1. Infection of dogs with Echinococcus granulosus: causes and consequences in an hyperendemic area
- Author
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Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Jacques Cabaret, Habib Mezhoud, Selim M’rad, Hamouda Babba, Oudni-M'rad, Myriam, LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Medicale et Moleculaire, LR12ES08, Faculte de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Faculté de Pharmacie, UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique (UR IASP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de parasitologie, Hopital Habib Bourguiba - Habib Bourguiba Hospital [Sfax], Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Endemic Diseases ,Environmental contamination ,Climate ,variabilité génétique ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,Feces ,0302 clinical medicine ,Prevalence ,Dog Diseases ,Echinococcus granulosus ,0303 health sciences ,Microscopy ,biology ,Geography ,Incidence ,Microbiology and Parasitology ,maladie parasitaire ,Echinococcosis ,Microbiologie et Parasitologie ,3. Good health ,G1 genotype ,Phylogeography ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,Infectious Diseases ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ,zoonose ,Tunisia ,030231 tropical medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,Genetic variation ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Genetic variability ,Isolation by distance ,tunisie ,Research ,Genetic Variation ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Echinococcus ,Parasitology ,contamination fécale ,chien ,Dog faecal sample ,humain - Abstract
Background Tunisia is a hyper endemic country for human echinococcosis. The infection is transmitted via the eggs of Echinococcus granulosus which are passed in the faeces of the definitive canid host. Methods This study evaluated the contamination rate of the dog faeces in different climatic conditions at eight different geographic regions throughout Tunisia. Dog faecal samples were collected from the soil and the Echinococcus eggs were identified using microscopic and molecular (Eg1121/1122 PCR, Egss1 PCR and Nad1 PCR-RFLP) tools. Results The contamination index of dog faeces by E. granulosus eggs ranged from 8.3% to 41.3% depending on the region. Comparisons of the dog faecal contamination rate against human incidence found them to be independent. Neither human prevalence nor dog contamination index appeared to be related to climatic conditions or geographic characteristics. The genetic variability of E. granulosus samples was different within each region but was not related to geographic distance which is indicative of local divergent evolutions rather than isolation by distance. Conclusions A high environmental dog contamination index does not necessarily correspond to high prevalence in humans as transmission is strongly linked to human behavior and hygiene.
- Published
- 2015