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The employment of biotechnology-based approaches such as somatic embryogenesis has been applied to several plants including Coffea sp. Despite the economic importance of this genus, few information about the role of key regulatory genes in somatic embryogenesis in coffee is available. This work provides information about ABI3 and VAL2 genes performance by RT-qPCR during indirect somatic embryogenesis of Coffea arabica. To achieve this, bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the genes of the B3 superfamily in the coffee genome. The cell suspensions lines presented similar histological and regeneration patterns, yielding of up to 6.6 embryos per 1 mg of embryogenic aggregates at 7 months. We have identified possible orthologs for VAL2 (Cc06g00410) and ABI3 (Cc01g17380) as well as the other members belonging to superfamily B3. The CaABI3 expression was higher in dedifferentiated competent cells for somatic embryogenesis as compared with non-embryogenic calli. Whereas the expression of VAL2 gene is more active in cotyledonary embryos and plantlets, showing its clear performance in the embryogenesis late stages. The present study suggests that CaABI3 gene could be potentially used as a biomarker for embryogenic process improvement. The good plantlets development obtained from the protocol used may be a reflection of the high expression of CaVAL2 in cotyledonary embryos and plantlets. The activity of CaABI3 is correlated to embryogenic potential with highly expressed in embryogenic masses and expression of the VAL2 gene is increased at the end of the embryogenic process.

The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of cell suspension of Coffea arabica cv. Catigua at four different ages by morphological and gene expression analysis. For this purpose, cell suspension samples were collected at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of embryogenic regions in all samples, and after 60 days, non-embryogenic regions were also identified. The genic analyses revealed that as the cells were transferred to a new medium a change in both their physical and chemical conditions was noticed that caused stress. The decrease in SERK and BBM genes expression after 75th day may also be due to the non-embryogenic regions, characterized by large, elongated and vacuolated cells that were observed in the periphery of embryogenic regions, starting from 60 days of culture.

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