, naphthalimide derivatives, as well as semiconductor quantum dots. This article provides a review of fluorescent composite micro‐ and nanoparticles based on xanthene dyes (rhodamine, fluorescein, and pyronine). Such dyes are economically available luminophores, have good binding to the surface of magnetic particles, and therefore can be suitable for luminescent magnetic flaw detection. This review article discusses methods for producing composite nano‐ and microparticles of iron oxides with xanthene dyes and provides prospects of using composite nano‐ and microparticles in nondestructive testing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of N-(2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)thioureas with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous ethanol proceeded via the oxidation of the sulfur atom and its subsequent replacement with the oxygen atom of pyridin-2-one to give oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-amines. 7-Phenyloxazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-amines were found to be effective luminophores emitting in the violet spectral range with quantum yields up to 0.59, whereas the corresponding thioureas have no luminescent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence imaging can be employed in fields of medical treatment, astronomical exploration, and national defense security. Traditional fluorescence imaging often takes the single-photon techniques, which is vulnerable to background interference and photobleaching. Remedially, two-photon fluorescence imaging can achieve much higher-resolution fluorescence imaging for reducing scattering and deeper depth. Hence, by assembling the tetraphenylethylene backbones with nontoxic and non-noble K+ ions, compound 1 ([(Hdma)K(H2ettc)]n, H4ettc = 4′,4′″,4′″″,4′″″″(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)tetrakis(([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid))) with the crystallization-induced emissions exhibited charming fluorescence imaging under two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM). Besides, luminescent powders based on compound 1 can achieve high-resolution fingerprint recognition, providing secure access control and identification for a novel authentication method. Compared with the commercial fluorescent dyes coumarin-6, the as-synthesized compound 1 showed great solvent stability, indicating its durability against harsh environment. Moreover, compound 1 shows mechanoluminescent properties for the perturbation of weak supramolecular interactions within ordered arrangements of the H2ettc2− ligands. This novel compound has provided an important insight to the development of two-photon fluorescence imaging and advanced external-stimuli responsive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel 2‐(2‐pyridyl)quinazoline luminophores containing a donor aryl fragment at position 4 and methyl or methoxy groups at benzene ring has been synthesized by efficient three‐step route. The linear optical properties have been studied by UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra in two solvents. We revealed that introduction of additional methyl group or the replacement of methyl substituents with methoxy ones lead to sequentially shift of absorption and emission maximum to blue region. 9H‐Carbazol‐9‐yl‐containing derivative is characterized by hypsochromically shifted absorption band compared to its NEt2 and NPh2 counterparts. Unlike 9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl‐derivative, Et2N‐ and Ph2N‐bearing quinazolines demonstrate considerable decrease in quantum yield values when going from toluene to MeCN. Solvatochromic properties have been explored, the pronounced bathochromic shift was observed in fluorescence spectra with the increase of solvents polarity. Moreover, the compounds show significant shift of emission band with the increase of water fraction in DMSO/H2O mixture. Two‐photon optical properties have been also studied, the two‐photon absorption cross‐sections in MeCN and toluene reached 120 GM and 210 GM, respectively. The presence of additional methyl group has little impact on δTPA value, while introduction of methoxy substituents dramatically decreases TPA cross sections. Additionally, a quantum‐chemical calculations of synthesized compounds were performed to support the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposed an easy-to-perform but effective strategy to eliminate the ACQ effect of PAHs for ECL enhancement by coordinatively grafting PAH-derived ligands onto ultrathin MOLs, which opened a new horizon to develop high-efficiency Ru-complex-free porous ECL materials for fabricating supersensitive ECL sensing platforms. [Display omitted] • A novel ECL emitter was prepared by coordinatively grafting a new ECL luminophore PyTS on ultrathin MOL. • This work proposed a new and facile strategy to surmount the ACQ effect of PAHs. • This strategy provided significant inspiration for designing high-efficiency Ru-complex-free ECL materials. • The fabricated ECL biosensor accomplished the supersensitive detection of miRNA-21. The exploration of novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores with excellent ECL properties is a current research hotspot in the ECL field. Herein, a novel high-efficiency Ru-complex-free ECL emitter PyTS-Zr-BTB-MOL has been prepared by using porous ultrathin Zr-BTB metal–organic layer (MOL) as carrier to coordinatively graft the cheap and easily available polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivative luminophore PyTS whose ECL performance has never been investigated. Gratifyingly, the ECL intensity and efficiency of PyTS-Zr-BTB-MOL were markedly enhanced compared to both PyTS monomers and PyTS aggregates. The main reason was that the distance between pyrene rings was greatly expanded after the PyTS grafting on the Zr 6 clusters of Zr-BTB-MOL, which overcame the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect of PyTS and thus enhanced the ECL emission. Meanwhile, the porous nanosheet structure of PyTS-Zr-BTB-MOL could distinctly increase the exposure of PyTS luminophores and shorten the diffusion paths of coreactants and electrons/ions, which effectively promoted the electrochemical excitation of more PyTS luminophores and thus achieved a further ECL enhancement. In light of the remarkable ECL property of PyTS-Zr-BTB-MOL, it was employed as an ECL indicator to build a novel high-sensitivity ECL biosensor for microRNA-21 determination, possessing a satisfactory response range (100 aM to 100 pM) and an ultralow detection limit (10.4 aM). Overall, this work demonstrated that using MOLs to coordinatively graft the PAH derivative luminophores to eliminate the ACQ effect and increase the utilization rate of the luminophores is a promising and efficient strategy to develop high-performance Ru-complex-free ECL materials for assembling ultrasensitive ECL biosensing platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarity-responsive luminophores (PRLs), whose emission properties change in response to the polarity of the surrounding environment, are used for the fluorescence sensing of intracellular environments and various chemical compounds. Herein, we propose a concept called nonpolar selective emission (NPSE) for the development of a new PRL family. Unlike the conventional emission of PRLs, the NPSE luminophore can switch to a completely non-emissive state upon a slight increase in solvent polarity. The NPSE concept offers a new means of distinguishing between nonpolar and low-polarity environments. Moreover, the NPSE property is little affected by the viscosity of the surrounding medium. We demonstrate that NPSE dyes can be used as emission sensors for molecular gases. Furthermore, we discovered the potential use of NPSE dyes as a time-dependent security ink triggered by the volatilization of polar molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are spectral conversion devices offering interesting opportunities for the integration of photovoltaics into the built environment and portable systems. The Förster‐resonance energy transfer (FRET) process can boost the optical response of LSCs by reducing energy losses typically associated to non‐radiative processes occurring within the device under operation. In this work, a new class of FRET‐based thin‐film LSC devices is presented, in which the synthetic versatility of linear polyurethanes (PU) is exploited to control the photophysical properties and the device performance of the resulting LSCs. A series of luminescent linear PUs are synthesized in the presence of two novel bis‐hydroxyl‐functionalized luminophores of suitable optical properties, used as chain extenders during the step‐growth polyaddition reaction for the formation of the linear macromolecular network. By synthetically tuning their composition, the obtained luminescent PUs can achieve a high energy transfer efficiency (≈90%) between the covalently linked luminophores. The corresponding LSC devices exhibit excellent photonic response, with external and internal photon efficiencies as high as ≈4% and ≈37%, respectively. Furthermore, their optimized power conversion efficiency combined with their enhanced average visible‐light transmittance highlight their suitability for potential use as transparent solar energy devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral hybrid metal halides hold great potential as circularly polarized luminescence light sources. Herein, we have obtained two enantiomeric pairs of one‐dimensional hybrid chiral manganese(II) chloride single crystals, R/S‐(3‐methyl piperidine)MnCl3 (R/S‐1) and R/S‐(3‐hydroxy piperidine)MnCl3 (R/S‐2), crystallizing in the non‐centrosymmetric space group P212121. In comparison to R/S‐1, R/S‐2 single crystals not only show red emission with near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and high resistance to thermal quenching but also exhibit circularly polarized luminescence with an asymmetry factor (glum) of 2.5×10−3, which can be attributed to the enhanced crystal rigidity resulting from the hydrogen bonding networks between R/S‐(3‐hydroxy piperidine) cations and [MnCl6]4− chains. The circularly polarized luminescence activities originate from the asymmetric [MnCl6]4− luminophores induced by N−H⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonding with R/S‐(3‐hydroxy piperidine). Moreover, these samples demonstrate great application potential in circularly polarized light‐emitting diodes and X‐ray scintillators. This work shows a highly efficient photoluminescent Mn‐based halide and offers a strategy for designing multifunctional chiral metal halides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence or electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a chemiluminescence phenomenon generated by electrochemical reactions. Applying this phenomenon for metal ions detections is potentially effectual as it provides excellent selectivity and sensitivity as well as the ease of use and economical cost. Accordingly, the detection methods of many trace metals have been successfully developed by employing ECL systems, including Hg(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Ag(I), Co(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Ni(II), and As(III). There are several key components required to comprise the ECL systems, including luminophores that emit light and are directly proportionate toward metal concentrations, co‐reactants that increase the number of excited luminophores, and electrodes where the electron transfer occurs. Some new ECL systems comprising luminophores, co‐reactants, and electrodes have been developed to achieve impressive measurement results with low detection limits. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive illustration concerning the development of ECL‐based metal sensors, to elucidate a development overview of key elements employed in ECL systems and their modifications, explaining the different types of interactions due to the presence of metal ions in ECL systems, as well as to discuss the future opportunities and challenges of the ECL systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a photodegradation correction method for the dual-luminophore pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) measurement using lifetime-based imaging, which was proposed for correction of the temperature-induced error but has suffered from photodegradation in the previous studies. We introduced a parameter that characterizes the photodegradation of a dual-luminophore PSP as the intensity ratio between the two luminophores. The changes in the calibration coefficients for the pressure and the temperature due to photodegradation were corrected based on this parameter. In this study, a coupon-based calibration test was performed, and the luminescence characteristics of the dual-luminophore PSP including photodegradation were investigated. Then, the proposed method was applied to a coupon-based validation test and a jet impingement test, and the effectiveness of the method was evaluated by comparing results with and without correction. The pressure measurement accuracy was significantly improved by photodegradation correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent carbon dots (CDs) were locally synthesized in the core of CYTOP fibers using IR femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW), a one-step simple method serving as a post-treatment of the pristine fiber. This approach enables the creation of several types of modifications such as ellipsoid voids. The CDs and photoluminescence (PL) distribute at the periphery of the voids. The PL spectral properties were studied through the excitation/emission matrix in the visible range and excitation/emission spectra in the UV/visible range. Our findings reveal the presence of at least three distinct luminescent species, facilitating a broad excitation range extending from UV to green, and light emission spanning from blue to red. The average laser power and dose influence the quantity and ratio of these luminescent CD species. Additionally, we measured the spatially resolved lifetime of the luminescence during and after the irradiation. We found longer lifetimes at the periphery of the laser-induced modified regions and shorter ones closer to the center, with a dominant lifetime ~2 ns. Notably, unlike many other luminophores, these laser-induced CDs are insensitive to oxygen, enhancing their potential for display or data storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of 2-(thiophen-2′-yl)ethylphosphine, paraformaldehyde, and benzhydrylamine or 1-methylbenzylamine resulted in 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes, which were used for the synthesis of P,P-bischelate copper(i) complexes. The obtained compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The study of the luminescent properties of the copper(i) complexes demonstrated that they are solid-state singlet luminophores. Their biological activity was investigated. They were shown to be inactive against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and exhibited a low cytotoxicity, which determined their potential use as luminescent sensors for biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two series with three Pt(II) complexes each (PtLPh‐n, PtLFpy‐n) bearing asymmetric tetradentate ligands as dianionic luminophores with variable alkyl chain lengths were synthesized. Hence, each ligand series is distinguished by one of its cyclometallating rings (phenyl vs. 2,6‐difluoropyrid‐3‐yl). Steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopic studies in diluted solutions at room temperature and in glassy matrices at 77 K show that the emissive state is mainly centered on the invariantly electron‐rich cyclometalated side while the second ring regulates the admixture of ligand‐centered and metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer character. Hence, the radiative rates can be controlled, as indicated by quantum‐mechanical calculations, which also explain the temperature‐dependent trend in the phosphorescence rate constants. Studies in condensed phases (single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometry, polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence micro(spectro)scopy) showed the development of a smectic A mesophase for the fluorinated species bearing the two longest alkyl chains. Nuclear magnetic resonance‐based studies on the thermodynamics of aggregation in solution confirm the marked enthalpic stabilization of aggregates mediated by the polar 2,6‐difluoropyrid‐3‐yl moiety (and to a lesser extent by dispersive forces between the alkyl chains). On the other hand, the negative entropy of aggregation is dominated by the restriction of degrees of freedom involving the peripheral alkyl moieties upon stacking, which becomes increasingly relevant for longer chains. All these factors control Pt···Pt coupling, a crucial interaction for the design of photofunctional mesogens based on Pt(II) complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circularly polarized electroluminescent devices are conventionally fabricated by incorporating an optically active chiral luminophore into their emission layer. Herein, we developed a circularly polarized perovskite light-emitting diode (PeLED) system with an optically inactive perovskite luminophore that can emit near-infrared circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) upon application of an external magnetic field. The magnitude of the magnetic CPEL (gMCPEL) was in the order of 10−3 in the near-infrared wavelength range of 771–773 nm. Although the Pb perovskite quantum dots were achiral, the rotation direction of the CPEL of the magnetic circularly polarized PeLED system was successfully reversed by switching the Faraday geometry of the applied magnetic field. The use of achiral luminophores exhibiting magnetic-field-induced CPEL represents a new approach for the development of circularly polarized electroluminescent devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water-soluble organic luminophores based on 3-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid were studied both experimentally and by density functional theory for the first time. Because of peculiarities in chemical structure, one of them has a large Stokes shift, which results from excited state intramolecular proton transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling the efficient emission of organic luminogens in both monomeric and various aggregated states remains a challenging task. In this work, the motion of an organic luminophores is synergistically regulated by introducing side alkyl chains with appropriate length and the aromatic rotor triphenylamine. This study finds that the incorporation of alkyl chains not only increased the rotational barriers in the molecule, but also influenced the packing modes. The as‐prepared organic luminogen, FIMPA‐C6, exhibited bright emissions in solution, polymorph, and amorphous states. Furthermore, the emission of FIMPA‐C6 can be widely tuned from yellow to deep red in different aggregated states. The exceptional luminescent properties of FIMPA‐C6 make it a promising functional dye for cellular imaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endowing the widely-used synthetic polymer nylon with high-performance organic room-temperature phosphorescence would produce advanced materials with a great potential for applications in daily life and industry. One key to achieving this goal is to find a suitable organic luminophore that can access the triplet excited state with the aid of the nylon matrix by controlling the matrix-luminophore interaction. Herein we report highly-efficient room-temperature phosphorescence nylons by doping cyano-substituted benzimidazole derivatives into the nylon 6 matrix. These homogeneously doped materials show ultralong phosphorescence lifetimes of up to 1.5 s and high phosphorescence quantum efficiency of up to 48.3% at the same time. The synergistic effect of the homogeneous dopant distribution via hydrogen bonding interaction, the rigid environment of the matrix polymer, and the potential energy transfer between doped luminophores and nylon is important for achieving the high-performance room-temperature phosphorescence, as supported by combined experimental and theoretical results with control compounds and various polymeric matrices. One-dimensional optical fibers are prepared from these doped room-temperature phosphorescence nylons that can transport both blue fluorescent and green afterglow photonic signals across the millimeter distance without significant optical attenuation. The potential applications of these phosphorescent materials in dual information encryption and rewritable recording are illustrated. It may be useful to obtain nylon with room temperature phosphorescence, but identifying a suitable luminophore is challenging. Here, the authors report the doping of nylon with cyano-substituted benzimidazole derivatives for room temperature phosphorescent nylons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency of porphyrins is limited by the quenching of π–π stacking due to their poor water solubility and inherent instability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design and explore novel porphyrin luminophores with high ECL efficiency, which presents a significant challenge. In this work, a facile one-pot strategy was developed to synthesize a self-promoter-doped porphyrin-based ECL luminophore with high ECL efficiency for the first time. The silver nanoparticle (AgNPs)-doped meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) (AgNPs@TCPP) nanoassembly was prepared by inducing TCPP assembly using Ag nanoseeds produced by the reduction of silver nitrate with N,N-dimethylformamide. In this process, AgNPs could coordinate with the carboxyphenyl groups at the terminus of TCPP and the pyrrole nitrogen of TCPP. The resulting AgNPs@TCPP nanoassembly demonstrated superior ECL performance using K2S2O8 as a co-reactant, with an ECL efficiency of 217%, significantly higher than that of previously reported sodium dodecyl sulfate-assisted TCPP aggregate (92.3%) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted TCPP aggregate (57.5%). The self-promoted and highly efficient ECL of the AgNPs@TCPP nanoassembly was attributed to overcoming the ECL quenching due to bad TCPP aggregation by virtue of Ag nanoseeds induced TCPP assembly and the self-promoted ECL amplification by doping AgNPs with excellent conductivity. These findings offer a new approach for exploring highly efficient porphyrin-based ECL luminophores, thereby expanding the applications of porphyrins in ECL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linearly polarised luminescence (LPL) has a wide range of potential applications giving optical and geometric parameters for oriented lumiphores. In this work we present the first wavelength scanned LPL spectra. Analytes are either oriented on stretched polyethylene films or in flow. Applications of the wavelength-dependence of g-factors are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first comprehensive review of rhenium(I) carbonyl complexes with 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine-based ligands (R-terpy)—encompassing their synthesis, molecular features, photophysical behavior, and potential applications. Particular attention has been devoted to demonstrating how the coordination mode of 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (terpy-κ2N and terpy-κ3N), structural modifications of terpy framework (R), and the nature of ancillary ligands (X—mono-negative anion, L—neutral ligand) may tune the photophysical behavior of Re(I) complexes [Re(X/L)(CO)3(R-terpy-κ2N)]0/+ and [Re(X/L)(CO)2(R-terpy-κ3N)]0/+. Our discussion also includes homo- and heteronuclear multicomponent systems with {Re(CO)3(R-terpy-κ2N)} and {Re(CO)2(R-terpy-κ3N)} motifs. The presented structure–property relationships are of high importance for controlling the photoinduced processes in these systems and making further progress in the development of more efficient Re-based luminophores, photosensitizers, and photocatalysts for modern technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonconventional luminescent materials have been rising stars in organic luminophores due to their intrinsic characteristics, including water‐solubility, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness and have shown potential applications in diverse fields. As an indispensable branch of nonconventional luminescent materials, polysiloxanes, which consist of electron‐rich auxochromic groups, have exhibited outstanding photophysical properties due to the unique silicon atoms. The flexible Si‐O bonds benefit the aggregation, and the empty 3d orbitals of Si atoms can generate coordination bonds including N → Si and O → Si, altering the electron delocalization of the material and improving the luminescent purity. Herein, we review the recent progress in luminescent polysiloxanes with different topologies and discuss the challenges and perspectives. With an emphasis on the driving force for the aggregation and the mechanism of tuned emissions, the role of Si atoms played in the nonconventional luminophores is highlighted. This review may provide new insights into the design of nonconventional luminescent materials and expand their further applications in sensing, biomedicine, lighting devices, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unusual room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from the n electron‐rich systems (without regular conjugated structure) has aroused great attention for structural designing and application development of RTP materials. Such emission has been ascribed to clusterization‐triggered emission (CTE) via weak through‐space conjugation of n electrons in the heteroatoms. However, there was suspicion on such RTP as impurity‐induced result. Therefore, in‐depth photophysical investigation and effective proof methods are needed to trace the origin of such RTP. Here, using the recently reported CTE phosphor boric acid as the example, a Jablonski diagram‐based verification protocol was proposed to confirm the intrinsic luminescence of the n electrons‐rich systems. Meanwhile, some other types of luminophores, that is, traditional phosphors, already reported impurity‐induced and host‐guest doping luminophores, were included for comparison. Overall, this work provides a basic paradigm for differentiating between the impurity‐involved and the n electron‐rich phosphors and will further deepen the understanding of nonconventional luminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polar cyano fragments and their isomeric isocyano counterparts have attracted great attention as stimuli-responsive luminescent materials in a wide range of fields including organic light-emitting diode devices, chemical fluorescent sensors, photoelectric semiconductors, anti-counterfeit products, etc., mainly because of their typical electron-deficient activity, noncovalent recognition ability, and variable coordination capacity. The electron-deficient and polar nature of these blocks have significant effects on the properties of the cyano/isocyano-based luminophore materials, especially concerning their condensed state-dependent electronic structures. Among them, donor–acceptor (D–A) derived unimolecular and co-assembled luminophores have attracted more attention because their large delocalized structures and noncovalent interaction recognition sites can rebuild the electronic transfer character in the aggregative state, thus endowing them with outstanding stimuli-responsive luminescent behavior via intermolecular and intramolecular charge transfer in polytropic morphologies. In this perspective paper, we give a brief introduction on stimuli-responsive organic and coordinated luminophores and the documented typical design concepts and applications in recent years. It is expected that this perspective article will not only summarize the recent developments of polar cyano/isocyano-derived luminophores and their coordination compounds via structural tailoring and self-assembly but also throw light on the future of the design of more sophisticated stimuli-responsive architectures and their versatile properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the supersensitive and selective determination of lincomycin (Lin) was achieved using a novel electroluminescent (ECL) aptasensor based on the synergistic integration of gold functionalized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and thiolated 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA). The integration of two luminophores of UCNPs and PTCA combined the merits of the cathodoluminescence stability of UCNPs and the high quantum yield of PTCA, which significantly promoted the ECL signal and analytical performance of the proposed sensor. The introduction of gold nanoparticles in UCNPs can not only improve the conductivity and ECL performance of UCNPs but also cause them to easily integrate with thiolated PTCA (t-PTCA) via an Au-S bond. The ECL signal of UCNPs@Au/t-PTCA/GCE was almost twice as strong as that of t-PTCA/GCE and tenfold higher than that of UCNPs@Au/GCE. Because of the non-conductive protein of the Lin aptamer, the ECL intensity of apt/UCNPs@Au/t-PTCA/GCE noticeably decreased. In the presence of Lin, the aptamer was pulled down from the sensing interface, resulting in the recovery of the ECL intensity of the sensor. Under optimal conditions, our proposed sensor can quantify the concentration of Lin in the range from 1.0 × 10−15 to 1.0 × 10−7 M with a low detection limit of 2.4 × 10−16 M (S/N = 3), exhibiting high sensitivity and specificity for the determination of Lin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]