6,455 results on '"LU YUE"'
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2. Prognostic value of EIF5A2 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
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Fang Jianwen, Yu Tianze, Jiang Xiaocong, Lu Yuexin, Shang Xi, Shen Haixing, Lu Yue, Zheng Jingyan, and Fu Peifen
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eif5a2 ,cancer ,prognosis ,meta-analysis ,emt ,Medicine - Abstract
In cancer biology, the aberrant overexpression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2) has been correlative with an ominous prognosis, thereby underscoring its pivotal role in fostering metastatic progression. Consequently, EIF5A2 has garnered significant attention as a compelling prognostic biomarker for various malignancies. Our research endeavors were thus aimed at elucidating the utility and significance of EIF5A2 as a robust indicator of cancer outcome prediction.
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- 2024
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3. AI agent-driven intelligent management and control of parallel museums
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LU Yue, GUO Chao, NI Qinghua, LI Huabiao, WANG Chunfa, and WANG Fei-Yue
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parallel museum ,intelligent museum ,parallel system ,AI agent ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Museums are responsible for the preservation, research and dissemination of vast cultural heritage. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, society's demand for the intelligence level of museums is increasing. General artificial intelligence represented by large language models and artificial intelligence agents has achieved milestone progress, providing new technological support for the construction of museums in the new era. The artificial intelligence agent-driven human-machine hybrid museum management architecture was proposed based on parallel intelligence and parallel museum systems, thereby further leveraging the framework of parallel interaction and parallel execution of parallel museums. The system architecture and key technologies of intelligent agent-driven parallel museums were elaborated. Parallel execution and interaction optimization between artificial museums and real museums were realized by building a production factory and operation platform for intelligent agents based on artificial systems, using computational experiments to model museums and train intelligent agents, and constructing a human-machine hybrid intelligent agent team composed of biological workers, digital workers, and robotic workers. Finally, typical cases of intelligent agent-driven parallel museums were introduced.
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- 2024
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4. Parallel music: human-machine hybrid music creation and performance in the era of large models
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NI Qinghua, LU Yue, LIN Fei, HUANG Jun, WANG Yijin, LIN Weihua, and WANG Fei-Yue
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parallel systems ,large models ,parallel arts ,parallel music ,parallel human ,ACP approach ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
As foundational models in specialized fields like sound art have rapidly advanced, the convergence of artificial intelligence with music creation and performance has become increasingly pronounced. A novel framework for music creation and performance called the parallel music system was proposed. Grounded in parallel systems theory and the artificial system, computational experiments, parallel execution (ACP) approach, this system stimulates the real-world music creation and performance environments to build highly authentic virtual scenarios. It facilitates real-time, seamless interactions between the virtual and real music systems and outlines the technological strategies for music creation and performance in the era of large models, incorporating a hybrid team of humans, digital beings, and robots. Additionally, the theoretical framework of parallel music and its critical technologies are discussed, the innovative contributions and potential in the modern music field are evaluated, the applications in scenarios like music generation and music therapy are examined. The objective is to harness the emerging AI technologies of the large model era to enhance traditional paths in music creation, drive technological advancements in music performance, unlock the creative potential of musicians, and offer fresh perspectives and inspirations for music creation and performance in the new era.
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- 2024
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5. Intelligent art factory: achieving creative automation through parallel art agents
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GUO Chao, DAI Xingyuan, LIAO Weilong, QI Jueyu, LU Yue, NI Qinghua, WANG Lin, and WANG Fei-Yue
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intelligent art factory ,parallel art ,foundation model ,AI agent ,human-machine co-creation ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
In recent years, multimodal content generation models have rapidly evolved, significantly improving the efficiency of creative workers. However, existing methods still require expertise and cannot realize the automation of the whole creation process, making it difficult to widely serve the public. This paper proposes the concept and architecture of intelligent art factory, based on advanced foundation models and AI agent systems. Creative production oriented agents and digital teams, in conjunction with the basic workflow, functions, and methods of the intelligent art factory are established. The creative process automation and creative knowledge automation are achieved through collaboration among biological humans, digital humans, and robots in cyber-physical-social spaces. The intelligent art factory seeks to further liberate the creativity of the public.
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- 2024
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6. Application value of combined coagulation function indicators in monitoring hypercoagulable state of patients with colorectal cancer after chemotherapy
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LU Yue, LU Renquan, ZHANG Jie, ZHENG Hui
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colorectal cancer ,chemotherapy ,thromboelastography ,conventional coagulation test ,thrombosis ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background and purpose: The plasma used for routine coagulation test (CCT) can only reflect a single component at a certain coagulation time point/segment, while thromboelastography (TEG) can depict the overall dynamic process curve of coagulation and fibrinolysis, which can more independently and completely reflect the true state of the blood and can serve as a supplement to coagulation function testing. This study aimed to evaluate the application value of combined coagulation function indexes in monitoring the hypercoagulable state of patients with colorectal cancer after chemotherapy, and to explore the risk factors of thrombosis in patients with colorectal cancer after chemotherapy, so as to provide reference for clinical monitoring of hypercoagulable state. Methods: A total of 160 patients with colorectal cancer from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the experimental group, and 80 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Then the experimental group was divided into a group without thrombosis (82 cases) and a group with thrombosis (78 cases) according to whether they had thrombosis or not. The determinations of thromboelastography (TEG) [coagulation reaction time (R), coagulation formation time (K), blood clot formation rate (α-Angle), maximum amplitude (MA) and coagulation index (CI)], conventional coagulation tests (CCT) [activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (Fib), D-dimer (DD), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP)] and platelet count (PLT) were studied among three groups. With or without thrombosis as the criterion of hypercoagulable state, statistically significant indicators were selected to be included in the binary logistic regression analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of single and combined detection of the coagulation function indicators for hypercoagulable state in patients with colorectal cancer after chemotherapy. Basic information, tumor stage and Autar score of deep vein thrombosis were collected in 160 patients with colorectal cancer. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors of thrombosis. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (number: 050432-4-2108*). Results: Compared with the control group, the R, TT and PLT of the group with thrombosis were decreased (P
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- 2024
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7. Chinese expert consensus recommendations for the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors to special cancer patient populations
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Jun Wang, Bicheng Zhang, Ling Peng, Xiufeng Liu, Jianguo Sun, Chunxia Su, Huijuan Wang, Zheng Zhao, Lu Si, Jianchun Duan, Hongmei Zhang, Mengxia Li, Bo Zhu, Li Zhang, Jin Li, Jun Guo, Rongcheng Luo, Wensheng Qiu, Dingwei Ye, Qian Chu, Jiuwei Cui, Xiaorong Dong, Yun Fan, Quanli Gao, Ye Guo, Zhiyong He, Wenfeng Li, Gen Lin, Lian Liu, Yutao Liu, Haifeng Qin, Shengxiang Ren, Xiubao Ren, Yongsheng Wang, Junli Xue, Yunpeng Yang, Zhenzhou Yang, Lu Yue, Xianbao Zhan, Junping Zhang, Jun Ma, Shukui Qin, and Baocheng Wang
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death 1, programmed cell death ligand 1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 have shown significantly durable clinical benefits and tolerable toxicities and have improved the survival of patients with various types of cancer. Since 2018, the National Medical Products Administration of China has approved 17 ICIs as the standard treatment for certain advanced or metastatic solid tumors. As ICIs represent a broad-spectrum antitumor strategy, the populations eligible for cancer immunotherapy are rapidly expanding. However, the clinical applications of ICIs in cancer patient populations with special issues, a term that refers to complex subgroups of patients with comorbidities, special clinical conditions, or concomitant medications who are routinely excluded from prospective clinical trials of ICIs or are underrepresented in these trials, represent a great real-world challenge. Although the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) has provided recommendations for screening before the use of ICIs in special populations, the recommendations for full-course management remain insufficient. The CSCO Expert Committee on Immunotherapy organized leading medical oncology and multidisciplinary experts to develop a consensus that will serve as an important reference for clinicians to guide the proper application of ICIs in special patient populations. This article is a translation of a study first published in Chinese in The Chinese Clinical Oncology (ISSN 1009-0460, CN 32-1577/R) in May 2022 (27(5):442–454). The publisher of the original paper has provided written confirmation of permission to publish this translation in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology .
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- 2023
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8. Effects of sleep quality on suicide risk in COVID-19 patients: The chain mediating of anxiety and depressive symptoms
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Yang Yiyue, Gu Kaiqi, Wang Rujie, Liu Honghong, Ming Xu, Feng Yingxue, Peng Yijing, Chen Yu, Ji Yuanyuan, Ma Jing, Li Dongxiao, Lu Yue, and Li Jing
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COVID-19 ,Sleep quality ,Suicide risk ,Depressive symptom ,Anxiety symptom ,Mediation ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Background: Although current studies have identified sleep disorders as an independent risk factor for suicide, the relationship between sleep disorders and suicide risk has not been well established. This study explored whether anxiety and depressive symptoms are used as mediators to participate in the impact of sleep quality on suicide risk. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. We administered a psychological questionnaire to the participants, using a combination of self-assessment and psychiatrist assessment.Sleep quality, suicide risk, level of anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed by PSQI, NGASR, SAS and SDS.The study subjects were 391 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from Wuhan hospitals. We used model 6 in the PROCESS (version 3.5) plug-in of SPSS software to conduct mediation test with sleep quality as the independent variable, suicide risk as the dependent variable, level of anxiety and depressive symptoms as intermediate variables. Results: The severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the risk of suicide in the sleep disorder group (63.15 ± 13.71, 59.85 ± 13.38, 6.52 ± 3.67) were higher than those in the non-sleep disorder group (49.83 ± 13.14, 44.87 ± 10.19, 2.87 ± 3.26) (P
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- 2023
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9. Mechanical properties and nugget evolution in resistance spot welding of Zn–Al–Mg galvanized DC51D steel
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Zhao Linlin, Lu Yue, Xiong Ziliu, Sun Li, Qi Jianjun, Yuan Xinjian, and Peng Jian
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steel ,rsw welding ,microstructure ,coating evolution ,nugget formation ,Technology ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc. ,TP200-248 - Abstract
Zn–Al–Mg coating galvanized steel in resistance spot welded (RSW) in different configurations of DC51D was investigated to illustrate the nugget evolution process and mechanical properties of the joints. Results show that the microstructure of welded joints can be divided into nugget zone (FZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base metal zone (BM). FZ was composed of lath martensite. The average hardness value of the weld joint was 110 HV0.2 while the FZ was up to 300 HV0.2 due to the formation of lath martensite. The failure modes can be divided into interface fracture (IF) and pull-out fracture occurred (PF) under different welding parameters, in which shear dimples showed had a typical plastic fracture morphology. The best range for welding parameters was found to be 12–18 cycles in which the nugget diameter reached 5.5 mm. The process of nugget evolution in HAZ and FZ was discussed.
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- 2023
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10. CPEB1 directs muscle stem cell activation by reprogramming the translational landscape
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Wenshu Zeng, Lu Yue, Kim S. W. Lam, Wenxin Zhang, Wai-Kin So, Erin H. Y. Tse, and Tom H. Cheung
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Science - Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells are actively maintained in quiescence, but can activate quickly upon extrinsic stimulation. Here the authors show that CPEB1 promotes muscle stem cell activation by reprogramming the translational landscape.
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- 2022
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11. Paclitaxel liposome for injection (Lipusu) plus cisplatin versus gemcitabine plus cisplatin in the first‐line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic lung squamous cell carcinoma: A multicenter, randomized, open‐label, parallel controlled clinical study
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Jie Zhang, Yueyin Pan, Qin Shi, Guojun Zhang, Liyan Jiang, Xiaorong Dong, Kangsheng Gu, Huijuan Wang, Xiaochun Zhang, Nong Yang, Yuping Li, Jianping Xiong, Tienan Yi, Min Peng, Yong Song, Yun Fan, Jiuwei Cui, Gongyan Chen, Wei Tan, Aimin Zang, Qisen Guo, Guangqiang Zhao, Ziping Wang, Jianxing He, Wenxiu Yao, Xiaohong Wu, Kai Chen, Xiaohua Hu, Chunhong Hu, Lu Yue, Da Jiang, Guangfa Wang, Junfeng Liu, Guohua Yu, Junling Li, Jianling Bai, Wenmin Xie, Weihong Zhao, Lihong Wu, and Caicun Zhou
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chemotherapy ,cisplatin ,clinical trial ,gemcitabine ,liposomal paclitaxel (Lipusu) ,locally advanced ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Lipusu is the first commercialized liposomal formulation of paclitaxel and has demonstrated promising efficacy against locally advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in a small‐scale study. Here, we conducted a multicenter, randomized, phase 3 study to compare the efficacy and safety of cisplatin plus Lipusu (LP) versus cisplatin plus gemcitabine (GP) as first‐line treatment in locally advanced or metastatic LSCC. Methods Patients enrolled were aged between 18 to 75 years, had locally advanced (clinical stage IIIB, ineligible for concurrent chemoradiation or surgery) or metastatic (Stage IV) LSCC, had no previous systemic chemotherapy and at least one measurable lesion as per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1) before administration of the trial drug. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety profiles. To explore the possible predictive value of plasma cytokines for LP treatment, plasma samples were collected from the LP group at baseline and first efficacy evaluation time and were then subjected to analysis by 45‐Plex ProcartaPlex Panel 1 to detect the presence of 45 cytokines using the Luminex xMAP technology. The correlation between treatment outcomes and dynamic changes in the levels of cytokines were evaluated in preliminary analyses. Results The median duration of follow‐up was 15.4 months. 237 patients in the LP group and 253 patients in the GP group were included in the per protocol set (PPS). In the PPS, the median PFS was 5.2 months versus 5.5 months in the LP and GP group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03, P = 0.742) respectively. The median OS was 14.6 months versus 12.5 months in the LP and GP group (HR: 0.83, P = 0.215). The ORR (41.8% versus 45.9%, P = 0.412) and DCR (90.3% versus 88.1%, P = 0.443) were also similar between the LP and GP group. A significantly lower proportion of patients in the LP group experienced adverse events (AEs) leading to treatment interruptions (10.9% versus 26.4%, P < 0.001) or treatment termination (14.3% versus 23.1%, P = 0.011). The analysis of cytokine levels in the LP group showed that low baseline levels of 27 cytokines were associated with an increased ORR, and 15 cytokines were associated with improved PFS, with 14 cytokines, including TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐6, and IL‐8, demonstrating an overlapping trend. Conclusion The LP regimen demonstrated similar PFS, OS, ORR and DCR as the GP regimen for patients with locally advanced or metastatic LSCC but had more favorable toxicity profiles. The study also identified a spectrum of different cytokines that could be potentially associated with the clinical benefit in patients who received the LP regimen.
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- 2022
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12. Optomechanical self-organization in a mesoscopic atom array
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Ho, Jacquelyn, Lu, Yue-Hui, Xiang, Tai, Rusconi, Cosimo C., Masson, Stuart J., Asenjo-Garcia, Ana, Yan, Zhenjie, and Stamper-Kurn, Dan M.
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Quantum Physics ,Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases ,Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
A fundamental challenge in modern physics is bridging the gap between an exact description of few-body microscopic systems and the emergent description of many-body macroscopic systems. This gap may be bridged by tracing the properties of well-controlled intermediate-size mesoscopic systems. Here, we study mesoscopic signatures of a spatial self-organization phase transition in deterministically prepared arrays of between 10 and 22 atoms inside an optical cavity. Through precise engineering of the atom-cavity interactions, we reveal how critical behavior depends on atom number. We identify characteristic dynamical behaviors related to symmetry breaking and system size in the self-organized regime, and observe a finite optomechanical susceptibility at the critical point. This work opens the door to probing particle-number- and time-resolved properties of phase transitions in mesoscopic systems., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures
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- 2024
13. Hooks, Lines, and Sinkers: How AGN Feedback and Cosmic-Ray Transport shape the Far Infrared-Radio Correlation of Galaxies
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Ponnada, Sam B., Cochrane, Rachel K., Hopkins, Philip F., Butsky, Iryna S., Wellons, Sarah, Sanchez, N. Nicole, Hummels, Cameron, Lu, Yue Samuel, Kereš, Dušan, and Hayward, Christopher C.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The far-infrared (FIR) - radio correlation (FRC) is one of the most promising empirical constraints on the role of cosmic-rays (CRs) and magnetic fields (\textbf{B}) in galaxy formation and evolution. While many theories have been proposed in order to explain the emergence and maintenance of the FRC across a gamut of galaxy properties and redshift, the non-linear physics at play remain unexplored in full complexity and cosmological context. We present the first reproduction of the $z \sim 0$ FRC using detailed synthetic observations of state-of-the-art cosmological zoom-in simulations from the FIRE-3 suite with explicitly-evolved CR proton and electron (CRe) spectra, for three models for CR transport and multi-channel AGN feedback. In doing so, we generally verify the predictions of `calorimeter' theories at high FIR luminosities (\Lsixty\, $\gtrsim$ 10$^{9.5}$) and at low FIR luminosities (\Lsixty\, $\lesssim$ 10$^{9.5}$) the so-called `conspiracy' of increasing ultraviolet radiation escape in tandem with increasing CRe escape, and find that the global FRC is insensitive to \textit{orders-of-magnitude} locally-variable CR transport coefficients. Importantly, the indirect effect of AGN feedback on emergent observables highlights novel interpretations of outliers in the FRC. In particular, we find that in many cases, `radio-excess' objects can be better understood as \textit{IR-dim} objects with longer-lived radio contributions at low $z$ from Type Ia SNe and intermittent black hole accretion in quenching galaxies, though this is sensitive to the interplay of CR transport and AGN feedback physics. This creates characteristic evolutionary tracks leading to the $z=0$ FRC, which shape the subsequent late-time behavior of each model., Comment: 21 pages, of which 16 are main text, with 6 Figures, 1 Table, and one additional Appendix Figure. The remaining 4 pages are references. Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal
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- 2024
14. Frequency-Guided Spatial Adaptation for Camouflaged Object Detection
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Zhang, Shizhou, Kong, Dexuan, Xing, Yinghui, Lu, Yue, Ran, Lingyan, Liang, Guoqiang, Wang, Hexu, and Zhang, Yanning
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Camouflaged object detection (COD) aims to segment camouflaged objects which exhibit very similar patterns with the surrounding environment. Recent research works have shown that enhancing the feature representation via the frequency information can greatly alleviate the ambiguity problem between the foreground objects and the background.With the emergence of vision foundation models, like InternImage, Segment Anything Model etc, adapting the pretrained model on COD tasks with a lightweight adapter module shows a novel and promising research direction. Existing adapter modules mainly care about the feature adaptation in the spatial domain. In this paper, we propose a novel frequency-guided spatial adaptation method for COD task. Specifically, we transform the input features of the adapter into frequency domain. By grouping and interacting with frequency components located within non overlapping circles in the spectrogram, different frequency components are dynamically enhanced or weakened, making the intensity of image details and contour features adaptively adjusted. At the same time, the features that are conducive to distinguishing object and background are highlighted, indirectly implying the position and shape of camouflaged object. We conduct extensive experiments on four widely adopted benchmark datasets and the proposed method outperforms 26 state-of-the-art methods with large margins. Code will be released., Comment: The paper has been accepted for publication as a regular paper in the IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
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- 2024
15. Prognostic value of eight immune gene signatures in pancreatic cancer patients
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Wenting Wang, Zhijian Xu, Ning Wang, Ruyong Yao, Tao Qin, Hao Lin, and Lu Yue
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, and it has a poor prognosis. Traditional methods are not effective to accurately assess the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Immunotherapy is a new promising approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, some patients do not respond well to immunotherapy, which may be related to tumor microenvironment regulation. In this study, we use gene expression database to mine important immune genes and establish a prognostic prediction model for pancreatic cancer patients. We hope to provide a feasible method to evaluate the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and provide valuable targets for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy. Results We used univariate COX proportional hazard regression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate COX regression analysis to screen 8 genes related to prognosis from the 314 immune-related genes, and used them to construct a new clinical prediction model in the TCGA pancreatic cancer cohort. Subsequently, we evaluated the prognostic value of the model. The Kaplan–Meier cumulative curve showed that patients with low risk scores survived significantly longer than patients with high risk scores. The area under the ROC curve (AUC value) of the risk score was 0.755. The univariate COX analysis showed that the risk score was significantly related to overall survival (HR 1.406, 95% CI 1.237–1.598, P
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- 2021
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16. Asymmetric regular sampling SPWM method based on tangent approximation algorithm
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LI Wei, LI Weibo, XU Cong, LU Yue, and CHEN Hui
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electric inverter ,sinusoidal pulse width modulation ,regular sampling ,tangent approximation ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 - Abstract
Objectives In order to improve the quality of sinusoidal waveform output by the ship's high-frequency inverter charging device and reduce the CPU occupancy rate, an asymmetric regular sampling sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) method based on tangent approximation is proposed.Methods According to the basic principle and calculation method of the asymmetric regular sampling SPWM method based on tangent approximation, a Matlab/Simulink simulation model is built, and then the software algorithm flow that can be used in the high-frequency inverter charging device is designed together with the actual output of the tangent approximation method. The effects are then compared and verified by experiments.Results The simulation results show that under pure resistive load and resistive inductive load, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the load-end waveform based on tangent approximation method is 2.12% and 2.08%, respectively, and its waveform quality is better than symmetric regular sampling. The experimental results show that the THD of load-end waveform based on the tangent approximation method is significantly lower than the symmetric regular sampling method. When the effective value of the input line voltage is 580 V (the modulation ratio is 0.8), the quality of the output waveform is relatively optimal.Conclusions The asymmetric regular sampling SPWM method based on tangent approximation overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional symmetric regular sampling method, such as the low quality of the output waveform and the traditional asymmetric regular sampling method's high sampling frequency and high CPU occupancy rate. The research results can provide reference for the design of ship's high frequency inverter charging devices.
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- 2020
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17. Visual Prompt Tuning in Null Space for Continual Learning
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Lu, Yue, Zhang, Shizhou, Cheng, De, Xing, Yinghui, Wang, Nannan, Wang, Peng, and Zhang, Yanning
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Existing prompt-tuning methods have demonstrated impressive performances in continual learning (CL), by selecting and updating relevant prompts in the vision-transformer models. On the contrary, this paper aims to learn each task by tuning the prompts in the direction orthogonal to the subspace spanned by previous tasks' features, so as to ensure no interference on tasks that have been learned to overcome catastrophic forgetting in CL. However, different from the orthogonal projection in the traditional CNN architecture, the prompt gradient orthogonal projection in the ViT architecture shows completely different and greater challenges, i.e., 1) the high-order and non-linear self-attention operation; 2) the drift of prompt distribution brought by the LayerNorm in the transformer block. Theoretically, we have finally deduced two consistency conditions to achieve the prompt gradient orthogonal projection, which provide a theoretical guarantee of eliminating interference on previously learned knowledge via the self-attention mechanism in visual prompt tuning. In practice, an effective null-space-based approximation solution has been proposed to implement the prompt gradient orthogonal projection. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of anti-forgetting on four class-incremental benchmarks with diverse pre-trained baseline models, and our approach achieves superior performances to state-of-the-art methods. Our code is available at https://github.com/zugexiaodui/VPTinNSforCL., Comment: Accepted by NeurIPS 2024
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- 2024
18. Asymptotic theory of in-context learning by linear attention
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Lu, Yue M., Letey, Mary I., Zavatone-Veth, Jacob A., Maiti, Anindita, and Pehlevan, Cengiz
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Statistics - Machine Learning ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Transformers have a remarkable ability to learn and execute tasks based on examples provided within the input itself, without explicit prior training. It has been argued that this capability, known as in-context learning (ICL), is a cornerstone of Transformers' success, yet questions about the necessary sample complexity, pretraining task diversity, and context length for successful ICL remain unresolved. Here, we provide a precise answer to these questions in an exactly solvable model of ICL of a linear regression task by linear attention. We derive sharp asymptotics for the learning curve in a phenomenologically-rich scaling regime where the token dimension is taken to infinity; the context length and pretraining task diversity scale proportionally with the token dimension; and the number of pretraining examples scales quadratically. We demonstrate a double-descent learning curve with increasing pretraining examples, and uncover a phase transition in the model's behavior between low and high task diversity regimes: In the low diversity regime, the model tends toward memorization of training tasks, whereas in the high diversity regime, it achieves genuine in-context learning and generalization beyond the scope of pretrained tasks. These theoretical insights are empirically validated through experiments with both linear attention and full nonlinear Transformer architectures., Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, and supplementary information
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- 2024
19. Characterization of the ‘Oat-Like Rice’ Caused by a Novel Allele OsMADS1 Olr Reveals Vital Importance of OsMADS1 in Regulating Grain Shape in Oryza sativa L.
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Penghui Li, Hui Li, Zhijian Liu, Yong Zhuang, Ming Wei, Yuanyang Gu, Yangxuan Liu, Xiuqiang Sun, Yuying Tang, Lu Yue, Longxiang Lu, Dagang Luo, Weizao Huang, Shengbin Tu, and Songhu Wang
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Oat-like rice ,OsMADS1 Olr ,Elongated leafy lemmas and paleae ,Grain shape ,Conjugated twin brown rice ,Rice ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Abstract Background Grain shape is a critical agronomic trait affecting grain yield and quality. Exploration and functional characterization of grain shape-related genes will facilitate rice breeding for higher quality and yield. Results Here, we characterized a recessive mutant named Oat-like rice for its unique grain shape which highly resembles oat grains. The Oat-like rice displayed abnormal floral organs, an open hull formed by remarkably elongated leafy lemmas and paleae, occasionally formed conjugated twin brown rice, an aberrant grain shape and a low seed setting rate. By map-based cloning, we discovered that Oat-like rice harbors a novel allele of OsMADS1 gene (OsMADS1 Olr), which has a spontaneous point mutation that causes the substitution of an amino acid that is highly conserved in the MADS-box domain of the MADS-box family. Further linkage analysis indicated that the point mutation in the OsMADS1 Olr is associated with Oat-like rice phenotype, and expression analysis of the OsMADS1 by qRT-PCR and GUS staining also indicated that it is highly expressed in flower organs as well as in the early stages of grain development. Furthermore, OsMADS1 Olr-overexpressing plants showed similar phenotypes of Oat-like rice in grain shape, possibly due to the dominant negative effect. And OsMADS1-RNAi plants also displayed grain phenotypes like Oat-like rice. These results suggested that OsMADS1 Olr is responsible for the Oat-like rice phenotype including aberrant grain shape. Moreover, the expression levels of representative genes related to grain shape regulation were apparently altered in Oat-like rice, OsMADS1 Olr-overexpressing and OsMADS1-RNAi transgenic plants. Finally, compared with Oat-like rice, OsMADS1 Olr-overexpressing and OsMADS1-RNAi plants, mild phenotype of seed-specific OsMADS1-RNAi transgenic plants indicated that OsMADS1 may has has a direct regulation role in grain development and the grain phenotypes of Oat-like rice, OsMADS1 Olr-overexpressing and OsMADS1-RNAi plants are majorly caused by the abnormal lemma and palea development. Conclusions Altogether, our results showed that grain shape and a low seed setting rate of the notable ‘Oat-like rice’ are caused by a spontaneous point mutation in the novel allele OsMADS1 Olr. Furthermore, our findings suggested that OsMADS1 mediates grain shape possibly by affecting the expression of representative genes related to grain shape regulation. Thus, this study not only revealed that OsMADS1 plays a vital role in regulating grain shape of rice but also highlighted the importance and value of OsMADS1 to improve the quality and yield of rice by molecular breeding.
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- 2020
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20. Wide gamut, angle-insensitive structural colors based on deep-subwavelength bilayer media
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Pan Hui, Wen Zhengji, Tang Zhihong, Xu Gangyi, Pan Xiaohang, Xu Qianqian, Lu Yue, Xu Hao, Sun Yan, Dai Ning, and Hao Jiaming
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angle-insensitive ,deep-subwavelength ,lithography-free ,structural colors ,wide gamut ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Wide gamut and angle-insensitive structural colors are highly desirable for many applications. Herein, a new type of lithography-free, planar bilayer nanostructures for generating structural colors is presented, which is basically composed of a deep-subwavelength, highly absorbing dielectric layer on an opaque metallic substrate. Experimental results show that a galaxy of brilliant structural colors can be generated by our structures, and which can cover ∼50% of the standard red–green–blue color space by adjusting the nanostructure dimensions. The color appearances are robust with respect to the angle of vision. Theoretical partial reflected wave analyses reveal that the structural color effect is attributed to the strong optical asymmetric Fabry–Perot-type (F–P-type) thin-film resonance interference. The versatility of the structural color properties as well as the simplicity of their fabrication processes make this bilayer structures very promising for various applications, such as security marking, information encryption, and color display, etc.
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- 2020
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21. Efficacy and safety of MIL60 compared with bevacizumab in advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind study
- Author
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Rui Wan, Xiaorong Dong, Qun Chen, Yan Yu, Shujun Yang, Xiaochun Zhang, Guojun Zhang, Yueyin Pan, Sanyuan Sun, Chengzhi Zhou, Wei Hong, Hui Zhao, Lei Yang, Linian Huang, Rong Wu, Aimin Zang, Rui Ma, Lin Wu, Dongqing Lv, Xiuhua Fu, Jianguo Han, Wenxin Li, Jianchun Duan, Kai Wang, Ou Jiang, Yinglan Chen, Zhongliang Guo, Hongjun Gao, Juyi Wen, Shubin Wang, Enfeng Zhao, Gaofeng Li, Lu Yue, Li Liang, Aiping Zeng, Xiaoshan Wang, Yuxi Zhu, Hongming Pan, Zhaoxia Dai, Weineng Feng, Guofang Zhao, Chuan Lin, Chong Li, Na Li, Yangyi Bao, Yinyin Li, Yanjun Su, Min Zhao, Haohui Fang, Yulong Zhu, Yu Zhang, Lieming Ding, Yang Wang, Xiaobin Yuan, and Jie Wang
- Subjects
MIL60 ,biosimilar ,bevacizumab ,equivalence ,non-squamous NSCLC ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: We compared the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of MIL60 with reference bevacizumab as first-line treatment in patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in this phase 3, randomized, double-blind study. Methods: Patients with untreated advanced or recurrent NSCLC were randomized (1:1 ratio) to receive either MIL60 or bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel/carboplatin. Patients with non-progressive disease continued maintenance single-agent MIL60 until disease progression, or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was the 12-week objective response rates (ORR12) by independent review committee (IRC) using RECIST 1.1. Bioequivalence was established if the ORR ratio located between 0.75 and 1/0.75. The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03196986). Findings: Between Aug 23, 2017, and May 8, 2019, 517 patients were randomly assigned to MIL60 group (n=257) and bevacizumab group (n=260). In the full analysis set (FAS) population including all randomized and evaluable patients who received at least one dose of MIL60 or bevacizumab, the ORR12 in MIL60 group and bevacizumab group were 48.6% and 43.1%, respectively. The ORR ratio of these two groups were 1.14 (90% CI 0.97-1.33), which fell within the pre-specified equivalence boundaries (0.75-1/0.75). The median DOR was 5.7 months (95% CI 4.5-6.2) for MIL60 and 5.6 months (95% CI 4.3-6.4) for bevacizumab. No significant difference was noted in median PFS (7.2 vs. 8.1 months; HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.78-1.30, p=0.9606) and OS (19.3 vs. 16.3 months; HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.64-1.02, p=0.0755). Safety and tolerability profiles were similar between the two groups. No patient detected positive for Anti-drug antibody (ADA). Interpretation: The efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of MIL60 were similar with bevacizumab, providing an alternative treatment option for advanced or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC. Funding: This study was sponsored by Betta Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
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- 2021
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22. Enhancing the Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Performance through Surface Defect Enrichment of Ceria-Based Supports for Platinum Catalyst.
- Author
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Xie, Shaohua, Lu, Yue, Ye, Kailong, Tan, Wei, Cao, Sufeng, Wang, Chunying, Kim, Daekun, Zhang, Xing, Loukusa, Jeremia, Li, Yaobin, Zhang, Yan, Ma, Lu, Ehrlich, Steven, Marinkovic, Nebojsa, Deng, Jiguang, Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Maria, and Liu, Fudong
- Subjects
CO adsorption ,O2 activation ,Pt single-atom catalyst ,embedded Pt cluster ,surface defect enrichment ,Carbon Monoxide ,Platinum ,Catalysis ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Cerium ,Adsorption ,Surface Properties - Abstract
Effective synthesis and application of single-atom catalysts on supports lacking enough defects remain a significant challenge in environmental catalysis. Herein, we present a universal defect-enrichment strategy to increase the surface defects of CeO2-based supports through H2 reduction pretreatment. The Pt catalysts supported by defective CeO2-based supports, including CeO2, CeZrOx, and CeO2/Al2O3 (CA), exhibit much higher Pt dispersion and CO oxidation activity upon reduction activation compared to their counterpart catalysts without defect enrichment. Specifically, Pt is present as embedded single atoms on the CA support with enriched surface defects (CA-HD) based on which the highly active catalyst showing embedded Pt clusters (PtC) with the bottom layer of Pt atoms substituting the Ce cations in the CeO2 surface lattice can be obtained through reduction activation. Embedded PtC can better facilitate CO adsorption and promote O2 activation at PtC-CeO2 interfaces, thereby contributing to the superior low-temperature CO oxidation activity of the Pt/CA-HD catalyst after activation.
- Published
- 2024
23. Fragile Model Watermark for integrity protection: leveraging boundary volatility and sensitive sample-pairing
- Author
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Gao, ZhenZhe, Tang, Zhenjun, Yin, Zhaoxia, Wu, Baoyuan, and Lu, Yue
- Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Neural networks have increasingly influenced people's lives. Ensuring the faithful deployment of neural networks as designed by their model owners is crucial, as they may be susceptible to various malicious or unintentional modifications, such as backdooring and poisoning attacks. Fragile model watermarks aim to prevent unexpected tampering that could lead DNN models to make incorrect decisions. They ensure the detection of any tampering with the model as sensitively as possible.However, prior watermarking methods suffered from inefficient sample generation and insufficient sensitivity, limiting their practical applicability. Our approach employs a sample-pairing technique, placing the model boundaries between pairs of samples, while simultaneously maximizing logits. This ensures that the model's decision results of sensitive samples change as much as possible and the Top-1 labels easily alter regardless of the direction it moves., Comment: The article has been accepted by IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo 2024
- Published
- 2024
24. New constraints on Triton's atmosphere from the 6 October 2022 stellar occultation
- Author
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Yuan, Ye, Zhang, Chen, Li, Fan, Chen, Jian, Fu, Yanning, Bai, Chunhai, Gao, Xing, Wang, Yong, Zhong, Tuhong, Gao, Yixing, Wang, Liang, Chen, Donghua, Zhang, Yixing, Zhang, Yang, Xie, Wenpeng, Zhang, Shupi, Liu, Ding, Cao, Jun, Yin, Xiangdong, Mo, Xiaojun, Liu, Jing, Han, Xinru, Liu, Tong, Chen, Yuqiang, Gao, Zhendong, Zeng, Xiang, Niu, Guihua, Zheng, Xiansheng, Lin, Yuchen, Ye, Peiyu, Liang, Weitang, Zhu, Chengcheng, Hu, Zhiqiang, He, Jianguo, Zhang, Wei, Chen, Yue, Cheng, Zhuo, Sun, Tianrui, Guo, Chenyang, Lu, Yue, Lin, Jiajun, Tan, Wei, Zhou, Jia, Xu, Jun, He, Jun, Ye, Jiahui, Li, Delai, Zhang, Shuai, and Qu, Qingyue
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
The atmosphere of Triton was probed directly by observing a ground-based stellar occultation on 6 October 2022. This rare event yielded 23 positive light curves collected from 13 separate observation stations contributing to our campaign. The significance of this event lies in its potential to directly validate the modest pressure fluctuation on Triton, a phenomenon not definitively verified by previous observations, including only five stellar occultations, and the Voyager 2 radio occultation in 1989. Using an approach consistent with a comparable study, we precisely determined a surface pressure of $14.07_{-0.13}^{+0.21}~\mathrm{\mu bar}$ in 2022. This new pressure rules out any significant monotonic variation in pressure between 2017 and 2022 through direct observations, as it is in alignment with the 2017 value. Additionally, both the pressures in 2017 and 2022 align with the 1989 value. This provides further support for the conclusion drawn from the previous volatile transport model simulation, which is consistent with the observed alignment between the pressures in 1989 and 2017; that is to say, the pressure fluctuation is modest. Moreover, this conclusion suggests the existence of a northern polar cap extended down to at least $45^\circ$N$-60^\circ$N and the presence of nitrogen between $30^\circ$S and $0^\circ$., Comment: Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press. 9 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables
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- 2024
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25. Asymptotics of Random Feature Regression Beyond the Linear Scaling Regime
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Hu, Hong, Lu, Yue M., and Misiakiewicz, Theodor
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Statistics - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Mathematics - Statistics Theory - Abstract
Recent advances in machine learning have been achieved by using overparametrized models trained until near interpolation of the training data. It was shown, e.g., through the double descent phenomenon, that the number of parameters is a poor proxy for the model complexity and generalization capabilities. This leaves open the question of understanding the impact of parametrization on the performance of these models. How does model complexity and generalization depend on the number of parameters $p$? How should we choose $p$ relative to the sample size $n$ to achieve optimal test error? In this paper, we investigate the example of random feature ridge regression (RFRR). This model can be seen either as a finite-rank approximation to kernel ridge regression (KRR), or as a simplified model for neural networks trained in the so-called lazy regime. We consider covariates uniformly distributed on the $d$-dimensional sphere and compute sharp asymptotics for the RFRR test error in the high-dimensional polynomial scaling, where $p,n,d \to \infty$ while $p/ d^{\kappa_1}$ and $n / d^{\kappa_2}$ stay constant, for all $\kappa_1 , \kappa_2 \in \mathbb{R}_{>0}$. These asymptotics precisely characterize the impact of the number of random features and regularization parameter on the test performance. In particular, RFRR exhibits an intuitive trade-off between approximation and generalization power. For $n = o(p)$, the sample size $n$ is the bottleneck and RFRR achieves the same performance as KRR (which is equivalent to taking $p = \infty$). On the other hand, if $p = o(n)$, the number of random features $p$ is the limiting factor and RFRR test error matches the approximation error of the random feature model class (akin to taking $n = \infty$). Finally, a double descent appears at $n= p$, a phenomenon that was previously only characterized in the linear scaling $\kappa_1 = \kappa_2 = 1$., Comment: 106 pages, 8 figures
- Published
- 2024
26. A Convergence Analysis of Approximate Message Passing with Non-Separable Functions and Applications to Multi-Class Classification
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Çakmak, Burak, Lu, Yue M., and Opper, Manfred
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Information Theory - Abstract
Motivated by the recent application of approximate message passing (AMP) to the analysis of convex optimizations in multi-class classifications [Loureiro, et. al., 2021], we present a convergence analysis of AMP dynamics with non-separable multivariate nonlinearities. As an application, we present a complete (and independent) analysis of the motivated convex optimization problem.
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- 2024
27. Asymptotics of feature learning in two-layer networks after one gradient-step
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Cui, Hugo, Pesce, Luca, Dandi, Yatin, Krzakala, Florent, Lu, Yue M., Zdeborová, Lenka, and Loureiro, Bruno
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Statistics - Machine Learning ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
In this manuscript, we investigate the problem of how two-layer neural networks learn features from data, and improve over the kernel regime, after being trained with a single gradient descent step. Leveraging the insight from (Ba et al., 2022), we model the trained network by a spiked Random Features (sRF) model. Further building on recent progress on Gaussian universality (Dandi et al., 2023), we provide an exact asymptotic description of the generalization error of the sRF in the high-dimensional limit where the number of samples, the width, and the input dimension grow at a proportional rate. The resulting characterization for sRFs also captures closely the learning curves of the original network model. This enables us to understand how adapting to the data is crucial for the network to efficiently learn non-linear functions in the direction of the gradient -- where at initialization it can only express linear functions in this regime.
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- 2024
28. Regulating photothermal properties of near-infrared croconaine dyes by supramolecular assembly
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Ren, Yangge, Lu, Yue, Gao, Juanjuan, Ding, Yi, Zhu, Bo, Hou, Xinyu, and Jia, Lin
- Published
- 2024
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29. Protocol for Isolation and Characterization of In Situ Fixed Quiescent Muscle Stem Cells
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Lu Yue and Tom H. Cheung
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Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Summary: Quiescent muscle stem cells, also called satellite cells (SCs), are essential for muscle regeneration. However, quiescent SCs are quickly activated during fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) isolation. Here, we present an optimized protocol to isolate quiescent muscle stem cells from fixative-perfused mice and generate high-quality cDNA libraries for RNA-sequencing analysis. Fixation preserves the signatures of quiescent muscle stem cells in vivo. Isolated SCs can be used for downstream analysis such as immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry.For complete information on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yue et al. (2020).
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- 2020
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30. Brush Your Text: Synthesize Any Scene Text on Images via Diffusion Model
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Zhang, Lingjun, Chen, Xinyuan, Wang, Yaohui, Lu, Yue, and Qiao, Yu
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Recently, diffusion-based image generation methods are credited for their remarkable text-to-image generation capabilities, while still facing challenges in accurately generating multilingual scene text images. To tackle this problem, we propose Diff-Text, which is a training-free scene text generation framework for any language. Our model outputs a photo-realistic image given a text of any language along with a textual description of a scene. The model leverages rendered sketch images as priors, thus arousing the potential multilingual-generation ability of the pre-trained Stable Diffusion. Based on the observation from the influence of the cross-attention map on object placement in generated images, we propose a localized attention constraint into the cross-attention layer to address the unreasonable positioning problem of scene text. Additionally, we introduce contrastive image-level prompts to further refine the position of the textual region and achieve more accurate scene text generation. Experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the existing method in both the accuracy of text recognition and the naturalness of foreground-background blending., Comment: Accepted to AAAI 2024. Code: https://github.com/ecnuljzhang/brush-your-text
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- 2023
31. State-insensitive wavelengths for light shifts and photon scattering from Zeeman states
- Author
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Masson, Stuart J., Yan, Zhenjie, Ho, Jacquelyn, Lu, Yue-Hui, Stamper-Kurn, Dan M., and Asenjo-Garcia, Ana
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,Physics - Atomic Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Atoms are not two-level systems, and their rich internal structure often leads to complex phenomena in the presence of light. Here, we analyze off-resonant light scattering including the full hyperfine and magnetic structure. We find a set of frequency detunings where the induced atomic dipole is the same irrespective of the Zeeman state, and where two-photon transitions that alter the atomic state turn off. For alkali atoms and alkaline-earth ions, if the hyperfine splitting is dominated by the magnetic dipole moment contribution, these detunings approximately coincide. Therefore, at a given ``magical'' detuning, all Zeeman states in a hyperfine manifold behave almost identically, and can be traced out to good approximation. This feature prevents state decoherence due to light scattering, which impacts quantum optics experiments and quantum information applications., Comment: 12+9 pages, 4+1 figures, 2 tables. This version is in line with the published version
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- 2023
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32. Contribution of linoleic acid to the formation of advanced glycation end products in model systems during heat treatment
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Xin Zhao, Lu Yue, Xincheng Liu, and Ling Liu
- Subjects
glycation ,linoleic acid ,radical formation ,flavour ,Agriculture - Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are glycosylated metabolic products generated in vivo and are associated with aging-related diseases. They are also formed during heat treatment in food processing. In this work, we investigated the contribution of linoleic acid (LA) to AGE formation using a protein/glucose model. An electronic tongue, denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyse reaction intermediates and reactive radical formation. The results show that LA is the key factor responsible for the change in flavour including the rapid triggering of glycation reactions. The amount of lipid-induced reactive radicals was significantly higher than in the non-fat system, radical generation in the non-fat system was gradually quenched after a robust radical-yielding reaction in the first 25 minutes. Subsequent unsaturated lipid oxidation, and AGE accumulation surpass Maillard reaction-only outcomes. Initial LA-induced changes in protein structure are followed by glycation and are enhanced by hydrophobic interactions and increased carbonyl levels resulting from lipid oxidation. These findings implicate lipids and lipid oxidation as the main factors responsible for AGE formation during the processing of fat-rich unsaturated fatty acid-containing foods.
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- 2017
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33. Integrative analyses of transcriptome, microRNA-seq and metabolome reveal insights into exogenous melatonin-mediated salt tolerance during seed germination of maize
- Author
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Xu, Shuhui, Wang, Shuting, Wang, Zhichao, Lu, Yue, Tao, Tianyun, Huang, Qianfeng, Lu, Zhou, Wang, Hanyao, Su, Yanze, Gharib, Ahmed, Zhou, Yong, Xu, Yan, Li, Pengcheng, Chen, Rujia, and Yang, Zefeng
- Published
- 2024
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34. Adaptive feature fusion for scene text script identification
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Peng, Fuyou, Ma, Hui, Liu, Li, Lu, Yue, and Suen, Ching Y.
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- 2024
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35. Investigation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the turbulent zone in friction stir welded 7075 aluminum alloy medium thickness plate joints
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Chen, Shuai, Lu, Yue, Hu, Yawen, Wang, Zheng, Tao, Tingfang, and Cui, Hongbo
- Published
- 2024
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36. Effect of temperature fluctuation on the physiological stress response of hybrid pearl gentian grouper during waterless keeping alive
- Author
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Mi, Hongbo, Zhang, Ting, Lu, Yue, Chen, Jingxin, and Li, Xuepeng
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- 2024
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37. C22MP: the marriage of catch22 and the matrix profile creates a fast, efficient and interpretable anomaly detector
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Tafazoli, Sadaf, Lu, Yue, Wu, Renjie, Srinivas, Thirumalai Vinjamoor Akhil, Dela Cruz, Hannah, Mercer, Ryan, and Keogh, Eamonn
- Published
- 2024
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38. Efficient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Imagery via Attention-based Feature Distillation
- Author
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Shamsolmoali, Pourya, Chanussot, Jocelyn, Zhou, Huiyu, and Lu, Yue
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Efficient object detection methods have recently received great attention in remote sensing. Although deep convolutional networks often have excellent detection accuracy, their deployment on resource-limited edge devices is difficult. Knowledge distillation (KD) is a strategy for addressing this issue since it makes models lightweight while maintaining accuracy. However, existing KD methods for object detection have encountered two constraints. First, they discard potentially important background information and only distill nearby foreground regions. Second, they only rely on the global context, which limits the student detector's ability to acquire local information from the teacher detector. To address the aforementioned challenges, we propose Attention-based Feature Distillation (AFD), a new KD approach that distills both local and global information from the teacher detector. To enhance local distillation, we introduce a multi-instance attention mechanism that effectively distinguishes between background and foreground elements. This approach prompts the student detector to focus on the pertinent channels and pixels, as identified by the teacher detector. Local distillation lacks global information, thus attention global distillation is proposed to reconstruct the relationship between various pixels and pass it from teacher to student detector. The performance of AFD is evaluated on two public aerial image benchmarks, and the evaluation results demonstrate that AFD in object detection can attain the performance of other state-of-the-art models while being efficient.
- Published
- 2023
39. Universality for the global spectrum of random inner-product kernel matrices in the polynomial regime
- Author
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Dubova, Sofiia, Lu, Yue M., McKenna, Benjamin, and Yau, Horng-Tzer
- Subjects
Mathematics - Probability ,Statistics - Machine Learning ,60B20, 15B52 - Abstract
We consider certain large random matrices, called random inner-product kernel matrices, which are essentially given by a nonlinear function $f$ applied entrywise to a sample-covariance matrix, $f(X^TX)$, where $X \in \mathbb{R}^{d \times N}$ is random and normalized in such a way that $f$ typically has order-one arguments. We work in the polynomial regime, where $N \asymp d^\ell$ for some $\ell > 0$, not just the linear regime where $\ell = 1$. Earlier work by various authors showed that, when the columns of $X$ are either uniform on the sphere or standard Gaussian vectors, and when $\ell$ is an integer (the linear regime $\ell = 1$ is particularly well-studied), the bulk eigenvalues of such matrices behave in a simple way: They are asymptotically given by the free convolution of the semicircular and Mar\v{c}enko-Pastur distributions, with relative weights given by expanding $f$ in the Hermite basis. In this paper, we show that this phenomenon is universal, holding as soon as $X$ has i.i.d. entries with all finite moments. In the case of non-integer $\ell$, the Mar\v{c}enko-Pastur term disappears (its weight in the free convolution vanishes), and the spectrum is just semicircular., Comment: 43 pages, no figures
- Published
- 2023
40. DSAM-GN:Graph Network based on Dynamic Similarity Adjacency Matrices for Vehicle Re-identification
- Author
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Jiao, Yuejun, Qiu, Song, Chen, Mingsong, Han, Dingding, Li, Qingli, and Lu, Yue
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
In recent years, vehicle re-identification (Re-ID) has gained increasing importance in various applications such as assisted driving systems, traffic flow management, and vehicle tracking, due to the growth of intelligent transportation systems. However, the presence of extraneous background information and occlusions can interfere with the learning of discriminative features, leading to significant variations in the same vehicle image across different scenarios. This paper proposes a method, named graph network based on dynamic similarity adjacency matrices (DSAM-GN), which incorporates a novel approach for constructing adjacency matrices to capture spatial relationships of local features and reduce background noise. Specifically, the proposed method divides the extracted vehicle features into different patches as nodes within the graph network. A spatial attention-based similarity adjacency matrix generation (SASAMG) module is employed to compute similarity matrices of nodes, and a dynamic erasure operation is applied to disconnect nodes with low similarity, resulting in similarity adjacency matrices. Finally, the nodes and similarity adjacency matrices are fed into graph networks to extract more discriminative features for vehicle Re-ID. Experimental results on public datasets VeRi-776 and VehicleID demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with recent works., Comment: This paper has been accepted by the 20th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in 2023
- Published
- 2023
41. Zero-Shot Object Goal Visual Navigation With Class-Independent Relationship Network
- Author
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Li, Xinting, Zhang, Shiguang, LU, Yue, Dang, Kerry, and Ran, Lingyan
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Robotics ,I.2.9 ,I.2.10 - Abstract
This paper investigates the zero-shot object goal visual navigation problem. In the object goal visual navigation task, the agent needs to locate navigation targets from its egocentric visual input. "Zero-shot" means that the target the agent needs to find is not trained during the training phase. To address the issue of coupling navigation ability with target features during training, we propose the Class-Independent Relationship Network (CIRN). This method combines target detection information with the relative semantic similarity between the target and the navigation target, and constructs a brand new state representation based on similarity ranking, this state representation does not include target feature or environment feature, effectively decoupling the agent's navigation ability from target features. And a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) is employed to learn the relationships between different objects based on their similarities. During testing, our approach demonstrates strong generalization capabilities, including zero-shot navigation tasks with different targets and environments. Through extensive experiments in the AI2-THOR virtual environment, our method outperforms the current state-of-the-art approaches in the zero-shot object goal visual navigation task. Furthermore, we conducted experiments in more challenging cross-target and cross-scene settings, which further validate the robustness and generalization ability of our method. Our code is available at: https://github.com/SmartAndCleverRobot/ICRA-CIRN.
- Published
- 2023
42. Distance Weighted Trans Network for Image Completion
- Author
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Shamsolmoali, Pourya, Zareapoor, Masoumeh, Zhou, Huiyu, Li, Xuelong, and Lu, Yue
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
The challenge of image generation has been effectively modeled as a problem of structure priors or transformation. However, existing models have unsatisfactory performance in understanding the global input image structures because of particular inherent features (for example, local inductive prior). Recent studies have shown that self-attention is an efficient modeling technique for image completion problems. In this paper, we propose a new architecture that relies on Distance-based Weighted Transformer (DWT) to better understand the relationships between an image's components. In our model, we leverage the strengths of both Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and DWT blocks to enhance the image completion process. Specifically, CNNs are used to augment the local texture information of coarse priors and DWT blocks are used to recover certain coarse textures and coherent visual structures. Unlike current approaches that generally use CNNs to create feature maps, we use the DWT to encode global dependencies and compute distance-based weighted feature maps, which substantially minimizes the problem of visual ambiguities. Meanwhile, to better produce repeated textures, we introduce Residual Fast Fourier Convolution (Res-FFC) blocks to combine the encoder's skip features with the coarse features provided by our generator. Furthermore, a simple yet effective technique is proposed to normalize the non-zero values of convolutions, and fine-tune the network layers for regularization of the gradient norms to provide an efficient training stabiliser. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments on three challenging datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed model compared to existing approaches.
- Published
- 2023
43. Adaptive White-Box Watermarking with Self-Mutual Check Parameters in Deep Neural Networks
- Author
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Gao, Zhenzhe, Yin, Zhaoxia, Zhan, Hongjian, Yin, Heng, and Lu, Yue
- Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found wide application, but also poses risks due to unintentional or malicious tampering during deployment. Regular checks are therefore necessary to detect and prevent such risks. Fragile watermarking is a technique used to identify tampering in AI models. However, previous methods have faced challenges including risks of omission, additional information transmission, and inability to locate tampering precisely. In this paper, we propose a method for detecting tampered parameters and bits, which can be used to detect, locate, and restore parameters that have been tampered with. We also propose an adaptive embedding method that maximizes information capacity while maintaining model accuracy. Our approach was tested on multiple neural networks subjected to attacks that modified weight parameters, and our results demonstrate that our method achieved great recovery performance when the modification rate was below 20%. Furthermore, for models where watermarking significantly affected accuracy, we utilized an adaptive bit technique to recover more than 15% of the accuracy loss of the model.
- Published
- 2023
44. Genotype selection identified elite lines through quantitative trait loci mapping of agronomically important traits in wheat
- Author
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Pang, Yunlong, Wang, Liming, Li, Linzhi, Wang, Xiaoqian, Wang, Danfeng, Zhao, Meng, Ma, Chenhao, Zhang, Huirui, Yan, Qiang, Lu, Yue, Liang, Yunlong, Kong, Xiangsheng, Zhu, Huaqiang, Sun, Xuecheng, Zhao, Yujie, and Liu, Shubing
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Genomic correlation, shared loci, and causal relationship between insomnia and psoriasis: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis
- Author
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Wang, Qing, Wu, Yuan, Wang, Xuehua, Zhang, Junhong, Li, Li, Wu, Jingjing, Lu, Yue, and Han, Ling
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Super-radiant and Sub-radiant Cavity Scattering by Atom Arrays
- Author
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Yan, Zhenjie, Ho, Jacquelyn, Lu, Yue-Hui, Masson, Stuart J., Asenjo-Garcia, Ana, and Stamper-Kurn, Dan M.
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases ,Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We realize collective enhancement and suppression of light scattered by an array of tweezer-trapped $^{87}$Rb atoms positioned within a strongly coupled Fabry-P\'{e}rot optical cavity. We illuminate the array with light directed transverse to the cavity axis, in the low saturation regime, and detect photons scattered into the cavity. For an array with integer-optical-wavelength spacing each atom scatters light into the cavity with nearly identical scattering amplitude, leading to an observed $N^2$ scaling of cavity photon number as the atom number increases stepwise from $N=1$ to $N=8$. By contrast, for an array with half-integer-wavelength spacing, destructive interference of scattering amplitudes yields a non-monotonic, sub-radiant cavity intensity versus $N$. By analyzing the polarization of light emitted from the cavity, we find that Rayleigh scattering can be collectively enhanced or suppressed with respect to Raman scattering. We observe also that atom-induced shifts and broadenings of the cavity resonance are precisely tuned by varying the atom number and positions. Altogether, tweezer arrays provide exquisite control of atomic cavity QED spanning from the single- to the many-body regime.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Weakly Supervised Scene Text Generation for Low-resource Languages
- Author
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Xie, Yangchen, Chen, Xinyuan, Zhan, Hongjian, Shivakum, Palaiahankote, Yin, Bing, Liu, Cong, and Lu, Yue
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
A large number of annotated training images is crucial for training successful scene text recognition models. However, collecting sufficient datasets can be a labor-intensive and costly process, particularly for low-resource languages. To address this challenge, auto-generating text data has shown promise in alleviating the problem. Unfortunately, existing scene text generation methods typically rely on a large amount of paired data, which is difficult to obtain for low-resource languages. In this paper, we propose a novel weakly supervised scene text generation method that leverages a few recognition-level labels as weak supervision. The proposed method is able to generate a large amount of scene text images with diverse backgrounds and font styles through cross-language generation. Our method disentangles the content and style features of scene text images, with the former representing textual information and the latter representing characteristics such as font, alignment, and background. To preserve the complete content structure of generated images, we introduce an integrated attention module. Furthermore, to bridge the style gap in the style of different languages, we incorporate a pre-trained font classifier. We evaluate our method using state-of-the-art scene text recognition models. Experiments demonstrate that our generated scene text significantly improves the scene text recognition accuracy and help achieve higher accuracy when complemented with other generative methods.
- Published
- 2023
48. The Structure and Dynamics of Massive High-$z$ Cosmic-Web Filaments: Three Radial Zones in Filament Cross-Sections
- Author
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Lu, Yue Samuel, Mandelker, Nir, Oh, S. Peng, Dekel, Avishai, Bosch, Frank C. van den, Springel, Volker, Nagai, Daisuke, and van de Voort, Freeke
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We analyse the internal structure and dynamics of cosmic-web filaments that connect massive high-$z$ haloes. Our analysis is based on a high-resolution AREPO cosmological simulation zooming-in on a volume encompassing three ${\rm Mpc}$-scale filaments feeding three massive haloes of $\sim 10^{12}\,\text{M}_\odot$ at $z \sim 4$, embedded in a large-scale sheet. Each filament is surrounded by a cylindrical accretion shock of radius $r_{\rm shock} \sim 50 \,{\rm kpc}$. The post-shock gas is in virial equilibrium with the potential well set by an isothermal dark-matter filament. The filament line-mass is $\sim 9\times 10^8\,\text{M}_\odot\,{\rm kpc}^{-1}$, the gas fraction within $r_{\rm shock}$ is the universal baryon fraction, and the virial temperature is $\sim 7\times 10^5 {\rm K}$. In the outer ''thermal'' (T) zone, $r \geq 0.65 \, r_{\rm shock}$, inward gravity and ram-pressure forces are over-balanced by outwards thermal pressure forces, decelerating the inflowing gas expanding the shock outward. In the intermediate ''vortex'' (V) zone, $0.25 \leq r/ r_{\rm shock} \leq 0.65$, the velocity field is dominated by a quadrupolar vortex structure due to offset inflow along the sheet through the post-shock gas. The outwards force is dominated by centrifugal forces associated with these vortices, with additional contributions from global rotation and thermal pressure. The shear and turbulent forces associated with the vortices act inward. The inner ''stream'' (S) zone, $r < 0.25 \, r_{\rm shock}$, is a dense isothermal core, $T\sim 3 \times 10^4 \, {\rm K}$ and $n_{\rm H}\sim 0.01 \,{\rm cm^{-3}}$, defining the cold streams that feed galaxies. The core is formed by an isobaric cooling flow and is associated with a decrease in outwards forces, though it exhibits both inflows and outflows. [abridged], Comment: 32 pages, 22 figures, submitted to MNRAS
- Published
- 2023
49. A New Comprehensive Benchmark for Semi-supervised Video Anomaly Detection and Anticipation
- Author
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Cao, Congqi, Lu, Yue, Wang, Peng, and Zhang, Yanning
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Semi-supervised video anomaly detection (VAD) is a critical task in the intelligent surveillance system. However, an essential type of anomaly in VAD named scene-dependent anomaly has not received the attention of researchers. Moreover, there is no research investigating anomaly anticipation, a more significant task for preventing the occurrence of anomalous events. To this end, we propose a new comprehensive dataset, NWPU Campus, containing 43 scenes, 28 classes of abnormal events, and 16 hours of videos. At present, it is the largest semi-supervised VAD dataset with the largest number of scenes and classes of anomalies, the longest duration, and the only one considering the scene-dependent anomaly. Meanwhile, it is also the first dataset proposed for video anomaly anticipation. We further propose a novel model capable of detecting and anticipating anomalous events simultaneously. Compared with 7 outstanding VAD algorithms in recent years, our method can cope with scene-dependent anomaly detection and anomaly anticipation both well, achieving state-of-the-art performance on ShanghaiTech, CUHK Avenue, IITB Corridor and the newly proposed NWPU Campus datasets consistently. Our dataset and code is available at: https://campusvad.github.io., Comment: CVPR 2023
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- 2023
50. Scene Text Recognition with Image-Text Matching-guided Dictionary
- Author
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Wei, Jiajun, Zhan, Hongjian, Tu, Xiao, Lu, Yue, and Pal, Umapada
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Employing a dictionary can efficiently rectify the deviation between the visual prediction and the ground truth in scene text recognition methods. However, the independence of the dictionary on the visual features may lead to incorrect rectification of accurate visual predictions. In this paper, we propose a new dictionary language model leveraging the Scene Image-Text Matching(SITM) network, which avoids the drawbacks of the explicit dictionary language model: 1) the independence of the visual features; 2) noisy choice in candidates etc. The SITM network accomplishes this by using Image-Text Contrastive (ITC) Learning to match an image with its corresponding text among candidates in the inference stage. ITC is widely used in vision-language learning to pull the positive image-text pair closer in feature space. Inspired by ITC, the SITM network combines the visual features and the text features of all candidates to identify the candidate with the minimum distance in the feature space. Our lexicon method achieves better results(93.8\% accuracy) than the ordinary method results(92.1\% accuracy) on six mainstream benchmarks. Additionally, we integrate our method with ABINet and establish new state-of-the-art results on several benchmarks., Comment: Accepted at ICDAR2023
- Published
- 2023
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